THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING: MADURAI – 625 015 ...

S.No
.
THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING: MADURAI – 625 015.
(An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Anna University)
BE (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)
SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS
(For the students admitted in the academic year 2005-06)
SECOND SEMESTER
Sub.
Code Name of the subject Duration
Continuou
s
Assessme
nt
Marks
Termina
l Exam
Max
Marks
Minimum for pass
Termina Total
l
Theory
1 D21 Mathematics – I 3 30 70 100 35 50
2 D22 Electron Devices 3 30 70 100 35 50
3 D23 Basic Circuit Theory 3 30 70 100 35 50
4 D24 Applied Material Science 3 30 70 100 35 50
5 D25 Applied Chemistry 3 30 70 100 35 50
6. D26 Programming in C 3 30 70 100 35 50
Practical
7 D27 C Programming Lab 3 30 70 100 35 50
8 D28 Electron Devices and Circuits 3 30 70 100 35 50
9 D29
Lab
Workshop Practices 3 30 70 100 35 50
THIRD SEMESTER
S.No
.
Sub.
Code Name of the subject Dura
-tion
Continuou
s
Assessme
nt
Marks
Termina
l Exam
Max
Marks
Minimum for pass
Termina Total
l
Theory
1 D31 Mathematics –II 3 30 70 100 35 50
2 D32 Analog Electronics 3 30 70 100 35 50
3 D33 Linear Integrated Circuits 3 30 70 100 35 50
4 D34 Network Analysis and
3 30 70 100 35 50
5 D35
Synthesis
Signals and Systems 3 30 70 100 35 50
6. D36 Digital Circuits and Techniques 3 30 70 100 35 50
7 D39 Professional Ethics 3 30 70 100 35 50
Practical
8 D37 Analog Electronics Lab 3 30 70 100 35 50
9 D38 Linear and Digital Integrated
Circuits Lab
3 30 70 100 35 50
FOURTH SEMESTER

S.No
.
Sub.
Code Name of the subject Dura
-tion
Continuou
s
Assessme
nt
Marks
Termina
l Exam
Max
Marks
Minimum for pass
Termina Total
l
Theory
1 D41 Mathematics – III 3 30 70 100 35 50
2 D42 Microprocessors 3 30 70 100 35 50
3 D43 Analog Communication 3 30 70 100 35 50
4 D44 Engineering Electromagnetics 3 30 70 100 35 50
5 D45 Digital Signal Processing 3 30 70 100 35 50
6. D46 Digital Logic with VHDL
Design
3 30 70 100 35 50
Practical
7 D47 Analog Communication Lab 3 30 70 100 35 50
8 D48 Signals and Systems Lab. 3 30 70 100 35 50
9 D49 Professional Communication 3 50 50 100 25 50
S.No
.
FIFTH SEMESTER
Sub.
Code Name of the subject Duration
Continuou
s
Assessme
nt
Marks
Termina
l Exam
Max
Marks
Minimum for pass
Termina Total
l
Theory
1 D51 Computational Methods 3 30 70 100 35 50
2 D52 Embedded Micro Controllers 3 30 70 100 35 50
3 D53 Digital Communication 3 30 70 100 35 50
4 D54 Antenna and Wave
Propagation
3 30 70 100 35 50
5 D55 Control Systems 3 30 70 100 35 50
6. D56 CMOS VLSI Systems and
Tools
3 30 70 100 35 50
7 D59 Total Quality Management 3 30 70 100 35 50
Practical
8 D57 Microprocessor & Micro
Controller lab.
3 30 70 100 35 50
9 D58 Analog Communication Lab. 3 30 70 100 35 50
S.No
.
Theory
SIXTH SEMESTER
Sub.
Code Name of the subject Duration
Continuou
s
Assessme
nt
Marks
Termina
l Exam
Max
Marks
Minimum for pass
Termina Total
l

1 D61 Communication System
Design
3 30 70 100 35 50
2 D62 Systems Programming and
Operating systems
3 30 70 100 35 50
3 D63 Computer Networks 3 30 70 100 35 50
4 D64 Microwave Engineering 3 30 70 100 35 50
5 D65 Optical Communication and
Networks
3 30 70 100 35 50
6. D66 Data Structure with OOPS 3 30 70 100 35 50
7 D69 Environmental Science 3 30 70 100 35 50
Practical
8 D67 Microwave and Antenna Lab 3 30 70 100 35 50
9 D68 Computer Networking Lab 3 30 70 100 35 50
S.No
.
SEVENTH SEMESTER
Sub.
Code Name of the subject Duration
Continuou
s
Assessme
nt
Marks
Termina
l Exam
Max
Marks
Minimum for pass
Termina Total
l
Theory
1 D71 Wireless Communications 3 30 70 100 35 50
2 D72 Digital Signal Processing
System Design
3 30 70 100 35 50
3 D73 Digital Image Processing 3 30 70 100 35 50
4 D74 RF Systems 3 30 70 100 35 50
5 D7X Elective – 1 3 30 70 100 35 50
6. D7X Elective – 2 3 30 70 100 35 50
Practical
7 D77 DSP and FPGA Lab 3 30 70 100 35 50
8 D78 RF & Image Processing Lab 3 30 70 100 35 50
VII Semester Electives
A. Operations Research
B. Telecommunication Systems
C. Advanced Signal Processing
D. Embedded Systems
E. Medical Electronics
F. Telecom Network Management
G. Remote Sensing and GIS
EIGHTH SEMESTER

S.No
.
Sub.
Code Name of the subject Duration
Theory
1 D81 Organizational Behavior and
Management
Continuou
s
Assessme
nt
Marks
Termina
l Exam
Max
Marks
Minimum for pass
Termina Total
l
3 30 70 100 35 50
2 D8X Elective 3 3 30 70 100 35 50
3 D8X Elective 4 3 30 70 100 35 50
Practical
4 D84 Project & Viva Voce 3 30 70 100 35 50
VIII Semester Electives
A. ASIC Design
B. Machine Vision
C. Data Compression
D. Data Base Management Systems
E. Principles of Medical Imaging
F. Network Security
G. Virtual Instrumentation
THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MADURAI 625015
(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna University)
BE (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)
SUBJECTS OF STUDY
(For the students admitted in the academic year 2005-06 and after)
SECOND SEMESTER
Sub. Code Name of the Subject Regulation
L T P C
Theory
D21 Mathematics – I 3 1 0 4

D22 Electron Devices 3 1 0 4
D23 Basic Circuit Theory 3 1 0 4
D24 Applied Material Science 3 1 0 4
D25 Applied Chemistry 3 1 0 4
D26 Programming in C 3 1 0 4
Practical
D27 C Programming Lab 0 0 3 2
D28 Electron Devices and Circuits Lab 0 0 3 2
D29 Workshop Practices 0 0 3 2
Credits: 30
THIRD SEMESTER
Sub. Code Name of the Subject Regulation
L T P C
Theory
D31 Mathematics – II 3 1 0 4
D32 Analog Electronics 3 1 0 4
D33 Linear Integrated Circuits 3 1 0 4
D34 Network Analysis and Synthesis 3 1 0 4
D35 Signals and Systems 3 1 0 4
D36 Digital Circuits and Techniques 3 1 0 4
D39 Professional Ethics 3 0 0 3
Practical
D37 Analog Electronics Lab 0 0 3 2
D38 Linear and Digital Integrated Circuits Lab. 0 0 3 2
Credits: 31
FOURTH SEMESTER
Sub. Code Name of the Subject Regulation
L T P C
Theory
D41 Mathematics – III 3 1 0 4
D42 Microprocessors 3 1 0 4
D43 Analog Communication 3 1 0 4
D44 Engineering Electromagnetics 3 1 0 4
D45 Digital Signal Processing 3 1 0 4
D46 Digital Logic with VHDL Design 3 1 0 4
Practical
D47 Analog Communication Lab 0 0 3 2
D48 Signals and Systems Lab. 0 0 3 2
D49 Professional Communication 1 1 1 2
Credits: 30
FIFTH SEMESTER
Sub. Code Name of the Subject Regulation
L T P C
Theory
D51 Computational Methods 3 1 0 4
D52 Embedded Micro Controllers 3 1 0 4
D53 Digital Communication 3 1 0 4
D54 Antenna and Wave Propagation 3 1 0 4

D55 Control Systems 3 1 0 4
D56 CMOS VLSI Systems and Tools 3 1 0 4
D59 Total Quality Management 3 0 0 3
Practical
D57 Digital Communication Lab 0 0 3 2
D58 Microprocessor and Microcontroller Lab 0 0 3 2
Credits: 31
SIXTH SEMESTER
Sub. Code Name of the Subject Regulation
L T P C
Theory
D61 Communication System Design 3 1 0 4
D62 Systems Programming and Operating systems 3 1 0 4
D63 Computer Networks 3 1 0 4
D64 Microwave Engineering 3 1 0 4
D65 Optical Communication and Networks 3 1 0 4
D66 Data Structure with OOPS 3 1 0 4
D69
Practical
Environmental Science 3 0 0 3
D67 Microwave and Antenna Lab 0 0 3 2
D68 Computer Networking Lab 0 0 3 2
Credits: 31
EVENTH SEMESTER
Sub. Code Name of the Subject Regulation
L T P C
Theory
D71 Wireless Communications 3 1 0 4
D72 Digital Signal Processing System Design 3 1 0 4
D73 Digital Image Processing 3 1 0 4
D74 RF Systems 3 1 0 4
D7x Elective – 1 3 1 0 4
D7x Elective – 2 3 1 0 4
Practical
D77 DSP and FPGA Lab 0 0 3 2
D78 RF & Image Processing Lab 0 0 3 2
ELECTIVES:
H. Operations Research
I. Telecommunication Systems
J. Advanced Signal Processing
K. Embedded Systems Design
L. Medical Electronics
M. Telecom Network Management
N. Remote Sensing and GIS
Credits: 28
EIGHTH SEMESTER
Sub. Code Name of the Subject Regulation
L T P C
Theory

D81 Organizational Behavior and Management 3 1 0 4
D8x Elective 3 3 1 0 4
D8x Elective 4 3 1 0 4
Practical
D84 Project and Viva Voce. 0 0 18 12
ELECTIVES:
H. ASIC Design
I. Machine Vision
J. Data Compression
K. Data Base Management Systems
L. Principles of Medical Imaging
M. Network Security
N. Virtual Instrumentation
Question Paper Pattern
Total Number of credits to be earned: 235
Duration: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
The Question paper consists of two parts.
Answer ALL Questions
Part-A : Ten short Questions ( Question No 1 to 10)
Two from each unit
Each question carries 2 marks (10 x 2 = 20)
Part-B: Five Questions (Question No. 11 to 19 covering all units of syllabus)
Question No. 11 is compulsory and may be from any unit of the syllabus. (1 x20 =20)
Question No. 12 to 19 will be of EITHER – OR type from the remaining units
(4 x 15 =60)
Mark secured will be reduced to a maximum of 70 during processing.
Credits: 24

D21 MATHEMATICS - I
Unit-I: Multiple Integrals: Double integration - Cartesian and polar coordinates -
Change of order of integration - Area as a double integral - Triple integration in Cartesian coordinates -
Change of variables between Cartesian and polar coordinates and between Cartesian and cylindrical
spherical polar coordinates.
Unit–II: Vector Calculus: Gradient - Divergence and curl - Line, surface and volume integrals - Green’s
Theorem - Gauss divergence Theorem - Stoke’s Theorems (Without Proof) - Verification of the above
theorems and evaluation of integrals using them.
Unit–III: Analytic Functions: Function of a complex variable - Analytic function - Necessary conditions -
Cauchy Riemann equations in Cartesian and polar coordinates - Sufficient conditions (All without proof)
Properties of analytic function - Determination of harmonic conjugate by MilneThomson method -
Conformal mapping a z + b, z 2 , 1
z , e z , sin z , cos z , az�b
, Schwartz Christoffel
cz�d
transformation.
Unit–IV: Complex Integration: Statement and application of cauchy’s theorem and Cauchy’s integral
formula - Taylor and Laurent expansion - Singularities – Classification – Residues - Cauchy’s residue
theorem - Contour integration - Unit circle and semi-circular contours (excluding poles on real axis).
Unit–V: Laplace Transform: Laplace Transform - Sufficient conditions - Transforms of elementary
functions - Basic properties - Inverse transforms - Derivatives and integrals of transforms - Transforms of
derivatives and integrals - Convolution theorem - Transform of periodic functions - Laplace transform of
Dirac Delta and unit step functions - Second shifting theorem - Application to solution of linear
differential equation - constant coefficient - variable coefficient - simultaneous differential equations -
Integral equations - initial and final value theorems.
Text Books:
1. Grewal, B.S., “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Thirty Sixth Edition, Khanna Publishers, Delhi,
2001.
Reference Books:
1. Veerarajan, T., “Engineering Mathematics (for First Year),” Second Edition, Tata McGraw – Hill
Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 2002.
2. Venkataraman, M.K. ., Engineering Mathematics, Volume I,” Fourth Edition, The National Pub.
Co., Chennai, 2003.
3. Kandasamy, P., Thilagavathy, K., and Gunavathy, K., “Engineering Mathematics” Volume I,
Fourth Revised Edition, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2000.
4. Erwin Kreyszig, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, Eighth Edition John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
D22 ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS
L T P C
3 1 0 4
L T P C
3 1 0 4
Unit I : Semiconductor Diode Theory: Semiconductor Diode – Ideal Diode – Resistance Levels –
Equivalent Circuits – Transition and Diffusion Capacitances – Reverse Recovery Time – Zener Diodes -
Light Emitting Diodes – Diode Arrays – Load line analysis – Diode Approximations – Series Diode
Configurations with DC inputs – Parallel and Series-parallel Configurations – AND / OR Gates.

Unit II :BJTs - Theory & Biasing: Transistor Construction – Operation – Common Base, Common
Emitter, Common Collector Configurations – Transistor amplifying action – Operation Limits – Transistor
Testing – Operating Point – Fixed Bias – Emitter Bias – Voltage Divider Bias Circuits – Bias Stabilization.
UNIT – III: FETs - Theory & Biasing: Field Effect Transistors – Construction and Characteristics –
Transfer characteristics – Relationships- Depletion Type MOSFET – Enhancement Type MOSFET –
VMOS – CMOS – Fixed Bias, Self Bias, Voltage Divider Bias Configurations - P channel FETs –
Universal JFET Bias Curve.
UNIT-IV Other Electron Devices: Schottkey, Varactor, Power, Tunnel and Photo Diodes – Photo
Conductive Cells – IR Emitters – Liquid Crystal Displays – Solar Cells – Thermistors – SCR – Operation,
Characteristics and Applications – DIAC – TRIAC – Photo Transistors – Opto Isolators
UNIT –V Applications: Power Supplies: Capacitor Filter – RC Filter – Transistor Voltage Regulation –
IC Voltage Regulators. Diode Applications: Half Wave Rectification – Full Wave Rectification – Clippers
– Clampers – Voltage Multiplier Circuits. BJT Applications: Relay Driver – Transistor Switch – Voltage
Level Indicator .FET Applications: VVR – Timer Network – FET in Fiber Optic System - PSPICE
Simulation of CE, CE, CC Configurations.
Text Book:
Robert L.Boylested, Louis Nashelsky “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Eighth Edition, Pearson
Education Asia, 2002
Reference Books:
1. Faculty of Network Institutions, “Analog Electronics”, Project Network Engineering Series, 2004
2. David A. Bell, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall India, 1999.
3. Albert Paul Malvino, “Electronic Principles”, Tata McGraw Hill , 2002
4. Bernard Grob , “Electronic Circuits & Applications”, McGraw Hill ,1992
D23 BASIC CIRCUIT THEORY
L T P C
3 1 0 4
Unit – I: Methods of Circuit Analysis: Network graphs: Matrices associated with graphs; incidence,
fundamental cut set and fundamental circuit matrices. Solution Methods: Kirchoff voltage law – Kirchoff
current law – Mesh analysis – Super mesh analysis – Nodal analysis – Supernode analysis – Source
transformation technique – Star delta transformation.
Unit – II: Theorems in Circuit Analysis: Superposition theorem – Thevenin’s theorem – Norton’s
theorem – Reciprocity theorem – Compensation theorem – Maximum power transfer theorem – Duals and
duality Tellegen’s theorem – Millman theorem.
Unit – III: AC Analysis: Waveforms and Signals: Periodic functions – Sinusoidal functions – Time Shift
and Phase shift- Combinations of periodic Functions- Non periodic functions-Sinusoidal Steady State
Circuit Analysis: Mesh Current Method –Node Voltage Method – Network Theorems. AC Power: Power
in the Time Domain –Power in sinusoidal steady state-average or Real power – AC power in R, L and C.

Unit – IV: Coupled & Poly phase Circuits: Coupled Circuits: Mutual inductance –Coupling Coefficient –
Transformer-Tuned Coupled Circuits (Single, Double). Poly Phase Circuits: Two phase systems – Three
phase systems- Wye and Delta Systems- Phasor Voltages- Balanced & Unbalanced loads- Three phase
power – Power measurement and the two wattmeter method.
Unit – V : Transients: Differential Equations- Laplace Transform- Steady state and transient response:
DC response of RL,RC, and RLC circuits – Sinusoidal response of RL, RC and RLC circuits – Resonance:
Natural frequency and Damping Ratio- Series Resonance- Parallel Resonance- Quality Factor – Practical
LC Parallel Circuit- Series parallel conversions – Locus Diagrams.
Text Book:
1. Joseph. A.Edminister and Mahmood Nahvi, “Theory and Problems of Electric Circuits”, Tata
McGraw-Hill, 2002.
2. Jack E. Kemmerly,
William H. Hayt and Steven M. Durbin, “Engineering Circuit Analysis”, McGraw-
Hill, 2001.
Reference Books:
1. Mahmood Nahvi,
Joseph A. Edminister, William T. Smith, “Schaum's Easy Outlines: Electric
Circuits” Tata McGraw-Hill, 2004.
2. K.V.V. Murthy and M.S.Kamath, “Basic Circuit Analysis”, 1st edition (reprinted with corrections)
Jaico Publishing, 1998.
3. Robert L. Boylested, “Experiments in Circuit Analysis to Accompany Introductory Circuit Analysis”,
Prentice Hall India, 9th Edition, 2000.
4. Sudhakar A and Shyammohan SP, “Circuits and Networks – Analysis and Synthesis”, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2002.
D24 APPLIED MATERIALS SCIENCE
L T P C
3 1 0 4
Unit – I: Conducting Materials: Quantum free electron theory – theory of electrical and thermal
conductivity – Widemann Franz Law –problems-Examples of conducting materials – Cu, A1, Ag –
Structural features – Properties – applications. Super Conducting Materials: High temperature super
conducting materials – examples – RVB theory - applications – SQUID.
Unit – II: Semi Conducting Materials: Hall effect – Hall co-efficient determination – elemental
semiconductors – Group IV elements – general properties – common dopants – Group VI elements –
properties – Inter-metallic compounds – general features – properties - advantages – GaAS – InSb –
properties – structural features – applications – compound semiconductors – CdS – CdSe – CdTe –
properties – structural features – applications – Role of oxygen in conductivity – ZnO – Mg O – structural

properties – advantages.
Unit – III: Magnetic Materials: Types of magnetic materials – Weiss theory of ferro magnetism – ferro
magnetic materials Fe, Co, Ni – general properties – applications – hard and soft magnetic materials –
properties – ferrites – properties – applications. Electromagnetic smart materials: An algorithm for
synthesizing smart materials – Sensors – Actuators – Processors – Shape memory Alloys, Ni –Ti alloys,
Cu – Zn alloys – Characteristics – applications – Smart materials featuring piezo-electric elements.
Unit – IV: Dielectric Materials: Internal field – Clausius Mosotti equation-derivation – numerical
examples – ferro electricity – ferro electric materials – Ba Ti O3 – Piezo electric materials – Quartz, rock
salt – Ba Ti O3 – Insulating materials-examples. Optical Materials : Colour Centres (F & V Centres) –
Optical fibres – glass and plastic fibres – Characteristics – Structural features – applications Luminescent
and fluorescent materials – ZnS – BaS – properties and applications.
Unit – V: Characterization Techniques: Thermal Analytical techniques- TGA, DSC, DTA – X ray
Analysis – Electron beam techniques- SEM, TEM- Atomic Force Microscopy – Spectroscopic methods
-NMR, ESR, MW spectroscopy.
Text Books:
1. Charles Kittel, “Introduction to Solid State Physics”, John Wiley & Sons 1997.
2. Azaraf & Brophy, “Electronic Processes in Materials”, Mc Graw Hill 1963.
References:
1. A.M. Wahab, “Solid State Physics”, Narasha Publishing house, New Delhi, 1999.
2. M.V. Gandhi & SS Thompson, “Smart Materials & Structures”, Chapman & Hall, London 1992.
3. William David Cooper, “Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements”, Dhanpat Rai & Sons,
New Delhi 1997.
4. S.O. Pillai, “Solid State Physics”, New Age International (P) Ltd., 2000.
5. B.P. Stranghan and S. Walker, “Spectroscopy-Vol. I”, Chapman and Hall Ltd., London, 1996.
6. Belk. J.A., “Electron Microscopy and Micro Analysis of Crystalline Materials”, Applied Science
Publishers, London, 1999.
D25 APPLIED CHEMISTRY
L T P C
Unit – I: Electrochemistry: Electrode potential – Ernst equation –
3 1 0 4
Electrochemical series – Decomposition potential – Over voltage – Polarization – Reversible and
Irreversible Electrodes and Cells. Interfacial phenomenon – Zeta potential – Electro osmosis –
Electrophoresis – Streaming Potential – Dorn Effect – Electrodialysis. Electrotechnical Processes –
Electrowinning – Electrocleaning – Electropolishing - Electroforming.
Unit – II: Electroanalytical Instrumentation: Electrodes and their types – Gas, Metal and Metal
compounds – Standard and Reference - Chemically modified Electrodes – Clarke’s electrode.
Conductivity, Potential and pH measurements.– Galvanometry and Potentiometry – Pulse forms and
sequences for Voltammetry – Electron transfer and relay systems – Morphology and Particles size analysis
including Nanoparticles – X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron
Microscope methods (principles only). Radio isotopes and Radiochemistry for Clinical applications.
Unit – III: Chemistry and Applications of Advanced Materials: Conducting Polymers: Organic
conducting molecules and polymers – Preparation, properties an characterization – Conducting copolymers
– Conducting polymer composites, metals, metal oxides. Nanoparticles: Preparation – Physico-chemical

and mechanical methods – Sol-gel technique – Metals, Metal oxides – Carbon Nano Tubes. Sensors:
Types of Sensors – Chemical and Biosensors – Physical principles of function of Electrochemical and
Optical transducers.
Unit – IV: Thin Films: Formation of thin film – Vacuum evaporation, Sputtering, Gas plating,
Electroplating, Electroless plating, Silk-screening. IC Fabrication: Wafer preparation – Epitaxial growth,
Oxidation, Photolithography, Diffusion, Metallization. Etching Techniques: Surface preparation –
Resists, Photoresists – Etching Types and Processes.
Unit – V: Battery Technology: Primary Cells: Leclanche cell, Magnesium cell. Secondary Cells
(Storage Batteries): Lead-Acid accumulator, Edison Alkaline accumulator - Silver-Zinc accumulator.
Rechargeable Cells: Lithium batteries. Fuel Cells: Bischoff Fuel cell, Davtyan Water gas cell, Redox
cell, Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel cell. Photogalvanic (Solar) cells and Micro Batteries: Materials,
functioning and applications.
Text Books:
1. Samuel Glasstone, ‘An Introduction to Electrochemistry’, Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi, 1999
2. V. Subramaniam, K. Ganesan, S. Ganesh, ‘Chemistry for Engineers’, Scitech, 1999.
3. Bahl B.S., Tuli G.D., Arun Bahl, ‘Essentials of Physical Chemistry’, S.Chand & Co. Ltd., New
Delhi, 2003
Reference Books:
1. Edmund C. Potter, ‘Electrochemical Principles and Applications’, Cleaver-Hume Press Ltd., 1961
2. Philip H. Rieger, ‘Electrochemistry’, Prentice-Hall, Inc., New Jersey, 1987
3. A.J. Bard and L.R. Faulkner, ‘Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications’.
4. Terje A.Skothim, Ronald L. Elsenbaumer and John R Reynolds, ‘Hand Book of Conducting
Polymers’, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
5. R.M. Warner, ‘Integrated Circuits – Design, Principle an Fabrication’, McGraw Hill, 1984
6. Wang M.N., ‘Polymers for Electronic and Photonic Applications’, Wiley, New York, 1994
7. D.D. Sood & Sons, ‘Principles of Radio Chemistry’, Vol.1 & 2, Indian Society of Nuclear
Chemists and Allied Scientists, Mumbai, 1996
D26 Programming in C
L T P C
3 1 0 4
Unit I: Introduction to the C Language: Overview of Computer Languages - C Language and its
Advantages -The Structure of a C Program - Basic ‘C’ Programs - Debugging a C Program - Examining
and Running a C Application Program. Input/Output Management: printf() – scanf() Functions.
Unit – II: Data Types and Variables: Basic Data Types - Storage Classes. Control-Flow Statements: The
Control-flow Program Statements - Looping Statements - Expressions – operators - type casting - operator
precedence. Functions: The C Function – Argument Passing to Functions - C Standard Library Functions.
Unit III: Arrays & Structures: Arrays - Multidimensional arrays – Structures – Array of Structures –
Passing Structures to Functions – Nested Structures – Union. Strings: String –Strings operations

Unit – IV: Pointers: Pointers – Meaning and declaration – Initialization – Accessing Memory Locations –
Pointers as function parameters – Pointer Arithmetic – Pointer to functions – Pointer to a pointer – Pointers
and Arrays – Pointers and Strings – Array of Pointers and Pointers to an array. Dynamic Memory
Allocation: Dynamic Memory Allocation - malloc()- calloc() – realloc().
Unit – V: The Preprocessor and Multiple-file Compilation: The C Preprocessor Directives - The
Conditional Compilation Directives - Program Organization and Multi-file Compilation Command line
arguments &File Input/Output: Command-line arguments -File Input and Output operartions-Combining
Command-line Arguments and File I/O.
Text Book:
1. Kerninghan, B., Ritchie, D.: “The C Programming Language”, 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley,
1989
Reference Books:
1. Yashwant Kanetkar, “Let us C”, BPB Publications, 2001.
2. Balagurusamy. E, “Programming in ANSI-C”, Third Edition, 2004
D27 C PROGRAMMING LABORATORY
� Search Algorithms
� Sorting Algorithms
� Matrix Manipulations
� File Handling
� Pointers
� Interrupts
� Linked List
� Exception
� Graphics
� Solutions of Simultaneous Equations.
D28 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS LABORATORY
• Verification of Circuit Laws
L T P C
0 0 3 2
L T P C
0 0 3 2

• Verification of Network Theorems
• Resonance Circuits
• Measurement of R,L,C, Q and power factor
• V-I Characteristics of PN, Zener diode
• Wave shaping circuits
• Rectifiers
• Characteristics of field effect transistors
• Characteristics of field effect transistors
• Characteristics of unijunction transistors
• Regulators
• Simulation using PSPICE
D31 MATHEMATICS – II
UNIT – I: Fourier Series: Dirichlet’s conditions - General Fourier series - Half range sine and cosine
series - Parseval’s Identity - Harmonic Analysis - Complex form of Fourier series - Double Fourier Series -
Simple problems. (10 Periods)
UNIT – II: Fourier Transforms: Fourier integral theorem - Fourier transform - Fourier sine and cosine
transforms – properties - convolution theorem - Parseval’s identify - Introduction to Discrete Fourier
Transform - Discrete Time Fourier Transform and Fast Fourier Transform - Simple problems.
(10
Periods)
UNIT – III: Partial Differential Equations: Formation - solution of standard types of first order
equations - Lagrange’s linear equation - linear partial differential equations of second and higher order
with constant coefficient. (10
Periods)
UNIT – IV: Boundary Value Problems: Classification of second order linear partial differential equations
– One-dimensional wave equation One-dimensional heat equation, solution by Fourier series and Fourier
transform method. (10 Periods)
UNIT – V: Boundary Value Problems (contd.): Steady state solution of two dimensional heat equation in
Cartesion coordinates - Solution by Fourier series and Fourier transform method - Laplace equation in
polar coordinates - Solution by Fourier series method.
(10 Periods)
Text Book:
1 .Grewal, B.S., “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Thirty Sixth Edition, Khanna Publishers, Delhi,
2001.
Reference Books:
Veerarajan, T., “Engineering Mathematics” (For Semester III) Second Edition, Tata McGraw – Hill
Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 2002.
Venkataraman, M.K., “Engineering Mathematics”, Fourth Edition, the National Pub. Co., Chennai,
2003.
Kandasamy, P., Thilagavathy, K., and Gunavathy, K., “Engineering Mathematics”, Fourth Revised
Edition, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi. 2000.
Erwin Kreyszig, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, Eighth Edition John

Wiley & Sons, 2001.
D32 ANALOG ELECTRONICS
Unit-I BJT & FET Small Signal Analysis : Common Emitter Fixed Bias, Voltage Divider Bias, CE
Emitter-Bias, Emitter-Follower, Common –Base Configuration, Approximate hybrid Equivalent Circuit,
Complete Hybrid Equivalent Model, FET Small Signal Model, JFET-Fixed Bias ,Self Bias, Voltage
Divider, Depletion –Type MOSFETs, Enhancement-type MOSFETs, E-MOSFET- Drain Feedback
Configuration, Voltage Divider configuration, Designing FET Amplifier Networks.
(10 Periods)
Unit-II Power Amplifier: Class A Common Emitter Power Amplifier-Transformer Coupled Amplifier-
Class B Pushpull Amplifier-Amplifiers using Complementary Symmetry Class C Amplifier-Class D
Amplifier-Class S Amplifier (10 Periods)
Unit-III Feedback Amplifier: Classification of Amplifiers-Feedback Concept-Effect of Negative
Feedback-Method of analysis of feedback Amplifier-Voltage Series feedback-Current Series-Current
Shunt-Voltage Shunt Feedback Amplifier. (10 Periods)
Unit-IV Oscillators: Theory of Oscillator-Classification of Oscillators-RC Phase Shift Oscillator-Wien
Bridge Oscillator-Twin T Oscillator-Hartley Oscillator-Colpitts Oscillator-Clapp Oscillator -Armstrong
Oscillator-Frequency Stability of Oscillator-Tuned Collector Oscillator-Negative Resistance Oscillator-
Crystal Oscillators (10 Periods)
Unit-V Blocking Oscillators and Time base Generators: Pulse Transformer- Monostable Blocking
Oscillators -Emitter Timing -Base Timing, Astable Blocking Oscillators - Diode Controlled- RC
Controlled, Introduction to Sawtooth Generators-Sweep Parameters- Sawtooth Generator Circuits-UJT
Sawtooth Generators-Miller Circuits-Bootstrap Circuits-Current Time Base Generators-Linearization
Using Constant Current Circuit-Practical Transistor Current Time Base Generators.
(10 Periods)
Text Books
1. Robert L.Boylestead and Louis Nasheresky, “Electron Devices and Circuits: Theory
and Practice” 8 th Edn., PHI, 2002.( I )
1. D.L.Schilling and C.Belove, “Electronics Circuits: Discrete and Integrated”, Third Edition, 1999.
( II )
2. Millman and Halkias.C., “Integrated Electronics” Tata McGraw Hill,1991 ( III )
3. Malvino, “Electronic Principles”, Tata McGraw Hill ,5th Edn.,1996.( IV )
4. Millman J.and Taub H.,” Pulse Digital and Switching Waveform”, McGraw Hill.(V)
Reference books:
1. Faculty of Networks Institutions, “Analog Electronics”, Project Network
Engineering Series, 2004
2. David A.Bell, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, PHI, Third Edition,1998.
3. Bernard Grob,”ElectronicCircuits and Applications”,McGraw Hill,1992
D33 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Unit I: Operational Amplifier Introduction: Introduction to linear integrated circuits – Types
-developments of ICs – Basic information of op-amp -- DC Characteristics – Input offset voltage – Input
bias circuit – Input offset current – Thermal drift –AC Characteristics - Frequency response – Stability.
(10
Periods)
Unit II: Operational Amplifier Specifications: Definition of terms : Input resistance, unity – Gain B.W,
large signal voltage gain, input offset voltage, input bios current, input offset current, CMRR, output
voltage swing, slew – rate, power B.W, use of manufactures data sheets for various op-amps. Exact and
approximate output voltage due to VI0, IB and Iios, Use of compensating resister to minimize output
voltage. Input resistance for inverting, non- inverting and source follower circuits.
(10 Periods)
Unit III: Op-amp applications: Summer – Subtractor – adder and subtractor – Instrumentation amplifier –
AC amplifier- DC amplifier – V to I and I to V converters - Op-Amp circuits using diodes – sample and
hold circuit – log and antilog amplifiers- Multipliers and dividers – Differentiator and integrator.
(10 Periods)
Unit IV: Comparator, Voltage Regulators and 555 Timer: Comparator – Regenerative comparator –
Square wave generator –Monostable Multivibrator- Triangular wave generator - Sine wave generator –
Regulators – Series op-amp regulator- IC voltage regulator -723 General Purpose regulator – Switching
regulator - 555 Timer - functional diagram – Monostable and Astable operation – Schmitt trigger.
(10 Periods)
Unit V: DAC, PLL and Filters: PLL- Principle of PLL –Phase detector – VCO – Monolithic PLL- PLL
applications – Basic DAC techniques – DAC/ADC specifications – Review of filter basics – Order of
response and number poles concept – Advantages of and limitations of active filters – One op-amp
realization of single pole LP, HP, Switched capacitor filter.
(10 Periods)
Text books:
1. Stanley, “Operation Amplifiers with Linear Integrated Circuits”, 4 th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2002
2. D.Roy Choudhury and Shail Jain, “Linear Integrated Circuits” New Age international (P) Ltd.
1998.
Reference Books:
1. Ramakant A. Gayakwad, “Op- Amps and linear integrated Circuits”, Prentice Hall of India, 1997.
2. Jacob, “Applications & Design with Analog Integrated Circuits”, Reston Publications,1999
D34 NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
Unit – I: Network Analysis: Terminal ports – Network functions for one part and two port- Ladder
network – General networks – Poles and zeros of network functions- Restrictions on pole and zero
Locations for driving point functions and transfer functions – Time domain behavior from the poles and
zero plot – Stability of active networks. (10 Periods)
Unit – II: Two Port Parameters: Relationship of two port variables – Open circuit impedance parameters,
short circuit admittance parameters – Transmission (ABCD) parameters – Hybrid (h) parameters – Inverse
hybrid (h) and transmission parameters – Relationships between parameters sets parallel connection of two

port networks – T and TT representation – Lattice networks – Image parameters.
(10 Periods)
Unit – III: Network Synthesis : Hurwitz polynomials – Positive real functions- Synthesis of
reactive one port by Foster and Cauer method – Synthesis of RL & RC, and LC networks by Foster and
Cauer methods. Synthesis of Lattice Networks: Impedance equations – Synthesis of loaded and
unloaded lattice networks – Lattice decomposition . (10 Periods)
Unit – IV: Filters: Butterworth form of response – Chebyshev form of response –Frequency
transformation- First order low pass and high pass Butterworth filters – Band pass and band reject filters –
All pass filters -Higher order active filters - Design of constant – K, M – derived and composite filters.
(10 Periods)
Unit – V: Attenuators & Equalizers: Attenuators-T – type Attenuator – Type Attenuator-
Lattice Attenuator – Bridged -T attenuator - L Type Attenuator – Equalizers-Inverse Networks – Series
Equalizer – Full Series Equalizer- Shunt Equalizer – Full Shunt Equalizer- Constant Resistant Equalizer –
Bridged – T Attenuation Equalizer – Bridged –T Phase Equalizer- Lattice Attenuation Equalizer – Lattice
Phase Equalizer. (10 Periods)
Text Books:
1. M.E. Van Valken Burg, “Network Analysis”, PHI Third Edition, 1989.
2. M.E.Van Valken Burg, “Network Synthesis”, PHI ,1989.
Reference Books:
1. Umesh Sinha, “Network Analysis and Synthesis”, Satya Prakashan, 1997.
2. Sudhakar A and Shyammohan SP, “Circuits and Networks – Analysis and Synthesis”, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2001.
3. Frankelin Kuo, “ Network analysis & Synthesis”, McGrawHill, 1990
4. Ram Gayakwad, “Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits”, Prentice Hall, 4th Edition, 1999
D35 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
Unit – I: Signal and System Modeling Concepts: Introduction – Signal Models – Energy and Power
Signals – Energy and Power Signal Densities; System Modeling and Analysis in the Time Domain:
Introduction – System Modeling Concepts – Superposition Integral for fixed, Linear Systems – Impulse
Response of Fixed, Linear Systems – Superposition Integrals In terms of Step Response – Frequency
Response Function of Fixed, Linear System.
(10 Periods)
Unit – II: Fourier Series: Introduction – Trigonometric Fourier Series for Periodic Signals - Complex
Exponential Fourier Series – Symmetry Properties – Parseval’s Theorem – Steady-state response of Fixed,
Linear System ; Fourier Transform: Introduction – Fourier Integral – Energy Spectral Density – Fourier
Transform Theorems – System Analysis – Steady-state System Response.
(10 Periods)
Unit – III: Laplace Transform: Introduction – Laplace Transform Theorems – Inversion of Rational
Functions – Inverse Laplace Transform; State-Variable Techniques: Introduction – State Equations –
Time Domain Solution – Frequency Domain Solution – State Transition Matrix – State Equations for
Electrical Networks, Transfer Functions. (10 Periods)
Unit – IV: Discrete-Time Signals and Systems: Introduction – ADC – The Z-Transform – Linearity –
Initial Value and Final Value Theorem – Inverse Z-Transform -Difference Equations and Discrete-Time

System – Properties of Systems – Difference Equations – Frequency Response of Linear Discrete Time
System. (10 Periods)
Unit - V: Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT): Introduction – Comparison of DFT and Fourier Series –
Properties of DFT - Derivation of FFT – Application of FFT. (10 Periods)
Text Book:
1. Rodger E. Ziemer, William H. Tranter and D. Ronald Fannain “Signals & Systems Continuous
and Discrete”, Pearson Education 2002.
Reference Books:
1. M J Roberts, “Signals and Systems – Analysis using Transform Methods and MATLAB”,
TataMcGraw-Hill, 2003.
2. Simon Haykin, Barry Van Veen, “ Signals and Systems”, Wiley, 2 nd Edition, 2002
3. Alan V Oppenheim and Alan S. Willsky, “Signals & Systems”, Second Edition, Prentice Hall
India, 1997.
D36 DIGITAL CIRCUITS AND TECHNIQUES
Unit – I: Introduction TO Gates and Combinational Circuits: Basic digital circuits AND-OR-NAND-
NOR-EX-OR – EX – NOR operations – universal building block construction using logic gates – Boolean
Algebra – Simplification of Boolean functions – special forms of Boolean functions – min term (SOP)max
term (POS)-completely and incompletely specified switching function -. K Map representation of
Logic functions – Simplification of logic functions using K Map – Don’t care conditions – Five variable K
Maps- Quine McClusky Method - Half and Full Adders – Half and Full Subtractors
(10 Periods)
Unit – II: Sequential Circuits: Basic one bit memory cell- Flip Flop (RS, JK.D, T & Master slave JK) –
Excitation Table – clocked Flip Flop design – Edge triggered flip flops – NAND, NOR Gate Latch - Clock
Signals and Clocked Flip-Flops: SRFF, JKFF, DFF - D Latch - Asynchronous Inputs- IEEE/ANSI
Symbols- Flip-Flop Timing Considerations – Flip Flop Applications: Synchronization – Detecting
Sequence – Serial Parallel transfer – Frequency Division and Counting – Schmitt Trigger – One Shot.
(10
Periods)
Unit - III: Analysis of Synchronous Sequential Networks: Counter Design using D, SR and JKFF –
Structure Operation – Excitation and output Expressions – Transition Equation – Transition Table –
Excitation Table – State Tables and State Diagram – Mealy and Moore Model – Sequence Recognizer –
Algorithmic State Machine: ASM Chart for Sequential Recognizer – State Assignments – ASM Tables –
ASM Realization using Gates, MUX and PROM. Asynchronous Sequential Networks: Static and Dynamic
Hazards – Detection and Elimination – Hazard Free Combinational Logic Networks – Essential hazards.
(10 Periods)
Unit –IV: Registers & Counters: Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters- Counters with MOD Numbers 2 ^N.
IC Asynchronous Counters - Asynchronous Down Counter- Propagation Delay in Ripple Counters-
Synchronous (Parallel) Counters- Synchronous Down and Up/Down Counters. Presettable Counters- The
74LS193 - Decoding a Counter - Decoding Glitches - Cascading BCD Counters- Synchronous Counter
Design.- State Machines.--Integrated-Circuit Registers - Parallel In/Parallel Out, Serial In/Serial Out,
Parallel In/Serial Out and Serial In/Parallel Out Registers
(10 Periods)

Unit–V: Integrated Circuit Logic Families: Digital IC Terminology- The TTL Logic Family, Data Sheets,
Series Characteristics, Loading and Fan-Out - Other TTL Characteristics- MOS Technology- Digital
MOSFET Circuits- CMOS Logic- CMOS Series Characteristics- Low-Voltage Technology- Open
Collector/Open-Drain Outputs- Tristate (Three-State) Logic Outputs- High-Speed Bus Interface Logic- The
ECL Digital IC Family- CMOS Transmission Gate (Bilateral Switch)- IC Interfacing- TTL Driving
CMOS- CMOS Driving TTL- Analog Voltage Comparators: MSI Logic Circuits: Encoder – Decoder –
Multiplexer – Demultiplexer - Applications.
(10 Periods)
Text Book:
Ronald J. Tocci, Neal S Widmer, “Digital Systems: Principles and Applications”, Prentice Hall of
India, 9 st ed., 2003.
Reference books:
1. Donald D Givone, “ Digital Principles and Design”, Tata McGraw Hill , 2002
2. Charles H Roth Jr, “ Fundamentals of Logic Design” Thomson Learning/ Brookescole, 5 th Edition,
2004
• Voltage and Power Amplifiers
• Multistage Amplifiers
• Tuned Amplifiers
• Wideband Amplifiers
• Feedback Amplifiers
• R.C. Oscillators
• LC Oscillators
• Blocking Oscillators
• Simulation using PSPICE
D37 ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB
D38 LINEAR AND DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB
• Op-amp Characteristics
• Waveform generators
• Sample and hold circuits
• Comparators
• Op-amp Oscillators
• Realization of digital circuits
• Flip-flops
• Counters
• Shift registers
• Multiplexer and Demultiplexer
• Code converters

• Simulation of Op-amp circuits and digital logic circuits using PSPICE
D41 MATHEMATICS–III
UNIT – I: Statistics & Probability: Linear Correlation and regression Curve fitting - Method of least
squares - Continuous probability distributions - Normal, Gamma, Beta, Chi-square, Weibull, exponential
& Hyper - Geometric distribution. (10 Periods)
UNIT- II: Tests of Hypothesis: Hypothesis Testing - Testing hypothesis involving means & proportions -
Comparison of small samples & large samples - t-test - z-test - Comparison of variances - F test - Test of
goodness of fit - Chi-square test - Contingency table included.
(10 Periods)
UNIT – III: Random Processes: Classification - Stationary Process - Markov Process - Binomial Process
- Poisson Process - Sine wave Process Ergodic Process - Renewal process.
(10
Periods)
UNIT – IV: Calculus of variations: Functionals - Euler’s Equation - Functionals involving higher order
derivatives - Several dependent variables – Geodesics - Isoperimetric problems - Rayleigh - Ritz method.
(10 Periods)
UNIT – V: Boundary value problems in ODE: Use of weighted residual techniques - Ritz method -
Collocation method - Moment method - Least square technique - Galerkin’s method - Partition method -
Use of Ritz finite element method in solving BVPs in ODE - Simple problems.
(10 Periods)
Text Books:
1. T. Veerarajan, “Probability, statistics and random processes”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002 ( For unit
I, II & III)
2. Grewal, B.S., “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Thirty Sixth Edition, Khanna Publishers, Delhi,
2001. ( For unit IV)
3. M.K. Jain “Numerical Solution of Differential Equations” New Age International Publication.
2000. ( For Unit V )
D42 MICROPROCESSORS
(Common with ECE, CSE and EEE branches)
Unit I: INTEL 16 Bit Microprocessors: Register Organisation of 8086, Architecture, Physical Memory
organization, I/O addressing capability, Special Processor Activities. 8086 Instruction Set and
Assembler Directives: Addressing Modes of 8086, Instruction set of 8086, Assembler Directives and
Operators. (10 Periods)
Unit II: The Art of Assembly Language Programming with 8086: A Few Machine Level Programs
using ALP 8086, Programming with an Assembler, Programming with an Assembler, Assembly Language
example programs. Special Architectural Features and Related Programming: Introduction to Stack,
Stack Structure of 8086, Interrupt and Interrupt Service Routines, Interrupt Cycle of 8086, Non-maskable
Interrupt, Maskable Interrupt (INTR), Interrupt Programming ( Software Interrupts), MACROS
(10 Periods)

Unit III: Basic Peripherals and their Interfacing with 8086: Interfacing I/O Ports, PPI (Prog Peripheral
Interface (8255), Modes of operation of 8255. Special Purpose Programmable Peripheral Devices and
their Interfacing: Prog Interval Timer (8253), Prog Interrupt Controller (8259) INTEL 32 Bit
Microprocessors: 80386 DX –Salient Features of 80386 DX, Architecture of 80386, Register
Organization of 80386, Addressing Modes, Data types of 80386, Real Address Mode of 80386,
Protected Mode of 80386, Segmentation, Paging, Virtual 8086 Mode, Enhanced Instruction Set of 80386
(10
Periods)
Unit IV: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy: Introduction, The Basics of Cache, Measuring and Improving
Cache Performance, Virtual Memory, A common framework for Memory Hierarchies, The Pentium P4
Memory hierarchy. Storage Networks and Other Peripherals : Introduction, Disk Storage and Dependability,
Reliability and Availability, RAID, Buses and other Connections between Processors, Memory and
I/O devices – Firewire 1394, Universal Serial Bus (USB 2.0), Line Printer Interface ( LPT parallel port ),
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), The Buses and Networks of the Pentium 4, Memory controller (North
Bridge) I/O controller (South Bridge) based Intel chipsets, Interfacing I/O devices to the Processor,
Memory and Operating System, Designing an I/O systems, A Digital Camera. (10 Periods)
Unit V: Accessing and Understanding Performance: Introduction, CPU Performance and its factors,
Evaluating Performance, Two SPEC Benchmarks and the Performance of recent Intel Processors.
Enhancing Performance of Pipelining: An overview of Pipelining, basic Issues involved in Pipelining:
IA-32 based advanced Microprocessors: PENTIUM onwards: Salient features of PENTIUM, A few
relevant concepts of Computer Architecture, System Architecture, Branch Prediction , Enhanced
Instruction set of PENTIUM, MMX – multi media extension, Intel MMX architecture , MMX data types,
wrap around and saturation arithmetic, MMX Instruction Set, Comparison of Pentium PRO, Pentium II,
Pentium III and Pentium IV. (10 Periods)
TEXT BOOK: A.K.RAY, K.M. BHURCHANDI – Advanced Microprocessors and Peripherals –
Architecture , Programming and Interface – Tata McGraw Hill – 2000 – Sixteenth reprint
– UNIT I,II, III and V.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. DAVID A. PATTERSON, JOHN. L.HENNESSEY – Computer organization and Design -The
Hardware / Software Interface – ELSEVIER – Morgan Kaufmann Publishers – 2005 – Third
Edition. UNIT IV and V
2. CARL HAMACHER, ZVONKO VRANESIC, SAFWAT ZAKY – Computer Organization -
Mc Graw Hill International Student Edition - 2002 – Fifth edition
D43 ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Unit – I: Mathematical Foundation of Communication: Spectral Density – Autocorrelation – Cross
correlation – Transmission of signals through linear systems – Hilbert Transform – Pre envelope – Band
pass signals and systems – Phase and group delay – Random variables – Random process – Stationary –
Mean, Correlation and covariance function – Time averages and periodicity- Transmission of Random
processes through a linear filter – Gaussian process.
(10 Periods)
Unit – II: Amplitude Modulation: Amplitude modulation – Generation – Demodulation DSBSC
generation and detection – Quadrate carrier multiplexing – SSB generation and detection – Vestigial
sideband modulation – Frequency translation – Frequency Division Multiplexing.
(10 Periods)

Unit – III: Angle Modulation: Phase modulation and frequency modulation – Narrow band and wideband
frequency modulation – Multi tone FM waves – Transmission bandwidth of FM waves – Generation and
demodulation of FM waves – Response of linear filters to FM waves - Non linear effects in FM systems -
FM threshold effect – Preemphasis and deemphasis. (10 Periods)
Unit – IV : Pulse Analog Modulation: Low pass sampling theorem – Bandpass sampling theorem –
Sampling of bandpass signals- Practical aspect of sampling – TDM – pulse amplitude modulation – Pulse
time modulation – spectra of pulse analog modulation system. (10 Periods)
Unit – V: Noise in CW modulation: Noise – Narrowband noise – Envelope of sine wave plus SNR for
coherent reception with DSBSC Modulation, SSB Modulation – Noise in AM receivers using envelope
detection – Noise in FM reception - Noise in pulse modulation systems.
(10 Periods)
Text Books:
1. Simon Haykin, “Communication Systems”, Wiley Eastern, Fourth Edition, 2001.
Reference books:
1. Simon Haykin, “Communication Systems”, Wiley Eastern, Third Edition, 1996.
2. Leon W. Couch II, “ Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, Prentice Hall, 1997
3. Sam Shanmugam, “Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, 2 nd ed, John Wiley, 1992.
4. B. Carlson, “Introduction to Communication systems”, 3 rd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1989.
D44 ENGINEERING ELECTROMAGNETICS
Unit I: Electrostatic fields: Coulomb’s Law and Field Intensity-Electric Fields due to Continuous Charge
distribution- Electric Flux Density – Gauss Law - Applications of Gauss’s Law –Electric Potential –
Relationship between E and V - An electric dipole and flux lines-Energy Density in Electrostatic fields.
(10 Periods)
Unit II: Electric Fields in Material Space: Properties of Materials – Convection and Conduction
Currents – Conductors – Dielectric Constant & Strength – Linear, Isotropic, and Homogeneous Dielectrics
– Continuity Equation and Relaxation Time –Boundary Conditions. Electrostatic Boundary –Value
Problems: Introduction – Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations – General Procedure for solving Poisson’s or
Laplace’s equation – Resistance and capacitance.
(10 Periods)
Unit III: Magnetostatic Fields: Biot -Savart’s Law – Ampere’s Circuit Law – Applications of Ampere’s
Law- Magnetic Flux Density – Maxwell’s Equation for static EM Fields – Magnetic Scalar and Vector
Potentials-derivation of Biot – Savart’s Law and Ampere’s law. Magnetic Forces, Materials, and devices
: Forces due to magnetic fields – Magnetic Torque and moment – Magnetic dipole – Magnetization in
materials – Magnetic boundary conditions – Inductors and Inductances- Magnetic energy.
(10 Periods)
Unit IV: Maxwell’s Equations:Faraday’s law – transformer and motional EMFs – Displacement current –
Maxwell’s equations in final forms – Time varying potentials – Time harmonics fields. Electromagnetic
Wave propagation: Waves in general -wave propagation in lossy dielectrics -plane waves in lossless
dielectrics – plane waves in free space – plane waves in good conductors – power and the poynting vector

– Reflection of a plane wave at normal incidence - Reflection of a plane wave at oblique incidence.
(10 Periods)
Unit V Waveguides: Rectangular waveguides – Transverse Magnetic (TM) Modes - Transverse Electric
(TE) Modes- Wave propagation in guide – Power transmission and Attenuation – Wave guide current and
mode Excitation – Wave guide Resonators General solutions for TEM ,TE and TM waves-Attenuation due
to dielectric losses-Parallel plate wave guides –TEM modes, TE mode, TM mode-Rectangular waveguide
Circular wave guide-Coaxial Lines.
(10 Periods)
Text Book:
Matthew N.O.Sadiku, “Elements of Electromagnetics” Third Edition, Oxford University Press,
2003
References:
3. N.Narayana Rao, “Engineering Electromagnetics” Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall, 1999.
4. Fawwaz T. Ulaby, "Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics", Prentice Hall, 1997.
5. Plonus, “ Applied Electromagnetics”, McGraw Hill, 1992
D45 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Unit – I: FIR Filtering and Convolution: Block Processing Methods: Convolution, Direct Form,
Convolution Table, LTI Form, Matrix Form, Flip and Slide Form, Transient and Steady State Behavior,
Convolution of Infinite Sequences – Overlap Add Block Convolution – Sample Processing Methods – Fast
Convolution. (10 Periods)
Unit – II: Transfer Functions: Equivalent Descriptions of Digital Filters – Transfer Functions –
Sinusoidal Response – Pole Zero Designs – Deconvolution, Inverse Filters and Stability – Digital Filter
Realizations: Direct Form, Canonical Form, Cascade Form, Cascade to Canonical, Hardware Realization
and Circular Buffers – Quantization Effects in Digital Filters.
(10 Periods)
Unit – III: FIR Filter Design: Window Method: Ideal Filters, Rectangular Window, Hamming Window –
Kaiser Window for Filter Design and Spectral Analysis – Frequency Sampling Method – Problems.
(10 Periods)
Unit – IV: IIR Filter Design: Bilinear Transformation – First Order Lowpass and high pass filters –
Second-Order peaking and Notching Filters – Parametric Equalizer Filters – Comb Filters – Higher Order
Filters – Problems.
(10 Periods)
Unit - V: Signal Processing Applications: Digital Waveform Generators: Sinusoidal Generators, Periodic
Waveform Generators, Wavetable Generators – Digital Audio Effects – Noise Reduction and Signal
Enhancement.
(10 Periods)
Text Book:
1. Sophocles J. Orfanidis, “Introduction to Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall, 1996.
Reference Books:

1. Antoniou, A. “Digital filters - Analysis, Design and Applications”, McGraw-Hill
International Editions, Electrical Engineering series, 2nd. ed., 1993,
2. Sanjit K. Mitra, “Digital Signal Processing – A Computer based Approach”, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2001.
3. Vinay K Ingle and John G Proakis, “ Digital Signal Processing using MATLAB”, Brroks
Cole, 1999
4. John G Proakis, “Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms and Applications”,
Pearson Education, 1995.
5. Brian D O Anderson and John B Moore, “ Optimal Filtering”, Dover Publications, 2005
D46 DIGITAL LOGIC WITH VHDL DESIGN
UNIT I: Design Concepts : Digital Hardware - Standard Chips Programmable Logic Devices – Custom –
Designed Chips – Design Process – Design of Digital Hardware – Basic Design Loop – Design of a Digital
hardware Unit – Introduction to CAD tools – Design - Entry Synthesis – Functional Simulation –
Introduction to VHDL – Representation of Digital Signals in VHDL – Writing Simple VHDL Code – How
Not to Write VHDL Code. (10 Periods)
UNIT II: Optimized Implementation of Logic Functions : Karnaugh Map – Strategy for Minimization –
Minimization of Product – of - Sums Forms – Incompletely Specified Functions – Multiple – output
Circuits – NAND and NOR Logic Networks – Multilevel Synthesis – Analysis of Multilevel Circuits –
Cubical Representation – Minimization using Cubical Representation – Practical Considerations – CAD
Tools. (10 Periods)
UNIT III: Combinational Circuit Building Blocks : Multiplexers – Decoders – Encoders – Code
Converters – Arithmetic Comparison Circuits – VHDL for Combinational Circuits-Assignment statements-
Selected signal assignment-Conditional signal assignment-Generate statements-Process statement-Case
statement. (10 Periods)
UNIT IV: Flip-Flops, Registers and Counters : Basic Latch – Gated SR Latch - Gated SR Latch with
NAND Gates – GATED D Latch – Master-Slave And Edge – Triggered D Flip-Flops – T Flip-Flop – JK
Flip-Flop – Summary Of Terminology- Resisters – Counters – Using Storage Elements With CAD Tools –
Using Registers and Counters with CAD Tools – Design Examples.
(10 Periods)
UNIT V: Synchronous Sequential Circuits: Basic Design Steps – State Assignment Problem – Mealy
State Model – Design of FSM Using CAD tools VHDL Code for Moore-type FSMs- Synthesis of VHDL
Code – Simulating and Testing the Circuit – Serial Adder Example – State Minimization – Counter Design
– FSM as an arbiter Circuit – ASM Charts. (10 Periods)
Text Book:
1. Stephen Brown and Zvonko Vranesic, “Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design” Tata
McGraw Hill edition, 2001.
Reference Books:
1. Navabi, “VHDL Modelling”, McGraw Hill, 1997
2. J.Bhaskar, “VHDL Primer”, Pearson Education, 1999.
D47 ANALOG COMMUNICATION LAB

• Amplitude modulation & Detection.
• Frequency modulation & Detection.
• DSB-SC Generation & Detection
• SSB Generation & Detection
• Automatic Gain Control.
• Voltage controlled oscillator
• Narrow Band Noise Generation
• Pulse Analog modulation (PAM,PWM and PDM)
• Study of PLL characteristics
• Frequency Response of equalizer
• Digital Phase detector.
• Simulation using MATLAB
D48 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS LAB
• Generation of Standard Discrete Time Signals
• Generation of Random Sequences
• Linear Time Invariant systems – Properties
• Z-transform – Discrete time structures
• Frequency Domain Analysis (DTFT, DFT)
• Sampling and Reconstruction
• Digital Filter Design (IIR and FIR)
D51 COMPUTATIONAL METHODS
UNIT I: Curve fitting and theory of equations: Empirical laws and curve fitting – linear law – method
of group averages – principle of Least squares – fitting straight line, parabola, exponential curve – method
of moments - theory of equations– Relation between the roots and coefficients of the polynomial equation
– equations with real coefficients and imaginary roots – equations with rational coefficients and irrational
roots – symmetric functions of the roots – Transformation of equations – Reciprocal equations.
(10 periods)
UNIT II: Solution of equations: Solution of numerical algebraic and transcendental equations- The
Bisection method – Iteration method –Regula Falsi method – Newton-Raphson method – Horner’s method
– Solution of Simultaneous Linear Algebraic equations-Gauss elimination method- Gauss-Jordan method
– Crout’s method – Gauss Jacobi method-Gauss Seidel method – Relaxation method.
(10 periods)
UNIT III : Difference calculus: Finite differences – Forward , backward and central difference operator –
shifting operator – Properties and Relation between operators– Interpolation – Newton’s forward and
backward difference interpolation formula – Gauss forward and backward difference interpolation formula
–- Bessel’s, Laplace and Everett formula.
(10 periods)
UNIT IV : Interpolation, numerical differentiation and integration: Interpolation with unequal
intervals - Divided differences – Newton’s divided difference formula – Lagrange’s interpolation formula

– inverse interpolation - Numerical differentiation - Newton’s forward and backward differentiation
formula – Numerical Integration– The trapezoidal rule – Simpson’s 1/3 rd and 3/8 th rule – Difference
equations – Solution of Linear homogeneous difference equation with constant coefficients.
(10 periods)
UNIT V: Numerical solution of differential equation: Numerical solutions of ordinary differential
equations –Taylor series method – Picards method – Euler’s methods – Fourth order Runge Kutta method
–Milne’s and Adam’s Predictor – Corrector methods – Numerical solution of partial differential equations
– classification of partial differential equations – Solution of elliptic equation by Leibmann’s method –
Solution of parabolic equation by Bender- Schmidt method – Solution of hyperbolic equation.
(10 periods)
MATLAB : Tool Kits-The course content will be augmented by the usage of Mat Lab tool box.
Text Book :
• Curtis F. Gerald, Patrick O. Wheatly, “Applied Numerical Analysis”, Sixth Edition, Pearson
Education, New Delhi, 2002.
Reference Books:
1. John H. Mathews, Kurtis D.Fink., “Numerical Methods using MATLAB”, Prentice Hall, 1998.
2. Rober J. Schilling, Sandra L. Harries, “Applied Numerical Methods for Engineers using
MATLAB and C”, Thomson Brooks / Cole, 1999.
3. Jain. M.K, Iyengar, S.R.K, Jain, R.K, “Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering
Computation”, Fourth Edition, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi, 2003.
4. Sastry, S.S, “Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis”, Prentice Hall of India, 2001.
5. Kandasamy. P, Thilagavathy. K and Gunavathy.K, “Numerical Methods”, S.Chand and
Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2003.
D52 EMBEDDED MICROCONTROLLERS
Unit-I: Introduction: The 8051 architecture-8051 microcontroller hardware-Input/output-ports and
circuits-External memory-counters and timers-serial input/output-Interrupts.
(10 periods)
Unit-II: Moving Data & Instruction: Moving data-introduction - Addressing modes-external data movescode
memory-Read only data moves-Push& pop coding –Data exchange – logical operation-Arithmetic
operation-Jump& call instructions.
(10 periods)
Unit-III: 8051 microcontroller design/application: A Microcontroller design-Testing the design-Timing
subroutines-lookup tables for the 8051.Lead per key keyboard interfacing- LCD interfacing-Multiple
interrupts.
(10 periods)
Unit-IV: PIC Microcontroller: CPU architecture and instruction sets: Hardware architecture and
pipelining –program memory consideration - Register file structure and Addressing modes-CPU register
-Instruction set-Loop time subroutine, Timer2 and Interrupts: Timer2 use-interrupt logic-Timer2 Scalar
Initialization. External interrupts and Timers: Timer0 Compare/capture mode -Timer1/CCP

programmable period scalar. Timer1 and sleep mode- PWM O/P – Port B change interrupts.
(10 periods)
Unit-V: I2C bus for Peripheral chip access: I2C Bus operation-subroutine-DAC output-serial EEPROM-
Temperature sensor. Analog to Digital converter: ADC characteristics and use UART: Baud rate
selection-UART Data handling circuitry- UART initialization. Assembler/Compiler and Interpreter:
Elements of assembly Language programming- a simple assembly scheme – Pass structure for assemblersa
single/two pass assembler for PC – Compilers-Aspects of compilation- Memory allocation- compilation
of control structures- code optimization-Interpreters.
(10 periods)
Text books:
1. Kennath J.Ayala, “The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture, Programming and Application”, 2 nd
edition (Unit I,II,III)
2. John B Pitman, “Design with PIC Microcontrollers”, Pearson Education Asia, Low Price edition
2002.(Unit IV,V)
3. D.M.Dhamdhere, “Systems Programming and Operating Systems”, Tata McGraw Hill-Second
Revised Edition 1997. (Unit V)
Reference Books:
1. A.K.RAY, K.M.BHURCHANDI, “Advanced Microprocessors and Peripherals- Architecture,
Programming and Interface”, Tata Mc Graw Hill-2000 16 th Reprint .
2. Myke Predko, “Programming and Customizing the 8051 Microcontroller”, Tata McGrawHill –
2000
3. 8051 Intel Data books Year 1998.
4. Micro chip/PIC Microcontroller Data Books-2004.
D53 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
Unit – I: Source coding: Information, Entropy and uncertainty - source coding theorem- Huffman coding
– Discrete memoryless channels – mutual information – channel capacity – channel coding theorem –
differential entropy & mutual information for continuous Ensembles- Channel capacity Theorem.
(10 Periods)
Unit – II: Channel coding: Error control coding – Rationale for coding and types of codes –Linear block
codes – cyclic codes – convolutional codes – Maximum Likelihood Decoding of convolutional codes –
Distance properties of convolutional code – Sequential decoding of convolutional codes – Trellis codes –
Applications.
(10 Periods)
Unit – III: Waveform coding Technique and Baseband Shaping: Pulse Code Modulation, Noise
considerations in PCM systems, Robust Quantization, Delta Modulation, Delta-sigma modulation,
Differential pulse code modulation – Intersymbol Interference, Nyquist criterion, correlative level coding –
Eye Pattern
(10 Periods)
Unit – IV: Detection and Estimation: Pass band Transmission model, Gram Schmidt orthogronalization
procedure, Geometric Interpretation of signals, Response of bank of correlators to a noisy input, Coherent

detection of signals in noise, Probability of error correlation Receiver, Matched Filter - Detection of
signals with unknown phase
(10 Periods)
Unit – V: Digital Modulation Techniques: Coherent binary PSK, Coherent binary FSK, Coherent
QPSK, Coherent MSK, Noncoherent orthogonal modulation, Noncoherent Binary FSK, Differential PSK
– Comparison of binary and Quarternary modulation schemes - Pseudo noise sequences, A notion of
spread spectrum direct sequence spread spectrum, Signal space dimensionality and processing Gain,
Probability of error, Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum, Code Division Multiplexing.
(10 Periods)
Text Book:
Simon Haykin, “Digital Communications”, John Wiley & Sons, Pvt. Ltd., 2001
Reference Books:
1. John G. Proakis, “ Digital Communication”, Tata McGraw Hill 1995
2. Bernard Sklar, “Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications”, 2 nd Edition, Prentice
Hall, 2001
3. John R Barry, Edward Lee and David G. Messerschmitt, “Digital Communication”, 3 rd Edition.
Springer, 2003.
D54 ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
Unit I : Antenna fundamentals and Parameters: Introduction -Types of antennas-Radiation mechanismcurrent
distribution-Radiation pattern-power density-radiation intensity-directivity-gain-antenna efficiencybeamwidth
--bandwidth-polarization-radiation efficiency-effective aperture-Friss equation and radar range
equation-antenna temperature-Far field radiation-duality theorem.
(10 Periods)
Unit II: Linear wire and Loop antennas: Linear wire antenna- Infinitesimal dipole-small dipole-finite
length dipole- Half wavelength dipole, Loop antenna- Circular loop antenna of constant current-ferrite
loop.
(10 Periods)
Unit III: Arrays- Planar and Linear: Two-element array - N element linear array-uniform spacing and
amplitude-broadside, end-fire, phased array-N element linear array directivity and characteristics-N
element linear array-uniform spacing and non-uniform amplitude-planar array-circular array.
(10 Periods)
Unit IV: Traveling wave and Broadband Antennas: Folded dipole, V antenna, Rhombic antenna,
Helical antenna, Yagi-uda array of linear elements- Spiral antenna-Log periodic antenna. Concept of Horn
antenna-Parabolic reflector, Antenna measurement- radiation pattern, far and near field measurement-
Anechoic chamber.
(10 Periods)
Unit V: Wave propagation: Fundamental equation for free space propagation—modes of propagationstructure
of atmosphere and characteristics-sky wave propagation-effects of Earths magnetic field-
Application of Bartree magnetic ionic formula-Hartree formula-effective dielectric constant and
conductivity of the ionosphere and collision frequency –lowest Usable frequency-Skip distance-Optimum
working frequency-ionospheric Abnormalities – Multi hop propagations - space wave propagation -Duct
propagation.

(10 Periods)
Text Books:
1. Constantine A,Balanis “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design”, John Wiley Publishers, 2003.
(Unit I - IV)
2. K.D.Prasad “Antenna and Wave Propagation”, Satya prakashan, 1996. (Unit V)
Reference Books:
1. John D.Kraus "Antennas”, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2002
2. H.Griffiths, J.Encianas, A.Papiernik & Serge Drabowitch “Modern Antennas”, Chapman & Hall,
1998.
D55 CONTROL SYSTEMS
UNIT- I:- Linear control systems - Open loop, closed loop - Servo mechanism - Sampled data and digital
control systems - Multivariable control systems - Mechanical , Translational and Rotational systems -
Transfer Function - Analogy with electric systems - Simple thermal and hydraulic systems - Effects of feed
back - Control system components - AC and DC Servomotor - Stepper motor - Synchros.
(10 Periods)
UNIT – II:-Transfer function - Block diagram - Signal flow graph; Time domain analysis - Standard test
signals - First and second order system’s response for different input signals; Type and order of the
systems; Static and generalized error coefficients.
(10 Periods)
UNIT III: Stability – Routh - Hurwitz stability criterion – Construction of root locus diagram – Root
Contours – Relative stability.
(10 Periods)
UNIT IV: Frequency Response - Correlation between time and frequency domain analysis, Polar plots,
Bode plots, Experimental determination of transfer function, Constant M and N circles - Nichol's chart -
Nyquist stability criterion – Relative stability.
(10 Periods)
UNIT V: State and state variables - Physical, phase and canonical variables - state equation -State
transition matrix and its solution - Eigen values and vectors - Controllability - Observability.
(10 Periods)
Text Book:
I.J.Nagrath and M.Gopal, “Control Systems Engineering’, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1993.
Reference Books:
1. K. Ogata, “Modern Control Engineering”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1982.
2. J.D. Azzo and C.H. Houpis, “Linear control system analysis and design”, McGraw Hill Book Co.,
1988.
D56 CMOS VLSI SYSTEMS AND TOOLS
Unit I : Overview of VLSI: Complexity and Design – MOSFETs as switches – Basic Logic Gates in
CMOS – Complex Logic Gates in CMOS –Transmission Gate circuits - CMOS Layers - Designing FET
Arrays.
(10 Periods)

Unit II : MOS Physics: nFET Current-Voltage Equations – The FET RC Model – pFET Characteristics –
DC characteristics of CMOS Inverter – Inverter Switching Characteristics – Power Dissipation –
Transmission Gates and Pass Transistors.
(10 Periods)
Unit III : CMOS Circuits: Pseudo-NMOS – Tri-State Circuits – Clocked CMOS – Dynamic CMOS
Logic circuits – Interconnect Delay Modelling - Crosstalk – Floorplaning and Routing – Input and Output
circuits – Power distribution and consumption – Low Power Design Considerations
(10 Periods)
Unit IV: Clocking and Testing: CMOS clocking styles – Pipelined systems – System Design
Considerations – Reliability and Testing of VLSI circuits – General Concepts – CMOS testing – Test
Generation Methods.
(10 Periods)
Unit V: VLSI Systems Specifications and Components : Systems Specifications – Structural Gate Level
Modeling – Switch Level Modeling – Design Hierarchy – Behavioral and RTL Modeling – Multiplexer –
Binary Decoders – priority Encoders – Latches – Flip Flops and Registers – Arithmetic Circuits in CMOS
VLSI: Adders and Multipliers
(10 Periods)
Text Book:
1. John P.Uyemura, “Introduction to VLSI Circuits and systems”, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
2. Sjohoem & Lindh, "VHDL for Designers”, Prentice Hall, 1997.
Reference book:
1. Neel H.E.Weste Eshraghian, “Principles of CMOS VLSI Design”, Addison Wesley, 1999
2. Keng, Lable Bick, “CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits”, Tata McGraw Hill,1999.
3. Smith, “Application Specific Integrated Circuits”, Addison Wesley, 1997.
4. Mukherjee, “Introduction NMOS and CMOS VLSI System Design”, PH 1986.
5. Douglas A.Pucknell & K.Eshranghian, “Basic VLSI Design”, PHI 3 rd edition 1994.
D57 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LABORATORY
• Pulse code modulation Techniques
• Delta Modulation
• ASK Transmission and Reception
• PSK Generation and Detection
• Quadrature phase shift keying
• Differential phase shift keying
• Uniform Quantizer
• Matched filter.
• Gold Sequence Generation.
• Scrambler & un scrambler
• Cyclic codes
• Convolutional Codes
• Direct sequence spread spectrum
• BER Analysis of Digital Modulation Schemes using MATLAB
D58 MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB

Microprocessor Experiments (8086 Using MASM)
• 16 bit arithmetic operation.
• Code conversion.
• BIOS service program.
• Sorting algorithm.
• Multibyte Packed BCD addition & subtraction
Microcontroller Experiments (8051)
• Logic controller interface.
• Traffic Light Interface.
• ADC/DAC Interface.
• Stepper motor Interface.
• Digital Clock/keyboard interfacing.
• Timers-Serial interface using interrupts.
• Experiments using Keil Cross C compiler.
Microcontroller Experiments (PIC using Cross C compilers)
• PIC Binary /BCD counter
• I/O Controller Interface.
D61 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM DESIGN
Unit I: Pulse Amplitude Modulation: Baseband PAM - One Shot Minimum Distance Receiver -
Minimum Distance Sequence Detection - Performance Analysis in AWGN - Orthogonal Modulation -
Orthogonal PAM - Modulation with Memory.
(10 Periods)
Unit II: Advanced Modulation and Detection: - M-ary Modulation - Probability of Error Bandwidth and
Signal Dimensionality - Capacity and Modulation -Detection of a Single Real-Valued Symbol - Detection
of a Signal Vector - Known Signals in Gaussian Noise - ML Sequence Detection with the Viterbi
Algorithm - A Posteriori Probability Detection with BCJR - Symbol Error Probability for MLSD -
Incoherent Detection - Shot Noise Signal with Known Intensity.
(10 Periods)
Unit – III: Equalization: Optimal zero-forcing Equalization – Generalized Equalization methods –
Fractionally spaced Equalizer – Transversal filter equalizers – ISI & channel capacity – Adaptive
equalization – constrained complexity Equalizers – Adaptive Linear Equalizer – Adaptive DFE -
Adaptive Fractionally spaced equalizer – pass band Equalization.
(10 Periods)
Unit IV: Error Control and Signal Space Coding: Capacity Penalty of Binary coding - Binary Linear
Block codes - Convolutional Codes - Low Density Parity-Check Codes - Turbo Codes Signal Space
Coding: Multidimensional Signal Constellations - Trellis Codes - Coset Codes – Signal Space Coding and
ISI.
(10 Periods)

Unit – IV:: Synchronization – Ideal continuous Time PLL – discrete Time PLL – Phase detectors –
variations on a theme: VCOs – carrier Recovery –Decision directed carrier recovery – Power of N carrier
recovery. Timing recovery – spectral line methods – MMSE timing Recovery and approximations – Baud
rate timing recovery – Accumulation of timing Jitter.
(10 Periods)
Text Books:
John R Barry, Edward Lee and David G. Messerschmitt, “Digital Communication”, 3 rd Edition.
Springer, 2003.
Reference Books:
4. John G. Proakis, “ Digital Communication”, Tata McGraw Hill 1995
5. Bernard Sklar, “Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications”, 2 nd Edition, Prentice
Hall, 2001
Simon Haykin, “Digital Communications”, John Wiley & Sons, Pvt. Ltd., 2001
D62 SYSTEMS PROGRAMMING AND OPERATING SYSTEMS
UNIT I :Assemblers, Compilers and Interpreters: Elements of Assembly language programming – a
simple assembly scheme – Pass structure for assemblers – Design of Two pass assemblers – A single pass
Assembler for IBM PC – Compilers – Aspects of Compilation – Memory Allocation – Compilation of
Control Structures – Code Optimization – Interpreters
(10 Periods)
UNIT II: Introduction to OS: OS as an extended machine - as an Resource Manager - generation of OS -
Operating System concepts– Different types of OS - Operating System Services – System Calls – System
Programs – System Structures – System Design and Implementation
(10 Periods)
UNIT III: Processes: Process concept – Process scheduling - Operation on Process – Co-operating
Processes – Inter-Process Communication –Threads overview -Multi-threading models. CPU Scheduling:
CPU scheduling – Basic concepts – Scheduling criteria – Scheduling Algorithms – Multiple processor
scheduling – Real-time scheduling – Algorithm evaluation
Process Synchronization: Critical Section Problem – Synchronization hardware –Semaphores – Classical
problems of Synchronization .Deadlocks: System model - Deadlock Characterization – Methods for
handling Deadlocks – Deadlock Prevention – Deadlock avoidance – Deadlock detection- Recovery from
Deadlock
(10 Periods)
UNIT IV: - Memory Management: Background – Swapping – Contiguous Memory Allocation – Paging
– Segmentation – Segmentation with Paging Virtual Memory: Virtual memory – Demand Paging – Page
Replacement - Allocation of Frames – Thrashing – Other considerations. File Systems Interface: File
system concepts – Access Methods –Directory Structure – File system mounting – File Sharing –
Protection. File Systems Implementation: File system Structure, File systems Implementation – Directory
Implementation – Allocation methods – Free space Management.
(10 Periods)
Unit V : - I/O systems: Overview – I/O hardware – Application I/O interface – kernel I/O subsystem –
Transforming I/O to Hardware operations. Mass- storage structures: Disk structures – Disk scheduling –

Disk Management- Swap- space management – RAID Structure. Case Studies: The Linux System –
Design principles – Kernel Modules – process management – scheduling – memory management – File
systems – Input and Output – Inter- Process communication -Examples of Real Time Operating
Systems : POSIX compliance in Windows 2000 Operating systems
(10 Periods)
Text Books:
1. D.M.Dhamdhere , Systems Programming and Operating Systems Tata McGraw Hill - Second
Revised Edition 1997 (Unit I )
2. Silberschatz, Galvin, Gagne - Operating Systems Concepts – Sixth edition – John Wiley &
Sons – Indian edition –2002 (Unit II, III, IV and V)
Reference Book:
Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems – Second Edition – Prentice Hall of India -
Indian Edition – 1995.
D63 COMPUTER NETWORKS
Unit-I: Fundamentals: Applications- Requirements: connectivity, cost effective resource sharing, support
for common service- Network architecture: Layering and protocols, OSI Architecture, Internet architecture,
Protocol implementation issues - Performance: Bandwidth and latency, Delay BW product, High speed
networks, Application performance needs. (10 Periods)
Unit – II: Direct Link Networks: Hardware building block: Nodes and links- Encoding- Framing: Byte
and bit oriented protocols- Error detection: Internet checksum algorithm, CRC- Reliable transmission: stop
and wait protocol, sliding window protocol- Ethernet and token rings: physical properties and access
control- Wireless LAN: Physical properties, collision avoidance and distribution system.
(10 Periods)
Unit – III: Packet switching: Switching and forwarding: Datagrams and VC switching- Bridges and
LAN switches: Learning bridges, spanning tree algorithm, Implementation and performance: Ports and
fabrics- Simple internetworking: Introduction, service model, global address, Datagram forwarding-
Routing: Graph representation, RIP and OSPF- Global internet- Subnetting and CIDR.
(10 Periods)
Unit – IV: End to End protocols and Data: Simple Demultiplexer (UDP) – Reliable byte stream (TCP)end
to end issues, segment format, three way handshake- TCP extension- Remote procedure call – Date
expression- lossless compression algorithms for image, video and audio : JPEG,MPEG, MP3.
(10 Periods)
Unit– V: Network security and Applications: Cryptographic algorithms: Requirements, DES, RSA and
MD5- Firewalls: Filter based and proxy based- DNS: Domain hierarchy, name servers and solutions.
Electronic mail, world wide web- Multimedia Applications: Real time transport protocol, session control
and call control.
(10 Periods)
Text Book:
Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S. Davie, “Computer networks-A system Approach”, Third Edition, McGraw
Hill, 2000.
Reference books:

CCNA3 and 4 Companion guide, Third Edition., Pearson education 2001.
1 Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Computer Networks”, Prentice Hall of India,2003
2 Dimetri Bertsekas and Robert Gallager, “Data Networks”, PHI, 1994.
D64 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
UNIT I: Z, Y and S PARAMETERS and PLANAR TRANSMISSION LINES: Impedance and
Admittance matrices-reciprocal networks-Lossless networks-Scattering matrices-Generalized scattering
matrix - Transmission matrix - Relation between impedance, admittance, scattering & transmission
matrices. Planar transmission lines – fabrication- Microstrip- Formula for effective dielectric constantcharacteristic
impedance and attenuation.
(10 Periods)
UNIT II: IMPEDANCE MATCHING: Matching with lumped elements-Single stub & Double Stub
matching - Analytic & Smith Chart solutions, Quarter wave Transformer-Tapered lines-Exponential taper-
Triangular taper.
(10 Periods)
UNIT III: PASSIVE MICROWAVES: Dividers and couplers- Three port networks- T
Junction - Lossless divider –Resistive divider- branch line coupler-hybrid coupler-Filter design by insertion
loss method-maximally flat low pass filter – stepped impedance filter.
(10 Periods)
UNIT IV: ACTIVE MICROWAVE CIRCUITS: Ferrite devices-Phase shifters-Isolator-circulator-Low
noise amplifier design-Mixers-Single ended mixers- Single Balanced mixers-Single pole switch-PIN diode
switches.-One port negative resistance oscillator.
(10 Periods)
UNIT V: MEASUREMENTS: High power sources-Magnetron-TWT-Low power source-GUNN,
IMPATT TRAPATT-Network analyzer-Spectrum analyzer.
(10 Periods)
Text Book:
1. David M.Pozar, “Microwave Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons, 1998
2. Annapurna Das & Sisir K.Das, “Microwave Engineering”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2000.
References:
1. David M..Pozar, “Microwave &RF Design of Wireless System”, John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
2. R.E.Collin, “Foundations of Microwave Engineering”, McGraw Hill, 1995.
3. www.agilent.com
D65 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION & NETWORKS
Unit I-INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL FIBERS: Element of an Optical Fiber Transmission link –
Optical Fiber Modes and Configurations, Signal Degradation in Optical Fibers: Attenuation - distortion,
Optical Sources: LEDs - Laser Diodes

(10 Periods)
Unit II-OPTICAL TRANMISSION SYSTEM : Modulation and Demodulation, Transmission
System Engineering: Transmitter-Receiver- Optical Amplifier-Cross talk-Dispersion-Fiber non-linearities –
Wavelength stabilization-Overall design considerations, Optical detectors.
(10 Periods)
Unit III- OPTICAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE: Optical Couplers – Isolators and Circulators –
Multiplexers and Filters –Switches-Wavelength Converters, Introduction to Optical Network:
Telecommunication Networks – First and Second Generation Optical Networks - SONET/SDH –
Computer interconnects – MAN- Layered Architecture.
(10 Periods)
Unit IV- WAVELENGTH ROUTING NETWORKS: Broadcast & Select Networks: Topologies for
Broadcast Networks-MAC protocols – Test beds. Wavelength routing networks: optical layer-node
designs-network design and operation-routing and wavelength assignment-architectural variations,
Wavelength Routing Test beds: AONE-AON- NTT Ring- MWTN-ONTC- Alcatel’s WDM Ring-MONET.
(10 Periods)
Unit V- PHOTONIC PACKET SWITCHING: Access Networks: Network Architecture Overview-
Present & Future Access Networks-Optical Access Network Architectures - Operational Principles of
WDM – Solitons - OTDM – Multiplexing and Demultiplexing – Synchronization – Broadcast OTDM
Networks – Switch Based Networks – OTDM Test beds.
(10 Periods)
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Gerd Keiser, “Optical Fiber Communication” McGraw-Hill International, Singapore, 3 rd ed.,
2000.
2. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan, “Optical Networks”, Harcourt Asia Limited, 2000.
REFERENCES:
1. Selvarajan, S. Kar and T. Srinivas’ “Optical Communications: Principles and Systems” , Tata
McGraw-Hill, 2002
2. J.Gower, “Optical Communication System”, Prentice Hall of India, 2001
3. Ajay Ghatak, K.Thyagarajan, Introduction to Fiber Optics, Cambridge, 1998.
4. J.Senior, “Optical Communication, Principles and Practice”, Prentice Hall of India, 1994.
5. Uyless Black, “Optical Networks” Pearson Education, 2002, Thomas E. Stem Krishna
6. Bala. “Multiwavelength Optical Networks: A Layered Approach”, Addison Wesley Longman,
Inc., 1999.
7. David Greenfield, "The Essential Guide to Optical Networks” Prentice Hall, 2001
8. Siva Ram Siva Murthy G. Mohan Gurusamy, “WDM Optical Networks: Concepts Design and
Algorithms”, Prentice Hall, 2001.
D66 DATA STRUCURES WITH OOPS
UNIT I: Basic C++ Programming: The C++ Programming Model, A Simple C++ Program, Highlighting
the C++ Elements, Fundamental Types, Pointers, Arrays, and Structures, Strings, C-Style Structures,

Pointers, Dynamic Memory, and the `new' Operator, Memory Leaks, Scope and Namespaces, Expressions,
Casting in Expressions, Control Flow, Functions ,Overloading ,Classes ,Constructors and Destructors,
Classes and Memory Allocation, Class Friends and Class Members, The Standard Template Library, C++
Program and File Organization An Example Program, Writing a C++ Program in design and coding
-Testing and Validation.
(10 Periods)
UNIT II: Object Oriented Design: Object-Oriented Design Principles, Inheritance and Polymorphism,
Inheritance in C++, Polymorphism ,Examples of Inheritance in C++, Multiple Inheritance and Class
Casting, Interfaces and Abstract Classes, Templates, Exceptions, Recursion and Other Design Patterns.
(10 Periods)
(10 Periods)
UNIT III: Stacks, Queues, and Recursion: Using Recursion ,Higher-Order Recursion, Stacks, A Simple
Array-Based Implementation, Implementing Recursion and Function Calls, Queues, Linked Lists, Double-
Ended Queues, Sample Case Study Application, A Quadratic-Time Algorithm, A Linear-Time Algorithm,
C++ Implementation
(10 Periods)
UNIT IV: Trees: The Tree Abstract Data Type, Terminology and Basic Properties, Tree Functions, A
Tree Interface, Basic Algorithms on Trees, Running-Time Assumptions, Depth and Height, Preorder
Traversal, Postorder Traversal, Binary Trees, Properties of Binary Trees, 275 Traversals of a Binary Tree,
The Template Function Pattern, Data Structures for Representing Trees, A Linked Structure for General
Trees, Representing General Trees with Binary Trees.
(10 Periods)
UNIT V: Sorting & Graphs: Merge-Sort, Divide-and-Conquer, A C++ Implementation of Merge-Sort
Merge-Sort and Recurrence Relations ,Graphs: The Graph Abstract Data Type , Data Structures for
Graphs, The Edge List Structure, The Adjacency List Structure, The Adjacency Matrix Structure, Graph
Traversal, Depth-First Search ,Breadth-First Search, Directed Graphs, Weighted Graphs.
(10 Periods)
(10 Periods)
Text Book:
Goodrich, Tamassia and Mount, “Data Structures and Algorithms in C++”, 2004 Wiley Higher
Education.http://cpp.datastructures.net/index.html
Reference Books:
1. Data Structure & Algorithm Analysis in C++ by Mark Allen Weiss, Pearson Education Asia,
2002.
2. Algorithms in C++ by Robert Sedgewick, Pearson Education Asia, 2002
• Microwave X Band bench.
D67 MICROWAVE AND ANTENNA LAB
Source Characteristics, V-I Characteristics, Power and Frequency Measurement
Device Characterization
Coupler, Attenuator, Slotted Line, Y I G Filter, Hybrid
• Antenna measurements

Low Frequency antenna measurement
High Frequency antenna measurement
• Measurement Models
Measurement using Network analyzer – RF Components
Measurement using Spectrum analyzer – Identification of signal
• CAD Models
Transmission Line / Discontinuity
Matching network, filter
Power divider, coupler
• Study Experiments
Chipcon board,
Transmitter and Receiver block – Testing and measurement
RF ID system
D68 COMPUTER NETWORKING LAB
• Studies of CISCO Routers
• Structured Cabling
• Router Components, Modes, & Command List
• Basic Set of Router Configuration
• Router Configuration using RIP,ICMP Protocols
• Displaying IP address & host name
• Port Scanning
• Comparison of IP address
• Datagram Client Server Model
• Time Server Model
D71 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
UNIT – I: Wireless Systems and Standards: AMPS and ETACS – IS-54 and IS-36 – Global System for
Mobile – Digital Cellular Standard (IS-95) – CT2 Standard for Cordless Telephones – Digital European
Cordless Telephone – Personal Access Communication Systems – Pacific Digital Cellular – Personal
Handy Phone System.
(10 Periods)
UNIT - II: Cellular Concept – systems Design Fundamentals: Frequency Reuse – Channel Assignment
& Handoff Strategies – Interference and System Capacity – Trunking and Grade of Service – Improving
Coverage & Capacity in Cellular Systems.
(10 Periods)
UNIT – III: Mobile Radio Propagation – Large-Scale Path Loss: Radio wave propagation – Free Space
Propagation Model – Basic Propagation Mechanisms – reflection – Ground Reflection Model – Diffraction
– Scattering – Practical link budget design – Outdoor and Indoor propagation Models – Signal penetration
into buildings – Ray Tracing and site specific Modeling.
(10 Periods)

UNIT – IV: Mobile Radio Propagation – Small-scale fading and multipath: Small scale multipath
propagation – Impulse response model of a multipath channel – parameters of mobile multipath channels –
Types of small scale fading – Statistical models for multipath channels - Multipath shape factors for small
scale fading wireless channels.
(10 Periods)
UNIT – V: Equalization, Diversity, Multiple Access Techniques: Fundamentals of Equalization –
Training a generic adaptive equalizer – Equalizers in communication receiver – Linear Equalizer Nonlinear
equalization – Algorithm for adaptive equalization – Fractional Equalizer – Diversity Techniques –
RAKE receiver – Interleaving, FDMA – TDMA – Spread Spectrum Multiple Access - SDMA- Packet
Radio.
(10 Periods)
Text book:
1. Theodore S.Rappaport, “Wireless Communications”, Pearson Education, 2002.
Reference Books:
1. Simon Haykin “Communication Systems”, 3 rd Edition, John Wiley, 2002.
2. Edward Lee and David Messerschmitt, “Digital Communication, Kluwer Academic Publications,
1993.
3. John G.Proakis, “Digital Communications,” Fourth Ed. McGraw Hill International Edition, 2000.
D72 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEM DESIGN
Unit – I: ADSP 21xx Architecture & Programming: Introduction to ADSP-2100 Family of Processors –
Assembly Language overview – Development systems – Single Precision Fixed Point Division –
Multiprecision Fixed Point Addition, Subtraction, multiplication & Division – Fixed point to floating point
conversion and vice versa – Floating point addition, subtraction, multiplication & Division – Sine,
Arctangent, square root & Logarithm approximation - Uniform random number generation.
(10 Periods)
Unit – II: FFT and Filter Implementation using ADSP21xx: Implementation of FFT: Radix-2 Fast
Fourier Transforms – Block Floating Point Scaling – Optimized Radix-2 DIT FFT – Leakage –
Implementation of Digital Filters: Single and Double Precision FIR Filters – IIR Filters – Multirate Filters.
(10 Periods)
Unit – III: TMS320C6x Architecture: CPU Operation – Pipelined CPU – VelociTI – C64x DSP –
Software Tools: EVM-DSK Target C6x Board – Assembly File – Memory Management – Compiler Utility
– Code Initialization – Code Composer Studio – Interrupt Data Processing.
(10 Periods)
Unit – IV: Code Optimization: Word-wide optimization – Mixing C and Assembly – Software Pipelining
– C64x Improvements – Real-time Filtering – Circular Buffering – Adaptive Filtering.
(10 Periods)
Unit – V: Frame Processing, Real-time Analysis and Scheduling: Frame Processing: DMA – DSP Host
communication – DFT and FFT Implementation – Real-time FFT – Real-time Analysis – Real-time

Scheduling – Real-time Data Exchange – DSP/BIOS – Data Synchronization and Communication
(10 Periods)
Text Books:
1. Digital Signal Processing Applications using the ADSP –2100 Family, Volume –1 – Analog
Devices, DSP Division,. Prentice Hall,1992. (Unit I,II).
2. Nasser Kehtarnavaz and Mansour Keramat, “DSP System Design using the TMS320C6000”,
Prentice Hall, 2001. (Unit III,IV,V).
Reference Books:
1. Sophocles J. Orfanidis, “Introduction to Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall, 1996.
2. Sen M. Kuo, Bob H. Lee, “Real-Time Digital Signal Processing – Implementations, Applications
and Experiments with the TMS320C55x”, John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
3. John G. Proakis and Dimitris G Manolakis, ‘Digital Processing- Principles, Algorithms and
applications’,-Third Edition PHI, 1997
D73 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Unit I: Transforms and Image Enhancement: Components of an Image processing system –Image
sensing and acquisition – Image Sampling and Quantization –Basic relationship between pixels– Walsh
transform – Hadamard – Discrete cosine – Haar – slant – Hotelling transform. Image Enhancements: Gray
level Transformations – Histogram processing – Arithmetic and logic operations – spatial filtering –
smoothing, sharpening filters– Smoothing, sharpening Frequency domain filters – Homomorphic filtering
(10 Periods)
Unit II: Image Restoration: Model of image degradation –noise models –Spatial filtering: Mean, order
statistics, adaptive filters -Frequency domain filtering: Band pass, Band reject, notch filters-optimum notch
filtering- linear position invariant degradations-Estimating degradation-Constrained least square filtering-
Geometric mean filter -Geometric transformations
(10 Periods)
Unit III: Image Segmentation: Point detection – line detection – Edge detection –Edge linking and
boundary detection - Thresholding – Role of Illumination – Global Thresholding – optimal thresholding –
Threshold selection – Region oriented segmentation – Basic formulation – Region growing by pixel
aggregation – Region splitting & merging
(10 Periods)
Unit IV: Representation and Description: Chain codes – Polygonal approximation – signatures –
Boundary segments – skeleton of region – Boundary descriptors – simple descriptors – shape numbers –
Fourier descriptor – moments – Regional Descriptors – simple descriptors– Texture – Moments –
Morphology - dilation and erosion – opening and closing – Hit or miss transform – Basic morphological
algorithm.

(10 Periods)
Unit V: Applications: Industrial machine vision applications – Automated visual inspection-Process
control-Parts identification- Robotics guidance and control-Space exploration –Medical image processing,
Reconstruction – Scientific analysis – Remote sensing – Nature and applications of document image
processing (DIP) –Image processing for DIP - Security, surveillance and law enforcement – JPEG
compression.
Text book:
(10 Periods)
1. Rafael.C.Gonzalez and Richard.E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, Pearson Education, 2003
(Units I- IV )
2. G.J.Awcock and R.Thomas, “Applied Image Processing”, McGraw-Hill, 1996 (Unit V)
Reference books:
1. Anil K.Jain, “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, Pearson Education 2003
2. Rafael.C.Gonzalez and Richard.E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, Addison Wesley 1993.
3. Santanu Chaudhury,Shree K Nayar, “Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing-Recent
Advances” , Viva Books, 1999
4. Rafael.C.Gonzalez, Richard.E. Woods and Steven L. Eddins, “Digital Image Processing using
Matlab”, Pearson Education, 2004
D74 RF SYSTEMS
UNIT I : Wireless RF Systems – Introduction to wireless systems – Design & performance issue –
Wireless Antennas – Propagation and Fading – Power Amplifier – Diode Mixer – SAW Filters –
Frequency Synthesizer – PLL Analysis – Oscillator Phase Noise – Receiver Architecture – Dynamic Range
– FM broad Cast Receiver – Digital Cellular Receiver – Direct Conversion GSM Receiver.
(10 Periods)
UNIT II: RFICS – Introduction to communication circuits – Linearity & Distortion in RF Circuits –
Intercept Points – Review of Technology Bipolar transistors – current dependence – High frequency effects
– Bipolar transistor design considerations – CMOS transistors – NMOS – CMOS small signal models –
Square Law Equations .
(10 Periods)

UNIT III – RFIC Design - Design of Passive circuit elements in IC – Introduction – Sheer resistance &
Skin effect – Parasitic L & C – Current Handling in metal lines Inductors – capacitors – Multi level
inductors – Effect of Transmission lines – packaging.
(10 Periods)
UNIT IV: RFID Systems – Introduction – Frequency Ranges – Standards – Privacy & Security – Block
Diagram of RFID – Readers – Tags – middleware – RFID Applications - Merits and Demerits. - RF
Development Boards – Chipcon, Motorola, TI transceiver boards.
(10 Periods)
UNIT V : RFMEMS – Switches– Actuation Mechanism – Dynamics of switch operation – design
considerations – MEMS inductors & Capacitors – Micro-machined Inductors – Effect of Inductor Layout –
Approaches for Improving Quality Factors – Folded Inductors – Variable Inductors – Polymer Inductor –
Gap tuning – Area Tuning – Dielectric Tunable Capacitor – Fab. techniques.
(10 Periods)
Text Books
David.M.Pozar, “Microwave and RF Design of Wireless Systems”, John Wiley, 2001 (Unit I).
John Rogers & Calvin Plett, “Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits”, Artech House, 2003 (Units II
and III).
Unit IV : www.trenster.com, www.activewaveinc.com, www.chipcon.com
www.ti.com, www.microcircuits.com
Vijay.K.Varadhan, K.J Vinoy, K.A. Jose, “RFMEMS and Their Applications”, John Wiley, 2002
(Unit V).
Reference Books
David.M.Pozar, “Microwave Engineering”, Second Edition, John Wiley, 2004.
G.M.Rebeiz , “RFMEMS Theory, Design and Technology”, John Wiley, 2003.
D7A OPERATIONS RESEARCH
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION: Basic concepts and scope of OR – Phases of OR Linear programming (LP):
Formulation of LP Problems – Limitations of LP – Solutions to LPP – Graphical Solution –Standard LP
form and its Basic solutions – The simplex algorithm – Artificial Variable Technique – Big M method,
Two phase method – Variants of the Simplex Method – Degeneracy, unbounded solution, infeasible
solution – Application for business and Industrial problems.
(10 periods)
UNIT II: DUALITY: Primal – Dual models – Dual Simplex method. Transportation model: Mathematical
formulation of the problem – Methods for finding an initial solution – North West corner method, Least
cost method, Vogel’s approximation method (VAM) – Test for optimality – Variants of the Transportation
Problem. Assignment model: Mathematical Formulation of the problem – Solution of an Assignment
Problem – Hungarian Algorithm – Variants of the Assignment problem – Traveling Salesman
(10 periods)

UNIT –III: INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING: Types- Concept of a Cutting Plane – Gomary’s cutting
plane method – Branch and bound method. Dynamic programming: Concepts – Terminology – Bellman’s
Principle of optimality – Application in Network, Allocation and Inventory.
(10 periods)
UNIT IV: PROJECT MANAGEMENT: PERT and CPM: Concept of Network – PERT, CPM -
Construction of Network – Critical path analysis – Probability in PERT analysis – Cost trade-off analysis.
Theory of games: Two person zero sum game – Pure strategies – Mixed strategies – Games with
dominance – Solution methods of games without saddle point – algebraic method, arithmetic method,
matrix method and Graphical method.
(10 periods)
UNIT V: INVENTORY CONTROL: Deterministic model – Costs – Decision variables – EOQ –
Instantaneous receipt of goods with and without shortages – Non-instantaneous receipt of goods without
shortages - Price breaks – Probabilistic inventory model – Single period without setup cost – Inventory
systems- Lead time – Safety stock – ROL, ROP determination. Queuing: Characteristics of Queuing
system – Symbols and Kendall’s notation – Poisson arrival and exponential service – Single and multi
channel model – Infinite population.
(10 periods)
Text Book:
1. Sharma.J.K., “Operations Research : Theory and applications”, Macmillan India Ltd., Reprint, 2003.
Reference Books:
1. Hamdy A.Taha, “Operations Research – An Introduction”, Seventh Edition,, Prentice Hall of India
Pvt Ltd., 2002.
2. Don. T. Philips, Ravindran, A and James Solnerg, “Operations Research: Principles and Practice”,
John Wiley and Sons, 1986.
3. Bobby Srinivasan and Sandblom. C.L, “Quantitative Analysis for Business Decisions”, Mc Graw
Hill Book Co, 1989.
4. Chanrasekara Rao, K, Shanti Lata Misra, “Operations Research”, Alpha Science International Ltd,
2005.
D7B TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
UNIT I: Basic Telephony - Local Loop, Tones -Types, Dialing - Simplex half, full, duplex modes -
Signaling Techniques - Line, Register, Channel Signaling - Metering - Multiple Access Techniques-
FDMA-TDMA-CDMA-OFDM-WDM-DWM - Wireless Local Loop - Fiber Local Loop - Bluetooth
Technology - Home RF Network.
(10 Periods)
UNIT II: Electronic Exchange - overview of Audio engineering and Acoustic system - CD player - MP3
player - HAM radio - Cellular Phones - Cordless Phones - Pagers - Caller ID.
(10 Periods)
UNIT III: T.V. Transmitter and Receiver - Monochrome and Color - Monochrome Vidicon Tube - Color
Picture Tube - HDTV - DVD Player - CATV - MMDS - Set Top Box.
(10 Periods)

UNIT IV: RADAR Block Diagram - RADAR range Equation - minimum detectable signal - Doppler
effect - FMCW RADAR - Synthetic Aperture RADAR - Air Surveillance RADAR - Height Finder -
Electronic Counter.
(10 Periods)
UNIT V: Geostationary Orbits - Fundamentals of Rocket Propulsion - Primary Launch Vehicles -
Multistage Rockets - India Launch Vehicles - DBS Services - MSAT - VSAT- Global Communication -
GPS application for continuing education - E-health through networking .
(10 Periods)
Text Books:
1. Thiagarajan Viswanathan, “Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks”, Prentice Hall
India, 2000.(UNIT I)
2. R.G.Gupta, “ Audio & Video Systems, Principles, Maintenance, Trouble Shooting”, TMH 1996.
(UNIT II)
3. R.R.Gulati, “Modern Television Practice, Principles, Technology & Servicing ”, 2 nd edition New
Age International 2003.(UNIT III)
4. Merill I.Skolnik, “Introduction to RADAR Systems”, McGraw Hill series 20 Dec 2002.(UNIT IV)
5. Dennis Roddy, “ Satellite Communication”, 3 rd edition McGraw Hill, 2001.(UNIT V)
6. Timothy Pratt & Charles W.Bostian, “ Satellite Communication”, Wiley October 2002.(UNIT V)
Reference Books:
1. Shrader, “Electronic Communication”, McGraw Hill 1993.
2. T.S.Rappaport, “Wireless digital communications; Principles and Practice”, Prentice Hall,NJ, 2 nd
edition 2001.
D7C ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING
Unit – I: Multirate signal processing: Decimation – Interpolation – Sampling Rate Conversion by rational
factor – direct form FIR Filter structures – Polyphase Filter structure – Time variant filter Structure –
Multistage Implementation of sampling rate conversion – Sampling rate conversion of bandpass signalssampling
rate conversion by arbitrary factor – Applications of Multirate signal processing: QMF subbandcoding
and Transmultiplexer.
(10 Periods)
Unit – II: Linear prediction and Optimum linear filters : Innovation representation of stationary random
process – Forward and Backward Linear prediction – error filters –AR lattice and ARMA lattice ladder
filter-Wiener filters for Filtering and Prediction.
(10 Periods)
Unit – III: Power Spectrum Estimation : Periodogram – Use of DFT in power spectrum estimation-
Nonparametric Methods: Bartlett, Welch and Blackman Tukey methods – Parametric Methods: Yule
walker, Burg, Unconstrained Least square and sequential Estimation methods – Selection of AR model
order – MA and ARMA models for power spectrum estimation Eigen analysis algorithms.
(10 Periods)
Unit – IV: Filter Bank and Wavelets: Quadrature Mirror Filter- Paraunitary Filter Banks- Biorthogonal
Linear Phase Filter banks – Uniform M Channel Filter banks – Tree Structured Filter Banks- Wavelet
Transform- Filter Banks and Wavelet – Properties of Wavelets – Scaling Function – Construction of
wavelets- Examples of Wavelet Systems

(10 Periods)
Unit – V: Regularity, Moments and Wavelet System design : K Regular scaling Filters – Vanishing
Wavelet Moments – Daubechies Method for zero Moment wavelet design- Nonmaximal regularity wavelet
design- Relation of zero wavelet – movements to smoothness- vanishing scaling Function Moments-
Coiflets and related wavelet Systems – Applications of Wavelets.
Text Books:
(10 Periods)
1. John G.Proakis and Dimitris G.Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing Principles, Algorithms and
Applications”, Third Edition, PHI, 1997 (Units 1,2 & 3)
2. N.J.Fliege, “Multirate Signal Processing’PHI, 1995
3. C.Sidney Burrus, Ramesh A Gopinath and Haitao Guo,” Introduction to Wavelets and wavelet
Transforms – A Primer” Prentice Hall International, editions, 1998.
Reference Books:
1. Rabiner and Crochier, “Multirate Signal Processing” PHI, 1987.
2. Raghuveer M Rao, “Introduction to Wavelet Transform”, New Age International, 2000.
D7D EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN
Unit I: Software Engineering Concepts for Real-time Systems: Real time definition, Software life cycle,
spiral model, System performance, Analysis and optimization. Response time calculation, interrupt
latency, time latency and its measurement , reducing response times and time loading ,Basic optimization
theory.
(10 Periods)
Unit II :Real-time Kernels: Polled loops with interrupts, phase driven or state-driven code, co-routines,
interrupt driven systems, foreground and background systems ,inter-task communication and
synchronization, buffering data, mail boxes, critical regions, semaphores, event flags and signals,
deadlocks, real–time memory management
(10 Periods)
Unit III :Program Design and Analysis: Formalism for system design using UML - Model of Program
(flow graphs), Basic Compilation techniques, Analysis and optimization of execution time , program size ,
energy and power. Processes and operating systems: Multiple tasks and processes, context switching OS
states, structure, timing requirements, scheduling policies, RM and EDF, Inter-process communication
mechanisms, evaluating OS performance, Power optimization strategies for processes.
(10 Periods)
Unit IV: Validation and Testing of Embedded Systems: Program validation and testing, clear box
testing, black box testing, evaluating function tests and performance testing. System design techniques:
Design Methodologies, Requirements analysis, specifications, Quality assurance
(10 Periods)
Unit V: Keeping time on computers: Timer applications, properties of real-time and ideal clocks, clock
servers and clock synchronization, real-time language features. Real Time Operating Systems: Real-time

function and services, Real-time UNIX and POSIX Processes and threads Comparative study of sample of
RTOS such as eCOS, real-time LINUX.
(10 Periods)
Text Books:
1. (Unit I and II ) Philip A.Laplante, Real-time systems Analysis and Design An Engineer’s
Handbook, – Chapters 6.7. 9 and 10 IEEE computer society press Prentice Hall of India , 2 nd
edition.1997
2. (Unit III and IV) Wayne Wolf, Computers as Components – Principles of Embedded Computing
Systems Design – Chapters 5,6,7,.8,9 and appendix on UML - Harcourt India Private Limited -
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers – First Indian Reprint – 2001.
3. (Unit V) Alan C.Shaw – Real-time Systems and Software – Chapters 8, 9 and 10 -John Wiley &
Sons- Indian reprint 2001
D7E MEDICAL ELECTRONICS
(Qualitative Analysis Only)
Unit-I: Review of Recording and Monitoring Instruments: The origin of Bio electric signals
ECG,EEG,EMG,PCG and EOG, lead systems and recording methods, typical waveforms and signal
characteristics-Electrodes- Medical display systems- Patient monitoring systems.
(10 Periods)
Unit-II: Diagnostic Techniques: pH,pO2,pCO2,pHCO3 –Electrophoresis-Auto analyzers- Blood flow
meters-Cardiac output measurement-Blood cell counters- pulmonary function analyzers.
(10 Periods)
Unit-III: Therapeutic Equipment: Cardiac pacemakers-Cardiac defibrillators-Dialysers-Surgical
Diathermy-LASER-Physiotherapy and Electrotherapy equipments-Oxygenators-Heart-Lung Machines-
Hearing aids. (10 Periods)
Unit-IV: Medical Imaging: X-Ray and Computer Axial Tomography-Positron Emission Tomography-
MRI and NMR-Ultrasonic Imaging systems-Medical Thermograph.
(10 Periods)
Unit-V: Computer applications in Medical field: Bio medical Telemetry-Radio pill-Tele stimulation-
Physiological parameter monitoring in space station-Arrhythmia monitoring system-EEG signal analysis-
Role of Expert Systems(Cadiag, Mycin)-Pattern recognition techniques-E-health- Concepts of Bio
technology, Bio Informatics and Genetic Engineering –VLSI diagnostic fuzzy processor.
Text Books:
(10 Periods)
1. R.S.Khandpur, “Hand book of Biomedical Instrumentation,” Tata McGraw Hill, NewDelhi-1998.
2. Leslie Cromwel, Fred. J. Weibel, Erich.A.Pferffer, “Biomedical Instrumentation and
Measurements,” Prentice Hall India, NewDelhi-2001.
References:
1. Rangaraj.M.Rangayyan, “Biomedical Signal Analysis-A Case Study Approach,” IEEE Press, John
Wiley & Sons Inc, New York-2002.

2. Joseph .J.Carr and John .M.Brown, “Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology,” John
Wiley & Sons Inc, New York-2002.
3. Arnon-Cohen, “Bio-Medical Signal Processing,” Vol I&II, CRC Press.1995.
4. R.D.Lele, “Computers in Medicine,” Tata McGraw Hill, NewDelhi-1989.
5. John.C.Webster(Ed), “Medical Instrumentation Application and Design,”3 rd Edition, John
Wiley&Sons Inc, New York-1998.
D7F TELECOM NETWORK MANAGEMENT
Unit – I: Background -Data Communications and Network Management Overview -Analogy of
Telephone Network Management -Data (Computer) and Telecommunication Network -Distributed
Computing Environments -TCP/IP--Based Networks: The Internet and Intranets Communications
Protocols and Standards -Communication Architectures
Integrated Services: ISDN, Frame Relay, and Broadband (10 Periods)
Unit – II: SNMP, Broadband, and TMN Management -Basic Foundations: Standards, Models, and
Language -Network Management Standards -Network Management Model
Organization Model-Information Model -Communication Model -Functional Model -The SNMP
Communication Model -The SNMP Architecture-The Administrative Model
SNMP Protocol Specifications -SNMP Operations-RMON SMI and MIB -RMON1
RMON1 Textual Conventions -RMON1 Groups and Functions (10 Periods)
Unit – III: Broadband Network Management: ATM Networks -Broadband Networks and Services -ATM
Technology -Virtual Path--Virtual Circuit -ATM Packet Size -Integrated Service -WAN/SONET -ATM
LAN Emulation -Virtual LAN -ATM Network -Management -The ATM Network Reference Model -The
Integrated Local Management Interface -The ATM Management Information Base -The Role of SNMP
and ILMI in ATM -Management - ATM Digital Exchange Interface Management.
(10 Periods)
Unit – IV: DSL Technology -Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Technology -Role of the ADSL Access
Network in an Overall Network -ADSL Architecture -ADSL Channeling -schemes -ADSL Encoding
Schemes -ADSL Management -ADSL Network Management Elements -ADSL Configuration Management
-ADSL Fault Management -ADSL Performance Management -SNMP-Based ADSL Line MIB -MIB
Integration with Interfaces Groups in MIB-2 -ADSL Configuration Profiles -Telecommunications
Management Network .
(10 Periods)

Unit – V: Management Tools, Systems, and Applications -Network Management Tools and Systems
-Network Management Tools -Tools Catalog -Bit Error Rate Tester
Basic Software Tools -SNMP MIB Tools -The Protocol Analyzer -Network Statistics Measurement
Systems -Traffic Load Monitoring -Protocol Statistics -Data and Error Statistics - Network Management
System Requirements -Fault Management -Fault Detection -Fault Location and Isolation Techniques
Text Book
(10 Periods)
1. Mani Subramanian,
“Network Management: Principles and Practice”, Addison-Wesley Pub Co.,
1st Edition, 2000.
Reference Books
1. Udupa, Divakara K, “ Telecommunication Management Network- Addison-Wesley Pub Co., May,
2000.
2. Udupa, Divakara K, “ Network Management Essentials”, McGraw-Hill Series on Computer
Communications 2000.
D7G REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
Unit I - Remote Sensing Concepts: Energy Sources and Radiation Principles – Energy Interactions in the
Atmosphere, Earth Surface Features – Data Acquisition and Interpretation – Ideal Remote Sensing System
– Real Remote Sensing System Characteristics – Global Positioning System – Across Track Scanning and
Operating Principles – Along Track Scanning .
(10 Periods)
Unit II - Image Processing in Remote Sensing: Image Enhancement – Contrast Manipulation – Spatial
Feature Manipulation – Image Classification – Supervised Classification – Classification Stage – Training
Stage – Unsupervised Classification – Hybrid Classification – Post Classification Smoothing – Output
Stage – Change Detection Techniques.
(10 Periods)
Unit III - Microwave Remote Sensing and Remote Sensing Satellites: Active Microwave Sensing – Side-
Looking Radar System Operation – Synthetic Aperture Radar – Passive Microwave Sensing – Microwave
Radiometers – Passive Microwave Scanner – Applications- LIDAR Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing
Satellites: IRS 1A/1B – IRS 1C/1D – IRS P4 (OCEANSAT-1) – IRS P5 (CARTOSAT-1) – IRS P6
(RESOURCE SAT-1) – CARTOSAT-2 – RISAT-1 - Landsat – SPOT Satellites.
(10 Periods)
Unit IV – Geographical Information Systems: Information Systems Overview – GIS Definitions and
Terminology – GIS Queries – GIS Architecture – Theoretical Models of GIS. Spatial Data Modelling:
Stages of GIS Data Modelling – Graphic Data Representation of Spatial Data – Raster GIS Models –
Vector GIS Models – Comparison of Raster and Vector Data Models
(10 Periods)

Unit V - Remote Sensing Applications: Image Interpretation Elements, Strategies and Keys – Land
Use/Land Cover Mapping – Agricultural Applications – Forestry Applications – Water Resource
Applications – Urban & Regional Planning Applications – Wetland Mapping – Wild Life Ecology
Applications – Archaeological Applications.
(10 Periods)
Text Books:
1. Thomas M.Lillesand, Ralph W.Kiefer, “Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation”, Fifth Edition,
2004. (Units I to III & V)
2. M.Anji Reddy, “Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems”, Second Edition, BS
Publications. 2001 (Unit IV)
Reference Books:
1. Swain and Davis, “Remote Sensing – The quantitative Approach”, McGraw Hill
Publications.1997.
2. John R. Jensen, “Remote Sensing of the Environment – An Earth Resource Perspective”, Pearson
Education Series, 2003.
3. Kang-Tsung Chang, “Introduction to Geographic Information Systems”, Tata McGraw-Hill Edition,
2002.
D77 DSP and FPGA LAB
I Experiments on TMS 320 c6711 and ADSP 2181 processors
• Arithmetic Operations
• FFT Computations
• Linear Convolution
• Circular Convolution
• FIR Filter Design
• IIR Filter Design
II Experiments on Xilinx FPGA
Adders and ALU
Comparators and Counters
Encoder and decoder
Flip flops and Latches
Shift registers
PN Sequence
D78 RF AND IMAGE PROCESSING LAB
Simulation Using MATLAB (Image Processing Toolbox)
Image Sampling and Quantization
Transforms (Walsh, Hadamard, DCT, Haar)
Image Enhancement – Histogram Equalization, Spatial Filtering
Image Segmentation – Edge Detection , Line Detection and Point Detection
Basic Morphological Algorithms
Simulation using Agilent Advanced Design Suite
Low Noise Amplifiers

Mixers
Switches
Antenna
Behavioral modals
Intelesuite-MEMS circuits and MEMS switches
Optical Communication Experiments
D.C. Characteristics of LED and PIN Photo Diode
Optical transmission using Analog Modulation
System bandwidth Determination by Intensity Modulation.
Data transmission through Fiber Optic Link.
Time Division Multiplexing
PI Characteristics of LASER diode
Biomedical Instrumentation
• Filter design for EEG signals
• Study of PPD waveforms
Mini- Project
Fabrication of Filter/Coupler/Antenna/Mixer/LNA
D81 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR AND MANAGEMENT
Unit – I: Foundations: Historical development- Relevant environment – Conceptual model for
organizational Behavior – Understanding Human behavior – Perception – learning – motivation –
selectivity organization – Learning theory – Principles – Motivation to work – Personality development
theories.
(10 Periods)
Unit – II: Dynamics and organizational practices: Group dynamics – formal, informal groups- conflict –
Leadership and power – selection of job – design, training and performance appraisal – organizational
change.
(10 Periods)
Unit – III: Introduction to Management: Meaning, Approaches to management – Management an art,
science and profession – Training of Managers – Evolution of Management thought.
(10 Periods)
Unit – IV: Managers and Environment: Social responsibility – Decision making Process of Management
– Planning – Organizing – Staffing – Directing – Controlling.
(10 Periods)
Unit – V: Introduction to functional areas: Production – Purchasing, Personnal, Marketing and finance –
The nature of functions and Major tasks.
(10 Periods)
Reference Books:

1. Gred Luthans, “ Organisational Behavior” 5 th Edition
2. Kooniz & O. Dennel, “Principles of Managements” , 8 th edition
3. Chester I.Barnard, “Management (systems view)”
D8A ASIC DESIGN
Unit I : Introduction to ASICs : Types of ASICs – design flow – case study – ASIC cell Libraries –
Programmable ASICs – antifuse – Static RAM – EPROM & EEPROM Technology – Specifications –
FPGA Economics.
(10 Periods)
Unit II : Programmable ASICs : Actel ACT – ACT1 Logic module – Shannon’s expansion theorem –
Multiplexer logic as Function Generators – ACT 2 and ACT 3 Logic Modules – Timing Modules and
Critical Paths – Xilinx LCA – XC3000 CLB– XC4000 Logic Block – XC5200 Logic Block – Xilinx
CLB Analysis – Altera FLEX – Altera MAX – Logic Expanders – Timing Model – Power dissipation in
complex PLDs – DC output – AC output – DC input – AC input – Clock input – power input
(10 Periods)
Unit III : ASIC Construction : Physical design – CAD Tools – Methods and Algorithms – System
Partitioning – Estimating ASIC Size – Power Dissipation – Switching current – short circuit current –
subthreshold and leakage current -FPGA Partitioning – ATM simulator – Automatic partitioning with
FPGAs - Partitioning Methods.
(10 Periods)
Unit IV : Backend Design : Floor planning Methods – Block placement and channel definition – Global
routing – switch box routing – power distribution – clock distribution – floor planning – design validation
– Off chip connections – packages – The I/O Architecture – Pad design.
(10 Periods)
Unit V : Testing : The importance of test – Boundary scan test – BST Cells – BST Registers – Instruction
Decoder - TAP Controller – Boundary scan controller – A Simple boundary scan example - ATPG – The
D – calculus – A Basic ATPG Algorithm – The PODEM Algorithm – controllability and observability -
Scan test – Built in self Test. (10 Periods)
Text Book:
1. Michael John Sebastian Smith, “Applications Specific Integrated Circuits “, Pearson Education,
Ninth Indian Reprint, 2004.
2. Wayne Wolf, “ Modern VLSI Design” , Pearson Education, Second Indian Reprint,2003
Reference book:
1. Wayne Wolf, “Modern VLSI design” - Addison Wesley, 1998.
2. Neel H.E.Weste Eshraghian, “Principles of CMOS VLSI Design”, Addison Wesley, 1999.
D8B MACHINE VISION

Unit – I: Machine vision: Introduction- Machine vision – Relationship to other fields – Image definitions
levels of computation – Binary image processing – Thresholding Geometric properties – position –
orientation – Run length encoding Binary algorithms – Definitions – Component labeling- Size filter –
Euler number – Region boundary – Area perimeter – compact Distance measures – Distance transforms –
Medial axis – Thinning expanding and shrinking – morphological operators.
(10 Periods)
Unit – II: Regions: Regions and Edges – Region segmentation – Automatic thresholding Limitation of
Histogram methods – Region representation – array representation – Hierarchical representations –
symbolic representation – Split and merge – region merging – Removing weak edges – Region splitting –
split and merge – Region growing.
(10 Periods)
Unit – III: Edge detection: Gradient – Steps in edge deduction – Roberts operator – sober operator –
pewit operator – Comparison Second derivative operator, Laplacian operator, Second derivative Image
approximation – Gaussian edge Detection – Canny edge detector – subpixel location estimation – Edge
detector performance – methods of Evaluating performance – Figure of merit – Sequential methods – Line
detection.
(10 Periods)
Unit – IV: Optics shading: Optics – lens equation – Image resolution – Depth of Field view volume –
Exposure – shading – Image Inductance – Illumination – Reflector – Surface orientation – shape from
shading depth – Stereo imaging – Cameras in arbitrary position and orientation – Stereo matching – Edge
matching – Region correlation shape from X – Range imaging – structural lighting– Imaging Radar –
Active vision.
(10 Periods)
Unit – V: Dynamic vision & object recognition: Change detection – Difference pictures – Static
segmentation and matching – object recognition – system components – complexity of object recognition
– object representation – observer – centered – object centered representations – feature detection -
recognition strategies - classification – Matching Feature indexing – verification – Template matching –
morphological approach – symbolic – analogical methods.
(10 Periods)
Text book:
Ramesh Jain ,Rangachar Kasturi and Brian G. Schunck, “Machine Vision”McGraw Hill international
Edition – 1995.
Reference books:
1. Anil K.Jain “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing” PHI, India 1995
2. Gregory A baxes, “Digital Image processing” John Wiley & Sons, 1993.
3. W.K.Pratt, “Digital Image processing” John Wiley and Sons, 1991.
D8C DATA COMPRESSION
Unit – I: Introduction Coding, Inter pixel. Psycho visual redundancy - Lossless,lossy Compression –
Measure of performance - Modeling and Coding – Huffman coding – Good codes – The Huffman coding

algorithm – Minimum variance code – Length of Huffman – Extended, Non-Binary Huffman codes –
adaptive Huffman coding – Application of Huffman coding – Lossless image compression – Text, Audio
Compression.
(10 Periods)
Unit – II: Arithmetic coding: Introduction- coding a sequence – generating deciphering the tag –
Generating a binary code – Uniqueness of arithmetic code – Algorithm, integer implementation –
comparison of Huffman and arithmetic coding –Applications-bi-level image (JBIG standard) compression,-
JBIG2- Image compression.
(10 Periods)
Unit - III: Dictionary techniques and Lossless compression: Static dictionary – Adaptive dictionary – LZ
77, LZ78 approach – applications – File compression – Graphics interchange format – compression over
modems (V .42 bis) – Facsimile encoding – run length coding – comparison of MH, MR, MMR and JBIG
– Progressive Image transmission – Linear prediction, context, Multiresolution models – Modeling
prediction errors.
(10 Periods)
Unit – IV: Differential and subband coding: Basic algorithm – prediction in DPCM – Adaptive DPCM –
Delta modulation – Speech coding (G .726) – Frequency domain and filtering – Basic subband coding
algorithm – Applications to speech coding,(G.722), Audio coding (MPEG audio) –- Application to Image
compression – Wavelets and image compression.
(10 Periods)
Unit – V: Transform coding and Analysis/Synthesis schemes: Introduction –Transform – KL transform –
discrete cosine, Sine, Walsh- Hadamard transform – Quantization and coding of transform coefficients –
JPEG image compression – Application to Audio compression – Speech compression – Channel vocoder –
linear predictive coder – coder – code excited linear prediction – sinusoidal coders – Silence compression.
(10 Periods)
Text Book:
1. Khalid Sayood, “Introduction to Data Compression” Morgan Kauffmann Publishers, Inc.
California, 2001.

Reference Books:
• Mark Nelson, Jean Louf Goilly, “The Data Compression Book”, BPB Publications, 1996.
• Rafel C.Gonzalez “Digital Image Processing”, Addison Wesley, 2003.
D8D DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Unit I: Introduction: purpose of database systems - View of data - Data Model - Database languages -
Transaction Management - Storage management - DBA- Database Users - Overall System Structure. Entity
Relationship Model: Basic Concepts - Design issues - Mapping Constraints - Keys - E-R Diagrams- -Weak
Entity Sets - Extended E-R Features - Design of an E-R Database Schema - Reduction to tables
(10 Periods)
Unit II: Relational Model: Structure of Relational Databases - Relational Algebra - Tuple Relational
Calculus - Domain Relational Calculus - Extended Relational Algebra Operations - Modification of the
Databases SQL: Basic Structure - Ste Operations - Aggregate Functions - Null Values - Nested Sub Quires
- Derived Relations - Views - Modification Of Databases - Joined Relations - DDL - Embedded SQL -
Other SQL Features.
(10 Periods)
Unit III: Integrity Constraints: Domain Constraints - Referential Integrity - Assertions - Triggers -
Functional Dependencies Relational Database Design: Pitfalls in database Design - Decomposition -
Normalization using Functional Dependencies - Multi valued Dependencies - Join Dependencies - Domain
Key Normal Form - Alternative Approaches.
(10 Periods)
Unit IV: Storage and File Structures: Physical Storage Media - Magnetic Disks - RAID - Tertiary
Storage - Storage Access - File Organization - Organization of Records in Files - Data Dictionary -
Storage. Indexing and Hashing: Basic Concepts - Ordered Indices - B+ Trees Index Files - Btree Index
Files - Static Hashing - Dynamic Hashing - Comparison of Ordered Indexing and Hashing - Index
Definition in SQL - Multiple Key Access.
(10 Periods)
Unit V: Transactions: Transactions Concepts - Transaction State - Implementation of Atomicity and
Durability Executions. Concurrency Control: Lock Based Protocols.Case Study: BD2: Architecture -
Process Models - Memory Modal - Storage Model - SQL Compiler. Controlling Data Access:
Authentication - Authorities and Privileges - DB2 application Development - Static and Dynamic
Embedded SQL - Call Level Interface (CLI) - DB2 APIs - Java Interfaces.
(10 Periods)
Textbooks:
1 Abraham Silberschatrtz, Henry Forth and S.Sudhersan - Database System Concepts - Third Edition
McGraw Hill Edition Units I to IV
2. George Baklarz and Bill Wong, DB2 Universal Database V7.1 Fourth Edition Unit V
Reference Books:
1. Ragu Ramakrishnan, Database Management Systems, McGraw Hill Edition, 1998.
2. Ramez Elmasri and Samrath Navetha, Fundamentals of Database System, Addison Werely, 1994.
3 Thomas Connly Begg and Anne Strachan, Database Systems - A practical Approach to Design
Implementation, Second Edition, Addison Wesley, 1998

D8E PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL IMAGING
Unit I: Acquisition of Images: Introduction to Imaging Techniques - Single crystal scintillation camera -
Principles of scintillation camera operation - multiple crystal scintillation camera- solid state camera -
rectilinear scanner- Emission computed Tomography- Radiography: Digital Radiography.
(10 hours)
Unit II: Mathematical Preliminaries for Image Reconstructions: Image Reconstruction from
Projections in Two dimensions - Mathematical Preliminaries for Two and Three dimensional Image
Reconstructions- Radon Transform- Projection Theorem-central slice Theorem- Sinogram - Two
Dimensional Projection Reconstruction - Three Dimensional Projection Reconstruction - Iterative
Reconstruction Techniques- Fourier Reconstruction. 10 hours)
UnitIII: Fluroscopy, CT, Images quality: Digital fluoroscopy - Automatic Brightness controlcinefluorography
- Principles of computed Tomographic Imaging - Reconstruction algorithms - Scan
motions- X-ray sources Influences of Images quality: Unsharpness - contrast- Image Noise-,Image
distortion -Artifacts.
(10 hours)
UnitIV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy: Fundamentals of Magnetic Resonanceoverview
- Pulse sequences - spatial encoding of magnetic Resonance Imaging signal - Motion suppression
Techniques - Contrast Agents - tissue contrast in MRI - MR Angiography, spectroscopy - chemical shift
Imaging.
(10 hours)
Unit V: Ultra sound, Neuro magnetic Imaging: Ultra sound: Presentation modes -Time required to
obtain Images - System components, signal processing - dynamic Range - Ultrasound Image Artifacts -
Quality control, Origin of Doppler shift - Limitations of Doppler systems. Neuro magnetic Imaging:
Background - Models and Image Reconstruction - Instrumentation.
(10 hours)
Text Books:
1. William R.Hendee, E.Russell Ritenour ,”Medical Imaging Physics” A John Wiley & sons,
Inc.,Publication, Fourth Edition 2002.(Units I,III,IV,V)
2. Z.H.Cho.,J-oie,P.Jones and Manbir Singh,” Foundations of Medical Imaging” John Wiley and
sons Inc.(Units II &V)
Reference Books:
Avinash C.Kak, Malcolm Shaney, “Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging", IEEE
Press, New york-1998.
D8F NETWORK SECURITY
Unit – L: Conventional Encryption: Introduction – Conventional Encryption model – Staganography –
Data Encryption Standard – block cipher – Encryption algorithms – confidentiality – Key distribution.

Unit – II: Public Key Encryption and Hashing: Principles of Public key cryptosystems – RSA algorithm
– Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange – Message authentication and Hash function – Hash MAC algorithms –
Digital signatures.
Unit – III: IP Security: IP security overview – IP security Architecture, authentication Header – Security
payload – security association – key management
Unit – IV: Web security: Web security requirement – secure sockets layer – transport layer security –
secure electronic transaction – dual signature.
Unit – V: System Security: Intruders – Intrusion detection-password management -Viruses – Viruses and
related threats-Worms – Firewall design – Trusted systems – Antivirus techniques – digital immune
systems.
References:
1. C. Kaufmann, R. Perlman and M. Speciner, “Network Security: Private Communication in a
Public World”, Prentice Hall PTR, 2002.
2. W.R. Cheswick, S.M. Bellovin and A.D. Rubin, “Firewalls and Internet Security”, Addision-
Wesley, 2003.
3. William Stallings. “Cryptography and network Security”, 4 th Edition, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi, 2004.
D8G VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION
Unit – I: The LabVIEW Programming Environment –Controls - Indicators loops- charts – arrays – graphs
and clusters - Programming Structures (Case and sequence) – strings and file I/O.
(10 Periods)
Unit – II: Data acquisition – waveforms – buffered data accusation – Instrument control – GPIB
Communication – Instrument driver – serial port communication – customizing Virtual Instrumentation
proprieties.
(10Periods)
Unit – III: Planning LABVIEW applications – Implementation – error handling – architectures – Virtual
Instrumentation templates – Designing front panels – Interface issues – property nods – control reference –
run time menus – Intensity plots
(10 Periods)
Unit – IV: Data management techniques in LABVIEW - Local variables – Global variables – Data socket
– Advanced file I/O Techniques - bytes stream files data log files – data to disk – developing larger
projects – assembling LabVIEW application – LabVIEW features, tools for project management and
development.

(10 Periods)
Unit – V: Performance issues – multithreading - multitasking – profile window – system memory issues –
optimizing memory -GPIB setup/ IBIC, 488 vs. 488.2 commands Strings GPIB serial poll byte. Timing of
VI's Testing Device Status, File I/O-RS 232 RS 232Attribute nodes (graphs), Saving front panels Turning
DAQ boards analog I/O Real-Time Control Systems - Timing issues oscilloscope/ function Generator, RC
filter Real-Time Systems -
(10 Periods)
Reference Books:
1. LABVIEW basics –I and II course books from National Instruments. Bangalore.
2. Lisa K Walls, “ LABVIEW for everyone” PHI, 1996
3. www.ni.com