Map 3.1 Shigar Oasis - Freie Universität Berlin

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tion, potentials and prospects. Islamabad: Global Change Impact Studies Centre, pp. 164- 179. KREUTZMANN, H. (2004): Accessibility for High Asia. Comparative perspectives on Northern Pakistan's traffic infrastructure and linkages with neighbours in the Hindukush-Karakoram- Himalaya. In: Journal of Mountain Science, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 193-210. KREUTZMANN, H. (2005a): Linguistic diversity in space and time: a survey in the Eastern Hindukush and Karakoram. In: Himalayan Linguistics 4. Web-Journal http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/CIE/HimalayanLinguistics/Journal_2005/Kreutzmann_HLJ4.pdf. Accessed: September 2007. KREUTZMANN, H. (2005b): Pastoral practices and their transformation in the North-Western Karakoram. In: Nomadic Peoples, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 54-88. KREUTZMANN, H. (2005c): Selected bibliography on Northern Pakistan: Reference, research and documentation. In: BIANCA, S. (ed.): Karakoram. Hidden treasures in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Turin, pp. 313-320. KREUTZMANN, H. (2005d): The Karakoram landscape and the recent history of the Northern Areas. In: BIANCA, S. (ed.): Karakoram. Hidden treasures in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Turin, pp. 41-76. KREUTZMANN, H. (2006): High mountain agriculture and its transformation in a changing socio-economic environment. In: KREUTZMANN H. (ed.): Karakoram in transition. Culture, development and ecology in the Hunza Valley. Oxford, New York, Karachi, pp. 329-358. LABBAL, V. (2000): Traditional Oases of Ladakh: A Case Study of Equity in Water Management. In: KREUTZMANN, H. (ed.): Sharing Water. Irrigation and Water Management in the Hindukush – Karakoram – Himalaya. Oxford, pp. 163-183. LENTZ, S. (2000): Rechtspluralismus in den Northern Areas/Pakistan (=Culture Area Karakorum scientific studies; Vol 9), Köln. MALIK, M. Bashir (1961): Census of Northern Areas, 1961. Agency Census Report. Baltistan Agency. Parts I-V: Vol.6. MASOOD KHAN (2005): Restoring and adapting Shigar Fort/Palace. In: Bianca, S. (ed.): Hidden Treasures of the Karakorums - The rehabilitation of cultural heritage in Pakistan's Northern Areas. Geneva. pp. 215-238. MASOOD KHAN (2006): Conceptual planning in the Karakoram: The built heritage and dynamics of institution building. In: KREUTZMANN, H. (Ed.) (2006): Karakoram in transition. Culture, development and ecology in the Hunza Valley. Oxford, New York, Karachi, pp. 305-319. MEHDI, R. (2001): Gender and Property Law in Pakistan. Resources and Discourses. Copenhagen. MUMTAZ, K. (2007): Gender and poverty in Pakistan. In: Development, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 149-153. MUMTAZ, K. & M.M. NOSHIRWANI (2006): Women’s access and rights to land and property in Pakistan (Scoping Study). http://www.shirkatgah.org/Women_access-rights-to_land_property_in_Pakistan.pdf. Accessed: May 2005. NUESSER, M. (2000): Change and persistence: Contemporary landscape transformation in the Nanga Parbat region, Northern Pakistan. In: Mountain Research and Development, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 348-355. 138
NYBORG, I. (2002): Yours Today, Mine Tomorrow? A Study of Women and Men’s Negotiation Over Resources in Baltistan, Pakistan, PhD Dissertation No.1, Noragric, Centre for International Environment and Development Studies, Agricultural University of Norway (NLH). POLZER, C. & M. SCHMIDT (2000): The transformation of political structure in Shigar Valley / Baltistan. In: DITTMANN, A. (Ed.): Mountain societies in transition: contributions to the cultural geography of the Karakorum. (= Culture Area Karakorum Scientific Studies, Vol. 6). Köln. pp. 179-210. RHOADES R.E. & S.I.THOMPSON (1975): Adaptive strategies in alpine environments: beyond ecological particularism. In: American Ethnologist, Vol.2 No.2, pp. 535-551. ROOHI, T. (2003): Non-Governmental Organisations - Northern Areas strategy for sustainable development. IUCN. Karachi. ROSEMANN, N. (2005): Drinking Water Crisis in Pakistan and the Issue of Bottled Water. The Case of Nestlé’s ‘Pure Life’. Islamabad. http://www.humanrights.ch/home/upload/pdf/050829_drinkingwaterpakistan_rosemann200 5.pdf. Accessed: June 2008. SAID, M. (1998): Natural hazards of Shigar Valley, Northern Areas of Pakistan. In: STELLRECHT, I. (Ed.): Karakorum - Hindukush - Himalaya: Dynamics of change. (= Culture Area Karakorum Scientific Studies, Vol. 4/I). Köln. pp. 251-268. SATHAR, Z./KASI, S. (1997): Women’s autonomy, livelihood and fertility: A study of rural Punjab. Islamabad. SCHMIDT, M. (2000): Pastoral system in Shigar/Baltistan: communal herding management and pasturage rights. In: EHLERS, E. & H. KREUTZMANN (Eds.): High mountain pastoralism in Northern Pakistan. (= Erdkundliches Wissen, Vol. 132). Stuttgart. pp.121-150. SCHMIDT, M. (2004a): Boden- und Wasserrecht in Shigar, Baltistan: Autochthone Institutionen der Ressourcennutzung im Zentralen Karakorum. (= Bonner Geographische Abhandlungen, Vol. 112). Sankt Augustin. SCHMIDT, M. (2004b): Interdependencies and reciprocity of private and common property resources in the Central Karakorum. In: Erdkunde, Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 316-330. SCHMIDT, M. (2006): Lokales Wassermanagement im Hochgebirge. Angepasste Nutzung einer Allmende-Ressource in Baltistan (Nordpakistan). In: Geographische Rundschau, Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 49-56. SCHULER, S. (1978): The „Story of the creation of Shigar“ of Wazir Ahmad. In: Central Asiatic Journal, Vol. 22, pp. 102-120. SDPI (2006): Women’s land rights in Pakistan. http://www.sdpi.org/research_Programme/human_development/womens_land_rights.htm. Accessed: February 2008. SIDDIQA, A. (2007): Military Inc. Inside Pakistan´s Military Economic, London. STELLRECHT, I. (1997): The past and the present – Horizons of remembering in the Pakistan Himalaya. (= Culture Area Karakorum Scientific Studies, Vol. 3). Köln. STELLRECHT, I. (1998): Bibliography – Northern Pakistan. (= Culture Area Karakorum Scientific Studies, Vol. 1). Köln. STOEBER, G. (2000): Irrigation Practice in Yasin, Northern Areas of Pakistan. In: KREUTZMANN, H. (ED.): Sharing Water. Irrigation and Water Management in the Hindukush – Karakoram – Himalaya. Oxford, pp. 90-115. 139
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35 Occasional Papers Geographie ZEL
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OCCASIONAL PAPERS GEOGRAPHIE Heft 3
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project could materialise. In addit
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5.3.5 Construction and maintenance
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List of Figures Figure 1.1 Spatial
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Figure 9.5 Enrolment by gender and
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Annex A Map 1.1 Shigar Oasis - land
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erence the location of big trees an
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currently used as irrigated meadows
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Box 1.1 Market orientation and new
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The average number of animals per h
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Shigar. In account of this there mu
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Figure 2.1 Old settlement core of C
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oundaries identified in 1997, young
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Type II predominantly sun-dried ado
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The vast majority of houses in Shig
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a closer look on the age of the hou
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Figure 2.12 Reasons for the choice
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On the one hand the interviewees in
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Fort and the bordering villages in
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Beside the traffic development, ele
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However, a high level of contentmen
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distribution of materials and spare
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already has internet access in his
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4.2.1 Sources of energy In Shigar,
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Table 4.1 Prices for energy sources
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Usage of LPG in Shigar Figure 4.6 T
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mum current of 400 kW each. Since m
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ing ecosystem and using dung as a f
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among water users are explained. A
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Figure 5.5 Main irrigation canals o
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nal. The stone sizes range from yak
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5.3.6 Financing For maintaining the
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increase in prices and needs. As a
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6. Water management: Drinking water
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From there, pipelines with a diamet
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are supplied by the state-owned pip
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Table 6.2 Functionality of public w
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Table 6.4 Regularity of water (avai
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Figure 6.13 Regularly working taps:
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Table 6.6 Chudongs in Shigar Proper
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6.7 Water quality 6.7.1 Bacteriolog
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strong efforts are made by the staf
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With regard to the water infrastruc
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7. Property rights in Shigar: a gen
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esearch approach chosen here is tha
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7.3.2 Ownership of land and other r
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nant women owning land posses only
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Figure 7.2 Parallel use and interac
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many women the ability to read the
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Page 106 and 107: Figure 7.9 Male shopkeeper Photo: G
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Page 112 and 113: With a view to the map of utilisati
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Page 118 and 119: The discrepancy between official an
Page 120 and 121: 9.1 Introduction 9. Formal educatio
Page 122 and 123: 9.4 Results of the field visit 9.4.
Page 124 and 125: Figure 9.4 School infrastructure in
Page 126 and 127: Evaluating the teacher-student rati
Page 128 and 129: 9.4.5 Availability of teaching mate
Page 130 and 131: F.G. Boys Primary School Shigar Kha
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Page 136 and 137: Figure 9.16 Age structure and liter
Page 138 and 139: Figure 9.19 Status of education by
Page 140 and 141: The primary net enrolment ratio for
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Page 146 and 147: Middle Schools No. of teachers per
Page 148 and 149: 10. References and further reading
Page 150 and 151: GOP MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (2002): E
Page 154 and 155: STOEBER, G. & H. HERBERS (2000): An
Page 156 and 157: zing B water reservoir Shigar Prope
Page 158 and 159: Annex A (see supplement) 12. Annex
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Page 166 and 167: Annex B Annex B 1 Demographic devel
Page 168 and 169: Annex B 5 Average income of Shigar
Page 170 and 171: Annex B 9 Governmental land (khalis
Page 172 and 173: Annex B 11 Selling of agricultural
Page 174: Annex B 15 Infrastructure and educa
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