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20 • production: 118,900 KW·h (2003) • consumption: 106,100 KW·h (2003) • exports: 188 KW·h (2002) • imports: 600 KW·h (2002) Electricity - production by source: Oil: • fossil fuel: 91.3% • hydro: 6.4% • other: 2.4% (2001) • nuclear: 0% • production: 230,000 barrels per day (35,800 m³/d) (2005 est.) • consumption: 785,000 barrels per day (125,000 m³/d) (2001 est.) • exports: NA • imports: NA • proved reserves: 583 million barrels (95,000,000 m³) (November 2003) Natural gas: • production: 22,280,000,000 m³ (2003 est.) • consumption: 29,150,000,000 m³ (2003 est.) • exports: 0 m³ (2001 est.) • imports: 5,200,000,000 m³; (2001 est.) • proved reserves: 377,700,000,000 m³ (November 2003) Current account balance: $-5.901 billion (2005 est.) Exports - commodities: textiles and footwear, fishery products, rice, rubber, jewelry, automobiles, computers and electrical appliances lex Imports - commodities: capital goods, intermediate goods and raw materials, consumer goods, fuels Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $51.9 billion (2005)
Exchange rates: baht per US dollar - 40.5348 (2004), 41.4846 (2003), 42.9601 (2002), 44.4319 (2001), 40.1118 (2000) See also • Stock Exchange of Thailand • List of economic geography topics External links • http://www.bot.or.th/ - Bank of Thailand Thailand currency and coinage Topics Thai baht · Bank of Thailand · Economy of Thailand Coinage 1 satang · 5 satang · 10 satang · Salung · 2 Salung · ฿ 1 · ฿ 2 · ฿ 5 · ฿ 10 Currency ฿20 · ฿ 50 · ฿ 100 · ฿ 500 · ฿ 1,000 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Australia • Brunei Darussalam • Canada • Chile • People's Republic of China • Hong Kong, China • Indonesia • Japan • Republic of Korea • Malaysia • Mexico • New Zealand • Papua New Guinea • Peru • Philippines • Russia • Singapore • Chinese Taipei (Republic of China) • Thailand • United States • Viet Nam World Trade Organization (WTO) Albania • Angola • Antigua and Barbuda • Argentina • Armenia • Australia • Bahrain, Kingdom of • Bangladesh • Barbados • Belize • Benin • Bolivia • Botswana • Brazil • Brunei Darussalam • Burkina Faso • Burundi • Cambodia • Cameroon • Canada • Central African Republic • Chad • Chile • China • Colombia • Congo • Costa Rica • Cote d'Ivoire • Croatia • Cuba • Democratic Republic of the Congo • Djibouti • Dominica • Dominican Republic • Ecuador • Egypt • El Salvador • European Communities1 • Fiji • Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) • Gabon • The Gambia • Georgia • Ghana • Grenada • Guatemala • Guinea • Guinea Bissau • Guyana • Haiti • Honduras • Hong Kong, China • Iceland • India • Indonesia • Israel • Jamaica • Japan • Jordan • Kenya • Korea, Republic of • Kuwait • Kyrgyz Republic • Lesotho • Liechtenstein • Macao, China • Madagascar • Malawi • Malaysia • Maldives • Mali • Mauritania • Mauritius • Mexico • Moldova • Mongolia • Morocco • Mozambique • Myanmar • Namibia • Nepal • New Zealand • Nicaragua • 21
Page 1: 1 Bangkok to Beijing via Laos and V
Page 4 and 5: 2 Mekong ..........................
Page 6 and 7: 4 Liuzhou (1) .....................
Page 8 and 9: this purpose. The city briefly domi
Page 10 and 11: In early January 1941, Thailand inv
Page 12 and 13: Thailand - History (2) http://www.t
Page 14 and 15: 12 After the fall of Ayudthaya, Gen
Page 16 and 17: Thailand - History (3) http://www.a
Page 18 and 19: Thailand - Economy http://en.wikipe
Page 20 and 21: The Royal Thai Government welcomes
Page 24 and 25: 22 Niger • Nigeria • Norway •
Page 26 and 27: Successive capitals, built at vario
Page 28 and 29: 26 • Total: 514 000 km² o Land:
Page 30 and 31: coconut plantations, tin mining, an
Page 32 and 33: References 30 • This article cont
Page 34 and 35: and financial center in Southeast A
Page 36 and 37: officials, middle class professiona
Page 38 and 39: Bangkok has over 50 districts or kh
Page 40 and 41: There is also an elected Bangkok Me
Page 42 and 43: its lobby on the 15th floor, presen
Page 44 and 45: more commuters, the Hua Lampong sta
Page 46 and 47: many reasons including to serve the
Page 48 and 49: published on Fridays that deal with
Page 50 and 51: 48 • Images and Photos from Bangk
Page 52 and 53: especially since these areas with t
Page 54 and 55: convenience of administration, the
Page 56 and 57: Reference 54 • Official site Retr
Page 58 and 59: The great restoration, having taken
Page 60 and 61: Parallel to the canal, this edifice
Page 62 and 63: Hmong, the Mien, the Lahu and the L
Page 64 and 65: http://www.yupparaj.ac.th/webpage/c
Page 66 and 67: Wiang Kum Kam was founded in a shal
Page 68 and 69: These three kings had earlier devel
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Phaya Mangrai moved into a palace i
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Phaya Saen Muang Ma also commenced
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ordered that the image be enshrined
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http://www.yupparaj.ac.th/webpage/c
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As Chiang Mai had long been a ghost
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80 Monthon Phayap In the nineteenth
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dissatisfied with officials from th
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http://www.thaifocus.com/history.ht
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Today Northern Thailand is part of
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Among the buildings on the plaza is
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was able to vanish, it could move i
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92 Ornate models at Doi Suthep Refe
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far away as the Roman Empire. This
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96 presentation - Requires 'flash e
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98 1. Originated from the east edge
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100 • Midstream On the premise th
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• References 1) The Mekong - Turb
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I first saw the Mekong 41 years ago
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China began its dam building on the
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Laos - History http://www.visit-lao
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frequent cause of uprisings. In the
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to the Pathet Lao crumbled. The Pat
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elentlessly to recover their nation
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From the very beginning, Laos seems
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traditionally consulted for the rel
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in Thailand. Prior to the twentieth
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difficult and expensive, and most L
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124 • Laos • National Biodivers
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A path against the face of the clif
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In the meantime, the Khmers founded
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130 • Thailand: Bangkok, Chiang M
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Luang Prabang - Royal Palace Museum
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Karst Formations http://en.wikipedi
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Mature karst landscapes, where more
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138 • Limestone mountains of nort
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140 Geography & Geology http://www.
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Erosion continues underground, and
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Spanish: karst (m) expuesto; karst
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Slovenian word for this very common
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part of the ground water. The surfa
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Pictured right: The end of the Rako
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Cone karst is the more common and l
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the end of winter, the cavities in
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Laos has the dubious honour of bein
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Thattaradtha originally founded a c
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160 • Pictures of Vientiane on Fl
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http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/As
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Vietnam http://www.geographia.com/v
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The most important festival of the
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was an independent era. For most of
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to remove their erstwhile allies, t
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elatively flat plateaus of basalt s
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congestion is a serious problem in
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In the socialist era, the cultural
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178 • Communist Party of Vietnam
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Vietnam - History http://www.toserc
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During the reign of King Minh Mang
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Vietnam remained internationally is
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186 Early Independence In 939 AD, t
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characters for writing official doc
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190 Meanwhile, the Nguyễ n Lords
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the Nguyễ n Lords had doubled the
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Meanwhile, in 1941 Hồ Chí Minh,
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After April 30th, 1975, an exodus o
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198 • Mesny, William. 1884. Tungk
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Republic of Vietnam United States o
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After the war and following the Jap
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The Diem era, 1955-1963 Main articl
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206 In November 1963, the U.S. emba
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In a televised address, President J
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preventing the immediate defeat of
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General Nguyen Ngoc Loan summarily
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the two nations off against one ano
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egion into the Central Highlands, s
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The first U.S. prisoners of war wer
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Main article: Ho Chi Minh Campaign
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overthrew Pol Pot's murderous regim
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Use of chemical defoliants One of t
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Vietnam Conflict, the Vietnam War,
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228 10. ^ Robert McNamara et al, Ar
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230 • Myers, Thomas. Walking Poin
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When armed conflict heated up betwe
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supplemented by intense river trans
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During 1968 the US Air Force undert
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This round-the-clock aerial effort
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SAM-7 missile near Tchepone. [50] T
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launched a counteroffensive with fo
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244 16. ^ Van Staaveren, p. 104. 17
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246 55. ^ The little known fall of
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248 • Lipsman, Samuel, Steven Wei
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A September 1966 intelligence study
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once more appeared on the list of b
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Hanoi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
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Geography Districts Hanoi comprises
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merchants, including many silk shop
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Though representing only 3.6 percen
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http://www.queencafe.com.vn/History
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workers constitute only 9% of the p
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Hang Bac also has jewelers of diffe
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structure was built over it, and fi
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Street Name: Description: 1 - Bat D
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administrative offices provide visi
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http://www.vietnamembassy-usa.org/l
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276 • Dong Da district. This is a
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The northern edge of Hai Phong city
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Halong Bay & Cat Ba National Park h
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_ba
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http://www.asia-planet.net/vietnam/
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attract many visitors every year. E
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288 • People at this stage had na
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290 • Tang Dynasty was so strong
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292 • China history since then ha
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What is now China was inhabited, po
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296 Shang Dynasty Main article: Sha
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After further political consolidati
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Sui Dynasty: Reunification Main art
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called the Pax Mongolica, adventuro
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Main article: Qing Dynasty The Qing
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German, French, US and Austrian tro
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308 • List of Neolithic cultures
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310 • Shaffer, Lynda Norene. 1996
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeli
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23 25 88 314 Gengshi 105 He Cai Lun
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1279 Battle of Yamen 1289 Francisca
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1874 1875 1876 Chefoo Convention 18
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2003 SARS outbreak 2004 Date Ruling
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322 • Xia Shang Zhou Chronology P
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The Dongs, who had all along fought
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Religion Since ancient times, the D
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Dong funeral rituals are similar to
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Like the Han, the Dong has New Year
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across the water. Corridors and kio
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Hui Ethnic Group http://library.thi
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members of the group. Use of a fort
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on collars, sleeves and trouser leg
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Crafts: The Miao people are very sk
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meat are forbidden. For those who o
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The third type, engaged in by a tin
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performed when a boy entered manhoo
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http://www.travelchinaguide.com/int
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Zhuang Minority Group http://librar
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In 1851, the Taiping Revolution, th
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Contemporary Zhuang clothing is in
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In the past, the Zhuangs had such a
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The Zhuang people are so hospitable
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Huashan Cliff Paintings http://engl
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http://www.gxtravel.com/ReadArt.asp
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http://www.kepu.net.cn/english/nati
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Liuzhou http://en.wikipedia.org/wik
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http://www.china.org.cn/english/TCC
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http://www.gxtravel.com/Culture/Rea
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Another celebrated figure in Liuzho
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374
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Most of the original culture of the
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Jian Zhen http://www.mountainsongs.
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Li River (Lijiang) http://www.china
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijian
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384
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surrounded by the Yuecheng Range ,
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388 Guilin prospered in the Tang an
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390 • Guilin Medical College (桂
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External links 392 • Guilin Map
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394 • Ling Canal, northeast of Gu
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Shenzhen, formerly known as Bao'an
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percent over the previous year. Its
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China Merchants Holdings (Internati
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Shenzhen is the candidate of People
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Hong Kong http://en.wikipedia.org/w
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A waterfall off the Chinese coast w
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New Terrorities returning to the PR
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the government's decision to subsid
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On 24 September 2005, 25 Hong Kong
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Main articles: Geography of Hong Ko
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Hong Kong consists of 18 administra
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US dollar at the rate of approximat
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diversity of the territory and inte
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schools, often run by Christian org
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424 Easter Monday 復活節星期
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426 Hong Kong's best-known building
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now used almost exclusively in Hong
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2001- World's Best Airports 05 Skyt
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432 14. ^ Monthly Averages for Hong
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Radio 434 • Radio Television of H
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Stanley was the location where the
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438 • The Old Stanley Police Stat
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The Peak Tower was designed by the
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_T
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444 • List of buildings and struc
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Name The Star Ferry makes a "star t
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448 • Official website • Star F
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