REPORTE MUNDIAL DE DROGAS - LIBRO NRO 3: SUMINISTRO DE DROGAS

WORLD DRUG REPORT 2020
DRUG SUPPLY
Fig. 7
Proportion of global seizures
(percentage)
Distribution of the quantities of heroin and morphine seized, by main trafficking route,
2008–2018
100
Proportion of global seizures
(percentage)
80
60
40
20
0
100
4 4 74 47 54 5
6 8 95 12
6 5
6
7
7
8
3 8
7
9 12
6 5 7
7
1
3 118 8 7
10 6
8
3 31
11
8 7
10 6 3
2
12
1 1 9
8
6
4
4
1
3 4
3
6
23
12
1 13
9
80
3
11
2
14
11 5
2
4
14 6
1
5
5 5
17
10
11
13
7
17
10
11
913
7
59 195
25 25
3 3
19
60
8 8
25 25
19 19
4 4
31 31
58 58
33 33
25 25 48 48
4
55 40
52
4
55
52
39 39
2 32 3
4 4 37 37
20
41 41
27
33 35 7
7 6
927
33 35 7
7 6
9
8 8
5 5
16 16
10 6
10
0
6
2008 2009 2008 2010 2009 2011 2010 2012 2011 2013 2012 2014 2013 2015 2014 2016 2015 2017 2016 2018 2017 2018
Americas Americas
South-East South-East Asia and Asia Oceania and Oceania
Northern Northern route route
Southern Southern route route
Pakistan Pakistan
Balkan route Balkan route
Western Western and Central and Europe Central Europe
Afghanistan Afghanistan
Seizures Seizures related to related opiates to from opiates Afghanistan from Afghanistan
Source: UNODC, responses to the annual report questionnaire.
Note: The Balkan route: Islamic Republic of Iran, half of Transcaucasia, South-Eastern Europe; the southern route: South Asia, Gulf countries
and other countries in the Near and Middle East and Africa; the northern route: Central Asia, Eastern Europe and half of Transcaucasia.
Heroin seized in Transcaucasia was partly attributed to the Balkan route and partly to the northern route as it may supply both routes.
decade. Accounting for just 1 per cent of the global
quantities of heroin and morphine seized in 2018,
such trafficking was down from 10 per cent in 2008,
with declines in heroin (and morphine) seizures
reported by the countries of Central Asia and by the
Russian Federation.
At the same time, trafficking groups from outside
the region – making use of citizens from various
countries in the region – may have begun to exploit
the northern route by trafficking heroin in trucks
via the Islamic Republic of Iran to countries in Central
Asia and then countries of the Eurasian Customs
Union, including Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, the Russian
Federation and Belarus, to final destinations in
Western and Central Europe.
Examples of this newly emerging pattern include
the seizure of 670 kg of heroin from Afghanistan
intercepted in Frankfurt an der Oder, Germany, in
May 2019 on a truck travelling from Kyrgyzstan to
Belgium driven by a Turkish national living in Kyrgyzstan;
the seizure of 1.1 tons of heroin seized in
Kazakhstan on a truck that had departed the Islamic
Republic of Iran with a final destination in Germany
– a trafficking operation that involved people from
Iran (Islamic Republic of), Turkey, Serbia, Poland,
Germany and the Netherlands; and the seizure of
some 550 kg of heroin in Minsk, in November 2019,
which had been trafficked via the northern route to
Belarus for onward trafficking to the European
Union, involving a number of foreign nationals. 6, 7
Small quantities of heroin continue to be
trafficked along the southern route
Trafficking along the southern route includes heroin
trafficking via Pakistan or the Islamic Republic of
Iran to India (for domestic consumption and reexport
to countries in the region) and to Africa (for
local consumption and re-export to Europe). Beyond
Pakistan, countries along the southern route
accounted for 6 per cent of the global quantities of
heroin and morphine seized (excluding seizures
made in Afghanistan) in 2018, up from 3 per cent
in 2015.
6 Ibid.
7 UNODC meeting on the recent developments of the opiate
market in Central Asia, the Russian Federation and the
Caucasus, Vienna, 29–30 January 2020.
18