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coconut plantations, tin mining, and tourism, which is particularly lucrative on Phuket Island. Rolling and mountainous terrain and the absence of large rivers are conspicuous features of the South. North-south mountain barriers and impenetrable tropical forest caused the early isolation and separate political development of this region. International access through the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand made the South a crossroads for both Theravada Buddhism, centered at Nakhon Si Thammarat, and Islam, especially in the former Pattani kingdom on the border with Malaysia. Provinces Main article: Provinces of Thailand Thailand's regions are further divided into a total of 73 provinces. The country's provinces have the same names as their respective capitals. Climate 28 Seasonal flooding in Thailand and Cambodia poorly, which limits their agricultural potential. Thailand has a tropical monsoon climate; temperatures normally range from an average annual high of 38 °C to a low of 19 °C. Southwest monsoons that arrive between May and July (except in the South) signal the advent of the rainy season (ridu fon), which lasts into October. November and December mark the onset of the dry season. Temperatures begin to climb in January, and a hot sun parches the landscape. The dry season is shortest in the South because of the proximity of the sea to all parts of the Malay Peninsula. With only minor exceptions, every area of the country receives adequate rainfall, but the duration of the rainy season and the amount of rain vary substantially from region to region and with altitude. The Northeast experiences a long dry season, and its red, porous (laterite) soils retain water
Resources and land use Natural resources • Tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land Land use • Arable land: 34% Irrigated land o Permanent crops: 6% o Permanent pastures: 2% o Forests and woodland: 26% o Other: 32% (1993 est.) • Total: 44,000 km² (1993 est.) Environmental concerns Natural hazards Land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts (see also 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake). Current environmental issues • Air pollution from vehicle emissions • Water pollution from organic and factory wastes • Deforestation • Soil erosion • Wildlife populations threatened by illegal hunting International environmental agreements • Party to: Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone layer protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands • Signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Climate Change (Kyoto Protocol), Law of the Sea See also • Thailand • List of islands of Thailand 29
Page 1: 1 Bangkok to Beijing via Laos and V
Page 4 and 5: 2 Mekong ..........................
Page 6 and 7: 4 Liuzhou (1) .....................
Page 8 and 9: this purpose. The city briefly domi
Page 10 and 11: In early January 1941, Thailand inv
Page 12 and 13: Thailand - History (2) http://www.t
Page 14 and 15: 12 After the fall of Ayudthaya, Gen
Page 16 and 17: Thailand - History (3) http://www.a
Page 18 and 19: Thailand - Economy http://en.wikipe
Page 20 and 21: The Royal Thai Government welcomes
Page 22 and 23: 20 • production: 118,900 KW·h (2
Page 24 and 25: 22 Niger • Nigeria • Norway •
Page 26 and 27: Successive capitals, built at vario
Page 28 and 29: 26 • Total: 514 000 km² o Land:
Page 32 and 33: References 30 • This article cont
Page 34 and 35: and financial center in Southeast A
Page 36 and 37: officials, middle class professiona
Page 38 and 39: Bangkok has over 50 districts or kh
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Page 50 and 51: 48 • Images and Photos from Bangk
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Page 58 and 59: The great restoration, having taken
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Page 62 and 63: Hmong, the Mien, the Lahu and the L
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Page 66 and 67: Wiang Kum Kam was founded in a shal
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As Chiang Mai had long been a ghost
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80 Monthon Phayap In the nineteenth
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dissatisfied with officials from th
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http://www.thaifocus.com/history.ht
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Today Northern Thailand is part of
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Among the buildings on the plaza is
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was able to vanish, it could move i
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92 Ornate models at Doi Suthep Refe
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far away as the Roman Empire. This
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96 presentation - Requires 'flash e
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98 1. Originated from the east edge
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100 • Midstream On the premise th
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• References 1) The Mekong - Turb
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I first saw the Mekong 41 years ago
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China began its dam building on the
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Laos - History http://www.visit-lao
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frequent cause of uprisings. In the
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to the Pathet Lao crumbled. The Pat
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elentlessly to recover their nation
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From the very beginning, Laos seems
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traditionally consulted for the rel
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in Thailand. Prior to the twentieth
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difficult and expensive, and most L
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124 • Laos • National Biodivers
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A path against the face of the clif
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In the meantime, the Khmers founded
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130 • Thailand: Bangkok, Chiang M
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Luang Prabang - Royal Palace Museum
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Karst Formations http://en.wikipedi
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Mature karst landscapes, where more
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138 • Limestone mountains of nort
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140 Geography & Geology http://www.
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Erosion continues underground, and
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Spanish: karst (m) expuesto; karst
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Slovenian word for this very common
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part of the ground water. The surfa
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Pictured right: The end of the Rako
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Cone karst is the more common and l
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the end of winter, the cavities in
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Laos has the dubious honour of bein
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Thattaradtha originally founded a c
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160 • Pictures of Vientiane on Fl
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http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/As
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Vietnam http://www.geographia.com/v
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The most important festival of the
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was an independent era. For most of
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to remove their erstwhile allies, t
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elatively flat plateaus of basalt s
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congestion is a serious problem in
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In the socialist era, the cultural
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178 • Communist Party of Vietnam
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Vietnam - History http://www.toserc
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During the reign of King Minh Mang
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Vietnam remained internationally is
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186 Early Independence In 939 AD, t
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characters for writing official doc
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190 Meanwhile, the Nguyễ n Lords
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the Nguyễ n Lords had doubled the
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Meanwhile, in 1941 Hồ Chí Minh,
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After April 30th, 1975, an exodus o
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198 • Mesny, William. 1884. Tungk
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Republic of Vietnam United States o
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After the war and following the Jap
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The Diem era, 1955-1963 Main articl
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206 In November 1963, the U.S. emba
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In a televised address, President J
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preventing the immediate defeat of
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General Nguyen Ngoc Loan summarily
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the two nations off against one ano
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egion into the Central Highlands, s
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The first U.S. prisoners of war wer
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Main article: Ho Chi Minh Campaign
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overthrew Pol Pot's murderous regim
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Use of chemical defoliants One of t
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Vietnam Conflict, the Vietnam War,
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228 10. ^ Robert McNamara et al, Ar
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230 • Myers, Thomas. Walking Poin
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When armed conflict heated up betwe
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supplemented by intense river trans
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During 1968 the US Air Force undert
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This round-the-clock aerial effort
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SAM-7 missile near Tchepone. [50] T
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launched a counteroffensive with fo
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244 16. ^ Van Staaveren, p. 104. 17
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246 55. ^ The little known fall of
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248 • Lipsman, Samuel, Steven Wei
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A September 1966 intelligence study
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once more appeared on the list of b
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Hanoi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
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Geography Districts Hanoi comprises
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merchants, including many silk shop
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Though representing only 3.6 percen
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http://www.queencafe.com.vn/History
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workers constitute only 9% of the p
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Hang Bac also has jewelers of diffe
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structure was built over it, and fi
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Street Name: Description: 1 - Bat D
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administrative offices provide visi
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http://www.vietnamembassy-usa.org/l
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276 • Dong Da district. This is a
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The northern edge of Hai Phong city
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Halong Bay & Cat Ba National Park h
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_ba
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http://www.asia-planet.net/vietnam/
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attract many visitors every year. E
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288 • People at this stage had na
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290 • Tang Dynasty was so strong
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292 • China history since then ha
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What is now China was inhabited, po
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296 Shang Dynasty Main article: Sha
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After further political consolidati
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Sui Dynasty: Reunification Main art
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called the Pax Mongolica, adventuro
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Main article: Qing Dynasty The Qing
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German, French, US and Austrian tro
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308 • List of Neolithic cultures
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310 • Shaffer, Lynda Norene. 1996
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeli
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23 25 88 314 Gengshi 105 He Cai Lun
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1279 Battle of Yamen 1289 Francisca
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1874 1875 1876 Chefoo Convention 18
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2003 SARS outbreak 2004 Date Ruling
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322 • Xia Shang Zhou Chronology P
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The Dongs, who had all along fought
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Religion Since ancient times, the D
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Dong funeral rituals are similar to
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Like the Han, the Dong has New Year
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across the water. Corridors and kio
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Hui Ethnic Group http://library.thi
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members of the group. Use of a fort
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on collars, sleeves and trouser leg
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Crafts: The Miao people are very sk
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meat are forbidden. For those who o
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The third type, engaged in by a tin
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performed when a boy entered manhoo
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http://www.travelchinaguide.com/int
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Zhuang Minority Group http://librar
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In 1851, the Taiping Revolution, th
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Contemporary Zhuang clothing is in
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In the past, the Zhuangs had such a
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The Zhuang people are so hospitable
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Huashan Cliff Paintings http://engl
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http://www.gxtravel.com/ReadArt.asp
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http://www.kepu.net.cn/english/nati
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Liuzhou http://en.wikipedia.org/wik
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http://www.china.org.cn/english/TCC
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http://www.gxtravel.com/Culture/Rea
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Another celebrated figure in Liuzho
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374
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Most of the original culture of the
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Jian Zhen http://www.mountainsongs.
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Li River (Lijiang) http://www.china
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijian
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384
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surrounded by the Yuecheng Range ,
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388 Guilin prospered in the Tang an
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390 • Guilin Medical College (桂
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External links 392 • Guilin Map
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394 • Ling Canal, northeast of Gu
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Shenzhen, formerly known as Bao'an
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percent over the previous year. Its
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China Merchants Holdings (Internati
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Shenzhen is the candidate of People
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Hong Kong http://en.wikipedia.org/w
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A waterfall off the Chinese coast w
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New Terrorities returning to the PR
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the government's decision to subsid
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On 24 September 2005, 25 Hong Kong
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Main articles: Geography of Hong Ko
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Hong Kong consists of 18 administra
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US dollar at the rate of approximat
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diversity of the territory and inte
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schools, often run by Christian org
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424 Easter Monday 復活節星期
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426 Hong Kong's best-known building
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now used almost exclusively in Hong
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2001- World's Best Airports 05 Skyt
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432 14. ^ Monthly Averages for Hong
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Radio 434 • Radio Television of H
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Stanley was the location where the
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438 • The Old Stanley Police Stat
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The Peak Tower was designed by the
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_T
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444 • List of buildings and struc
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Name The Star Ferry makes a "star t
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448 • Official website • Star F
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