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78 Stratospheric chlorine Methylchloride: CH3Cl (biogenic) F11 : CFCl3 (antropogenic) F12 : CF2Cl2 (antropogenic) Carbontetrachloride: CCl4 (antropogenic) Methylchloroform: CH3CCl3 (antropogenic) Example: CFCl 3 + hV Cl + CFCl 2 λ 170-190 nm Block-Kurs Luftchemie CFCl 2 + O 2 COFCl + ClO <strong>Berlin</strong>, 13-17 März 2006
79 Followed by: Cl + O 3 ClO + O 2 O + ClO Cl + O 2 O 3 + hV O + O 2 Netto: O 3 + O 3 2O 2 With Cl as catalyst Molina and Rowland: 1974 “Stratospheric sink for chlorofluormethanes: chlorine atom-catalysed destruction of ozone” Nature, vol.249, June 28, 1974, 810-812 Block-Kurs Luftchemie <strong>Berlin</strong>, 13-17 März 2006
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Block-Kurs Luftchemie Freie Univers
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3 Struktur des Kurses Montag : Einf
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5 I) Einführung und einige Basispr
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7 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 13-
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9 Formation and evolution of the at
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11 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 13
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13 2) Solid surface, secondairy ele
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15 3) Surface temperature at the ed
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19 O 2 + hv → O + O O+ O 2 → O
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23 Possible fluctuations in concent
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25 Io : a satellite of Jupiter. Act
Page 27 and 28: 27 Block-Kurs Luftchemie The chemic
Page 29 and 30: 29 Doom-scenario I New micro-organi
Page 31 and 32: 31 Current composition of the earth
Page 33 and 34: 33 Also used, especially in air qua
Page 35 and 36: 35 Emission : Anthropogenic and/or
Page 37 and 38: 37 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 13
Page 39 and 40: 39 Ρελατιϖε Στανδαρ
Page 41 and 42: 41 Some general concepts concerning
Page 51 and 52: 51 Energy → AB + C Depiction of t
Page 53 and 54: 53 AB + hν →A + B (dissociation)
Page 55 and 56: 55 Attenuation of solar radiation i
Page 59 and 60: 59 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Stratosphe
Page 65 and 66: 65 III. Stratospheric chemistry Mos
Page 67 and 68: 67 In addition: n 2 (O 2) >> n 1 (O
Page 69 and 70: 69 Possible explanation of the over
Page 73 and 74: 73 Followed by: NO + O3 NO2 + O NO2
Page 77: 77 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 13
Page 81 and 82: 81 Important: Binding Cl in less re
Page 83 and 84: 83 Photo-dissociation in the strato
Page 87 and 88: 87 Block-Kurs Luftchemie F 11: DuPo
Page 89 and 90: 89 • British Antartic Survey; 198
Page 91 and 92: 91 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ‘Om het
Page 93 and 94: 93 Situation Polar night: polar vor
Page 95 and 96: 95 Block-Kurs Luftchemie PSC: Polar
Page 97 and 98: 97 Stratospheric ozone worldwide
Page 99 and 100: 99 Increase of UV-B leads to: • I
Page 109 and 110: 109 Koplung Klima-änderung und Str
Page 111 and 112: 111 Tropospheric ozone • 90 % of
Page 113 and 114: 113 Surface-near ozone at Montsouri
Page 115 and 116: 115 IV. Tropospheric chemistry Stra
Page 117 and 118: 117 Example CH4 + OH H2O + CH3 CH3
Page 119 and 120: 119 Reactive Hydrocarbons: RH's tra
Page 121 and 122: 121 Alkynes : Example: Acethylene C
Page 123 and 124: 123 NO → NO 2 → O 3 RH → Alde
Page 127 and 128: 127 The formation of the OH-radical
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129 OH-radical 'discovered' by Levy
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131 Trends in the OH-concentration
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133 Loss term CH 4 + OH ~ 400 Tg/ y
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139 I) Eiszeit Methan Vor 38.000/14
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141 Tropospheric O 3-budget A. Infl
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143 ad B. Deposition flux V d depos
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145 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Calculati
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147 Dry Deposition Flux = Fs [conc.
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149 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Dry depos
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151 Dg, Dl = Moleculair Diffusion C
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153 Wet Deposition Two processes:
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155 Anthropogenic Combustion: • C
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157 Thermic NO x • N 2 + O 2 →
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159 Biogenic Emissions • Animals:
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161 The basis of atmospheric transp
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163 Required input data • Boundar
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169 Model evaluation: How reliable
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175 Critical loads of S- and N- dep
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177 Different methods: • Optimal
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179 Increase in surface ozone from
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181 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ECHAM Ber
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183 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Radiative
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185 Block-Kurs Luftchemie MOGUNTIA
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189 Block-Kurs Luftchemie 1990 (glo
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193 Aitken particles : r < 0.1 μm
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199 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Coalescen
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201 Example for in-cloud scaveging:
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Berlin, 13-17 März 2006 Block-Kurs
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209 Voerde, Germany, PM10 Metals 1%
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211 Mean Ångström coefficient (a)
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213 V) Erste Ergebnisse Modellierun
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215 Average BSOA 28 July - 13 Augus
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217 0 Average computed (LOTOS) wind
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221 Average computed (LOTOS) Black
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223 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Figure 5
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227 Gemodelleerde PM10 concentratie
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229 Verificatie van model resultate
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231 Konklusionen Modellierung von S
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233 EU-Rahmenrichtlinien Fuer SO 2
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235 Konzentrationen in der Stadt si
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239 CALCULATED RCG 45 40 35 30 25 2
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241 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Prelimina
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243 In general: Modelled concentrat
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247 IV) Schlussbemerkungen • Weit
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249 Data assimilatie AOD en PM in L
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251 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Geschatte
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253 Angebot zum EU-Brussel, eingere
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