Protecting Workers from Ultraviolet Radiation - icnirp

Protecting Workers from Ultraviolet Radiation
Table B-4. Exposure ratio for human subjects performing various activities (Airey et al 1995)
Site Standing Sitting Bending Kneeling
Vertex 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Forehead 0.27 0.18 0.06 0.06
Nose 0.41 0.29 0.18 0.13
Cheek 0.27 0.25 0.12 0.15
Neck 0.50 0.57 0.52 0.69
Table B-5. Relative fraction UVR exposures of shoulders and chest among physical education
teachers (PE), school grounds staff and lifeguards, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, using
polysulphone badges and actinic UVR detector, according to the number of SED (100 J.m-²).
Mean of 5 days and typical conditions for clear sky or cloudy sky (adapted from Gies et al 1995).
Ambient UVR (in SED) PE Teachers School Staff Lifeguards
UV Detector PolyS shoulder chest shoulder chest shoulder chest
clear sky 48 51 0.23 0.11 0.20 0.08 0.13 0.08
cloudy 15 11 0.15 0.10 0.23 0.13 0.13 0.11
Weekly
average
0.19 0.085 0.18 0.08 0.12 0.10
Note: Values are expressed as a fraction of the total daily ambient UVR.
Table B-6. Comparison of data from several authors: measurements of UVR exposures of
outdoor workers and during different outdoor recreational activities.
References Chest badges Shoulder badges
Larkö and Diffey (1983) 0.1 - 0.7 of ambient UVR
Holman et al (1983) 0.46 0.70
Herlihy et al (1994) 0.14 0.30
Gies et al (1995) 0.10 0.20
Note: Values are expressed as a fraction of the total daily ambient UVR.
Table B-7. Reflectance of ICNIRP-effective solar UVB from terrain surfaces
Terrain surfaces Diffuse reflectance ICNIRP effective solar UVB
Green mountain grassland 0.8 - 1.6 %
Dry grassland 2.0 - 3.7 %
Wooden boat deck 5 – 7 %
Black asphalt 5 - 9 %
Concrete pavement 8 - 12 %
Atlantic beach sand (dry) 15 - 18 %
Atlantic beach sand (wet) 7%
Sea foam (surf) 25 - 30 %
Dirty snow 59%
Fresh snow 88%
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