Lentil variety sowing guide 2012 - Seed Distributors

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52 Triticale variety sowing guide 2012 By Ryan Bateman, SARDI, and Rob Wheeler, SARDI The triticale variety descriptions in this publication serve as a guide to select varieties for specific end uses with disease resistance, agronomic traits and yield potential suited to a wide range of environments across South Australia. Triticale is used predominately for stock feed and has a smaller market than that of other winter cereals, as it needs to compete with barley as the preferred feed grain. Dual purpose varieties are available that are suitable for grazing and grain production in the higher rainfall areas. Triticale will grow on similar soils to wheat and barley but has developed a reputation to perform on unfavourable soil conditions such as acidic and alkaline soils and those low in fertility. Good CCN resistance in many triticale varieties offers a valuable rotation in farming systems. Resistance to stripe rust has long been a positive feature of growing triticale, however new rust strains are causing a gradual breakdown of resistance in some varieties, creating need for consideration in selecting varieties. Please refer to the latest disease guides for updated information. The newest grain varietal releases are from Kath Cooper with Yowie (2010) and Goanna (2011). Both of these varieties are mid-season, spring type, grain only triticale’s with good rust resistance and CCN resistance. Other varieties released in the past two years include the early maturing Chopper (AGT) and the dual purpose Tuckerbox (Seed Distributors). Long term yield data across sites and seasons is now available for varieties such as Bogong, Canobolas, Hawkeye, and Jaywick, with these triticale’s now outclassing the foundation varieties such as Tahara and Tickit across all environments. These varieties offer broad adaptation, high yields, and improved grain quality relative to Tahara, with all except Canobolas offering excellent rust resistance. A selected range of triticale varieties for specific purposes in different rainfall zones are shown in Table 1 including information on agronomic and disease characteristics. Table 2 contains grain yield performance data from SARDI and NVT field trials across SA grain growing districts over the past 10 years. Note that all triticale varieties have similar grain quality characteristics and livestock feed value, which are influenced more by seasonal conditions than by varietal differences. Notes on newer varieties Bogong A Bogong (tested as H127) was released by the University of New England, Armidale, in 2008. It is an early to mid season flowering (similar to Treat) fully awned, stiff strawed, grain variety with good resistance to all common field strains of rust. Bogong has not been tested for CCN resistance but is unlikely to show resistance. Bogong is a widely adapted spring variety and has been one of the top yielders over its past four seasons (~20% above Tahara) of evaluation across all environments. Bogong is protected by PBR with seed marketed by Viterra. Berkshire A Berkshire (tested as JRCT74) has been developed in collaboration with the University of Sydney and Pork CRC. Berkshire has been purpose bred for its feed quality traits for pigs. Berkshire is mid season maturity (similar to Tahara) with good straw strength but is now moderately susceptible to stripe rust. A PBR variety, seed is available from Waratah Seed Co. Ltd. Canobolas A Canobolas (tested as H418) was Ryan Bateman released by the Universtiy of New England, Armidale, in 2008. It is an early to mid season (similar to Treat), awned, stiff strawed grain variety but is now moderately susceptible – susceptible to stripe rust. Canobolas is a widely adapted spring variety that has improved acid soil tolerance. Canobolas is protected by PBR with seed marketed by Viterra. Chopper A Chopper (tested as TSA0219) was released by AGT in 2010. Chopper is a very early maturing (7-15 days earlier than Tahara), fully awned spring triticale and is seen as an alternative to Speedee offering CCN and rust resistance. It is a semi dwarf variety which is shorter than all other triticale varieties (approximately 15% shorter than Tahara) and will not lodge to the same extent as other varieties in high yielding environments. Like Speedee, Chopper performs best in short growing season environments (ie. sharp finishes) or late sowing situations. Grain quality is good and similar to other new grain releases. A PBR variety, seed is available from AGT Seeds. Goanna Goanna was released in 2011 by Cooper & Elleway as an early-medium season (similar heading time to Treat), spring type, grain only triticale, which is deemed to have good resistance to current pathotypes of leaf, stem, and stripe rust. Goanna is a fully awned, tall variety with CCN resistance, and appears to have a reliable grain production and quality (good test weight) under drier conditions . Goanna is currently under yield performance and disease evaluation in the 2011 NVT trials for the first time. Hawkeye A Hawkeye (tested as TSA0108) was released by AGT in 2007 and is a broadly adapted, mid maturing variety with high
Table 1. Agronomic and disease characteristics of triticale varieties. Variety Origin Purpose Rainfall zone and environment Height Maturity Head Type Stripe Rust yield potential and CCN resistance. It also has good resistance to all rusts and produces large grain with low screenings (similar to Tahara) and good test weight (like Treat). It is considered a higher yielding alternative to Tahara and a CCN and stripe rust resistance alternative to Kosciuszko. A PBR variety, seed is available from AGT Seeds. Jaywick A Jaywick (tested as TSA0124) was released by AGT in 2007 and is a broadly adapted, mid maturing variety with high yield potential and CCN resistance. It also has good to fair resistance to all rusts and produces large grain with low screenings and good test weight. It is considered a slightly earlier, higher yielding alternative to Tahara with good rust resistance. A PBR variety, seed is available from AGT Seeds. Rufus Rufus (tested as PT344) was released by the University of New England in 2004, as a dual purpose or hay type. It is a tall, mid-season maturity, CCN-resistant variety with wide adaptation offering good rust resistance. Trial yield results indicate a useful grain variety (table 2) but with features such as reduced awn length, good early vigour and height, there is strong interest in it as a hay or dual purpose triticale. Rufus is 2-3 days earlier than Tahara and is about 5cm taller and lodging may be a problem in very high rainfall situations. Grain yields at low CCN Resistance / Tolerance Pratylenchus neglectus Resistance / Tolerance Pratylenchus thornei Resistance / Tolerance Chopper SA Grain Good fit if short growing S-M E W/Awned MR R / MR Speedee SA Grain season/ Late sown M-T E W/Awned S-VS S / T MR-R/MT - Berkshire NSW Grain - E-M W/Awned MS^ - Bogong NSW Grain M-T M W/Awned MS - - - Canobolas NSW Grain Medium M-T M W/Awned MS-S - Goanna SA Grain rainfall T E-M W / Awned MR^ R Hawkeye SA Grain (375mm - M-T M W/Awned MR* R - - Jaywick SA Grain 500mm) M-T M W/Awned MR* R - - Rufus NSW Dual Purpose T M W/ R Awn MR-MS R / T MR-R/MT MR-R / MT Tahara VIC Grain T M W/Awned MS R / T MR-R/MT R / MT Tickit SA Grain M M W/Awned MS R / T MR / MT MR Treat SA Grain T M W/Awned MR MS / T MS - MR / MT - Yowie SA Grain M-T M W / Awned MR^ R Tuckerbox SA Dual Better suited to T M W/ R Awn MR R Purpose longer season, high Crackerjack Yukuri NSW NSW Dual Purpose Dual Purpose rainfall (450mm+) environments as a grain crop - - M M-L W/Awned W/ R Awn R-MR R-MR S Tobruk NSW Dual Purpose Endeavour NSW Dual Purpose Low rainfall (
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Page 16 and 17: 16 Table 2: Mean yield (% of Yitpi)
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Page 44 and 45: 44 Table 2. Variety characteristics
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