La Décision de Devenir Chef d'Orchestre - EPHE

MINISTERE DE LA JEUNESSE, DE L’EDUCATION NATIONALE
ET DE LA RECHERCHE
ECOLE PRATIQUE DES HAUTES ETUDES
Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre
DIPLOME POSTDOCTORAL
Présenté par:
Ioannis MAKRIS
Pour l’obtention du grade de diplômé de l’Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes
Discipline: Psychologie
La Décision de Devenir Chef d’Orchestre :
Un Inventaire Systématique des Motifs
Soutenu le 16 Décembre 2006 devant le jury composé de
Président:
Monsieur CELLIER Jean-Marie, DE E.P.H.E., Sorbonne -Paris
Assesseur :
Monsieur CHASSEIGNE Gérard, Professeur, Université de Champagne Monsieur
RAUFASTE Eric, Professeur, Université du Mirail
Examinateur :
Madame MUNOZ SASTRE Maria Teresa,Professeur, Université du Mirail
Monsieur MULLET Etienne, DE EPHE, MDR-Toulouse
Diplôme préparé dans le laboratoire Ethique et Travail de
l’Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes
Maison de la Recherche, UTM, F-31058, Toulouse cedex 1, France.
(Directeur d’Etudes EPHE: Monsieur Etienne Mullet)
Adresse éléctronique de M. le Professeur Etienne Mullet: mullet@univ-tlse2.fr
Adresse électronique personnellle: makrisconductor@yahoo.gr
L’objectif de la présente étude consistait à examiner, les divers motifs qui pouvaient faire de
quelqu’un chef d’orchestre. En raison de la diversité des motifs, nous avons décidé d’utiliser le cadre
large de la Reversal Theory (Apter 2001). En tant que cadre théorique général pour la personnalité,
nous avons utilisé la théorie du Big Five (Goldberg, 1992). Cent-un chefs d’orchestre, 17 femmes et
81 hommes, ont complété un premier questionnaire de 92 items référant à d’éventuels motifs pour
devenir chef d’orchestre, un second questionnaire de 50 items de personnalité, et un troisième qui
comportait des items se rapportant aux caractéristiques personnelles des participants. Une analyse
factorielle confirmatoire fut réalisée sur les données brutes au questionnaire de motifs. Le modèle
testé a été un modèle à huit facteurs dérivé de la Reversal Theory. Il a aussi été montré que les motifs
évoqués sont en relation notable avec la personnalité des participants.
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THE DECISION TO BECOME AN ORCHESTRA CONDUCTOR:
A SYSTEMATIC INVENTORY OF MOTIVES
The present study aimed at examining, the various motives that may lead an individual to
becoming a classic orchestra conductor. In view of the diversity of potential motives, it was
decided to use the broad framework offered by the Reversal Theory (Apter). The theoretical
framework for the examination of personality was based on the Big Five Theory (Goldberg, 1992).
One hundred and one conductors (17 females and 81 males, 50 of them Greeks first filled in a
questionnaire composed of 92 items referring to possible motives one may have for becoming an
orchestra conductor. The same sample then filled in a 50-item questionnaire which dealt with
personality matters and then filled a third questionnaire with questions salient to the personal
characteristics of the participants. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the raw data as
that derived from the Reversal Theory. The model tested was correlated on the eight-factor model.
It was proven that much of what participants claimed in their answers was largely based on their
personal characteristics.
Discipline: Psychologie
Mots clés: Musique, théorie de renversement, motif, chef d’orchestre.
Laboratoire Ethique et Travail de l’Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Maison de la Recherche,
UTM, F-31058, Toulouse cedex 1, France.
Sommaire
Remerciements…………………………………………………………… 3
Sommaire……………………………………………………………………. 4
Introduction………………………………………………………………….. 5
Méthode………………………………………………………………………. 44
Résultats……………………………………………………………………… 47
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Discussion……………………………………………………………………... 61
Références…………………………………………………………………….. 69
Annexes………………………………………………………………………. 79
Introduction
L’objectif de la présente étude était d’examiner, en nous appuyant sur un cadre théorique
actuel et précis (la théorie du renversement de Apter et la théorie des cinq facteurs de la
personnalité - Big Five Factor -), les divers motifs (raisons) qui pouvaient faire quelqu’un décide
de devenir un chef d’orchestre. L’objectif était également d’examiner les relations existant entre ces
motifs et les facteurs de base de la personnalité.
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