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ceramics in energy Snapshot of 3D temperature distribution in YBCO tape during quench shows a very high local temperature gradient. A multiscale modeling approach developed at North Carolina State University helps optimize superconductor geometry and properties. materials engineering become part of the product design process.” In an earlier paper—actually Part I of a two-part series, with the abovementioned paper serving as Part II—the authors introduced a model to simulate quench propagation in micrometerscale, mixed-dimension commercial tapes. (“Mixed dimension” refers to the varying dimensions of the individual constituent layers in a commercial superconductor tape. A typical tape is comprised of a bottom layer, substrate, buffer layer, YBCO and, lastly, a silver layer, all of which is encased in a stabilizer. Each constituent contributes to the device performance and needs to be modeled accordingly.) In the Part I paper, the authors were able to demonstrate the validity of the model based on previously published results. With a valid model in hand, the authors studied how device configuration and material selection affect quench behavior, that is, to understand the trade-offs in HTS magnet design. The authors used their model to evaluate systematically seven variations of magnet design. The parameters they varied included the thicknesses of the YBCO and copper stabilizer, the material used for the substrate and stabilizer and the conductivities of the silver and buffer layers. They say in the paper that the simulations show “quench behavior is very sensitive to changes in the thickness and the electrical conductivity of the stabilizer.” Also, the normal-zone propagation velocity—the key property for quench detection—is very sensitive to YBCO thickness. The substrate material also exerts considerable influence, with a tradeoff occurring between quench behavior and mechanical properties. In conclusion the authors state, “The benefit of the approach developed here is that one can identify parameters for which relative impacts on these three key quench parameters can be optimized. … Ultimately, however, this can be incorporated into a multivariable, multiobjective design optimization process that can vary more than one parameter and also consider other aspects of magnet optimization based on the mission of the magnet in question.” This paper contains many of the features discussed as part of the new Materials Genome Initiative. Schwartz says, “The focus of [the MGI] initiative is to expedite the process that translates new discoveries in materials science into commercial products—and I think our process is an important step.” See: “Three-Dimensional Micrometer-Scale Modeling of Quenching in High-Aspect-Ratio YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ -Coated Conductor Tapes- Part II: Influence of Geometric and Material Properties and Implications for Conductor Engineering and Magnet Design,” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (doi:10.1109/ TASC.2011.2169670) The first paper describing the model is: “Three-Dimensional Micrometer- Scale Modeling of Quenching in High-Aspect-ratio YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ - Coated Conductor Tapes. Part I: Model Development and Validation,” (doi:10.1109/TASC.2010.2072956). n Tape casting of ITO for electroluminescent devices Transparent conducting oxides are used for applications such as flat panel displays, solar cells and touch panels. Commercial composition is tin-doped indium oxide, or indium tin oxide. ITO films are usually made by sputtering or physical vapor deposition. However, the Andreas Roosen group at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg is investigating a well-established forming technique—tape casting—for ITO fabrication. Tape casting is economical, scalable and is a proven way to fabricate other multilayer devices. The Roosen group made ITO slurries with varying ITO particle loads and amounts of binders, plasticizers, etc. Slurries were also prepared of the other functional layers (ZnS:Cu, BaTiO 3 and silver). ITO tapes were cast using a fixed casting head with two doctor blades onto a silicon-coated PET carrier tape. The group made several thicknesses and the green tapes were very flexible because of the binder and plasticizer contents. Binders were burned out, but the tapes were not fired. Then these investigators fabricated electroluminescent lamps—a “luminescent capacitor” —by laminating the layers in the stack in a uniaxial hot press. The optical transmission of the device was 60-70 percent, dependent on the thickness of the ITO layer. The electrical conductivity is dependent on the ratio of ITO to organic additives. The authors conclude, “Bright electroluminescence of the lamps could be observed even under bending, thus proving the functionality and applicability of the ITO tapes manufactured in the unfired state.” Details are in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society paper: “Tape Casting of ITO Green Tapes for Flexible Electroluminescent Lamps,” by Nadja Straue, Martin Rauscher, Martina Dressler and Roosen (doi:10.1111/j.1551- 2916.2011.04836.x). n 24 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 9 (Credit: Justin Schwartz, NCSU.)
36 th InternatIonal ConferenCe and exposItIon on ADvANCED CErAmICS AND ComPoSITES Jan. 22–27, 2012 | hilton daytona Beach resort and ocean Center | daytona Beach, fla., Usa organized by the american Ceramic society and the american Ceramic society’s engineering Ceramics division Meeting overview The 36 th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites is Jan. 22–27, 2012, in Daytona Beach, Fla. Programmed by ACerS’s Engineering Ceramics Division, ICACC’12 showcases cutting-edge research and product developments in advanced ceramics, armor ceramics, solid oxide fuel cells, ceramic coatings, bioceramics and more. Award and Plenary Speakers 2012 James I. Mueller Award David B. Marshall, Principal Scientist,Teledyne Scientific Company, USA Ceramic Composites for High-Temperature Aerospace Structures and Propulsion Systems 2012 Bridge Building Award Alexander Michaelis, Director, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technology and Systems, Germany Ceramics for Innovative Energy and Storage Systems American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org Register by Dec. 22, 2011 to save $150 www.ceramics.org/daytona2012 ICACC’12 programming includes 14 symposia and four focused sessions. New elements include the European Union–USA Engineering Ceramics Summit, which provides an open forum for scientists, researchers and engineers from around the world to present and exchange recent advances to ceramic science and technology, and the Global Young Investigators Forum meant to facilitate scientific discussions among young researchers and to exchange ideas essential to identify emerging global challenges. Plenary Speakers Yoshio Ukyo, Senior Fellow,Toyota Central r&D Laboratories Inc., Japan Advanced Battery materials and Technologies for Next-Generation Automobiles: Beyond Li-ion Batteries Jose A. Varela, Professor, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo State, Brazil overview of Brazilian Ceramics r&D Activities and Challenges in Design and Processing of multifunctional Ceramic materials and Systems 25
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Page 42 and 43: U.S. Index Continued Oxy-Gon Indust
Page 44 and 45: Clays and natural Minerals Andalusi
Page 46 and 47: Washington Mills electro Minerals C
Page 48 and 49: Kraft Chemical Co, IL Natl BoraXX C
Page 50 and 51: Frit Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg C
Page 52 and 53: APF Recycling Inc, OH Atlantic Equi
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Technology Assessment & Transfer (T
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