Breakthroughs Breakthroughs - ETH - Ultrafast Laser Physics

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IEEE Photonics Journal Photonic Integration Technologies [13] H. Takahashi, A. Al Amin, S. L. Jansen, I. Morita, and H. Tanaka, BDWDM transmission with 7.0-bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency using 8 65.1-Gbit/s coherent PDM-OFDM signals,[ presented at the Optical Fiber Commun. Conf. Expo., San Diego, CA, 2009, PDPB7. [14] A. H. Gnauck, P. J. Winzer, C. R. Doerr, and L. L. Buhl, B10 112 Gb/s PDM 16-QAM transmission over 630 km of fiber with 6.2-b/s/Hz spectral efficiency,[ presented at the Optical Fiber Commun. Conf. Expo., San Diego, CA, 2009, PDPB8. [15] H. Yamazaki, T. Yamada, T. Goh, Y. Sakamaki, and A. Kaneko, B64QAM modulator with a hybrid configuration of silica PLCs and LiNbO3 phase modulators for 100-Gb/s applications,[ in Proc. ECOC, 2009, pp. 1–4. [16] A. Sano et al., presented at the Eur. Conf. Optical Commun., 2009, PD2.2. Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2010 Page 272 Authorized licensed use limited to: ETH BIBLIOTHEK ZURICH. Downloaded on May 11,2010 at 11:24:39 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
IEEE Photonics Journal Ultrafast VCSELs for Datacom Ultrafast VCSELs for Datacom Dieter Bimberg (Invited Paper) Institut für Festkörperphysik und Zentrum für Nanophotonik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2010.2047386 1943-0655/$26.00 Ó2010 IEEE Manuscript received February 2, 2010; revised March 26, 2010. Current version published April 23, 2010. The work at TU Berlin was supported by EU FP7 under Grant 224211 (the BVISIT[ Project), the DFG (Sfb 787), and the State of Berlin (100 x 100 Optics). Corresponding author: D. Bimberg (e-mail: bimberg@physik.tu-berlin.de). Abstract: Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are broadly used as low-cost reliable light sources for high-speed data communication in local area and storage area networks (LANs/SANs), as well as for computer and consumer applications. The rapid increase of the serial transmission speed and the limitations of copper-based links at bit rates beyond 10 Gb/s and distances beyond 1 m extend the applications of fiber-optic interconnects to progressively shorter distances. The wavelength of 850 nm is standard for LAN/SAN applications over OM3 and OM4 multimode fibers and will continue playing an important role in future standards. In the last year, impressive results were achieved with oxide-confined VCSELs emitting at 850 nm. The data transmission rate could be shifted from 30 to 38 Gb/s, which is presently the highest data rate for any oxide-confined VCSELs. Index Terms: Data communication, interconnections, local area networks, optical interconnects, semiconductor lasers, storage area networks, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. Our modern communication society is increasingly hungry for bandwidth. Over the past few years, this hunger has been a driver for fast increases of memory capacity, in particular of flash memories, of the computational power of microprocessors, and the rapidly increasing demand for higher bit rates of data communication links. Interfaces for serial transmission at rates beyond 10 Gb/s are presently standardized for a variety of applications, including (with an expected data rate) Fibre Channel FC32G (34 Gb/s), InfiniBand (20 Gb/s), common electrical interface CEI (25–28 Gb/s), and universal serial bus protocol USB 4.0 (25 Gb/s or beyond). Because of the fundamental electro-magnetic limitations of copper-based links for bit rates beyond 10 Gb/s and distances beyond 1 m, fiber-based optics has now become indispensable for ultrafast data communication [1]–[4]. The rapidly increasing acceptance of short-reach optical interconnects and their penetration into traditional copper interconnect markets is enabled by the unique properties of advanced vertical-cavity surfaceemitting lasers (VCSELs) such as a near-circular output beam with a small divergence angle, low threshold current and power consumption, planar processing and on-wafer characterization enabling inexpensive production and testing, high reliability, and easy packaging. Oxide-confined VCSELs dominate today [5], [6]. Such devices have been available on the market for about 10 years, having established themselves as being very reliable, with impressive possibilities for high-volume, high-yield, and inexpensive manufacturing. Currently, up to 10-Gb/s oxide-confined VCSELs can be acquired from a variety of companies. Higher bit rates created a need for further research, and development in this area focused on increasing the modulation bandwidth, while Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2010 Page 273 Authorized licensed use limited to: ETH BIBLIOTHEK ZURICH. Downloaded on May 11,2010 at 11:24:39 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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Breakthroughs Breakthroughs - ETH - Ultrafast Laser Physics

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