National Cancer Prevention Policy - Tobacco Control Supersite

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An increased capacity to monitor epidemiological trends An increased capacity to monitor behavioural trends References Alcohol Support and conduct high quality epidemiological research further clarifying the relationship between alcohol and cancer Support and conduct high-quality behavioural research to determine if increased knowledge about the link between alcohol and cancer will affect behaviour, and what sorts of messages should be communicated in any social marketing campaigns about responsible use of alcohol Conduct research to identify barriers and enabling factors for implementation of these recommendations in general practice and other health settings Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2005. 2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: detailed findings. AIHW cat. no. PHE 66; Drug Statistics Series no. 16. Canberra: AIHW. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 1995. National Drug Strategy Household Survey: urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Supplement 1994. Canberra: AIHW. Bagnardi V, Blangiardo M, La Vecchia VC & Corrao G 2001. A meta-analysis of alcohol drinking and cancer risk. Br J Cancer 85(11): 1700–5. Blot WJ 1992. Alcohol and cancer. Cancer Res 52(7 Suppl): S2119-23. Brechot C, Nalpas B & Feitelson MA 1996. Interactions between alcohol and hepatitis viruses in the liver. Clin Lab Med 16: 273–87. Chapman K 2003. Alcohol and cancer. Unpublished document prepared on behalf of The Cancer Council NSW. Chikritzhs T & Brady M 2006. Fact or fiction? A critique of the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey 2002. Drug Alcohol Rev 25(3): 277–87. Chikritzhs T, Catalano P, Stockwell T, Donath S, Ngo H, Young D & Matthews S 2003. Australian alcohol indicators, 1990–2001: patterns of alcohol use and related harms for Australian states and territories. Perth: National Drug Research Institute. Chikritzhs T, Pascal R & Jones P 2004. Under-age drinking and related harms in Australia. National Alcohol Indicators Bulletin no. 7. Perth, National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology. Chikritzhs T, Stockwell T, Jonas H, Stevenson C, Cooper-Stanbury M, Donath S, Single E & Catalano P 2002. Towards a standardised methodology for estimating alcohol-caused death, injury and illness in Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health 26(5): 443–50. Collins D & Lapsley H 2002. Counting the cost: estimates of the social costs of drug abuse in Australia in 1998–9. National Drug Strategy Monograph Series no. 49. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care. Doll R, Forman D, La Vecchia C & Wouterson R 1999. Alcoholic beverages and cancers of the digestive tract and larynx. In Health issues related to alcohol consumption, ed. I Macdonald. London: Blackwell Science. Edwards G, Anderson P, Babor T, Casswell S, Ferrence R, Giesbrexht N, Godfrey C, Holder H, Lemmens P, Makela K, Modanik L, Norstrom T, Osterberg E, Romelsko A, Room R, Simpura J & Skog O 1995. The quantification of drug-caused morbidity and mortality in Australia. New York: Oxford University Press. National Cancer Prevention Policy 2007 – 09 11 A l c o h o l
English DR, Holman CDJ, Milne E, Hulse GK, Codde JP, Bower CI, Corti B, de Klerk N, Knuiman MW, Kurinczuk JJ, Lewin GF & Ryan GA 1995. The quantification of drug-caused morbidity and mortality in Australia 1995 edition. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health. Fillmore K, Stockwell T, Kerr W, Chikritzhs T & Bostrom A 2006. Moderate alcohol use and reduced mortality risk: systematic error in prospective studies. Addiction Res Theory 14(2): 101–32. Funk M, Wutzke S, Kaner E, Anderson P, Pas L, McCormack R, Gual A, Barfod S, Saunders J, World Health Organisation Brief Study Group 2005. A multicountry controlled trial of strategies to promote dissemination and implementation of brief alcohol intervention in primary health care: findings of a World Health Organization collaborative study. J Stud Alcohol 66(3): 379–88. Gray D, Saggers S, Sputore B & Bourbon D 2000. What works? A review of evaluated alcohol misuse interventions among Aboriginal Australians. Addiction 95(1): 11–22. Hamajima N, Hirose K, Tajima K, et al. 2002. Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer—collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58,515 women with breast cancer and 95,067 women without the disease. Br J Cancer 87(11): 1234–45. Holmwood C 2002. Alcohol-related problems in Australia: is there a role for general practice? MJA 177: 102–3. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 2007. Carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages, vol. 96 of IARC monographs. Lyon: IARC. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 1988. Alcohol drinking. Lyon: IARC. Jensen CM, Paine SL, McMichael AJ & Ewertz M 1996. Alcohol. In Cancer epidemiology and prevention. Second edition, eds D Schotterfeld & T Carroll. New York: Oxford University Press. Loxley W, Toumbourou J & Stockwell T 2005. A new integrated vision to how to prevent harmful drug use. MJA 182(2): 54–5. Loxley W, Toumbourou J, Stockwell T, Haines B, Scott K, Godfrey C, Waters E, Patton G, Fordham RJ, Gray D, Marshall J, Ryder D, Saggers S, Williams J, Sanci L (eds) 2004. The prevention of substance use, risk and harm in Australia: a review of the evidence. Canberra: National Drug Research Institute and Centre for Adolescent Health. Mathers C, Vos T & Stevenson C 1999. The burden of disease and injury in Australia. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. McCambridge J, Platts S, Whooley D & Strang J 2004. Encouraging GP alcohol intervention: Pilot study of change-orientated reflective listening. Alcohol & Alcoholism 39(2): 146–9. National Alcohol Strategy 2006. The National Alcohol Strategy 2006–2009: towards safer drinking cultures. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing. National Expert Advisory Committee on Alcohol (NEACA) 2001. National alcohol strategy: a plan for action 2001 to 2003–04. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) 2003. Dietary guidelines for Australian adults. Canberra: NHMRC. ——— 2001. Australian alcohol guidelines: health risks and benefits. Canberra: NHMRC. ——— 1996. Guidelines for preventive interventions in primary health care: cardiovascular disease and cancer. Canberra: NHMRC. Rehm J, Room R, Monteiro M, Gmel G, Graham K, Rehn N, Sempos C T, Frick U, Jernigan D 2004. Alcohol use. In Comparative quantification of health risks. Global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Volume 1, eds M Ezzati, AD Lopez, A Rodgers, CJL Murray. Geneva: World Health Organization. Ridolfo B & Stevenson C 2001. The quantification of drug-caused morbidity and mortality in Australia 1998. AIHW cat. no. PHE 29. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 11 Section One: Preventable risk factors
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National Cancer Prevention Policy 2
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The Cancer Council Australia Member
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Overweight and obesity 86 Introduct
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A b b r e v i a t i o n s AACR Aust
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T h e N a t i o n a l C a n c e r P
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increase their understanding of man
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T o b a c c o Introduction 12 Secti
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Figure 1.1 Number of Australians wh
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(16.3%) continues the trends observ
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in the longer-term future, when hea
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Tobacco products are among the top
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In 2007, given estimated costs of $
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improved regulation, by collectivel
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Tobacco control strategy for Aborig
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Australian National Tobacco Strateg
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Regulation of products Possible reg
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• • parents/carers and children
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Australia in partnership with a num
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What needs to be achieved How The C
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——— 2005. 2004 National Drug
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Schofield PE, Borland R, Hill DJ, P
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In adult life, recreational (interm
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ehaviours as a result of public edu
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Screening for melanoma There is ins
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What needs to be achieved How The C
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Autier P 2004. Issues about solaria
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N u t r i t i o n Introduction 52 S
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Table 1.4 Conclusions of the major
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It may be possible that different t
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Table 1.5 Current trends in consump
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key stakeholders (Sorensen et al. 1
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A large scale randomised controlled
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• The International Union Against
Page 67 and 68: References Nutrition Agency for Hea
Page 69 and 70: Kushi L & Giovannucci E 2002. Dieta
Page 71 and 72: Strategic Inter-Governmental Nutrit
Page 73 and 74: How physical activity is measured U
Page 75 and 76: There is consistent epidemiological
Page 77 and 78: • • Moderate-intensity physical
Page 79 and 80: to help them achieve greater and mo
Page 81 and 82: Populations Aboriginal and Torres S
Page 83 and 84: An increased capacity to monitor be
Page 85 and 86: McTiernan A, Kooperberg C, White E,
Page 87 and 88: O v e r w e i g h t a n d o b e s i
Page 89 and 90: Table 1.9 Proportion of cancer attr
Page 91 and 92: were $107.3 million in 2005, with 7
Page 93 and 94: Obese children have a 25% to 50% ch
Page 95 and 96: Table 1.10 Summary of the strengths
Page 97 and 98: more than moderately effective. The
Page 99 and 100: a screening approach particularly f
Page 101 and 102: What needs to be achieved How The C
Page 103 and 104: References Overweight and obesity A
Page 105 and 106: Gebel K, King L, Bauman A, Vita P,
Page 107 and 108: ——— 2004. SNAP: A population
Page 109 and 110: (the highest level of evidence in t
Page 111 and 112: How the amount of disease caused by
Page 113 and 114: The challenge Adults Alcohol is a s
Page 115 and 116: and healthy drinking cultures in Au
Page 117: ook’) (RACGP 2006) assists in dev
Page 122 and 123: Section Two: Screening to detect ca
Page 124 and 125: early detection improves health out
Page 126 and 127: false positive faecal occult blood
Page 128 and 129: 1987, compared to 51.3 deaths per 1
Page 130 and 131: Breast self-examination Breast self
Page 132 and 133: a significant proportion of women a
Page 134 and 135: An Australian review of the benefit
Page 136 and 137: References Breast cancer Australian
Page 138 and 139: Semiglazov VF, Manikhas AG, Moiseen
Page 140 and 141: A vaccine to prevent HPV infection
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Page 144 and 145: Recruitment Women in the target age
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Page 148 and 149: could focus on: how to use this tim
Page 150 and 151: Periodic testing is recommended, as
Page 152 and 153: participate in the initial phase; t
Page 154 and 155: likely to do so if reinvited, espec
Page 156 and 157: What we want to achieve How The Can
Page 158 and 159: P, Sivak MV & Butler H 2004. Comput
Page 160 and 161: Scholefield JH, Moss S, Sufi F, Man
Page 162 and 163: M e l a n o m a Melanoma in Austral
Page 164 and 165: Would screening be of benefit at th
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have lower levels of free PSA than
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• • a monitoring mechanism be p
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ecause surgical patients are usuall
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Klein EA 2004. Selenium and vitamin
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Section Three: Immunisation www.can
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epithelial carcinomas of the bladde
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The challenge Stigmatisation of cer
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The goals of a therapeutic vaccine
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Brinkman JA, Caffrey AS, Muderspach
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Victorian Cervical Cytology Registr
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Chronic hepatitis B infection occur
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Global Globally, an estimated two t
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The rise in HCC is thought to be as
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• • • • • • • • •
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The policy context The bleak outcom
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Aims What needs to be achieved How
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Chen DS 2005. Long-term protection
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Williams A 2002. Reduction in the h
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Authors Dr Cleola Anderiesz BSc (Ho
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Associate Professor John Kelly MDBS
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A alcohol 107 - 119 aims of The Can
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east cancer (post-menopause) 87, 88
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The National Cancer Prevention Poli
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