In vitro anaerobic trinitrotoluene (TNT) degradation with rumen fluid ...

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4.10 HPLC chromatograms of 2NT biotransformation productes with G.8 incubation for eighteen days 65 4.11 HPLC chromatograms and mass spectrums (Bottle B) of 2AT and biotransformation productes with G.8 incubation for eighteen days. 66 4.12 Proposed pathways for TNT transformation with G.8 incubation. 67 4.13 Progress curves for TNT transformations with lactate and nitrate as primary energy sources. 70 5.1 Schematic diagram of fixed film bioreactor 84 5.2 Nitrate conversions in different media containing several concentrations of TNT (0, 50, and 100 mg/1) and 11.7 mg/I of lactate as carbon 87 5.3 Breakthrough curve of nitrate through reactor 88 5.4 Nitrate concentrations at Sampling Port A and B before feeding TNT through reactor. 90 5.5 Mass spectrums of the metabolites in the effluents of the reactor. 91 5.6 TNT and metabolites concentrations at the effluents of bioreactor 94 I.1 Electron Microscope of G.8 in a single and group cell 108 IV.1 Chemical Structure of TNT and its metabolites. 122
Table LIST OF TABLES Page 2.1 Incubation periods of the microbes for complete TNT conversions 29 3.1 Sample conditions for examining the feasibility of rumen fluids 36 4.1 Energy source compositions and concentrations in the growth medium. 52 4.2 Energy source compositions in each bottle set 5.1 Concentration of nutrients for batch and column experiment. 80 5.2 Total physical properties of fixed-film bioreactor. 5.3 Characteristics of each feeding solution.(mM). 86 11.1 TNT derivatives Retention Times for HPLC System 110 11.2 TNT derivatives Retention Times for GC/MS System. 113 11.3 Retention Time of Anions for Ion Chromatography. 11.4 Retention Time of each compounds for Gas Partitioner. 111.1 Trace metals compositions in 500 ml of water 119 111.2 10X salts compositions in 500 ml of water. 119 N.1 Physical Properties of TNT and Its Metabolites 121 57 82 114 115
Page 1 and 2: AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Taejin
Page 3 and 4: In Vitro Anaerobic Trinitrotoluene(
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express s
Page 7 and 8: 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.2.1
Page 9: LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1 Int
Page 13 and 14: PREFACE This article is a compilati
Page 15 and 16: iological remediation of explosives
Page 17 and 18: was suspected that the azoxy compou
Page 19 and 20: ioremediation approach, subject to
Page 21 and 22: 10,14,16 02N 02 16,28 NO2 10,14,16
Page 23 and 24: Boopathy and Kulpa (3,4) used a sul
Page 25 and 26: 02N 02N 02N NO2 02 114,5,13,24 CH3
Page 27 and 28: 1.5 Discussion Based upon aerobic c
Page 29 and 30: 1.7 References 1. Aust, S.D. 1990.
Page 31 and 32: 23. Pres lan, J. E., B. B. Hatrel,
Page 33 and 34: the nitrogen source (2,5), and hydr
Page 35 and 36: 2.3.3 Analysis of the experiment Th
Page 37 and 38: 1 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Page 39 and 40: ile: >T11-ft 20. 0 500 firti AA' K.
Page 41 and 42: The major peaks of the GC/MS chroma
Page 43 and 44: 2.6 References 1. Boopathy, R. and
Page 45 and 46: 20. Williams, R. T., P. S. Ziegenfu
Page 47 and 48: observed (2, 3, 6, 11). Recently, r
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.1 Sample conditions for exa
Page 51 and 52: 3.6 References 1. Bartell R. 1989.
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 4. Trinitrotoluene (TNT) Tr
Page 55 and 56: degradation of TNT. Aerobic bacteri
Page 57 and 58: 4.2.2 Anaerobic processes Recently
Page 59 and 60: Recently, researchers have studied
Page 61 and 62:
Ethanol was used to prevent contami
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supernatant was anaerobically trans
Page 65 and 66:
4.3.5 G.8 growth experiments with v
Page 67 and 68:
E C 0.22 0.174 .0.128 9 C ° 0.082
Page 69 and 70:
GRAPH A 24 12 20 12 ro 2 8 4 0 0 20
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4.5.1 TNT transformation G.8 was in
Page 73 and 74:
4.5.3 26DNT transformation In the s
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BOTTLE A BOTTLE B BOTTLE C W.e'7131
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:MO 1,404 24404 00 :1044 14444 13a4
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BOTTLE A BOTTLE B BOTTLE C 66 44446
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4.5.6 Time course TNT transformatio
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Symbols: 0.020 0.015 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Page 85 and 86:
4.7 References 1. 2. 7 Bartell R. 1
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23. Montemagno, C. D. and R. L. Irv
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Chapter 5. Feasibility of Trinitrot
Page 91 and 92:
microorganism in full-scale bioreme
Page 93 and 94:
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometr
Page 95 and 96:
with identical physical properties
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 5.1 Schematic diagram of fix
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various times. Figure 6 also shows
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1 1 1.2 - 1.0 - 0.8 - 0.6 - 0.4 - 0
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9 8 7 rn 6 z 2 5 0 z a) 2 3 0 2 1 0
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The column experiment showed that c
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70 60 2 50 E o40 .16 700 C 0 020 10
Page 109 and 110:
11. Fernando, T., J. A. Bumpus, and
Page 111 and 112:
Chapter 6. Conclusions TNT transfor
Page 113 and 114:
7 Bibliography 1. Aust, S.D. 1990.
Page 115 and 116:
23. Klausmeier, R. E., J. L. Osmon,
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44. Wachenheim, D. E., L.L. Blythe,
Page 119 and 120:
I.1. General I. Isolation of A Rume
Page 121 and 122:
EM.1 - ct I... IA MIS EM -2 TM se -
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Table 11.1. TNT Derivatives Retenti
Page 125 and 126:
11.3 GC/MS Analysis for TNT and Int
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Ion Chromatography for Anions Analy
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III. TNT Extraction Methods and Med
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111.2. Minimal Medium Preparation t
Page 133 and 134:
III.3. Plug Reactor Medium Preparat
Page 135:
02N NO2 02N NO2 H2 CH3 NO2 NO2 2,4,
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