ict in agriculture - Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation

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CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW OF ICT IN AGRICULTURE: OPPORTUNITIES, ACCESS, AND CROSS-CUTTING THEMES Module 1: Introduction: ICT in Agricultural Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Module 2: Making ICT Infrastructure, Appliances, and Services More Accessible and Affordable in Rural Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Topic Note 2.1: Making ICTs Affordable in Rural Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Topic Note 2.2: Public Innovations in Universal Access to Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Pass ive Infrastructure Sharing in Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Turkey’s Oligopolistic Infrastructure Sharing Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Dabba’s Experience with Unlicensed Wireless Services in South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Bhutan’s Community Information Centers Adapt to the Geographical and Consumer Context. . . . . . . . 34 Topic Note 2.3: Mobile Money Moves to Rural Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 M-PESA’s Pioneering Money Transf er Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Zain Zap Promotes Borderless Mobile Commerce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Pakistan’s Tameer Microfi nance Bank for the Economically Active Poor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Txteagle Taps a Vast Underused Workforce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Topic Note 2.4: Delivering Content for Mobile Agricultural Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 First Mover Advantage Benefi ts Reuters Market Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 L ong Experience in Farm Communities Benefi ts IFFCO Kisan Sanchar Limited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 F armer’s Friend Offers Information on Demand, One Query at a Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Module 3: Anytime, Anywhere: Mobile Devices and Services and Their Impact on Agriculture and Rural Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Topic Note 3.1: Key Benefi ts and Challenges Related to Mobile Phones and Agricultural Livelihoods . . . . . . 52 Weather Forecasting Reduces Agricultural Risk in Turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Mobiles Are the Heart of Esoko’s Virtual Marketplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Topic Note 3.2: Two Typologies and General Principles for Using Mobile Phones in Agricultural Projects. . . . . 61 Mobile Service Gives Local and Global Edge to Chilean Farmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 For Reuters Market Light, the Wider Network of People Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Nokia Life Tools Uses Simple Technologies to Deliver New Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Module 4: Extending the Benefi ts: Gender-Equitable, ICT-Enabled Agricultural Development . . .71 Topic Note 4.1: Entry Points for ICT and Gender in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Community Knowledge Worker Initiative in Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 ECONOMIC AND SECTOR WORK III
IV ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY ON THE FARM CONTENTS Module 5: Increasing Crop, Livestock, and Fishery Productivity through ICT . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Topic Note 5.1: Achieving Good Farming Practices through Improved Soil, Nutrient, and Land Management . . 91 Seeing-Is-Believing Project Improves Precision Farming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Improving Nitrogen Fertilization in Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Monitoring Livestock to Prevent Pasture Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Topic Note 5.2: Preventing Yield Losses through Proper Planning and Early Warning Systems . . . . . . . . . . 103 Radio Frequency Identifi cation to Prevent and Treat Cattle Disease in Botswana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Digital Orthophoto Quads Form a Database for the Dominican Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Using Landsat to Assess Irrigation Systems in Mali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Module 6: ICTs as Enablers of Agricultural Innovation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Topic Note 6.1: ICT in the Agricultural Research Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Advances in ICTs Increase the Utility of African Sites for Testing Varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 KAINet Kenya Knowledge Network Anchored in Partnerships and Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Topic Note 6.2: Using ICT in Extension and Advisory Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Farm Radio International Involves Men and Women Farmers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 E-Extension in the USA and Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 TECA Uganda Exchange Group Offers Practical Advice for Smallholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Participatory Video and Internet Complement Extension in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Topic Note 6.3: E-learning as a Component of Agricultural Innovation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Lifelong Learning for Farmers in Tamil Nadu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Innovative E-Learning for Farmers through Collaboration and Multi-Modal Outreach . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Module 7: Broadening Smallholders’ Access to Financial Services through ICT. . . . . . . . . . 151 Topic Note 7.1: The Use of ICT-enabled Financial Services in the Rural Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Linking Conditional Cash Transfers and Rural Finance in Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 RFID Facilitates Insurance and Credit for India’s Livestock Producers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Topic Note 7.2: Policy Strategies and Regulatory Issues for ICT-enabled Rural Financial Services . . . . . . . . 163 Kenya’s DrumNet Links Farmers, Markets, and Financial Service Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 A Common Platform Delivers Financial Services to Rural India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Module 8: Farmer Organizations Work Better with ICT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Topic Note 8.1: Finding Better Marketing and Sharing Technical Information Using ICTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Zambia’s National Farmer Organization Develops SMS-Based Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Burkina Faso Farmers Use ICTs to Share New Production, Processing, and Marketing Skills . . . . . . . . 185 The SOUNONG Search Engine for Farmer Organizations in China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Topic Note 8.2: Dairy Cooperatives Lead the Way with Computerized Systems to Improve Accounting, Administration, and Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 IT Tools for India’s Dairy Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 CoopWorks Dairy and Coffee, Open-Source Software Launched in Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 ICTs Improve Marketing and Governance for Malian Coop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Topic Note 8.3: Giving Farmers a Voice and Sharing Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Community Listeners’ Clubs Empower SocialNetworks in Rural Niger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Through Radio and Television, Thai Bank Gives Rural Voices a Wider Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 ICT IN AGRICULTURE
Page 1 and 2: NOVEMBER 2011 e-SOURCEBOOK ICT IN A
Page 3: © 2011 The International Bank for
Page 7 and 8: VI IMPROVING PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISI
Page 9 and 10: VIII LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES Figure
Page 11 and 12: X LIST OF IMAGES IMAGES Image 1.1:
Page 13 and 14: XII LIST OF TABLES TABLES Table 1.1
Page 15 and 16: XIV BOXES Box 6.11: Rural Radio Let
Page 17 and 18: XVI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMEN
Page 19 and 20: XVIII GPS global positioning system
Page 22: SECTION 1 Overview of ICT in Agricu
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Page 27 and 28: 6 Importantly, ICT is not an end to
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Page 35 and 36: 14 REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING F
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34 MODULE 2 — MAKING ICT INFRASTR
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SECTION 3 Assessing Markets and Val
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206 OVERVIEW One of the best defini
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208 FIGURE 9.3: Ugandan Farmers’
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210 MODULE 9 — STRENGTHENING AGRI
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212 Greater access to information a
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214 FIGURE 9.5: ICT Inputs to Marke
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216 MODULE 9 — STRENGTHENING AGRI
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218 catalyst in each instance was t
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220 for a farmer averaged US$ 52, o
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222 TRENDS AND ISSUES Multiple and
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224 FIGURE 9.11: Traders’ Perceiv
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226 BOX 9.4: Government-Provided In
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228 To facilitate diversification,
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230 that received the Reuters Marke
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232 FIGURE 9.18: Average Tomato Sal
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234 survey also found that almost a
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236 the help of Mobile Transactions
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314 OVERVIEW MODULE 13 — STRENGTH
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316 MODULE 13 — STRENGTHENING RUR
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344 MODULE 14 — ICT FOR LAND ADMI
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346 certificates. To provide additi
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348 FIGURE 14.2: Evolution of ICT i
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350 phenomena: (1) the widespread u
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352 consequences of development. Ma
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354 the faster and more innovative
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356 The performance of land adminis
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358 At the heart of these informati
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360 2011). By allowing groups of pe
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362 MODULE 14 — ICT FOR LAND ADMI
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364 property services to previously
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366 INNOVATIVE PRACTICE SUMMARY Vie
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368 INNOVATIVE PRACTICE SUMMARY ICT
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370 access the actual geographic fe
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372 FAO (Food and Agriculture Organ
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374 Forest Governance as a Developm
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376 in the narrow sense and lacked
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378 ICT experiences in the forest s
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380 IMAGE 15.2: Long-Term Investmen
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382 MODULE 15 — USING ICT TO IMPR
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384 � Mobile phones are carried e
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386 participation, it can also serv
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388 will be more useful when it all
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390 IMAGE 15.4: POIMapping in Kenya
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392 in 2007 (http://www.meridianawa
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394 Another example of ICTs being e
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396 report incidences of corruption
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398 supply chain from the field to
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400 The system has tagged and locat
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402 Metka Metka is a development pr
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404 Digital orthophoto quads. Digit
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406 Spectrum rights. Rights to spec
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