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In early January 1941, Thailand invaded French Indochina, beginning the French-Thai War. The Thais were better equipped than, and outnumbered, the French forces, easily taking Laos. The French decisively won the naval Battle of Koh Chang. The Japanese mediated the conflict, and a general armistice was declared on January 28. On May 9 a peace treaty was signed in Tokyo, with the French being coerced by the Japanese into relinquishing its hold on the disputed territories. After the end of World War II, Prime Minister Pridi Phanomyong agreed to return the captured territories to France, as a condition for admission to the newly created United Nations. On December 8, 1941, a few hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan demanded the right to move troops across Thailand to the Malayan frontier. Japan invaded the country and engaged the Thai army for six to eight hours before Phibun ordered an armistice. Shortly thereafter Japan was granted free passage, and on December 21, 1941, Thailand and Japan signed a military alliance with a secret protocol wherein Tokyo agreed to help Thailand get back territories lost to the British and French colonial powers and Thailand undertook to assist Japan in her war against the Allies. After Japan's defeat in 1945, with the help of a group of Thais known as Seri Thai who were supported by the United States, Thailand was treated as a defeated country by the British and French, although American support mitigated the Allied terms. Thailand was not occupied by the Allies, but it was forced to return the territory it had gained to the British and the French. In the post-war period Thailand enjoyed close relations with the United States, which it saw as a protector from the communist revolutions in neighbouring countries. Recently, Thailand also has been an active member in the regional Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), especially after democratic rule was restored in 1992. Democracy Main article: History of Thailand since 1973 8 This section documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses. The post-1973 has been marked by a struggle to define the political contours of the state. It was won by the King and General Prem Tinsulanonda, who favoured a democratic constitutional order. The post-1973 years has seen a difficult and sometimes bloody transition from military to civilian rule, with several reversals along the way. The revolution of 1973 inaugurated a brief, unstable period of democracy, with military rule being reimposed after a bloody right-wing coup in 1976. For most of the
1980s, Thailand was ruled by Prem, a democratically-inclined strongman who restored parliamentary politics. Thereafter the country remained a democracy apart from a brief period of military rule from 1991 to 1992. The populist Thai Rak Thai party, led by prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra, governed since 2001. On September 19, 2006, with the prime minister in New York for a meeting of the UN, Army Commanderin-Chief Lieutenant General Sonthi Boonyaratglin launched a successful coup 'd'etat. See also • History of Isan • List of Kings of Thailand • List of Prime Ministers of Thailand References • Thongchai Winichakul. Siam Mapped. University of Hawaii Press, 1984. ISBN 0-8248- 1974-8 • Wyatt, David. Thailand: A Short History (2nd edition). Yale University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-300-08475-7 9
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Parallel to the canal, this edifice
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Hmong, the Mien, the Lahu and the L
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http://www.yupparaj.ac.th/webpage/c
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Wiang Kum Kam was founded in a shal
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the armies of Sukhothai after a dis
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Phaya Mangrai moved into a palace i
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Phaya Saen Muang Ma also commenced
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ordered that the image be enshrined
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As Chiang Mai had long been a ghost
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80 Monthon Phayap In the nineteenth
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dissatisfied with officials from th
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http://www.thaifocus.com/history.ht
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Today Northern Thailand is part of
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Among the buildings on the plaza is
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was able to vanish, it could move i
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92 Ornate models at Doi Suthep Refe
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far away as the Roman Empire. This
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96 presentation - Requires 'flash e
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98 1. Originated from the east edge
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100 • Midstream On the premise th
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• References 1) The Mekong - Turb
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I first saw the Mekong 41 years ago
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China began its dam building on the
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Laos - History http://www.visit-lao
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frequent cause of uprisings. In the
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to the Pathet Lao crumbled. The Pat
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elentlessly to recover their nation
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From the very beginning, Laos seems
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traditionally consulted for the rel
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in Thailand. Prior to the twentieth
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difficult and expensive, and most L
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124 • Laos • National Biodivers
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A path against the face of the clif
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In the meantime, the Khmers founded
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130 • Thailand: Bangkok, Chiang M
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Luang Prabang - Royal Palace Museum
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Karst Formations http://en.wikipedi
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Mature karst landscapes, where more
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138 • Limestone mountains of nort
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140 Geography & Geology http://www.
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Erosion continues underground, and
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Spanish: karst (m) expuesto; karst
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Slovenian word for this very common
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part of the ground water. The surfa
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Pictured right: The end of the Rako
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Cone karst is the more common and l
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the end of winter, the cavities in
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Laos has the dubious honour of bein
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Thattaradtha originally founded a c
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160 • Pictures of Vientiane on Fl
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http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/As
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Vietnam http://www.geographia.com/v
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The most important festival of the
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was an independent era. For most of
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to remove their erstwhile allies, t
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elatively flat plateaus of basalt s
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congestion is a serious problem in
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In the socialist era, the cultural
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178 • Communist Party of Vietnam
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Vietnam - History http://www.toserc
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During the reign of King Minh Mang
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Vietnam remained internationally is
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186 Early Independence In 939 AD, t
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characters for writing official doc
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190 Meanwhile, the Nguyễ n Lords
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the Nguyễ n Lords had doubled the
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Meanwhile, in 1941 Hồ Chí Minh,
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After April 30th, 1975, an exodus o
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198 • Mesny, William. 1884. Tungk
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Republic of Vietnam United States o
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After the war and following the Jap
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The Diem era, 1955-1963 Main articl
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206 In November 1963, the U.S. emba
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In a televised address, President J
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preventing the immediate defeat of
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General Nguyen Ngoc Loan summarily
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the two nations off against one ano
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egion into the Central Highlands, s
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The first U.S. prisoners of war wer
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Main article: Ho Chi Minh Campaign
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overthrew Pol Pot's murderous regim
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Use of chemical defoliants One of t
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Vietnam Conflict, the Vietnam War,
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228 10. ^ Robert McNamara et al, Ar
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230 • Myers, Thomas. Walking Poin
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When armed conflict heated up betwe
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supplemented by intense river trans
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During 1968 the US Air Force undert
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This round-the-clock aerial effort
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SAM-7 missile near Tchepone. [50] T
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launched a counteroffensive with fo
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244 16. ^ Van Staaveren, p. 104. 17
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246 55. ^ The little known fall of
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248 • Lipsman, Samuel, Steven Wei
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A September 1966 intelligence study
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once more appeared on the list of b
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Hanoi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
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Geography Districts Hanoi comprises
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merchants, including many silk shop
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Though representing only 3.6 percen
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http://www.queencafe.com.vn/History
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workers constitute only 9% of the p
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Hang Bac also has jewelers of diffe
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structure was built over it, and fi
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Street Name: Description: 1 - Bat D
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administrative offices provide visi
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http://www.vietnamembassy-usa.org/l
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276 • Dong Da district. This is a
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The northern edge of Hai Phong city
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Halong Bay & Cat Ba National Park h
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_ba
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http://www.asia-planet.net/vietnam/
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attract many visitors every year. E
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288 • People at this stage had na
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290 • Tang Dynasty was so strong
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292 • China history since then ha
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What is now China was inhabited, po
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296 Shang Dynasty Main article: Sha
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After further political consolidati
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Sui Dynasty: Reunification Main art
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called the Pax Mongolica, adventuro
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Main article: Qing Dynasty The Qing
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German, French, US and Austrian tro
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308 • List of Neolithic cultures
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310 • Shaffer, Lynda Norene. 1996
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeli
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23 25 88 314 Gengshi 105 He Cai Lun
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1279 Battle of Yamen 1289 Francisca
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1874 1875 1876 Chefoo Convention 18
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2003 SARS outbreak 2004 Date Ruling
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322 • Xia Shang Zhou Chronology P
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The Dongs, who had all along fought
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Religion Since ancient times, the D
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Dong funeral rituals are similar to
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Like the Han, the Dong has New Year
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across the water. Corridors and kio
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Hui Ethnic Group http://library.thi
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members of the group. Use of a fort
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on collars, sleeves and trouser leg
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Crafts: The Miao people are very sk
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meat are forbidden. For those who o
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The third type, engaged in by a tin
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performed when a boy entered manhoo
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http://www.travelchinaguide.com/int
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Zhuang Minority Group http://librar
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In 1851, the Taiping Revolution, th
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Contemporary Zhuang clothing is in
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In the past, the Zhuangs had such a
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The Zhuang people are so hospitable
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Huashan Cliff Paintings http://engl
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http://www.gxtravel.com/ReadArt.asp
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http://www.kepu.net.cn/english/nati
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Liuzhou http://en.wikipedia.org/wik
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http://www.china.org.cn/english/TCC
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http://www.gxtravel.com/Culture/Rea
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Another celebrated figure in Liuzho
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Most of the original culture of the
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Jian Zhen http://www.mountainsongs.
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Li River (Lijiang) http://www.china
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijian
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384
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surrounded by the Yuecheng Range ,
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388 Guilin prospered in the Tang an
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390 • Guilin Medical College (桂
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External links 392 • Guilin Map
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394 • Ling Canal, northeast of Gu
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Shenzhen, formerly known as Bao'an
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percent over the previous year. Its
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China Merchants Holdings (Internati
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Shenzhen is the candidate of People
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Hong Kong http://en.wikipedia.org/w
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A waterfall off the Chinese coast w
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New Terrorities returning to the PR
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the government's decision to subsid
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On 24 September 2005, 25 Hong Kong
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Main articles: Geography of Hong Ko
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Hong Kong consists of 18 administra
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US dollar at the rate of approximat
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diversity of the territory and inte
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schools, often run by Christian org
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424 Easter Monday 復活節星期
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426 Hong Kong's best-known building
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now used almost exclusively in Hong
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2001- World's Best Airports 05 Skyt
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432 14. ^ Monthly Averages for Hong
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Radio 434 • Radio Television of H
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Stanley was the location where the
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438 • The Old Stanley Police Stat
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The Peak Tower was designed by the
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_T
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444 • List of buildings and struc
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Name The Star Ferry makes a "star t
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448 • Official website • Star F
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