REPORTE MUNDIAL DE DROGAS - LIBRO NRO 3: SUMINISTRO DE DROGAS

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WORLD DRUG REPORT 2020DRUG SUPPLYFig. 10 Area under coca bush cultivation, sprayed and manually eradicated in Colombia,1998–2018Hectares180,000160,000140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,0000199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018Cultivation Spraying Manual eradicationSource: UNODC and Colombia, Colombia: Monitoreo de Territorios Afectados por Cultivos Ilícitos 2018 (August 2019), andprevious years.Despite the slight decline in the size of the areaunder coca cultivation in 2018, coca cultivation wasstill at the second highest level ever reported inColombia. In parallel to the decline in coca bushcultivation in Colombia, by 2,000 ha, to 169,000ha in 2018, manual eradication of coca bushincreased by almost 8,000 ha to almost 60,000 ha.Cocaine manufacture is still on theincrease in Colombia despite a slightdecrease in the area under cocacultivationThe estimated area under cultivation in Colombiaas at 31 December 2018 totalled 169,000 ha, a slightdecrease from 171,000 ha in 2017. The “productiveHectaresHectaresFig. 11 Coca cultivation and manufacture of cocaine in Colombia180,000150,000120,00090,00060,00030,0000 0Coca bush cultivation, 2001–201820002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 20052005 20062006 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010 20112011 20122012 20132013 20142014 20152015 20162016 20172017 20182018Size of the coca bush productive area and potentialmanufacture of pure cocaine, 2005–2018210,000210,000180,000180,000150,000150,000HectaresHectaresHectares120,000120,00090,00090,00060,00060,00030,00030,0000 0 02005200520062005 200620072006 200720082007 200820092008 200920102009 201020112010 201120122011 201220132012 201320142013 201420152014 201520162015 201620172016 201720182017 201820181,2001,2001,0001,000800 800 800600 600 600400 400 400200 200 2000 0 0Coca Coca productive areaareaPotential manufacture of of pure of pure cocainecocaineManufacture (tons)Manufacture (tons)Manufacture (tons)Source: UNODC and Colombia, Colombia: Monitoreo de Territorios Afectados por Cultivos Ilícitos 2018 (August 2019).24
Cocaine3area” increased, nonetheless, by 3.8 per cent in 2018as more of the areas where coca bush had previouslybeen planted became “productive” as the plantsmatured and reached the right age for coca leaf tobe harvested. In parallel, coca yields increased further,with fresh coca leaf production rising by 5 percent. Finally, an increase in laboratory efficiencymeant that overall manufacture of cocaine increasedfurther, by 5.9 per cent, to 1,120 tons, in 2018.Over the period 2013–2018, the amount of illicitcocaine manufactured almost quadrupled in Colombia,thus increasing more significantly than did cocacultivation, which doubled over this period. At thesame time, growth in the manufacturing of cocainehydrochloride in Colombia has slowed down fromMap 2Absolute variation of the area undercoca bush cultivation, 2017–2018Density of coca bush cultivation in Colombia, 2018San Andrés, Providenciaand Santa CatalinaPANAMAPacific OceanDensity ofculvaonNariñoChocóECUADORCaribbean SeaValleCaucaCórdobaAntioquiaCaldasHuilaBolívarTolimaPutumayoSucrePERUMagdalenaCundinamarcaCaquetá0,1 - 2 2,1 - 4 4,1 - 8 8,1 - 10 > 10CesarLa GuajiraSantanderNorte deSa ntanderBoyacáMeta(ha/km²)CasanareGuaviareAmazonasVENEZUELABRAZILSource: UNODC and Colombia, Colombia: Monitoreo de TerritoriosAfectados por Cultivos Ilícitos 2018 (September 2019).The boundaries and names shown and the designations used onthis map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by theUnited Nations.AraucaVaupésVichadaSource: Government of Colombia - Integrated System for Illegal Crop Monitoring (SIMCI) by UNODC.The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.NorthAmericaCOLOMBIAGuainíaSouthAmerica0 75 150 300Km62 per cent year-on-year growth in 2016 and 31 percent in 2017 to 5.9 per cent in 2018. 19Coca bush cultivation in PeruPeru accounts for approximately one fifth of globalcoca bush cultivation. While no coca bush cultivationsurvey was carried out by the Peruvianauthorities and UNODC in 2018, the latest estimatesverified by UNODC for 2017 suggested atotal area of 49,900 ha under coca bush cultivation,approximately 14 per cent more than a year earlier.Most coca leaf production was reported in the valleyof the three rivers Apurimac, Ene and Mantaro(VRAEM), located east of the capital, Lima,accounting for 67 per cent of the national total, andin La Convención y Lares (13 per cent of the total),located even further east. By contrast, only verymodest coca leaf production was reported in Peru’straditional coca-producing region, Alto Huallaga (4per cent of national coca leaf production). 20After a long-term decline in coca cultivation in Peruthroughout the 1990s and a resurgence in productionin the early 2000s, the area under coca bushcultivation in that country fluctuated between40,000 and 65,000 ha throughout the 2010s. Since2016, however, coca cultivation and potential productionoutput have undergone moderateyear-on-year increases. 21, 22Between January 2020 and April 2020 coca leafprices declined by 46 per cent in Peru as a wholeand in the main coca-producing region, VRAEM,by 61 per cent. Previously close to the national average,coca leaf prices in VRAEM turned out to bealmost one third below the national average in April2020.Over the period January to April 2020, pricedecreases in Peru were also observed for coca paste(-23 per cent) and cocaine hydrochloride (-25 per19 Ibid.20 UNODC and Peru, Perú: Monitoreo de Cultivos de Coca2017 (December 2018).21 Ibid., and previous years.22 According to estimates from the United States, which arenot fully comparable with those from the surveys implementedby the Government of Peru and UNODC, the areaunder coca cultivation amounted to 49,800 ha in 2017 andto 52,100 ha in 2018 (United States, Office of NationalDrug Control Policy 2019, “ONDCP releases data on cocacultivation and production in Peru”, 30 September 2019).25
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REPORTE MUNDIAL DE DROGAS - LIBRO NRO 3: SUMINISTRO DE DROGAS

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