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Journal of Networks - Academy Publisher

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138 JOURNAL OF NETWORKS, VOL. 5, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2010<br />

interfaces UNI and NNI within the control plane<br />

employed. Consequently, the analysis <strong>of</strong> protocol stacks<br />

from a security perspective is an important prerequisite.<br />

Another issue related to network protection is a<br />

comparative study <strong>of</strong> the trade-<strong>of</strong>f between network<br />

complexity and traffic restoration time.<br />

VII. CONCLUSION<br />

In this article, we have briefly reviewed management<br />

issues in AONs with particular emphasis on<br />

complications that arise from the unique characteristics <strong>of</strong><br />

AON components employed in communication systems.<br />

We have also discussed the key management functions<br />

that are responsible for ensuring the secure and continued<br />

operation <strong>of</strong> the network. Accordingly, we have presented<br />

a management framework for the realization <strong>of</strong> an<br />

appropriate management system that could meet the<br />

challenges posed by AONs.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

[1] R. Rejeb, M. S. Leeson, and R. J. Green, “Fault and Attack<br />

Management in All-Optical <strong>Networks</strong>”, IEEE<br />

Communications Magazine, vol. 44, no. 11, pp. 79-86,<br />

November 2006.<br />

[2] C. Mas Machuca, I. Tomkos, O. Tonguz, “Failure Location<br />

Algorithm for Transparent Optical <strong>Networks</strong>”, IEEE<br />

<strong>Journal</strong> on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 23,<br />

No. 8, pp. 1508-1519, August 2005.<br />

[3] M. Medard, S. R. Chinn, and P. Saengudomlert. "Node<br />

wrappers for QoS monitoring in transparent optical nodes",<br />

<strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> High Speed <strong>Networks</strong>, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 247-<br />

268, 2001.<br />

[4] B. Ramamurthy, et al., "Impact <strong>of</strong> Transmission<br />

Impairments on the Teletraffic Performance <strong>of</strong><br />

Wavelength-Routed Optical <strong>Networks</strong>", <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />

Lightwave Technology, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 759-764, 1999.<br />

[5] D. Saha, B. Rajagopalan, and G. Berstein, “The Optical<br />

Network Control Plane: State <strong>of</strong> the Standards and<br />

Deployment”, IEEE Optical Communications, vol. 1, no.<br />

3, August 2003.<br />

[6] I. Tomkos, D. Vogiatzis, C. Mas, I. Zacharopoulos, A.<br />

Tzanakaki and E. Varvarigos, “Performance Engineering<br />

<strong>of</strong> Metropolitan Area Optical <strong>Networks</strong> through<br />

Impairment Constraint Routing”, IEEE Communications<br />

Magazine, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 40-47, August 2004.<br />

[7] R. Bergman, M. Médard, and S. Chan, “Distributed<br />

Algorithms for Attack Localization in All-Optical<br />

<strong>Networks</strong>”, Network and Distributed System Security<br />

Symposium, San Diego, 1998.<br />

[8] C. Mas, I. Tomkos, and O. K. Tonguz, “Optical networks<br />

security: a failure management framework”, ITCom,<br />

Optical Communications & Multimedia <strong>Networks</strong>,<br />

Orlando, Florida, 7-11 September 2003.<br />

[9] R. Rejeb, M. S. Leeson, and R. J. Green, “Multiple Attack<br />

Localization and Identification in All-Optical <strong>Networks</strong>”,<br />

Optical Switching and Networking, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 41-49,<br />

July 2006.<br />

[10] J. K. Patel, S. U. Kim, and D. Su, "A Framework for<br />

Managing Faults and Attacks in WDM Optical <strong>Networks</strong>,"<br />

Proceedings <strong>of</strong> DARPA Information Survivability<br />

Conference and Exposition (DISCEX 2001), vol. II, pp.<br />

137-145, June 2001.<br />

© 2010 ACADEMY PUBLISHER<br />

[11] T. Wu and A. K. Somani, "Necessary and Sufficient<br />

condition for k crosstalk attacks localization in All-Optical<br />

<strong>Networks</strong>", IEEE Globecom 2003, Dec. 1-5, 2003.<br />

[12] R. Rejeb, M. S. Leeson, and R. J. Green, “Hardware-Based<br />

Control Unit for All-Optical Components”, ICTON 2008,<br />

Athens, vol. 3, pp. 6-9, 22-26 June 2008.<br />

RIDHA REJEB is the Managing<br />

Director <strong>of</strong> the Institute for<br />

Advanced Engineering and<br />

Research (IAER Limited) and an<br />

Assistant Pr<strong>of</strong>essor at the Physics<br />

Institute, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Basic Sciences<br />

at the Esslingen University <strong>of</strong><br />

Applied Sciences in Germany. He<br />

has more than 18 years <strong>of</strong> industrial<br />

experience in network and computer<br />

operating systems. Ridha graduated in mathematics at the<br />

Stuttgart University <strong>of</strong> Applied Sciences in Germany. He<br />

received his M.Sc. degree in data communications systems from<br />

Brunel University and his Ph.D. in engineering from the<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Warwick, United Kingdom. His major research<br />

interests include security in communication systems, resilience<br />

in transparent optical networks and information theory. Ridha is<br />

an Associate Fellow in the Division <strong>of</strong> Electrical and Electronic<br />

Engineering, School <strong>of</strong> Engineering, University <strong>of</strong> Warwick,<br />

UK and a Member <strong>of</strong> the IEEE.<br />

MARK S LEESON is an Associate<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essor in the School <strong>of</strong><br />

Engineering at the University <strong>of</strong><br />

Warwick, UK. He received a Ph.D.<br />

for work on planar optical<br />

modulators from the University <strong>of</strong><br />

Cambridge, UK, in 1990 and then<br />

worked as a network analyst for a<br />

UK bank until 1992. Subsequently,<br />

he held academic appointments in<br />

London and Manchester before<br />

joining the University <strong>of</strong> Warwick in March 2000. His major<br />

research interests are optical receivers, optical communication<br />

systems, communication protocols, coding and modulation, ad<br />

hoc networking and evolutionary optimization. To date he has<br />

over 150 publications in these fields. He is a Chartered Member<br />

<strong>of</strong> the U.K. Institute <strong>of</strong> Physics, a Senior Member <strong>of</strong> the IEEE<br />

and a member <strong>of</strong> the U.K. EPSRC grants Peer Review College.<br />

CARMEN MAS MACHUCA is a senior<br />

researcher and Lecturer at the Institute<br />

<strong>of</strong> Communication <strong>Networks</strong>, Munich<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Technology (TUM),<br />

Germany. She formerly was an<br />

Assistant Pr<strong>of</strong>essor at the Athens<br />

Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology (AIT), Greece.<br />

In 1996, she graduated in<br />

Telecommunications Engineering from<br />

the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya<br />

(UPC), Spain. In 2000, she received her Ph.D. for research work<br />

on fault location algorithms for optical networks from the Swiss<br />

Federal Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, Lausanne (EPFL), where she<br />

also received a presidential award for achieved merits. Her<br />

major research interests include network techno-economic<br />

studies, optical networks security, network resilience and<br />

network control and management, topics on which she has co-

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