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Première observation de la maladie de la galle du collet causée par Agrobacterium tumefaciens

These results confirm the susceptibility of the olive tree to Agrobacterium tumefaciens, as previously reported by other researchers in Algeria, Jordan, Australia and Argentina.

These results confirm the susceptibility of the olive tree to Agrobacterium tumefaciens, as previously reported by other researchers in Algeria, Jordan, Australia and Argentina.

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Downloa<strong>de</strong>d by [Mehdi El Arbi] at 03:23 12 February 2012<br />

M. El Arbi et al. 464<br />

sein <strong>du</strong> complexe d’espèces A. <strong>tumefaciens</strong> afin <strong>de</strong> savoir<br />

s’ils diffèrent ou non <strong>de</strong>s souches isolées d’autres arbres<br />

fruitiers en Tunisie.<br />

En Tunisie, les pertes occasionnées <strong>par</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>galle</strong> <strong>du</strong><br />

<strong>collet</strong> ne sont pas quantifiées, mais elles sont généralement<br />

comptabilisées avec les attaques <strong>de</strong> némato<strong>de</strong>s et<br />

exprimées en terme <strong>de</strong> p<strong>la</strong>nts incinérés. En effet, le nombre<br />

<strong>de</strong> p<strong>la</strong>nts incinérés chaque année oscille, pendant<br />

<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>rnière décennie, entre 16 000 et 425 000 p<strong>la</strong>nts<br />

(Rhouma et al., 2006). Au champ, il n’existe pas <strong>de</strong><br />

données évaluant le manque à gagner en p<strong>la</strong>nts arrachés<br />

et les dépenses associées à <strong>la</strong> p<strong>la</strong>ntation. A ce propos,<br />

dans certains cas, <strong>la</strong> ma<strong>la</strong>die n’est découverte qu’après<br />

l’instal<strong>la</strong>tion <strong>du</strong> verger. En cas <strong>de</strong> fortes attaques pendant<br />

les premières années <strong>de</strong> p<strong>la</strong>ntation, les arboriculteurs se<br />

trouvent le plus souvent contraints d’arracher les p<strong>la</strong>nts et<br />

<strong>de</strong> rep<strong>la</strong>nter <strong>la</strong> <strong>par</strong>celle ou <strong>de</strong> l’abandonner.<br />

Afin <strong>de</strong> limiter <strong>la</strong> dissémination <strong>de</strong> cette ma<strong>la</strong>die bactérienne<br />

et assurer un bon état sanitaire <strong>de</strong>s vergers<br />

arboricoles, <strong>la</strong> réglementation tunisienne a établi un seuil<br />

d’infestation <strong>de</strong> 1% (décret ministériel <strong>du</strong> 31/12/1980),<br />

au-<strong>de</strong>là <strong>du</strong>quel tout lot contrôlé <strong>de</strong>vrait être incinéré.<br />

Mis à <strong>par</strong>t les <strong>observation</strong>s effectuées dans <strong>la</strong> région<br />

d’étu<strong>de</strong>, aucune infestation n’a été reportée dans les vergers<br />

oléicoles, mais les dégâts peuvent être dévastateurs en<br />

cas d’une propagation <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> ma<strong>la</strong>die aux champs.<br />

Acknowledgement<br />

Les auteurs remercient Mr. Khaled Ouerteni, technicien à<br />

l’Institut <strong>de</strong> l’Olivier et Dr. Slim Ab<strong>de</strong>lkafi, maitre assistant<br />

à l’Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs <strong>de</strong> Sfax pour leur assistance<br />

technique.<br />

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