Living on the Margins. Minorities in South Asia - EURAC

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tribal homelands. This has led to erosion of the authority of their tribal institutions and practices and put at risk their community oriented values, collective identities, cognitive heritage, distinguishing socio-cultural and linguistic frameworks and consensual decision making processes. The state policies of assimilation and national integration, including national education and linguistic policies, are all contributing to a kind of steady ethnocide. To conclude, we may state that the confusion over whether the tribes, scheduled tribes or nationalities of the Asian countries can be termed indigenous or not has little to do with conceptual clarity. It has to do with the politics of the dominant ruling classes. As the struggles of the tribal peoples of Asia and the indigenous peoples of North and South America, Australia and New Zealand are similar, and as the current efforts of the United Nations is to institutionalise better provisions for the indigenous peoples, the tribal peoples of the Asian region, (variously known as Adivasis, Janajatis, aborigines, nationalities and tribes) should be regarded as indigenous in the context of international instruments. It is true that a declaration is a very weak instrument and is not enforceable, yet it has a moral force and does exert some amount of restraint on states. Selected Bibliography A.Webber, History of Indian Literature, Kegan Trench & Trubner Press, London, 1914 W.W. Hunter, Annals of Rural Bengal (1886), Reprinted by Cosmo Publications, New Delhi 1975 Ramayana Myth or Reality, H. D. Sankalia, PPH, New Delhi 1973 Martinez Cobo, José 1972. Preliminary report. E/CN.4/Sub.2/L.566, June 1972. The final report was completed in 1983. Sanders, Douglas 1989. Human Rights Quarterly, Vol.11, pp 406-433, Johns Hopkins University Press. Frances Stoner Saunders, The Cultural Cold War, The New Press, New York 2000 Ranjit Gupta, Subaltern Studies IV, Oxford University Press, New Delhi 1990 Department of Information & Culture, Government of West Bengal, India’s Struggle for Freedom – An Album, Govt of West Bengal, Calcutta, 1987 169
Tribal Land Alienation in Maharashtra: Legality, Illegality and Praxis Pradip Prabhu The Tribal People of Maharashtra Maharashtra has the second largest tribal population in the country next only to that of Madhya Pradesh. The tribal people, who number 8.58 milions, constitute 8.9% of the state’s population. The major tribal communities are the Bhils, Gonds, Mahadev Kolis, Warlis, Koknas and Thakars, while the Katkaris, Kolam and Madia Gonds are classified as primitive tribes. 19 o the 47 ST communities have a miniscule population of less than 1,000. The geographical distribution of the major tribal communities is presented in Table below Table 1 Name of tribe Total population % of tribal Geographical location (in lakhs) population Bhil 18.18 21.2 Nandurbar, Dhule, Nashik Gond 15.54 18.1 Gadchiroli, Chandrapur, Wardha, Nagpur, Bhandara, Gondia, Yavatmal Mahadev Koli 12.28 14.3 Ahmednagar, Thane, Nashik, Buldhana Warli 6.27 7.3 Thane, Nashik, Mumbai Kokna 5.72 6.7 Thane, Nashik Thakar 4.88 5.7 Raigad, Thane, Nashik Source: Collated from Census of India 2001 Though present in every district, six districts account for 54% of the tribal population, officially called Scheduled Tribes. 1 The hilly tracts of the western Sahayadri range (Nandurbar, Dhule, Nashik, Thane and Raigad districts); and the Satpuda and Mahadeo hill ranges in central Gondwana (Gadchiroli, Chandrapur, Bhandara, Nagpur, Amravati and Yavatmal districts) are considered the traditional homelands of the tribal people. Nandurabar has the highest concentration of tribal people, while Thane district has the highest population. The district-wise distribution is given in Table 2. Table 2 District ST population of total district (lakhs) ST as %age of total district population 1 Nandurbar 8.59 65.53 5 2 Gadchiroli 3.72 38.31 8 3 Dhule 4.44 25.97 3 4 Nashik 11.94 23.92 7 5 Yavatmal 4.73 19.26 4 6 Chandrapur 3.75 18.12 1 7 Gondia 1.96 16.36 Nil 8 Thane 11.99 14.75 10 9 Amravati 3.56 13.68 2 10 Wardha 1.54 12.49 Nil No. of Blocks scheduled 170
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Prepared in the frame of EURASIAN
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I - Introduction Rita Manchanda II
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‘powerlessness’. The history of
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theory of the ‘clash of civilizat
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unitary ideology, centralized struc
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Pakistan: Constitution based discri
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their construction process, since t
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Chowdhury explores the dilemma of a
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such a collusion and has systematic
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viii The rights of ‘people’ and
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these make for an egalitarian socie
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Muslims. There are three kinds of w
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Nonetheless, this alignment with se
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the oppressed even while we recogni
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The result was the impoverishment o
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negligence or failure has its roots
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Muslims, in other words have joined
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xviii Indicators of development her
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social identity of the ruling class
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Since Bengalis in general were in c
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As long as separate electorate exis
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their significance as a group and h
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it would seem that Bangladeshi Hind
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However, the image of Hindus as vot
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Trends Production of communalism or
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Religious Minorities in Pakistan: M
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In the 1981 census, out of a total
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the 1998 Census, caste Hindus const
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elationship with Sikhs in Afghanist
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Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Excerpts of In
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many regimes would use the Islamic
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The 1956 Constitution largely refle
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Christian & Hindu Votes Impact 50 N
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across the country. Now, Pakistan
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that takes Pakistan’s plural trad
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minorities and women. This was evin
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Wolpert, S., Zulfi Bhutto of Pakist
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ensures that it is fully absorbed a
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aggressiveness and Hindus are aggre
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community, is subject to the most i
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frenzy”. The major absence in thi
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After the death of emperor Aurangze
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speech is used to create silences,
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Muslims in Sri Lanka: Political Cho
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They rarely highlighted their ‘Mu
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generation of the Muslim intelligen
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Athaullah, Rishard Bathiuddeen, and
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forces hoped that the Rajapaksa reg
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won 15 seats while the UPFA won 18.
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xvii After the general elections of
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an equal opportunity law in 1996-19
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administration headed by the Eelam
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nationalism was that the nationhood
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Rights Claims in Muslim Politics Mu
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councils for the two provinces. Bot
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A subsequent agreement signed betwe
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areas where the local majority popu
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a scheme for an interim administrat
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months later. The de-merger occurre
Page 119 and 120: Meanwhile, the strategies of minori
Page 121 and 122: xvii Cited in Loganathan, 1996, p.
Page 123 and 124: I will just briefly summarize it he
Page 125 and 126: Table 1: Parliament Seats under FPT
Page 127 and 128: under the district governments, the
Page 129 and 130: However, there are other groups whi
Page 131 and 132: The threshold for PR election shoul
Page 133 and 134: controlled by local elite (Harper a
Page 135 and 136: Likewise, the parliament could deci
Page 137 and 138: Binswanger, Hans P., and Miranda El
Page 139 and 140: Stash, Sharon, and Emily Hannum. 20
Page 141 and 142: The in-migration of labor force fro
Page 143 and 144: India was divided into two sovereig
Page 145 and 146: culturally. In the last five thousa
Page 147 and 148: Meanwhile, the non-Muslim minoritie
Page 149 and 150: The Current Nationalist Movement in
Page 151 and 152: leave Karachi. Outward migration re
Page 153 and 154: are for and against lobbies in Isla
Page 155 and 156: It is questionable whether the nati
Page 157 and 158: 17 Aitizaz Ahsan, The Indus Saga, A
Page 159 and 160: wars between the tribes and the Bri
Page 161 and 162: and ethnocide of indigenous populat
Page 163 and 164: governments did not allow their NG0
Page 165 and 166: But even these additional criteria
Page 167 and 168: the ‘outsiders’ who have strang
Page 169: date. In India, despite the protect
Page 173 and 174: Bhamragad 18 14.76 35.26 13.94 13.1
Page 175 and 176: name of projects using the colonial
Page 177 and 178: hands of landlords. (25) The fourth
Page 179 and 180: means that those who have been depr
Page 181 and 182: Examination of the case records sho
Page 183 and 184: While the table appears to be recen
Page 185 and 186: 5. Tribal Research and Training Ins
Page 187 and 188: Legality and Pragmatism Usha Ramana
Page 189 and 190: to resolve this problem that, other
Page 191 and 192: means of livelihood”. 15 The “o
Page 193 and 194: leasehold rights but only a licence
Page 195 and 196: public lands was being addressed in
Page 197 and 198: was in the eighties and the early n
Page 199 and 200: obligations have devolved upon them
Page 201 and 202: There is a direct relationship betw
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