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Metodologías de caracterización radiológica de bultos de residuos radiactivos desarrolladas por ENRESA<br />
4<br />
Theoretical methods correlating activity with contact<br />
dose rate, these being used to determine the<br />
activity of easily measured isotopes, gamma radiation<br />
emitters easily detected directly or indirectly<br />
from the exterior of waste packages.<br />
Semi-empirical methods, based on the correlation<br />
existing between easily measured and difficult<br />
to measure isotopes and used for the quantification<br />
of the latter, since they are impossible to<br />
measure using non-destructive methods (measurements<br />
on the package). Without such methods<br />
it would be necessary to systematically apply<br />
destructive analyses (radiochemistry) for quantification<br />
on the waste packages.<br />
In order to better understand the calculation methods<br />
developed by ENRESA, it is first necessary to describe<br />
certain concepts relating to the characteristics<br />
of the wastes themselves and of the measurement<br />
techniques and processes, such as:<br />
Types and basic characteristics of the radioactive<br />
isotopes present in low and intermediate<br />
level waste (LILW) packages.<br />
Direct measurement techniques for the different<br />
radioactive isotopes.<br />
Description of the physical nature of habitual<br />
radioactive wastes and of their types of conditioning.
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