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Baylands Ecosystem Species and Community Profiles Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Key Plants, Fish and Wildlife Prepared by the San Francisco Bay Area Wetlands Ecosystem Goals Project
To order additional copies of this report ($25.00 each), please contact: San Francisco Estuary Project c/o S.F. Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board 1515 Clay Street, Suite 1400 Oakland, CA 94612 (510) 622-2465 Please cite this report as: Goals Project. 2000. Baylands Ecosystem Species and Community Profiles: Life histories and environmental requirements of key plants, fish and wildlife. Prepared by the San Francisco Bay Area Wetlands Ecosystem Goals Project. P.R. Olofson, editor. San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board, Oakland, Calif. Also available from the Goals Project: Baylands Ecosystem Habitat Goals: A report of habitat recommendations. March 1999. Reprint with minor corrections, June 2000. Printing of the Species Profiles was made possible, in part, by a grant from the CALFED Bay-Delta Program through the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to Friends of the Estuary: CALFED Project #99-B10 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Grant #00FC200183
Page 1: S Baylands Ecosystem pecies and Com
Page 6 and 7: Editor Authors Report Production Cr
Page 8 and 9: Contents Credits ..................
Page 10 and 11: f. Inchworm Moth (Perizoma custodia
Page 12 and 13: 7. Bayland Birds Other than Shorebi
Page 14 and 15: 1. Plant Communities List of Tables
Page 16 and 17: 1. Plant Communities List of Figure
Page 18 and 19: Figure 5.6 North American River Ott
Page 20 and 21: T Introduction he San Francisco Bay
Page 22 and 23: Plants of Shallow Subtidal Habitat
Page 24 and 25: Table 1.1 Acreage of Individual Eel
Page 26 and 27: Laura Hanson Zostera marina plants,
Page 28 and 29: Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc. 1
Page 30 and 31: Introduction Tidal Marsh Plants of
Page 32 and 33: Peter Baye Pickleweed (Salicornia v
Page 34 and 35: dom occur in the middle salt marsh
Page 36 and 37: dance (common to co-dominant) inclu
Page 38 and 39: Peter Baye Regionally rare smooth g
Page 40 and 41: Peter Baye The southern-most popula
Page 42 and 43: ally been designed for wildlife spe
Page 44 and 45: Table 1.3 Historic Changes in the D
Page 46 and 47: Table 1.3 (continued) Historic Chan
Page 52 and 53:
Table 1.3 (continued) Historic Chan
Page 54 and 55:
Skinner, M.W. and B.M. Pavlick. 199
Page 56 and 57:
dominated plains with fringes of co
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pulcher), purslane (Sesuvium verruc
Page 60 and 61:
particularly where disturbance has
Page 62 and 63:
jacent to the Bay at one site (Zent
Page 64 and 65:
Plants of San Francisco Bay Salt Po
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trated solution of sodium chloride,
Page 68 and 69:
extent of salt ponds in the souther
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Plant Communities Ecotonal to the B
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The geologic factor that most influ
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most of its characteristic species.
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gen content from low to relatively
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sites for valley oak reproduction b
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tive Eichornia crassipes is importa
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Table 1.4 Rare Plant Species* Found
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Table 1.4 (continued) Rare Plant Sp
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References Abbott, P. L. 1984. The
Page 88 and 89:
231-241. Wieslander, A. E. and H. A
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2 Estuarine Fish and Associated Inv
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cisco Estuary. San Francisco Estuar
Page 94 and 95:
Figure 2.1 Seasonal Distribution of
Page 96 and 97:
flounder, English sole, Pacific tom
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of estuaries prior to spawning to a
Page 100 and 101:
Rock crabs appear to be influenced
Page 102 and 103:
General Information Leopard Shark T
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cific herring eggs adhere to the su
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een shown to be best for egg develo
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Sacramento Splittail General Inform
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Figure 2.4 Trends in Age-0 Splittai
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maxima ranged from 22-33° C. As fu
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to 14,000 eggs are laid per female,
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Trophic Levels Chinook salmon are p
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is 1.3-10.2 cm (0.5-10.2 in) in dia
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no. 25, Westwater Research Centre,
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General Information Steelhead Oncor
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Proximal Species Egg Predators: Fre
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or rocks, and submerged vegetation.
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populations by reducing its food su
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General Information Longfin Smelt S
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per Suisun Bay). The location of X2
Page 134 and 135:
Wang, J.C.S. 1986. Fishes of the Sa
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Emmett, R.L., S.L. Stone, S.A. Hint
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Prey: Diatoms (major); diatoms, chi
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Anadromous forms typically spawn ea
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General Information Brown Rockfish
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A guide to the early life histories
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Population Status and Influencing F
Page 148 and 149:
found more in upper elevations. Nei
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General Information Striped Bass Mo
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oped, but by the sixth day the yolk
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Distribution The shiner perch occur
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and dam construction, and reduced f
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fat innkeeper worm (Urechis caupo),
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General Information Bay Goby Lepido
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Commensal Hosts: Blue mud shrimp, i
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eported from Elkhorn Slough, where
Page 166 and 167:
1971, Haaker 1975). California hali
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Barnett, A.M., A.E. Jahn, P.D. Sert
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(Radtke 1966, Moyle 1976); however,
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Franciscan Brine Shrimp General Inf
Page 174 and 175:
California Vernal Pool Tadpole Shri
Page 176 and 177:
Biology General Sample Location Fig
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dicate that this beetle was also fo
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Actual Size 2.5 mm Wes Maffei Figur
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States (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae).
Page 184 and 185:
Inchworm Moth Perizoma custodiata W
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Pygmy Blue Butterfly Brephidium exi
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Summer Salt Marsh Mosquito Aedes do
Page 190 and 191:
Winter Salt Marsh Mosquito Aedes sq
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eas away from their breeding sites,
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Biology Larvae usually hatch during
Page 196 and 197:
Autogeny, or the development of egg
Page 198 and 199:
Harwood, R.F. and N. Takata. 1965.
Page 200 and 201:
Rees, D.M. and K. Onishi. 1951. Mor
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five days. The larva immediately be
Page 204 and 205:
Jamieson’s Compsocryptus Wasp Com
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easily overlooked group of organism
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Figure 3.26 A Partial Web of the Or
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Figure 3.29 A Partial Web of the Or
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Table 3.10 Known Terrestrial or Sem
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California Tiger Salamander General
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overdraft (Jennings and Hayes 1994)
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Dermaptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, C
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The choruses may continue into dayl
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______. 1985. A field guide to west
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catesbeiana) and crayfish (specific
Page 226 and 227:
smaller sizes and ages than females
Page 228 and 229:
petology. Southwestern Herpetologis
Page 230 and 231:
Current Status and Factors Influenc
Page 232 and 233:
Growth and Development Unknown. If
Page 234 and 235:
tral colorations in habitats occupi
Page 236 and 237:
eceived and published by the Intern
Page 238 and 239:
Transactions of the Western Section
Page 240 and 241:
Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse Life Histo
Page 242 and 243:
Conservation and Management There a
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Appendix 5.1 (continued) Important
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Life History California Vole Microt
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______. 1973. Regulation of numbers
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Many changes have taken place since
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(Grindelia humulis), California bul
Page 258 and 259:
slightly differentiated populations
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1980s the California Department of
Page 262 and 263:
Life History Southern Sea Otter Enh
Page 264 and 265:
Life History Harbor Seal Phoca vitu
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east to Treasure Island, northwest
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south to the Gulf of California, Ba
Page 270 and 271:
Life History Non-Native Predators:
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Non-Native Predator: Red Fox Vulpes
Page 274 and 275:
Tule Greater White-Fronted Goose In
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trend data for selected years betwe
Page 278 and 279:
Disturbance - Most Pacific Flyway t
Page 280 and 281:
Introduction Mallard Anas platyrhyn
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plants, as well as agricultural was
Page 284 and 285:
Introduction Northern Pintail Anas
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Figure 6.4 Maximum Counts of Northe
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most beneficial to dabbling ducks.
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December. Nearly 90% of canvasbacks
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wild celery, sago, bulrush seeds, a
Page 294 and 295:
eproductive performance of canvasba
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Roosting - Surf scoters roost almos
Page 298 and 299:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USF
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Central Bay - Observations of ruddy
Page 302 and 303:
Introduction Western Snowy Plover C
Page 304 and 305:
Disturbance - Snowy plovers are dis
Page 306 and 307:
Breeding Biology - Although small n
Page 308 and 309:
Conservation and Management Contami
Page 310 and 311:
Recher, H.F. 1966. Some aspects of
Page 312 and 313:
Black turnstones pick food from the
Page 314 and 315:
guna Ojo de Liebre, Baja California
Page 316 and 317:
salt evaporator ponds in the Haywar
Page 318 and 319:
ange were found between sexes (Warn
Page 320 and 321:
were most preferred, and salt marsh
Page 322 and 323:
Introduction Long-Billed Dowitcher
Page 324 and 325:
Population Trends In Florida, there
Page 326 and 327:
References Avise, J.C. and R.M. Zin
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South Bay - PRBO spring count: 213.
Page 330 and 331:
Hayward area sewage treatment ponds
Page 332 and 333:
salt ponds in the baylands. The win
Page 334 and 335:
estimate the amount of salt pond ha
Page 336 and 337:
Figure 6.23 Waterfowl Use of Salt P
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Introduction 7 Other Birds of the B
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more thorough, two-year study of th
Page 342 and 343:
Conservation and Management The pre
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fish are not available, brown pelic
Page 346 and 347:
Carter, H.R., A.L. Sowls and M.S. R
Page 348 and 349:
Bay breeding birds in 1971 (Gill 19
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Flood Control Basin. At the same ti
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Table 7.2 Estimated Breeding Pairs
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Much predation takes place during h
Page 356 and 357:
ported on the importance of cordgra
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ats took 24% of eggs in 50 nests, a
Page 360 and 361:
Bay. M.S. Thesis, Stanford Univ., P
Page 362 and 363:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Page 364 and 365:
Figure 7.4 Distribution and Relativ
Page 366 and 367:
Other pressures that threaten to al
Page 368 and 369:
list, suggesting that he failed to
Page 370 and 371:
Introduction California Gull Larus
Page 372 and 373:
should be maintained as nesting hab
Page 374 and 375:
Colony Site Status Colony Site Stat
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cury in eggs of coastal terns and h
Page 378 and 379:
In addition to the colonies at Broo
Page 380 and 381:
Peterson, R.T. 1990. A field guide
Page 382 and 383:
Habitat Use and Behavior California
Page 384 and 385:
Description The burrowing owl is a
Page 386 and 387:
owls in central California in 1991.
Page 388 and 389:
Predators - There is little direct
Page 390 and 391:
lowthroat, and salt marsh yellowthr
Page 392 and 393:
the older and higher parts of marsh
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Conservation and Management The loc
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mately seven inches spread) and lon
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color-band 33, plus 13 juveniles; m
Page 400 and 401:
Table 7.8 Key Habitats Usage by Thr
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sinuous natural channels with their
Page 404 and 405:
2. Expand any of the areas listed u
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value, and might even be found to e
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Species October-November 1980 (n=7)
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different five species comprised 81
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instead of “ N” as prefix for t
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ased on a map from the Cargill Salt
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have been observed flying on nearly
Page 418 and 419:
Island hill, which is surrounded by
Page 420 and 421:
Large numbers of this species have
Page 422 and 423:
are thus presumably alaudinus) thro
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Appendix A Author Contact Informati
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David G. Ainley H.T. Harvey and Ass
Page 428 and 429:
Michael F. McGowan San Francisco St
Page 430 and 431:
NOTES
Page 432 and 433:
NOTES
Page 434 and 435:
This report is printed with soybean
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