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22 L‘albatros octobre 2009 Institut d’Urbanisme Première promotion de paysagistes à l’ALBA Cinq étudiants en master d’aménagement du paysage ont soutenu leur mémoire de fin d’études au cours du mois de juin. Les sujets traités ont proposé des solutions viables d’aménagement des environnements paysagers : M. Imad Gemayel- “Sustainable development of a rural area”. Mme Guylaine Raphael -“The Green waterfront esplanade of Beirut City. Rehabilitation of the Corniche” Mlle Hala El-Amine-“Implementing Green Roofs in Beirut”. M. Paul Ghorayeb- “Tyr city. Conceptual study project” Mme Alicia Denris Younes-“Beirut River. Merging sustainability with creativity”. “SUSTAINABLE DEVELoPMENT MoDEL FoR A RURAL AREA” BY IMAD GEMAYEL Aesthetic concerns in the last century were not so much about the symbiotic relationship between man and his environment, as perceived through landscape and architecture, as they were about man’s dominance and control of all areas of his environment, accelerating the destruction of planet Earth. Driven by the need to implement sustainability as a priority in our development strategies, the study stresses on the productive and counterbalancing role of the natural landscapes, specifically the rural areas. By acting as a ‘sink’ for the pollution and a source of food and raw materials, rural areas constitute to the cities an ecosystem that is bound to crash once heavily impacted by human activities. To quote Michael Hough (1995): “Creating favorable habitats by natural means combines traditional wisdom, modern science and intelligent planning”. The study therefore provides insights into aspects of environmental impairment by the current development trend and suggests a new sustainable model which values and aesthetic encompass and protect the landscape cultural identity of the Lebanese rural areas. THE GREEN wATERFRoNT ESPLANADE oF BEIRUT CITY: REHABILITATIoN oF THE CoRNICHE BY GUYLAINE RAPHAEL The waterfront of Beirut City forms a crown at the tip of the Lebanese territory. Its waves flow into a condensed urban area to give a vibrant and exciting setting full of diverse activities for all people of all ages. No matter where we live, how old we are, or what our abilities may be, we enjoy safe, physical, and visual access to a diversity of recreational, commercial, cultural and natural experiences that entertain us and restore our souls. Beirut City’s waterfront is by no means a beautiful and unique place, where the key to the quality and vitality of this strip is to feel and experience its magic of well-defined and integrated system of green and open spaces. The waterfront esplanade project is a study on the rehabilitation of Beirut City’s Corniche, where the need for a greener environment is crucial. It is to establish a new language along the waterfront, giving a new identity to Beirut City.
IMPLEMENTING GREEN RooFS IN BEIRUT BY HALA EL AMINE LANDSCAPE & URBAN MANAGEMENT FoR TYR CITY BY PAUL GHoRAYEB Tyr is a city that struggles between several poles: historical background, World heritage Unesco Classified city, Caza center… Due to the above reason and several urban interventions conducted from the antiquity till our days; the city of Tyr looses her identity and struggles between two major components: the Tyrien & the Tourist. Therefore the purpose of this study is to reconnect, stitched city, to transform this city to a better ecological place and to manage the city into a sustainable way to live in and to visit. The main purpose of the study is to reflect the history through the present, by creating a more sustainable city suitable for Tyrien & Tourist, by reviving the historical urban fabric, by creating public linear park instead of unused asphalted road, by reconnecting the sea front marina promenade and localizing new city public spaces, by creating and managing the public city park and the public sandy beach, by preserving the natural reserve…. The continuous growth of our population has led to an urban expansion that in some places could not cope with population growth. Crowdness turned to an endemic disease that is infecting all our cities. Buildings mushroom across the cities attacking and occupying all parts of open land, thus reducing and even erasing every potential of a green natural space; the result is urban green space degradation. The analysis of the maps of Beirut from 1922, 1940, 1959 till today reveals the phases that Beirut passed through. From an un---organized and chaotic planning, a vertical and horizontal expansion, the invasion of concrete buildings in every single region reaching to severe urban green space degradation. Statistics in Beirut show that the proportion of green spaces with respect to total area is 2.96% for 390,503 individuals living in Beirut, not to speak of the thousands of people who resort to the city daily for work, medical treatment or education. The results show that the urban green spaces in Beirut which are restricted mainly to the Pine Park, Sannayeh and Sioufi gardens with few vegetation and trees distributed between roundabouts and the sides of the streets do not satisfy either the environmental, health or social needs of Beirut. In a city such as Beirut, where the land prices are growing daily and the demand for land appropriation is increasing continuously leaving no place for greenery. Green rooftops could be an attractive way to promoting environmentalism without disrupting the urban infrastructure and by taking a neglected space turning it useful. Green roofs can address many of the challenges facing urbanism towards forming a healthy and sustainable city. Green roofs filter air, retain storm water, elongate the life span of the roof membrane, provide sound insulation, generate aesthetic benefits and help to reduce the urban heat island effect. They are a new opportunity for biodiversity creation as they have the ability to turn wasted roof space into various types of amenity space for building occupants. L‘albatros octobre 2009 23 Starting with a green roof policy through the foundation of the Green Roof Council of Lebanon in order to help promote, organize and standardize green roofs. The council will provide consultancy to people, spread awareness and help develop national policies. National policies have been found to be the most effective in promoting green roofs in the scale of the city since and providing incentives for those who abide by the law and imposing penalties on those who don’t, will definitely promote green roofs. The project also involves a Macro-scale study for providing a general schematic plan for a green roof proposal of Beirut and a Micro-scale study or a case study of a governmental school in Zokak El-Blat taken as a demonstration project. The schematic plan of Beirut follows a grid that is inspired from the urban circular expansion of the city generating from the city centre to the peripheral boundaries. The formed grid allows for the identification of a green network of nodes which vary in size and importance according to their need. The need of the nodes depends on the density of buildings, the presence of green areas on the ground level and the allowed builtup area factor. On the micro-scale the school is formed of two separate wings where one is proposed to serve as a public park and the other as a playground for students. Inspired from the natural topography of the ground and allowing for different curvilinear strips of green areas and terraces that are linked together by a grid of oblique passages, the park allows for a new experience of a high public garden which opens to the city from another perspective. The school playground provides areas for students to gather, sit, read, study and chat. The school is to be taken as a demonstration building that allows people and students to experience green roof. Finally, two green roof prototypes for residential buildings are proposed as a guideline for residential buildings.
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