PhD Reza Erfanzadeh 2009 - Ghent Ecology - Universiteit Gent

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Spatio-temporal aspects of early vegetation succession in a recently restored salt-marsh ecosystem: a case study of the IJzer estuary (Belgium) Reza Erfanzadeh Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Sciences (Biology) Promotor: Prof. Dr. Maurice Hoffmann Ghent University 2009
Page 1: Ghent University Faculty of Science
Page 7: To My Wife, Fatemeh For my sons, Po
Page 10 and 11: VIII This work could not have been
Page 13 and 14: Table of contents CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1 General introduction
Page 17 and 18: time (Glenn-Lewin & van der Maarel
Page 19 and 20: tolerant (competitively superior) a
Page 21 and 22: inundation (Egan & Ungar 2000; Wolt
Page 23 and 24: colonizers have shorter and lighter
Page 25 and 26: exhibit increased species diversity
Page 27 and 28: grazing-sensitive species, because
Page 29 and 30: The ability of certain plants to su
Page 31 and 32: successional species tend to form p
Page 33 and 34: ● ○ Fig. 1.3. The position of t
Page 35 and 36: A B Fig. 1.5. Photos taken by Massa
Page 37 and 38: sedimentation and erosion, topograp
Page 39 and 40: In chapter 3, all plots of which in
Page 41 and 42: important as a natural flood contro
Page 43 and 44: show cyclical and directional veget
Page 45 and 46: The relationships between biotic an
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 2 Factors affecting the suc
Page 49 and 50: Key words: Site suitability, Seed d
Page 51 and 52: spatial distribution of seed source
Page 53 and 54:
uildings and slurry material during
Page 55 and 56:
methodology of ter Heerdt et al. (1
Page 57 and 58:
from 2003 until 2007. For each plan
Page 59 and 60:
significant correlation between spe
Page 61 and 62:
2.4.4 Plant traits Seeds of early c
Page 63 and 64:
correlation between the abundance o
Page 65 and 66:
In our study, most species growing
Page 67 and 68:
Chapter 3 Inundation frequency dete
Page 69 and 70:
are getting more and more spatially
Page 71 and 72:
(Odland & del Moral 2002). Similar
Page 73 and 74:
3.3 Material and methods 3.3.1 Stud
Page 75 and 76:
% 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 77 and 78:
Cover(%) Cover(%) 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.
Page 79 and 80:
of perennials increased by 86% betw
Page 81 and 82:
Annual cover (%) Perennial cover (%
Page 83 and 84:
Annual cover (%) Perennial cover (%
Page 85 and 86:
3.5 Discussion Annual species were
Page 87 and 88:
addition, in the salt-marsh environ
Page 89 and 90:
Chapter 4 Short-term impact of shee
Page 91 and 92:
athericus. A higher intensity of mi
Page 93 and 94:
In this context, the use of managem
Page 95 and 96:
and Phragmites australis, and to ma
Page 97 and 98:
determined based on the van Soest a
Page 99 and 100:
p
Page 101 and 102:
Species richness Total cover(%) 1.6
Page 103 and 104:
Table 4.2. Comparisons between excl
Page 105 and 106:
4.5 Discussion The results show tha
Page 107 and 108:
species and refresh leaves and stem
Page 109 and 110:
Chapter 5 Environmentally determine
Page 111 and 112:
appearance of gaps in the perennial
Page 113 and 114:
(Christensen & Peet 1984; McClanaha
Page 115 and 116:
percentages of particle diameter of
Page 117 and 118:
0.8 Axis 2 -0.6 1.0 Axis 2 EC A Par
Page 119 and 120:
5.4.3 The results of logistic regre
Page 121 and 122:
propagules disperse themselves very
Page 123 and 124:
5.6 Conclusion Vegetation analyses
Page 125 and 126:
Chapter 6 The effect of successiona
Page 127 and 128:
colonizers, while most perennial sp
Page 129 and 130:
(Espinar et al. 2005). The density
Page 131 and 132:
The area of IJzermonding has recent
Page 133 and 134:
dependent variables while, depth ca
Page 135 and 136:
Similarity(%) Similarity(%) 40 35 3
Page 137 and 138:
Seed density(m²) Seed density(m²)
Page 139 and 140:
Table 6.2. Relative abundance of sp
Page 141 and 142:
As shown in Table 6.2, Saeftinghe a
Page 143 and 144:
contrast, some authors demonstrated
Page 145 and 146:
seedlings of both can not be distin
Page 147 and 148:
Chapter 7 General conclusions
Page 149 and 150:
athericus when salt-marshes become
Page 151 and 152:
according to Dausse et al. (2008) i
Page 153 and 154:
Species replacement takes place due
Page 155 and 156:
absence/occurrence of perennial as
Page 157 and 158:
characterized as a late-successiona
Page 159 and 160:
necessary, and may elucidate why so
Page 161 and 162:
References Adam, P. 1990. Saltmarsh
Page 163 and 164:
Bakker, J.P., Poschlod, P., Strykst
Page 165 and 166:
Bossuyt, B., Stichelmans, E. & Hoff
Page 167 and 168:
Clements, F.E. 1916. Plant Successi
Page 169 and 170:
Dijkema, K. S. 1987. Changes in sal
Page 171 and 172:
Falinska, K. 1999. Seed bank dynami
Page 173 and 174:
esearch review. pp. 5-10. Institute
Page 175 and 176:
Hillebrand, H. & Blenckner, T. 2002
Page 177 and 178:
Huckle, J.M., Potter, J.A. & Marrs,
Page 179 and 180:
Kiehl, K. 1997. Vegetationsmuster i
Page 181 and 182:
Lamoot, I., Vandenberghe, C., Bauwe
Page 183 and 184:
Mayer, A.M. & Poljakoff-Mayber, A.
Page 185 and 186:
Olff, H., Bakker, J.P. & Fresco, L.
Page 187 and 188:
Pétillon, J., Georges, A., Canard,
Page 189 and 190:
Ramseier, D. 2000. Why remove the t
Page 191 and 192:
Redecker, B., Finck, P., Härdtle,
Page 193 and 194:
properties of vertisol in East Afri
Page 195 and 196:
Ungar, I.A. & Woodell, S.R.J. 1996.
Page 197 and 198:
dicotyledonous wetland species with
Page 199 and 200:
Ysebaert, T., Meininger, P.L., Meir
Page 201 and 202:
Summary Plant succession is the cha
Page 203 and 204:
successional stages new colonizers
Page 205 and 206:
Appendices Appendix A - The positio
Page 207 and 208:
Appendix B - The position of the ve
Page 209 and 210:
Appendix C - The position of the ex
Page 211 and 212:
Appendix D - The position of the ve
Page 213 and 214:
Appendix E.1 - The position of the
Page 215 and 216:
Appendix E.2 - The position of the
Page 217 and 218:
Appendix F - Relative abundance of
Page 219 and 220:
Appendix G - Relative abundance of
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PhD Reza Erfanzadeh 2009 - Ghent Ecology - Universiteit Gent

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