Surimi wash water treatment by chitosan-alginate complexes

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Alhamdulillah. First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to my major professor, Dr. J. Antonio Torres, for his advice, wisdom, criticism and patience in guiding me in my doctoral program. I would like also to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to my friend and lab mate Dr. Vivek Savant who has helped me from the beginning of my research to the completion of this dissertation. Without their support I might not have been able to finish this task. My special thanks are also to Dr. Thomas Savage and Dr. Gita Cherian for their guidance on how to conduct animal studies and interpret the data. I would also like to extend my grateful appreciation to my committee members Dr. Sonia Anderson, Dr. Michel Qian, Dr. Thomas Savage, Dr. Gita Cherian and former committee Dr. Dan Selivonchick who retired two years ago. I would also like to acknowledge the Government of Indonesia for the opportunity to pursuit higher education in the USA and providing me financial support through the Participatory Development of Agricultural Technology Project (PAATP, ADB Loan No. 1526 INO) of the Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (AARD). My sincere appreciation is also extended to Oregon Sea Grant who selected me to receive the Oregon Sea Grant Natural Resource Fellowship award for FaIl 2003. This work was also supported <strong>by</strong> grant no. NA 16RG 1039 (Project no. R/SF-29) from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to the Oregon State University Sea Grant College Program. 1
Thanks also to Erika Mendehall for her assistance with phlebotomy procedures on the rats used in this study, to Dr. Christine Pastorek in the OSU Chemistry Dept. for assistance with FTIR analysis, and to Dr. Il-Shik Moon, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sun Chon National University, Korea, for providing the five <strong>chitosan</strong> samples. I am also grateful to Dr. Gonzalo Velazquez who at the right time helped me with many problems. His expertise was crucial on how to interpret FTIR spectra using the AAnalyzer software. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank to all Indonesian Family in Corvallis, specially Dr. Dwi Larso, Gogot Suharwoto, Febri Yenni, for being our friends in happiness and sadness and continuously helping me. Thanks to my Indonesian friends in PERMIAS who supported me in a very difficult time. Thanks also to Dr. Achmad Poernomo and my colleagues in Jakarta, Indonesia, for their support and patience. Finally, I owe a debt of gratitude to my wife Yun Lukita, my children Resti, Lupi and Diko. To my mother Hj. Kasmi and late father Soekandi who always support me while wondering why I have "spent so much time in school." Thanks to my brothers, my mother in law, brother and sisters in law. You are all a great supporting family. Also, thank to my best friend Ping. Lastly, to those who have not been adequately acknowledged, I apologize. 11
Page 1 and 2: AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF
Page 3 and 4: ©Copyright by Singgih Wibowo Novem
Page 5: Doctor of Philosophy dissertation o
Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .
Page 11 and 12: TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) 5.3.
Page 13 and 14: FIGURE LIST OF FIGURES viii PAGE 1.
Page 15 and 16: TABLE LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED) PA
Page 17 and 18: industries (Lian and others, 1999;
Page 19 and 20: concentrates are critical. Chitosan
Page 21 and 22: y an acetamido group, -NHCOCH3. The
Page 23 and 24: 2.2. Degree of deacetylation and mo
Page 25 and 26: exclusion chromatography but the mo
Page 27 and 28: Sugano and others (1988) reported t
Page 29 and 30: In fungi, chitin is associated with
Page 31 and 32: CRUSTACEAN SHELL dry >1 Size Reduct
Page 33 and 34: others, 1999; Tsai and Su, 1998; Ch
Page 35 and 36: Chitosan sulfonate with a sulfur co
Page 37 and 38: alginate, carrageenan and pectin by
Page 39 and 40: TABLE 2. Chitosan effectiveness in
Page 41 and 42: In the cosmetic industry, chitin, c
Page 43 and 44: digestive enzymes. Low molecular we
Page 45 and 46: might be related to the increase in
Page 47 and 48: 3. EFFECT OF CHITOSAN CONCENTRATION
Page 49 and 50: 3.2. Introduction Natural biopolyme
Page 51 and 52: Protein recovery from surimi wash w
Page 53 and 54: Aig concentration and time will pro
Page 55 and 56: 3-5). This normalization procedure
Page 57 and 58:
groups. No significant differences
Page 59 and 60:
FIGURE 4. FTIR spectra of untreated
Page 61 and 62:
TABLE 5. Normalization of selected
Page 63 and 64:
4. EFFECT OF DEGREE OF DEACETYLATIO
Page 65 and 66:
4.2. Introduction Chitosan, a parti
Page 67 and 68:
4.3. Materials and methods 4.3.1. M
Page 69 and 70:
pellet maker (Model 14-385-851, Fis
Page 71 and 72:
a, b C mg/L Chi-Aig a 20 A 40A 100
Page 73 and 74:
The complex concentration effect on
Page 75 and 76:
TABLE 10. Normalization of selected
Page 77 and 78:
FIGURE 7. FTIR spectra for chitosan
Page 79 and 80:
FIGURE 9. FTIR (a) (b, e) (c, 1) (d
Page 81 and 82:
FIGURE 11. FTIR (a) (b, e) C-,! d (
Page 83 and 84:
5. EVALUATION AS A FEED INGREDIENT
Page 85 and 86:
5.2. Introduction Seafood is becomi
Page 87 and 88:
een the main limitations (Savant, 2
Page 89 and 90:
5.3. Materials and methods Chitosan
Page 91 and 92:
Water and feed were provided ad lib
Page 93 and 94:
derivatization in a Beckman 6300 an
Page 95 and 96:
comparison of the amino acids requi
Page 97 and 98:
intake, total feed intake per body
Page 99 and 100:
TABLE 14. Effect of casein control
Page 101 and 102:
chitosan has been shown to induce w
Page 103 and 104:
6. A RAT FEEDING STUDY TO DETERMINE
Page 105 and 106:
6.2. Introduction Surimi is stabili
Page 107 and 108:
for maintenance and growth (Cheftel
Page 109 and 110:
acclimatized for 5 days on the cont
Page 111 and 112:
extraction method employing petrole
Page 113 and 114:
cumulative feed consumed per rat an
Page 115 and 116:
than the rest, thereby attesting it
Page 117 and 118:
TABLE 21. Effect of SWW feed protei
Page 119 and 120:
FIGURE 14. Effect of experimental d
Page 121 and 122:
6.6. Acknowledgement This work was
Page 123 and 124:
concentration and amino acid compos
Page 125 and 126:
110 Institute of Molecular Biology
Page 127 and 128:
Fang SW, Li CF, Shih DYC. 1994. Ant
Page 129 and 130:
Imeri AG, Knorr D. 1988. Effects of
Page 131 and 132:
116 source, chemistry, biochemistry
Page 133 and 134:
No HK, Lee KS, Meyers SP. 2000. Cor
Page 135 and 136:
120 Sannan T, Kurita K, Ogura K, Iw
Page 137 and 138:
Tsai GJ, Su WH. 1998. Extrinsic fac
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Surimi wash water treatment by chitosan-alginate complexes

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