Biometrics - Buro Jansen & Janssen

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Smart cards are also introduced as personal identification cards at regional, national and international levels, such as in citizen cards, drivers’ licenses, patient cards. It is also becoming more common that contactless smart cards are integrated in International Civil Aviation Organisation [ICAO], biometric passports to enhance security for international travel. 3.13 Smart Card A smart card is a chip card; it can be compared with a magnetic stripe card, in which information is stored on memory chip card. The card can be secured. The cards without security are for example phone cards. The smart card is not just composed of a memory, but also of a microprocessor, which makes it possible to communicate and make calculations. Secure Access Road BV [SAR BV] also uses the smart card for its solutions. The card is being used to speed up the verification processes and ensure reliability. Moreover the cards can be used as a facility card, parking card and more. The smart card has the chip on the card. The card needs to be inserted into the reader. Moreover it can save the information in code. The smart card technology is usually used to provide further privacy assurance to the individual. Their public/ private key pair could be embedded on the smart card along with the encrypted copy if the biometric template. This means that the biometric data has been reduced to a template and not an original copy of the biometrical data. When one enrols into a biometric system, the key pair is generated and the enrolled biometric template encrypted with the public key. On entering, the enrolled biometric is decrypted by the smart card using the private key and is then uploaded to the biometric device and compared and matched. There are still vulnerabilities involved with this system. In order to break the security of the system, an attacker must substitute an encrypted version of the biometric template both within the database and within the smart card [Fleming, S.T., p. 131, 2003]. The private key must also be obtained in order to decrypt the template or break the public‐key cryptography. In order to fool the system, the attacker would have to steal the smart card and present cloned or copied biometric data to the scanner. However the risks of these attacks are lower, because the raw biometric data has never been exposed, it is always encrypted. Moreover as soon as the loss or theft of a smart card has been discovered, the encrypted biometrics can be erased. 3.14 Radio Frequency Identification The Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] is a small chip, which can be read from short distances. These information systems consisting of RFID chips exchange data with an RFID‐ reader at radio frequencies. RFIDs mostly used in logistics in order to identify cargo, is 29
currently entering into the public domain on a massive scale to recognise people. We see this technology in employee ID cards/tokens, clubs and football stadiums, the pubic transportation cards [OV‐chip card], the biometric passport, all sorts of local pay and access systems and tracking systems in amusement parks. RFID has been in use since the Second World War. Since then the market has only been growing. According to IDTEchEX 2.5 billion chips have been sold since the past sixty years, of which 600 million chips have been sold in 2005. One expects a sale of 1.3 billion chips in 2006. Main applications of RFID tags are tags in freight and smart cards. RFID is also called the ‘Internet of things’, using radio waves to automatically identify and track individual items. RFIDs are the next generation of the barcode. It creates a variety of interfaces that can directly connect computers to individual physical items and even to people [ITU, p.6‐7, 2005]. An example of one of the largest RFID networks in the world is the JOINT Asset Visibility [JTAV] network built by the US military to track military supplies globally, using RFID tags and GPS locators. RFID tags have the capability to contain almost anything from item location and pricing information to washing instructions, banking details and medical records. RFID is also being implemented under the human skin [my case study] for the purpose of authentication, location and transaction and under the consideration as a mechanism for tracking bank notes and passports. Nowadays we can see that the RFID has become a part of ordinary life: a person going to work by public transport, taking a car to shopping. The RFID displays an identity of this person to gain access to services. In return the maintainer of the RFID environment receives valuable information on this person. On access the first question is usually asked: is this person allowed here? Once the systems are implemented and the databases start running, they provide much interesting information, sometimes even more than anticipated. Profiles start to emerge on movements, spending, productivity, preferences, habits and so forth [‘t Hof, p.1, 2007]. 3.15 History of RFID Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] has been in use for many years already. It is the technology used in cats and dogs [identification chips] and electronic door keys for offices and cars. However a few years ago RFID became a hype, especially in the supply chain [Plaggenborg, p. 9, 2006]. It first emerged during the Second World War. It is a combination of radio technology and radar. The ‘identification of friend or foe’ [IFF] program saw the first type of identification tags in military aircrafts and tanks used by the British, reading units could query whether to attack or not [ITU, p.6, 2005, Jechlitschek, p. 2, 2006]. These systems and related ones send coded identification signals by radio. Thus an aircraft that sends the right signal is a friend and the rest are foe. Accordingly the radio frequency identification was born [Garfinkel, Holtzman, p. 15, 2005]. Harry Stockman was maybe the 30
Page 2 and 3: Biometrics: the Solution for a Safe
Page 4 and 5: Content Foreword...................
Page 6 and 7: Abstract We can see an increased us
Page 8 and 9: 1.3 Current Situation In order to u
Page 10 and 11: Looking from this viewpoint one can
Page 12 and 13: • What kind of feeling does it gi
Page 14 and 15: created a potential increase of sur
Page 16 and 17: In the name of terrorism certain va
Page 18 and 19: process of identification and authe
Page 20 and 21: these security systems, they are no
Page 22 and 23: 3.3 Security Procedures Biometrics
Page 24 and 25: hundred suspects. There are several
Page 26 and 27: passport photos for future use. In
Page 28 and 29: per visitor, if there are several s
Page 32 and 33: first person to explore RFID in his
Page 34 and 35: that they will communicate with any
Page 36 and 37: Disasters Another recent applicatio
Page 38 and 39: Comparison of Techniques Here is an
Page 40 and 41: 4 Methodology 4.1 Qualitative Resea
Page 42 and 43: Beach Club, I was able to interview
Page 44 and 45: • Most of the respondents didn’
Page 46 and 47: Secure Access Road B.V. usually imp
Page 48 and 49: scan”. Another boy also said: “
Page 50 and 51: 5.2 De Fakkel Swimming Culture The
Page 52 and 53: pool in Ridderkerk a small town clo
Page 54 and 55: Is the card also used for marketing
Page 56 and 57: Respondent 4: “I don’t have any
Page 58 and 59: What do you think about the biometr
Page 60 and 61: municipalities, with about 85.000 i
Page 62 and 63: How many people have the chip impla
Page 64 and 65: Client Clarissa Slingerland does th
Page 66 and 67: “We are open from Thursdays until
Page 68 and 69: How many people got themselves chip
Page 70 and 71: 2. The exercise of total state cont
Page 72 and 73: Bentham’s and Foucault’s want t
Page 74 and 75: evaluations, populist reinforcement
Page 76 and 77: complex world. Categories of race,
Page 78 and 79: though that wealth gives access to
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technologies such as: internet prio
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offender, but rather wants to secur
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iometric data is their irrevocabili
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duration of the phone call. In the
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ordinary merchants and nonprofits s
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these databases and help make promo
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since we are monitored, classified,
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discussion and going into a dialogu
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Literature Agre, P., [2003], ‘Sur
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Haaster van, F. [2003],ʹKennismaki
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Putte van der, T. & Keuning, J. [20
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Appendices Interviews Suppliers Int
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In this system the face scan is use
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We are not allowed to share the dat
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At Charles de Gaulle one was forced
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Biometrics are used for access cont
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When we think of the London bombing
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The concept works in three stages:
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several clubs have approached us an
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Normal people; boys, girls, fashion
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Interview with Patrick Vermeulen- M
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15. Bezoekers worden kenbaar gemaak
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32. Elke keer wordt ook gesproken o
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- Ik moest mijn wijsvinger eroplegg
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kom best vaak ±30 keer per jaar. 5
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13. Naar Hollywood in Rotterdam, so
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5. Ik vind het systeem erg goed - v
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11. Het is handig, omdat ze kunnen
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Wel irritant als je hier niet kan z
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Respondent 6 ‐ vrouw 1. Ridderker
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13. Ik vind het beetje doorgeslagen
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Is wel beter, maar echt voor de erg
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Irving got himself chipped to be an
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Since the opening of the Baja, 11 y
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We have the system here since Octob
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21. When did you get yourself chipp
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