Living on the Margins. Minorities in South Asia - EURAC

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Malik, I.H., Islam Nationalism and the West: Issues of Identity in Pakistan, Oxford, St Antony’s-Macmillan, 1999. Malik, I.H., State and Civil Society in Pakistan: Politics of Authority Ideology and Ethnicity, Oxford, St Antony’s-Macmillan, 1997. Malik, I.H., U.S.–South Asia Relations, 1784–1940: A Historical Perspective, Islamabad, Area Study Centre, 1988. Mughal, D. and Jivan, J. (eds), Religious Minorities in Pakistan:Struggle for Identity, Rawalpindi, Christian Study Centre, 1996. Mujeeb-ur-Rahman, Persecution of Ahmadis in Pakistan, Maple, Islamic International Publications, 1993. National Commission for Justice and Peace (NCJP), Human Rights Monitor – 199 to 2006, Lahore, NCJP, 1998. Nazir-Ali, M., Pakistani Christians, mimeo, Rochester, Bishopscourt, 21 October 1991. Qaisarqandi, A.M., Zikri Mazhab Aur Islam, Karachi, Khattam-INabuwwat, 1978. Robertson, G.S., The Kafirs of the Hindu-Kush, Karachi, Oxford University Press, 1986 (reprint). Robertson, G.S., Chitral: The Story of a Minor Siege, Karachi, Oxford University Press, 1977 (reprint). Saleem, A., Pakistan Aur Aqlieetain, Karachi, Daniyal, 2000. Sisson, R. and Rose, L., War and Secession: Pakistan, India, and the Creation of Bangladesh, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1990. Syed, A.H., The Discourse and Politics of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1992. Talbot, I., Pakistan: A Modern History, London, Hurst and Co., 1998. Talbot, I., Freedom’s Cry: The Popular Dimension in the Pakistan Movement and the Partition Experience in North-west India, Karachi, Oxford University Press, 1996. Titus, P. (ed.), Marginality and Modernity: Ethnicity and Change in Post-Colonial Balochistan, Karachi, Oxford University Press, 1996. Wheeler, R.E.M., Five Thousand Years: An Archaeological Outline, London, Christopher Johnson (Publishers) Ltd, 1950. 71
Wolpert, S., Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan, Karachi, Oxford University Press, 1994. Ziring, L., The Ayub Khan Era: Politics in Pakistan, 1958–1969, Syracuse, Syracuse University Press, 1971. See also: Dawn, Din, Friday Times, Guardian, Herald, Jang, Jihd-i-Haq, Mirror, Nawai-Waqt, News, Newsline, Ux-o-Aeena, and various reports by Amnesty International and Human Rights 72
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Prepared in the frame of EURASIAN
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I - Introduction Rita Manchanda II
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‘powerlessness’. The history of
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theory of the ‘clash of civilizat
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unitary ideology, centralized struc
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Pakistan: Constitution based discri
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their construction process, since t
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Chowdhury explores the dilemma of a
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such a collusion and has systematic
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viii The rights of ‘people’ and
Page 21 and 22: these make for an egalitarian socie
Page 23 and 24: Muslims. There are three kinds of w
Page 25 and 26: Nonetheless, this alignment with se
Page 27 and 28: the oppressed even while we recogni
Page 29 and 30: The result was the impoverishment o
Page 31 and 32: negligence or failure has its roots
Page 33 and 34: Muslims, in other words have joined
Page 35 and 36: xviii Indicators of development her
Page 37 and 38: social identity of the ruling class
Page 39 and 40: Since Bengalis in general were in c
Page 41 and 42: As long as separate electorate exis
Page 43 and 44: their significance as a group and h
Page 45 and 46: it would seem that Bangladeshi Hind
Page 47 and 48: However, the image of Hindus as vot
Page 49 and 50: Trends Production of communalism or
Page 51 and 52: Religious Minorities in Pakistan: M
Page 53 and 54: In the 1981 census, out of a total
Page 55 and 56: the 1998 Census, caste Hindus const
Page 57 and 58: elationship with Sikhs in Afghanist
Page 59 and 60: Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Excerpts of In
Page 61 and 62: many regimes would use the Islamic
Page 63 and 64: The 1956 Constitution largely refle
Page 65 and 66: Christian & Hindu Votes Impact 50 N
Page 67 and 68: across the country. Now, Pakistan
Page 69 and 70: that takes Pakistan’s plural trad
Page 71: minorities and women. This was evin
Page 75 and 76: ensures that it is fully absorbed a
Page 77 and 78: aggressiveness and Hindus are aggre
Page 79 and 80: community, is subject to the most i
Page 81 and 82: frenzy”. The major absence in thi
Page 83 and 84: After the death of emperor Aurangze
Page 85 and 86: speech is used to create silences,
Page 87 and 88: Muslims in Sri Lanka: Political Cho
Page 89 and 90: They rarely highlighted their ‘Mu
Page 91 and 92: generation of the Muslim intelligen
Page 93 and 94: Athaullah, Rishard Bathiuddeen, and
Page 95 and 96: forces hoped that the Rajapaksa reg
Page 97 and 98: won 15 seats while the UPFA won 18.
Page 99 and 100: xvii After the general elections of
Page 101 and 102: an equal opportunity law in 1996-19
Page 103 and 104: administration headed by the Eelam
Page 105 and 106: nationalism was that the nationhood
Page 107 and 108: Rights Claims in Muslim Politics Mu
Page 109 and 110: councils for the two provinces. Bot
Page 111 and 112: A subsequent agreement signed betwe
Page 113 and 114: areas where the local majority popu
Page 115 and 116: a scheme for an interim administrat
Page 117 and 118: months later. The de-merger occurre
Page 119 and 120: Meanwhile, the strategies of minori
Page 121 and 122: xvii Cited in Loganathan, 1996, p.
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I will just briefly summarize it he
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Table 1: Parliament Seats under FPT
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under the district governments, the
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However, there are other groups whi
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The threshold for PR election shoul
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controlled by local elite (Harper a
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Likewise, the parliament could deci
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Binswanger, Hans P., and Miranda El
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Stash, Sharon, and Emily Hannum. 20
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The in-migration of labor force fro
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India was divided into two sovereig
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culturally. In the last five thousa
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Meanwhile, the non-Muslim minoritie
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The Current Nationalist Movement in
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leave Karachi. Outward migration re
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are for and against lobbies in Isla
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It is questionable whether the nati
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17 Aitizaz Ahsan, The Indus Saga, A
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wars between the tribes and the Bri
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and ethnocide of indigenous populat
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governments did not allow their NG0
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But even these additional criteria
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the ‘outsiders’ who have strang
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date. In India, despite the protect
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Tribal Land Alienation in Maharasht
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Bhamragad 18 14.76 35.26 13.94 13.1
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name of projects using the colonial
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hands of landlords. (25) The fourth
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means that those who have been depr
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Examination of the case records sho
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While the table appears to be recen
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5. Tribal Research and Training Ins
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Legality and Pragmatism Usha Ramana
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to resolve this problem that, other
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means of livelihood”. 15 The “o
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leasehold rights but only a licence
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public lands was being addressed in
Page 197 and 198:
was in the eighties and the early n
Page 199 and 200:
obligations have devolved upon them
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There is a direct relationship betw
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