REPORTE MUNDIAL DE DROGAS - LIBRO NRO 3: SUMINISTRO DE DROGAS

Cannabis 3
Fig. 43 Global quantities of cannabis resin seized
and reported trends in cannabis herb
trafficking, 2008–2018
Quantities seized (tons)
1,500
1,000
500
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
150
100
50
Other
Near and Middle East/South-West Asia
Eastern and South-Eastern Europe
North Africa
Western and Central Europe
Cannabis resin trafficking trends index
0
Trafficking trends index: 2010 = 100
Fig. 44 Main cannabis resin-seizing countries,
2017 and 2018
Quantities (tons)
500
400
300
200
100
0
Spain
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
France
Italy
Morocco
2017 2018
Algeria
Turkey
Other
Source: UNODC, responses to the annual report questionnaire.
Note: The trafficking trends index is based on qualitative information
on trends in cannabis resin trafficking reported by Member
States. The trend line is calculated on the basis of the number of
countries reporting increases minus the number of countries
reporting decreases (2 points for "strong increase", 1 point for
"some increase", 0 points for “stable”, -1 point for "some decline",
-2 points for "strong decline”).
Islamic Republic of Iran. The largest cannabis resin
seizures over the period 2008–2018 were reported
by Spain, followed by Pakistan and Morocco.
Morocco, with 47,500 ha reported to be under cannabis
cultivation in 2018, continues to be the most
frequently mentioned source country for cannabis
resin worldwide in the annual report questionnaire,
being mentioned in more than a fifth of all cases as
the main country of origin of cannabis resin seized
worldwide over the period 2014–2018; Morocco
was followed by Afghanistan, where, a UNODC
survey found, in 2010 an area of 9,000–29,000 ha
was under cannabis cultivation. 221 Cannabis resin
produced in Morocco is mainly destined for other
markets in North Africa and markets in Western
and Central Europe. Some cannabis resin of Moroccan
origin is also trafficked to Eastern Europe and
South-Eastern Europe. Most cannabis resin of
221 UNODC and Ministry of Counter Narcotics of Afghanistan,
Afghanistan: Cannabis Survey 2010 (Vienna, 2011).
Source: UNODC, responses to the annual report questionnaire.
Moroccan origin destined for Europe is first shipped
to Spain, from where it is smuggled to other markets
in the region. For many years, including in the
period 2014–2018, Spain has been identified by
other European countries as the principal country
of departure and transit for cannabis resin, followed
by the Netherlands.
Afghanistan appears to be the second most important
source country of cannabis resin worldwide,
with 19 per cent of all mentions worldwide in the
annual report questionnaire over the period 2014–
2018, followed by Pakistan and Lebanon. The
cannabis resin produced in these countries is principally
destined for other countries in the Near and
Middle East/South-West Asia, although cannabis
resin originating in Afghanistan has also been identified
in Central Asia, Eastern Europe and Western
and Central Europe. The Islamic Republic of Iran
reported that the cannabis resin found on its territory
originated mainly in Afghanistan (followed by
Pakistan), with some 65 per cent destined for countries
of the Arabian peninsula, 15 per cent for the
Caucasus and some 20 per cent for domestic consumption.
Cannabis resin originating in Lebanon
is mainly found in the Near and Middle East and,
to a lesser extent, in Western and Central Europe.
73