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12 Development of the earth atmosphere 1) Proto-planet, gasphase H 2 , He (little CH 4 , H 2 O, NH 3 , H 2 S) Block-Kurs Luftchemie followed by dissipation of the leighter atoms Development of gravitation field and of temperature (by radioactive heating + solar radiation) followed by condensation of H 2 O, binding of H <strong>Berlin</strong>, 13-17 März 2006
13 2) Solid surface, secondairy elements: gases from the solid earth, outgassing + volcano’s CH4 , NH3 , H2O, a reducing atmosphere with H Block-Kurs Luftchemie proof: Old (3.000 - 1000 million years) Fe-layers are reduced, not oxidised vulcano’s lead to CO2 , H2O, N2 , a reducing atmosphere with O <strong>Berlin</strong>, 13-17 März 2006
Page 1 and 2: Block-Kurs Luftchemie Freie Univers
Page 3 and 4: 3 Struktur des Kurses Montag : Einf
Page 5 and 6: 5 I) Einführung und einige Basispr
Page 7 and 8: 7 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 13-
Page 9 and 10: 9 Formation and evolution of the at
Page 11: 11 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 13
Page 15 and 16: 15 3) Surface temperature at the ed
Page 17 and 18: 17 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 13
Page 19 and 20: 19 O 2 + hv → O + O O+ O 2 → O
Page 23 and 24: 23 Possible fluctuations in concent
Page 25 and 26: 25 Io : a satellite of Jupiter. Act
Page 27 and 28: 27 Block-Kurs Luftchemie The chemic
Page 29 and 30: 29 Doom-scenario I New micro-organi
Page 31 and 32: 31 Current composition of the earth
Page 33 and 34: 33 Also used, especially in air qua
Page 35 and 36: 35 Emission : Anthropogenic and/or
Page 39 and 40: 39 Ρελατιϖε Στανδαρ
Page 41 and 42: 41 Some general concepts concerning
Page 51 and 52: 51 Energy → AB + C Depiction of t
Page 53 and 54: 53 AB + hν →A + B (dissociation)
Page 55 and 56: 55 Attenuation of solar radiation i
Page 59 and 60: 59 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Stratosphe
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63 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 13
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65 III. Stratospheric chemistry Mos
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67 In addition: n 2 (O 2) >> n 1 (O
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69 Possible explanation of the over
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73 Followed by: NO + O3 NO2 + O NO2
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79 Followed by: Cl + O 3 ClO + O 2
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81 Important: Binding Cl in less re
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83 Photo-dissociation in the strato
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87 Block-Kurs Luftchemie F 11: DuPo
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89 • British Antartic Survey; 198
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91 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ‘Om het
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93 Situation Polar night: polar vor
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95 Block-Kurs Luftchemie PSC: Polar
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97 Stratospheric ozone worldwide
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99 Increase of UV-B leads to: • I
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109 Koplung Klima-änderung und Str
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111 Tropospheric ozone • 90 % of
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113 Surface-near ozone at Montsouri
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115 IV. Tropospheric chemistry Stra
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117 Example CH4 + OH H2O + CH3 CH3
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119 Reactive Hydrocarbons: RH's tra
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121 Alkynes : Example: Acethylene C
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123 NO → NO 2 → O 3 RH → Alde
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127 The formation of the OH-radical
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129 OH-radical 'discovered' by Levy
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131 Trends in the OH-concentration
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133 Loss term CH 4 + OH ~ 400 Tg/ y
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139 I) Eiszeit Methan Vor 38.000/14
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141 Tropospheric O 3-budget A. Infl
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143 ad B. Deposition flux V d depos
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145 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Calculati
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147 Dry Deposition Flux = Fs [conc.
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149 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Dry depos
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151 Dg, Dl = Moleculair Diffusion C
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153 Wet Deposition Two processes:
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155 Anthropogenic Combustion: • C
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157 Thermic NO x • N 2 + O 2 →
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159 Biogenic Emissions • Animals:
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161 The basis of atmospheric transp
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163 Required input data • Boundar
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169 Model evaluation: How reliable
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175 Critical loads of S- and N- dep
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177 Different methods: • Optimal
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179 Increase in surface ozone from
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181 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ECHAM Ber
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183 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Radiative
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185 Block-Kurs Luftchemie MOGUNTIA
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189 Block-Kurs Luftchemie 1990 (glo
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193 Aitken particles : r < 0.1 μm
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199 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Coalescen
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201 Example for in-cloud scaveging:
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Berlin, 13-17 März 2006 Block-Kurs
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209 Voerde, Germany, PM10 Metals 1%
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211 Mean Ångström coefficient (a)
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213 V) Erste Ergebnisse Modellierun
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215 Average BSOA 28 July - 13 Augus
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217 0 Average computed (LOTOS) wind
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221 Average computed (LOTOS) Black
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223 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Figure 5
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227 Gemodelleerde PM10 concentratie
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229 Verificatie van model resultate
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231 Konklusionen Modellierung von S
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233 EU-Rahmenrichtlinien Fuer SO 2
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235 Konzentrationen in der Stadt si
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239 CALCULATED RCG 45 40 35 30 25 2
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241 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Prelimina
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243 In general: Modelled concentrat
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247 IV) Schlussbemerkungen • Weit
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249 Data assimilatie AOD en PM in L
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251 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Geschatte
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253 Angebot zum EU-Brussel, eingere
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