REPORTE MUNDIAL DE DROGAS - LIBRO NRO 3: SUMINISTRO DE DROGAS

WORLD DRUG REPORT 2020
DRUG SUPPLY
Iran (Islamic
Republic of)
Afghanistan
Pakistan
India
Fig. 4 Countries reporting the largest quantities of opiates seized, 2018
4
27
19
Opium Morphine Heroin
Iran (Islamic
Iran (Islamic
644
21
25
Republic of)
Republic of)
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Oman
1
4
18
Turkey
United
States
China
9.0
6.3
19
Myanmar
3
Turkey
0.4
Pakistan
5.7
Tajikistan
2
China
0.3
Afghanistan
5.1
China
1.3
India
0.02
Belgium
4.5
Oman
0.8
Canada
0.01
Viet Nam
1.8
Turkey
0.7
Hong Kong,
China
0.01
Kenya
1.5
Uzbekistan
0.5
United States
0.01
Malaysia
1.4
Azerbaijan
0.4
Switzerland
0.001
Sudan
1.3
Mexico 0.3
New Zealand 0.001
Other Other
Other Other
1.2
countries
0.004
countries
0 200 400 600
0 20 40 60
Tons
Tons
Source: UNODC, responses to the annual report questionnaire.
India 1.3
Other Other
countries
14.3
0 20 40 60
Tons
to exceed the quantity of pharmaceutical opioids
seized. 2 The overall decline in the quantity of opiates
seized in 2018 was mostly due to a decrease by
half in the quantity of morphine seized. The quantity
of opium and heroin seized, by contrast, remained
rather stable in 2018 (+2 per cent for opium; and
-6 per cent for heroin on a year earlier).
2 A direct comparison between seizures of opiates and
pharmaceutical opioids is made difficult by variations in
potency between different substances. The largest quantity
of the pharmaceutical opioids seized, i.e., tramadol and
codeine, accounting for more than 95 per cent of all pharmaceutical
opioids seized in 2018, are clearly less potent
than heroin, while fentanyl, accounting for 4 per cent of
the quantity of all pharmaceutical opioids seized is, in
principle, 50 to 100 times more potent than heroin. However,
the bulk of the fentanyl seized can be highly adulterated;
for example, seized fentanyl substances contain, on
average, 5 per cent of fentanyl in seizures analysed in the
United States (Department of Justice, DEA, 2019 National
Drug Threat Assessment (December 2019)), the country
responsible for most of the fentanyl seized at the global
level.
The opiate seized in the largest quantity in 2018
continued to be opium (704 tons), followed by
heroin (97 tons) and morphine (43 tons). Expressed
in heroin equivalents, however, heroin continued
to be seized in larger quantities than opium or morphine.
Globally, 47 countries reported opium
seizures, 30 countries reported morphine seizures
and 103 countries reported heroin seizures in 2018,
suggesting that trafficking in heroin continues to
be more widespread in geographical terms than trafficking
in opium or morphine.
The quantities of opium and morphine seized continued
to be concentrated in just a few countries in
2018, with three countries accounting for 98 per
cent of the global quantity of opium seized and 97
per cent of the global quantity of morphine seized.
By contrast, seizures of heroin continue to be more
widespread, with 54 per cent of the global quantity
of heroin seized in 2018 accounted for by the three
countries with greatest seizures.
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