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2 2 Participants MARIA S. MERIAN-Berichte, Cruise 20, Leg 4, Bridgetown – Freeport, 14.3.2012 – 7.4.2012 Name Discipline Institution Hebbeln, Dierk Marine Geology / Chief Scientist MARUM Wienberg, Claudia Marine Geology MARUM Matos Branco, Lelia Marine Geology MARUM Dehning, Klaus Marine Geology MARUM Klann, Marco Marine Geology MARUM Nowald, Nicolas ROV MARUM Ruhland, Götz ROV MARUM Wintersteller, Paul Marine Geology MARUM Freiwald, André Geobiology SAM Beuck, Lydia Geobiology SAM Joseph, Nina Geobiology SAM Wilsenack, Maik Geobiology SAM Dullo, Wolf-Christian Hydrography GEOMAR Glogowski, Silke Hydrography GEOMAR Garlichs, Thorsten Hydrography GEOMAR Jansen, Friedhelm Meteorology MPI-HH Reyes, Hector Marine Biology UABCS Eberli, Gregor Marine Geology RSMAS Taviani, Marco Marine Biology ISMAR-CNR Wilke, Thomas Journalism BdW MARUM Zentrum für Marine Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Bremen SAM Senckenberg am Meer, Wilhelmshaven GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung, Kiel MPI-HH Max Planck Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg UABCS Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Mexico RSMAS Rosenstiel School for Marine Sciences, University of Miami, USA ISMAR-CNR Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy BdW Bild der Wissenschaft, Lübeck 3 Research Program Cold-water corals (CWC) are the nuclei of unique and important ecosystems of the bathyal zone. The importance of CWC is highlighted in their role in creating biodiversity hotspots, in their worldwide distribution, and in their capability to build large calcareous seabed structures (reefs, mounds) of several kilometres in length and >300 m in height. Though CWC are widespread on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean, they have not been studied at a basin-scale. Most research to date has been relatively small-scale and focused on specific sites. Knowledge about potential links between the East and West Atlantic CWC ecosystems is rather limited. Moreover, information about the faunal assemblages as well as the genetic and biogeographical relationship between both provinces is completely lacking. And finally, in particular for the West Atlantic Ocean coral ages (radiocarbon and/or Uranium-series
MARIA S. MERIAN-Berichte, Cruise 20, Leg 4, Bridgetown – Freeport, 15.3.2012 – 7.4.2012 3 datings) being mandatory for a reconstruction of the development of CWC ecosystems during the last glacial-interglacial-cycle in relation to climate-induced environmental changes are not available so far. Leg MSM 20-4 aimed to study CWC ecosystems across a transect from the partly enclosed Gulf of Mexico to the "open" West Atlantic Ocean with respect to their distribution, appearance, faunal assemblage and vitality under present and past (glacial) conditions, and to identify the main physical and biological factors that are important in controlling CWC occurrence. The overarching objective was a trans-North Atlantic basin-scale study to compare the West Atlantic CWC occurrences with the well-known CWC ecosystems of the East Atlantic Ocean with respect to their recent situation and a potential linkage between both occurrences regarding their temporal development during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Thus, for this expedition the following three core questions have been formulated: 1) How divers are CWC as well as the structure and composition of the entire CWC ecosystems in the western Atlantic? 2) How did the CWC ecosystems in the western Atlantic develop under varying climate forcing, as e.g. over the last glacial-interglacial-cycle? 3) Which similarities and/or differences exist between the CWC ecosystems in the western and in the eastern North Atlantic today and during their past long-term development? Campeche Bank W‐Florida Slope Florida Straits Fig. 3.1 Track chart of R/V MARIA S. MERIAN Cruise MSM 20-4. To answer these questions various target areas in the western Atlantic have been selected to be investigated during Leg MSM 20-4 (see Fig. 3.1). These comprised "potential" CWC mounds along the Campeche Bank (Yucatan Peninsula) and the West Florida Slope within the Gulf of Mexico, and reported CWC occurrences in the Florida Straits. For all working sites station work started with a detailed hydro-acoustic mapping (multibeam echosounder, PARASOUND; in case
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APPENDIX 1 Specifications and Setti
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MARIA S. MERIAN, MSM20‐4, Bridget
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APPENDIX 3 List and Description of
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APPENDIX 5 A) Preliminary report on
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No. 20 Berner, H. Mechanismen der S
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No. 61 Sagemann, J. Saisonale Varia
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No. 263 Bohrmann, G., Spiess, V., a
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