Human Toxicity, Environmental Impact and Legal Implications of

More documents

Recommendations

Info

HUMAN TOXICITY, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF WATER FLUORIDATION Figure 3. Vulnerable geographic locations and high risk communities to water fluoridation in Ireland. All areas idenfied as yellow are low calcium waters with the softest water located below red line due to geological bedrock found in County Cork and South Kerry. www.enviro.ie Page59
HUMAN TOXICITY, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF WATER FLUORIDATION It is likely therefore that the risk of developing health complications would increase, especially when the reactive ion fluoride is added to drinking water in low Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ areas. As fluoride interacts with both calcium and magnesium ions, the likely consequence would be acute calcium and magnesium deficiencies in sensitive groups of the population. In a recent study of the Irish population aged between 18-64 year olds, it was found that there was a significant prevalence of calcium deficiency particularly amongst women. 273 The bio-availability of fluoride and the role of calcium were also reported as a matter of some concern by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) in 2002. 274 The MRC raised serious questions as to the health risks of water fluoridation in geographic areas with low calcium and magnesium levels. It is noteworthy therefore that the highest incidence of cancer and mortality for prostrate, pancreatic and colorectal cancer in Ireland, as noted in the National Cancer Register, was found to be in County Cork. 275 A similar finding was found for incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease. 276 It is truly astonishing despite the known risks and high incidences of these diseases in populations consuming low levels of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in drinking water, that the Health Service Executive would appear to be unaware of the health risks posed to the population. If they were aware they would ensure that both elements were monitored in drinking water and more especially they would not support the addition of a known Ca 2+ andMg 2+ inhibitor being added to drinking water via water fluoridation. It is extremely alarming and disturbing that to my knowledge there is no reference in any public health reports for Ireland highlighting the health risk of low calcium and magnesium. Nor has any concern previously been raised regarding the impact of fluorine compounds being added to ‗soft‘ drinking water or the increased risk of developing serious if not fatal diseases in the population as a consequence of calcium or magnesium deficiencies. It is not surprising therefore that it has been found that the Southern region of Ireland, representing Cork City, West Cork and West Kerry, has the highest incidence of premature mortality from certain cancers and cardiovascular disease in Ireland. It is even more disturbing that the cumulative additive risk of injecting silicafluorides, containing the most reactive known chemical element fluoride, as well as its derivative compounds, into public water supplies and the inherent health risks that may be associated with this practice, have not been examined to date. Given the risks to human health this is not only unacceptable but entirely incomprehensible. 273 Irish Universities Nutrition alliance (2008), National Teens Food Survey 274 UK Medical Research Council Working Group Report: Water Fluoridation and Health, September 2002 275 National Cancer Registry Ireland: 1994-2005. 276 Ireland Take Heart Progress on the implementation of building Healthier Hearts 1999-2005, Health Service Executive. www.enviro.ie Page60
Page 2 and 3:
FEBRUARY 2012 EnviroManagement Serv
Page 4 and 5:
Mr. David J. O‘Hagan, Chief State
Page 6 and 7:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements
Page 8 and 9:
10.0 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 174 10.1 The C
Page 10 and 11:
16.5 Recommended Further Bone Studi
Page 12 and 13:
HUMAN TOXICITY, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPAC
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24: HUMAN TOXICITY, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPAC
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343:
show all

Human Toxicity, Environmental Impact and Legal Implications of

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?