Annual report Chair on Drinking Water Engineering 2008 - TU Delft

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Project Outline Introduction stochastic deMand Patterns in hydraulic Models This research program is devoted to fill in the gaps in knowledge on the hydraulic conditions in drinking water distribution systems. There is a significant relation between hydraulics and particles in the network. Particles in drinking water systems are responsible for the generation of discoloration of the water, leading to an unacceptable aesthetic water quality. Also dissolved substances, such as (deliberate) contamination in the drinking water distribution system, are affected by the hydraulic conditions. McKenna et al. (2005) have suggested that due to the stochastic nature of demands the ‘source location inversion’ of contaminants is only possible with accurate information on demand. Approach A flexible demand model is developed. The demand model is called SIMDEUM: SIMulation of Demand – an End-Use Model. A distribution network model is constructed from GIS-information of pipes (location and diameter of pipes and pipe roughness) and customers (location of demand nodes and yearly water use) and from specific area information as input to SIMDEUM (number of people per household, age of inhabitants, and installed water appliances). The application of this demand model in distribution network models is being investigated. Results The demand model SIMDEUM based on (residential) end-use is developed from statistical information on intensity (flow) and duration per use, frequency of use, and time of use (over the day) for all residential enduses such as taking a shower, flushing the toilet, washing hands, doing the dishes, watering the garden etc. Information on number of people per household is also used. The (statistical) information is retrieved from national census data (on a‘DMA’-level), a three-yearly survey on water use at home and a five-yearly survey on time budget. The model is validated by measurements on individual household level and on street level (of 5 to 512 houses). A distribution network of ca. 550 houses in Franeker was modeled; occurring velocities, flow direction reversals and residence times were calculated. In this small network velocities are low (< 0.1 m/s) and in pipes where flow direction reversals occur residence times can be more than 2 days. Figure 1 - Flow velocities in Franeker network Scientific relevance The processes that govern the settling and resuspension of particles in the network are not fully understood. However, it is clear that the hydraulic conditions in the distribution network are a key factor. Existing demand models, based on measured demand at the pumping station, are applicable to transport models. These models are not fit for distribution networks because distribution networks, compared to transport networks, have more 46 <strong>Annual</strong> <strong>report</strong> DWE 2008
dynamic flows and occasionally very low velocities, flow direction reversals and high residence times. The reason for this is that distribution networks have much more demand nodes and these demand nodes show much more uncorrelated demands (both in time and in space) than demand nodes in transport net works The result is that sediment in distribution net works is much more of a problem than in transport net works. Social relevance Discoloration seriously undermines the customer’s faith in drinking water. Possible public health effects are not very severe because the color of the water will prevent people from actually consuming the water. The effects on water quality of resuspended sediment in the sub-visual region, below 5 FTU, are probably not negligible. Water companies spend a lot of money in producing good drinking water that however can deteriorate significantly in the network. More knowledge on hydraulic conditions in the distribution network will help determine how to maintain the network, which will decrease the number of discolored water incidents and increase customer’s trust in safe and healthy drinking water. Literature • • • • Blokker, E. J. M., Buchberger, S. G., Vreeburg, J. H. G., and van Dijk, J.C. (2008). “Comparison of water demand models: PRP and SIMDEUM applied to Milford, Ohio, data.” WDSA 2008, Kruger Park, South Africa. Blokker, E. J. M., Buchberger, S. G., Vreeburg, J. H. G., and van Dijk, J.C.(2008). “Importance of demand modeling in network water quality models: a review.” Drink. Water Eng. Sci.(1), 27-38. Blokker, E. J. M., and Vreeburg, J. H. G. (2005). “Monte Carlo Simulation of Residential Water Demand: A Stochastic End-Use Model. ”Impacts of Global Climate Change; 2005 World water and environmental resources congress, R. Walton, ed., American Society of Civil Engineers, Anchorage,Alaska, 34. Blokker, E. J. M., Vreeburg, J. H. G., and Vogelaar, A. J. (2006). “Combining the probabilistic demand model SIMDEUM with a network model.” Water Distribution System Analysis #8, American Society of Civil Engineers, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Mirjam Blokker Delft University of Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Department of Water Management Section Sanitary Engineering Tel.: +31 15 27 86 588 Fax: +31 15 27 84 918 e-mail: mirjam.blokker@kwrwater.nl www.drinkwater.tudelft.nl Postal address: Postbus 1072 3430 BB Nieuwegein visiting address: Groningenhaven 7 3433 PE Nieuwegein Start date: May 2007 Expected end date: May 2011 key words: stochastic demands, hydraulic models cooperation with other institutes: KWR Watercycle Research Institute research projects 47
Page 1 and 2: Annual rep
Page 3 and 4: Introduction 2 Highlights 4 Researc
Page 5 and 6: The inflow of students in our MSc i
Page 7 and 8: A grant from the European Union and
Page 9 and 10: c. a. d. b. a. Field work in Bangla
Page 11 and 12: Water treatment processes are based
Page 13 and 14: with ozone/UV/H 2O 2. These technol
Page 15 and 16: Theme 4: Optimal design and operati
Page 17 and 18: PhD dissertations completed at Drin
Page 19 and 20: Professors and lecturers The resear
Page 21 and 22: Commercial companies Collaboration
Page 23 and 24: Collaboration Oasen Water company a
Page 25 and 26: Research collaboration ITB Bandung
Page 27 and 28: Arne Verliefde From October 2008 to
Page 29 and 30: Impressions of the “Vakantiecursu
Page 31 and 32: Gijs Oskam Award 2008 During the Va
Page 33 and 34: Rejection of organic micropollutant
Page 35 and 36: Verberk, JQJC & Drikas, M (2007). I
Page 37 and 38: Garsadi, R, Salim, HT, Soekarno, I,
Page 39 and 40: Salinas Rodriquez, SG, Kennedy, MD,
Page 41 and 42: Mamba, BB, Rietveld, LC & Verberk,
Page 43 and 44: Papers in review (published in DWES
Page 45 and 46: c. a. d. b. a. Swimming pool b. Sof
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Page 57 and 58: was demonstrated. The dissolved ozo
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Page 63 and 64: Literature • • • • • Latt
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Page 67 and 68: Results This project is still on it
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Page 71 and 72: Approach In this research project t
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Page 79 and 80: Results The results of the model pr
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affling configurations inside the o
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to set up an interface between the
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Literature • V. Yangali-Quintanil
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ipe’s relative condition. Pipe’
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as good (Figure 1), also when highe
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Particle counting results indicated
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0 0 0,5 1 1,5 Figure 3: DFCm result
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dHgas (mwc) 6 5 4 3 Effect of Surfa
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Results The figure shows an example
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lockage contributes 71%, gully pot
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c. a. d. b. a. MSc thesis defense P
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TU Delft offers several possibiliti
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Furthermore all lecture notes and P
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3-10-2008 13:55 Pagina 1 The curren
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• • • Maintenance of the slow
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Jeroen Boel Microfiltration Philips
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BSc theses Drinking Water Engineeri
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Udo Ouwekerk: aQa Pickwick water sy
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Mid-careers of Vitens In September
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much is being said that most of the
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NLT module “Drink water, quite im
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Books Drinking water can be ordered
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in ons drinkwater: b. a. Cartoon me
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Avontuur / Mens & Lichaam Edward Ke
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mpong des - , zag in de een hope -
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in the media 147
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The workshop comprised of invited t
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Annual report Chair on Drinking Water Engineering 2008 - TU Delft

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