organizacia aris erTi miznisa da amocanebis misaRwevad
organizacia aris erTi miznisa da amocanebis misaRwevad
organizacia aris erTi miznisa da amocanebis misaRwevad
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a<strong>da</strong>miani <strong>da</strong> <strong>organizacia</strong><br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani <strong>da</strong> <strong>organizacia</strong><br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis, pirovnebis gansakuTrebuli rolis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, kacobriobis<br />
progresSi, gansakuTrebiT bolo saukunis warmoudgenel <strong>da</strong> masStabur<br />
miRwevebSi ga<strong>da</strong>mwveti roli ekuTvnis ara calkeul pirovnebebs Tu<br />
individebebs, aramed <strong>erTi</strong> mizniT ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebul a<strong>da</strong>mianTa jgufebs. TviT<br />
sveticxoveli mxolod arsakiZes ar auSenebia, xeopsis pirami<strong>da</strong>s 100 aTasi<br />
kaci aSeneb<strong>da</strong>. organizaciis farTo <strong>da</strong> mravalmxrivi gagebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
ganxorcielebis gareSe verc aleqsandre makedoneli miaRwev<strong>da</strong> raimes, verc<br />
napoleoni, verc <strong>da</strong>viT aRmaSenebeli <strong>da</strong> verc Tamar mefe. es Teza,<br />
rasakvirvelia, ar exeba iseT geniosebs kulturis sfero<strong>da</strong>n, rogorebic<br />
galaktioni, miqelanjelo, beThoveni <strong>da</strong> msgavsi moRvaweni iyvnen. Tumca<br />
isinic gansazRvrul organizaciul garemoSi cxovrobdnen <strong>da</strong> saqmianobdnen.<br />
swored organizaciebia Hharvardisa <strong>da</strong> kembrijis universitetebi, “simensi”<br />
<strong>da</strong> “jeneral motorsi”, “pentagoni” <strong>da</strong> “TeTri saxli, “la skala~,<br />
braziliis fexburTis nakrebi, saqarTvelos parlamenti, saxelmwifo<br />
kancelaria, nebismieri saministro, uwyeba Tu sabavSvo baRi.<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong> Zveli laTinuri sityvaa <strong>da</strong> raimes mowesrigebas niSnavs.<br />
aucilebelia erTmaneTisagan ganvasxvaoT organizaciis ori gageba, kerZod:<br />
• <strong>organizacia</strong> <strong>aris</strong> <strong>erTi</strong> <strong>miznisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>amocanebis</strong> <strong>misaRwevad</strong><br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebul a<strong>da</strong>mianTa an maTi jgufebis erToblioba, romelic saqmianobas<br />
axorcielebs Sromis <strong>da</strong>nawilebisa <strong>da</strong> kooperirebis, uflebamosilebaTa<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebisa <strong>da</strong> marTvis ierarqiuli struqturis mowyobis principebis<br />
safuZvelze;<br />
• <strong>organizacia</strong> <strong>aris</strong> raimes sistematizeba, iseTi moqmedebebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
procesebis erToblioba, romlebic uzrunvelyofen mTelis met-naklebad<br />
diferencirebul <strong>da</strong> avtonomiur nawilebs (komponentebs, elementebs) Soris<br />
urTierTobaTa <strong>da</strong> urTierTqmedebaTa Si<strong>da</strong>mowesrigebasa <strong>da</strong> srulyofas.<br />
am or ganmartebas Soris mniSvnelovan ganxvavebasTan erTad, aranakleb<br />
mniSvnelovani <strong>da</strong> obieqturi urTierTkavSiri arsebobs. Tu sakiTxs<br />
menejmentis (marTvis) ZiriTadi funqciebisa <strong>da</strong> principebis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
mivudgebiT, meore ganmarteba marTvis erT-erT mniSvnelovan funqcias –<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>s warmoadgens, anu rogor un<strong>da</strong> vimuSaoT, rogor vakeToT,<br />
rogor un<strong>da</strong> avawyoT saqme, rom mizans mivaRwioT; rac Seexeba pirvel<br />
ganmartebas _ <strong>erTi</strong> mizniT ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebul a<strong>da</strong>mianTa erTobas _ aq ukve<br />
marTvis obieqtTan gvaqvs saqme.<br />
organizaciis elementebi<br />
organizaciis misia sabaziso faseulobebi <strong>da</strong> strategiuli miznebia, anu<br />
imis garkvevaa, Tu ratom Seiqmna <strong>organizacia</strong>, risken iswafvis, saiT midis<br />
<strong>da</strong> ras un<strong>da</strong> miaRwios momavalSi. rogorc wesi, organizaciis strategiuli<br />
miznebi nawevrdeba strategiul amocanebad, konkretul miznebad <strong>da</strong><br />
amocanebad, maTi miRwevis programebad <strong>da</strong> samuSao (operaciul) gegmebad;<br />
3
organizaciis misia, mizani <strong>da</strong> amocanebi sxa<strong>da</strong>sxva saxisa <strong>da</strong> specializebis<br />
(Sinaarsis) funqciebad SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>iyos <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>jgufdes, rac organizaciis<br />
struqturis gansazRvris mniSvnelovani wina piroba xdeba.<br />
organizaciis struqtura misi arqiteqtonika, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva niSniT gamoyofili<br />
specialzebuli funqciebis Semsrulebeli, magram erTmaneTTan (rogorc<br />
mTelTan), <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli koordinirebuli nawilebia. tradiciulad,<br />
organizaciuli struqtura, upirveles yovlisa, im princips gulisxmobs <strong>da</strong><br />
efuZneba, romelic organizaciis SigniT Sromis <strong>da</strong>nawilebas edeba<br />
safuZvlad. organizaciuli struqtura gansazRvravs personalis mier<br />
Sesasrulebel funqciaTa Soris Tanafardobas, urTierT<strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebas,<br />
axdens urTierTobaTa koordinirebas, amyarebs garkveul Si<strong>da</strong>wesrigs; amis<br />
miRweva xdeba Sromis mTliani procesis <strong>da</strong>nawilebiT, specializebuli<br />
struqturuli qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebis SeqmniT, TanamdebobaTa ierarqiiT <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
arsebobs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis organizaciuli struqturebi, romelTagan yvelas<br />
aqvs Tavisi met-naklebi pozitiuri <strong>da</strong> negatiuri mxareebi. amaTgan<br />
yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT Semdegze.<br />
funqciuri. es organizaciuli struqturis sakmaod farTod gavrcelebuli<br />
formaa. am dros organizaciis struqtura iqmneba qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebs Soris<br />
uflebamosilebaTa <strong>da</strong> Sesabamis funqciaTa ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebis safuZvelze, anu<br />
struqturuli qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebi organizaciis saqmianobis ZiriTadi<br />
mimarTulebebis (funqciebis) mixedviT iqmneba, magaliTad, personalis,<br />
finansebis, marketingis, auditisa <strong>da</strong> kontrolis, sazogadoebasTan<br />
urTierTobis qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebi <strong>da</strong> sxv. funqciuri organizaciuli struqturis<br />
mTavari upiratesobaa Semdegi: specialistTa maRali kompetenturoba,<br />
procesebis Rrma analizi, xaziT menejerTa funqciebis <strong>erTi</strong> nawilisagan<br />
ganTavisufleba <strong>da</strong> sxva; rac Seexeba problemebs, isini ukavSirdeba<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT viwro (mindobil funqciaTa farglebSi) specializebas,<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si situaciis Secvlisas moqnilobisa <strong>da</strong> inovaciurobis <strong>da</strong>bal<br />
dones.<br />
xazobrivi. mas xSirad uwodeben piramidul, biurokratiul organizaciul<br />
struqturasac; esaa ierarqiulad mkacrad organizebuli sturqtura,<br />
romelic pasuxismgeblobis zonebis gamoyofasa <strong>da</strong> erTmmarTvelobas<br />
efuZneba. rac metia manZili anu Tanamdebobrivi safexuri xelmZRvanelsa <strong>da</strong><br />
rigiT Semsrulebels Soris, miT ufro maRalia organizaciis<br />
ierarqiulobis done. xazobrivi struqturis mTavari upiratesobaa Semdegi:<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebaTa miRebis operatiuloba, urTierTobaTa <strong>da</strong> kontrolis<br />
mkafio sistema, xelmZRvanelTa miTiTebebis Sesrulebisas komunikacia,<br />
gansakuTrebiT qvemo<strong>da</strong>n zemoT, SezRudulia momuSaveTa <strong>da</strong>moukidebloba,<br />
isini xSirad inertulebi arian, kontrolis sfero (anu <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa<br />
raodenoba) SezRudulia <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>ptaciuri. esaa moqnili organizaciuli struqtura, romelic advilad<br />
a<strong>da</strong>ptirdeba, advilad egueba cvalebad garemosa <strong>da</strong> situaciebs, inarCunebs<br />
xazobrivi <strong>da</strong> funqciuri struqturebis efeqtur mxareebs, axdens maT<br />
integrirebas; am dros struqturebi iqmneba programebis, <strong>amocanebis</strong>,<br />
prioritetebis, proeqtebis mixedviT, ufro efeqtianad xdeba a<strong>da</strong>mianuri<br />
resursebis gamoyeneba, mtkice kavSiri myardeba sxa<strong>da</strong>sxva specialists<br />
Soris <strong>da</strong> sxva. <strong>aris</strong> organizaciuli struqturis sxva nairsaxeobebic.<br />
4
personalis menejmenti<br />
“personalis“ cnebis arsi,<br />
personalis marTvis subieqtebi <strong>da</strong> obietqebi<br />
personalis menejmenti <strong>aris</strong> urTierT<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli organizebuli<br />
ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> socialuri RonisZiebebis sistema organizaciis doneze<br />
normaluri funqcionirebisaTvis, samuSao Zalis potencialis ganviTarebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> efeqtianad gamoyenebis pirobebis SeqmnisaTvis.<br />
personalis menejmenti arsebobs uwyveti procesis formiT, romelic<br />
mimarTulia muSakebis motivaciis miznobriv cvlilebaze maTgan<br />
maqsimaluri ukugebis misaRebad, maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, sawarmos muSaobaSi<br />
warmatebuli Sedegebis <strong>misaRwevad</strong>. Tanamedrove pirobebSi personalTan<br />
muSaobis ZiriTadi mizania iseTi pirovnebis formireba, romelsac aqvs didi<br />
pasuxismgebloba, koleqtivizmis grZnoba, maRali kvalifikacia,<br />
ganviTarebuli aqvs sawarmos mepatronis grZnoba.<br />
personalis menejmenti organizaciis specialuri funqcionaluri<br />
samsaxurebis <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi sawarmoo qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebis sazogadoebrivi<br />
xelmZRvanelebis mravalmxrivi saqminobaa.<br />
personalis menejmentSi funqcionaluri midgomiT igulisxmeba yvela is<br />
amocana <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba, romlebic <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia kadrebis sferoSi<br />
muSaobasTan. MmagaliTad, kadrebis SerCeva, maTi gamoyeneba, kvalifikaciis<br />
amaRleba, Sromis anazRaureba, samuSao<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>Txova.<br />
organizaciuli midgoma. es cneba moicavs yvela pirsa <strong>da</strong> instruments,<br />
romelic pasuxismgebelia kadrebTan muSaobaSi, magaliTad, xelmZRvaneli<br />
pirebi, kadrebis ganyofileba, sawarmoo ganyofileba, profkavSirebi.<br />
organizaciis personali <strong>aris</strong> im fizikur pirTa <strong>erTi</strong>anoba, romlebic<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>sTan, rogorc iuridiul pirTan, imyofebian iseT urTierTobaSi,<br />
romelic regulirdeba <strong>da</strong>qiravebis xelSekrulebiT. aseT urTierTobaSi<br />
SeiZleba iyvnen ara marto <strong>da</strong>qiravebuli muSakebi, aramed agreTve fizikuri<br />
pirebi (mesakuTreebi an organizaciis Tanamflobelebi), Tu isini Semosavlis<br />
nawilTan erTad iReben Sesabamis anazRaurebas imisaTvis, rom piradi<br />
SromiT monawileoben organizaciis saqmianobaSi.<br />
yvelaze zogadi saxiT “sawarmos personalis“ cneba moicavs mocemuli<br />
sawarmos (organizaciis) <strong>da</strong>qiravebuli muSakebis erTobliobas, romlebic<br />
asruleben sruliad gansazRvrul amocanebs: pirebi, romlebic <strong>da</strong>saqmebuli<br />
arian individualuri SromiT, agreTve is pirebi, romlebic e.w. saojaxo<br />
meurneobaSi arian <strong>da</strong>kavebuli, Tumca <strong>da</strong>registrirebuli arian iuridiuli<br />
piris saxiT, magram mainc ar iTvlebian <strong>da</strong>qiravebul momuSave personalad,<br />
imdenad, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c isini Sromis anazRaurebas iReben im Semosavli<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
romelic rCeba maT gankargulebaSi savaldebulo ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebis gastumrebis<br />
Semdeg.<br />
organizaciis personali socialuri sistemis saxiT formirdeba, saxes<br />
icvlis <strong>da</strong> viTardeba organizaciis mflobelis miznebis Sesabamisad.<br />
amasTan, miznebi ganisazRvreba mesakuTris interesebiT <strong>da</strong> igi sawarmos<br />
marTvis strategiisa <strong>da</strong> politikis SemuSavebis safuZvelia. saqarTveloSi<br />
yvela muSaki <strong>da</strong>yofilia Semdegi saklasifikacio niSnebis mixedviT:<br />
5
sawarmoo procesSi Sesrulebuli funqciebis mixedviT personali iyofa eqvs<br />
kategoriad:<br />
-muSebi (ZiriTadi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mxmare);<br />
-inJiner-teqnikuri muSakebi;<br />
-mosamsaxureebi;<br />
-mcire mosamsaxure personali;<br />
-mowafeebi;<br />
-<strong>da</strong>cva;<br />
faqtobrivi saqmianobis xasiaTis mixedviT: muSakis ama Tu im<br />
kategoriisaTvis mokuTvnebis safuZvelia ara misi ganaTleba, aramed<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavebuli Tanamdeboba; saqmianobis klasifikacias safuZvlad udevs<br />
profesionaluri <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rgobrivi niSnebis Sexameba;<br />
muSebis teqnologiur procesSi monawileobis miRebis mixedviT: produqciis<br />
warmoebis TvalsazrisiT muSebi iyofa or jgufad: ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>mxmared, xolo inJiner-teqnikuri muSakebi –xelmZRvanelebad,<br />
specialistebad <strong>da</strong> teqnikur Semsruleblebad.<br />
muSaobis vadis mixedviT: mudmivi, sezonuri <strong>da</strong> droebiTi muSakebi.<br />
materialuri warmoebis sferos yvela muSaki iyofa or jgufad:<br />
a) personali, romelic <strong>da</strong>saqmebulia ZiriTad saqmianobaSi (mrewvelobaSi<br />
es muSakebi Seadgenen samrewvelo-sawarmoo personals);<br />
b) personali, romelic <strong>da</strong>saqmebulia araZiriTad saqmianobaSi, anu<br />
<strong>da</strong>narCeni personali; am kategorias ganekuTvneba arasamrewvelo<br />
organizaciebis personali, romelic sawarmos struqturaSi Sedis.<br />
Tanamedrove korporaciis struqtura amgvaria:<br />
-organizaciis TanamSromlebi;<br />
-mmarTvelebi (menejerebi);<br />
-aqcionerebi;<br />
-direqtorTa sabWo, romelsac sruli pasuxismgebloba ekisreba firmis<br />
saqmianobaze, agreTve firmis strategiis gansazRvrisas mmarTvelobiTi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis miRebaze;<br />
-firmis funqcionirebaSi <strong>da</strong>interesebuli jgufebi an mxareebi.<br />
SeiZleba gamovyoT mmarTvelobiTi personalis arsebiTi kategoriebi<br />
samamulo organizaciebisaTvis;<br />
-sawarmoTa, <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebis, organizaciebis xelmZRvanelebi <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />
moadgileebi;<br />
-sawarmoTa, <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebis <strong>da</strong> organizaciebis struqturuli<br />
qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebis xelmZRvanelebi, mTavari specialistebi;<br />
-specialistebi, romlebic axorcieleben ekonomikur funqciebs;<br />
-warmoebis sainJinro-teqnikuri uzrunvelyofis specialistebi;<br />
-mosamsaxureTa Tanamdebobebi (<strong>da</strong>saqmebis sferoebi: aRricxva, kontroli,<br />
sabuTebis gaformeba, sameurneo momsaxureba).<br />
SromiTi potencialis formireba iwyeba personalis ricxovnobisa <strong>da</strong><br />
koleqtivis profesionalur-kvalifikaciuri struqturis <strong>da</strong>gegmvis etapze.<br />
formirebis warmateba <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia rogorc <strong>da</strong>gegmvis x<strong>aris</strong>xze, aseve<br />
organizaciis ganlagebis regionul Taviseburebebze.<br />
6
organizaciis personalis raodenobisa <strong>da</strong> struqturis marTvis procesi<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom bolo dromde TviT cneba “koleqtivis marTva” Cvens<br />
mmarTvelobiT praqtikaSi ar arsebob<strong>da</strong>. marTalia, TiToeuli firmis<br />
marTvis sistemas hqon<strong>da</strong> kadrebisa <strong>da</strong> koleqtivis socialuri ganviTarebis<br />
marTvis funqcionaluri qvesistema, magram, kadrebis marTvis TvalsazrisiT,<br />
samuSaos umetes nawils qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebis xazobrivi xelmZRvanelebi<br />
asrulebdnen.<br />
sabazro meurneobaze ga<strong>da</strong>svlisas Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan vcildebiT ierarqiul marTvas,<br />
administraciuli zemoqmedebis mkacr sistemas; amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />
aucilebeli xdeba prioritetebisadmi principulad axali midgomebi.<br />
organizaciis SigniT mTavaria momuSaveebi (muSakebi), xolo mis gareT –<br />
produqciis momxmareblebi.<br />
samewarmeo saqmianobis funqcionirebis prioritetebis Secvla gulisxmobs<br />
pasuxismgeblobis Secvlas ara mxolod sawarmos aqcionerebis, aramed<br />
sazogadoebis winaSec, rac iwvevs warmoebis funqcionirebis principebis<br />
Secvlasac <strong>da</strong> aisaxeba personalis muSaobazec.<br />
qvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi naTlad Cans is ZiriTadi niSnebi <strong>da</strong> principebi,<br />
romlebic ganasxvavebs organizaciebis (firmebis) saqmianobas tradiciuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove principebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare.<br />
tradiciuli principebi Tanamedrove principebi<br />
1 2<br />
individualuri eTika, qonebrivi socialuri eTikis ganviTareba<br />
ufleba, <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli adgilobriv sazogadoebaze<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT, koleqtiuri<br />
monawileoba <strong>da</strong> pasuxismgebloba,<br />
piradi sargebloba <strong>da</strong> TiToeulis socialur-kulturuli zemoqmedeba<br />
warmateba –sazogadoebrivi pirad keTildReobaze<br />
keTildReobis gazrdis winapiroba<br />
efeqtianobis amaRleba Sromis<br />
<strong>da</strong>nawilebisa <strong>da</strong> specializaciis<br />
gziT<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>, rogorc sameurneo<br />
erTeuli<br />
mogebis maqsimizacia, rogorc<br />
erTad<strong>erTi</strong> mizani<br />
universaluri Zalisxmeva<br />
xelsayreli <strong>da</strong> efeqturi<br />
ekonomikuri maCveneblebis<br />
7<br />
SeTanxmebuli sazogadoebrivi<br />
moqmedebebis aucilebloba<br />
specialobebis procesis zRvris<br />
SegrZneba a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />
<strong>da</strong>kmayofilebis pozicii<strong>da</strong>n<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>, rogorc socialurekonomikuri<br />
sistema<br />
Mmogeba mTavar mizans warmoadgens,<br />
magram izrdeba socialuri miznebis<br />
gacnobiereba, mravalmiznobrivi<br />
<strong>da</strong>kmayofileba
<strong>misaRwevad</strong><br />
organizaciis rogorc <strong>da</strong>xuruli<br />
sistemis organizeba;<br />
reaqcia mxolod bazarsa <strong>da</strong><br />
konkurenciul bazarze<br />
mTavrobis saqmianobisadmi midgoma<br />
mTavrobis pozicii<strong>da</strong>n<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani cdilobs bunebis<br />
gamoyenebas <strong>da</strong> masze gabatonebas<br />
ekonomikuri resursebis gamoyenebis<br />
mZlavri kavSiri ekonomikur<br />
zr<strong>da</strong>sTan<br />
mecnierebisa <strong>da</strong> teqnikis<br />
ganusazRvreli gamoyeneba,<br />
mecnierebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb<br />
Tvalsazrisis SemuSaveba,<br />
Caurevlobisa <strong>da</strong> determinizmis<br />
poziciebi<strong>da</strong>n gamimdinare<br />
organizaciebisagan sazogadoebrivi<br />
molodinis monacemebi materialuri<br />
faseulobebisa <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis<br />
warmoebisaken<br />
Kkorporaciis miRwevebis gazomva<br />
8<br />
Zalisxmeva sargeblianobis,<br />
efeqtianobisa <strong>da</strong> monawileebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>kmayofilebis <strong>misaRwevad</strong><br />
Oorganizaciis rogorc Ria<br />
sistemis organizeba, romelic<br />
urTierTqmedebs garemosTan.<br />
reaqcia mraval <strong>da</strong>interesebul<br />
jgufsa <strong>da</strong> socialur jgufze<br />
mTavrobis rolis gageba<br />
sazogadoebis miznebTan<br />
SesabamisobaSi<br />
bunebasTan harmoniaSi cxovreba <strong>da</strong><br />
masze <strong>da</strong>qvemdebareba<br />
zrdis sazRvrebis Segneba <strong>da</strong><br />
moqmedebebi ekologiuri<br />
mTlianobis SenarCunebisaTvis<br />
mecnierebisa <strong>da</strong> teqnikis zRvris<br />
SegrZneba, teqnikis gamoyenebaze<br />
kontrolis aucileblobis<br />
aRiareba.<br />
sazogadoeba moelis<br />
organizaciebisagan yuradRebis<br />
gamaxvilebas cxovrebis donis<br />
gaumjobesebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul<br />
problemebze<br />
organizaciis Sefaseba mogebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
socialuri Sedegebis maCveneblebis<br />
mixedviT<br />
Si<strong>da</strong>safirmo marTvis umniSvnelovanes Taviseburebad ga<strong>da</strong>iqca mTel<br />
personalze <strong>erTi</strong>ani <strong>da</strong> kompleqsuri zemoqmedeba. amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />
yalibdeba sakadro muSaobis sistema.<br />
calkeuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebis interesebis Sexameba organizaciis interesebTan <strong>da</strong><br />
mis strategiul miznebTan menejmentis metad mniSvnelovan <strong>da</strong> urTules<br />
amocanad gvesaxeba, romlis warmatebiT ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetaze <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia firmis<br />
funqcionirebis efeqtianoba.<br />
<strong>da</strong>wesebulebis organizaciul struqturaSi socialur sistemas Seesabameba<br />
zogi<strong>erTi</strong> administraciuli qve<strong>da</strong>nayofi (jgufi, ganyofileba, departamenti).<br />
mniSvnelovania ara <strong>da</strong>niSvna <strong>da</strong> masStabebi, aramed TviT faqti msgavsi<br />
specializebuli jgugis gamoyofis Sesaxeb a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebisa <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />
marTvis Sesaswavlad. ramdena<strong>da</strong>c <strong>organizacia</strong> <strong>aris</strong> socialur-teqnikuri
sistema, amdenad SeuZlebelia mxolod <strong>erTi</strong> elementis muSaobiT mTlianad<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si kargi Sedegebis miRweva.<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si arsebuli resursebis (rogorc fizikuris, aseve a<strong>da</strong>mianuris)<br />
efeqturi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia uzrunvelyofil iqnes Semdegi<br />
RonisZiebebiT:<br />
-organizaciuli struqturis srulyofiT, maT Soris marTvis doneebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
marTvis saSualo donis ricxovnobis SemcirebiT.<br />
-ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis miRebis procesis decentralizaciiT SesaZlo <strong>da</strong>bal<br />
donemde.<br />
-funqciaTa nawilis ga<strong>da</strong>cemiT SuamavlebisaTvis, mimwodeblebisaTvis,<br />
konsultantebisaTvis;<br />
-TiToeul samuSao adgilze Sromis Sinaarsobrivi <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis gazrdiT;<br />
-Sromis procesebis avtomatizaciiT Sromis nayofierebis gazrdiT rogorc<br />
warmoebaSi, aseve arasamewarmeo sferoSi;<br />
-umaRlesi administraciis raodenobisa <strong>da</strong> organizaciul struqturebSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebuli personalis mniSvnelovani SemcirebiT;<br />
-momzadebisa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>mzadebis programebis investirebiT, TanamSromlebis<br />
ostatobisa <strong>da</strong> rotaciis srulyofiT <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
personalis marTvis sistemis ZiriTadi <strong>amocanebis</strong> ricxvs akuTvneben:<br />
-firmisadmi <strong>da</strong>xmarebas misi miznebis miRwevaSi;<br />
-firmis kvalifikaciuri <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>interesebuli muSaxeliT uzrunvelyofas;<br />
-personalis ostatobisa <strong>da</strong> un<strong>aris</strong> efeqtianad gamoyenebas;<br />
-personalis motivaciuri sistemebis srulyofas;<br />
-yvela kategoriis muSakebis SromiTi <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebis donis amaRlebas;<br />
-personalis motivaciuri sistemebis srulyofas;<br />
-personalis kvalifikaciis amaRlebisa <strong>da</strong> profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemis<br />
ganviTarebasa <strong>da</strong> maRal doneze organizebas;<br />
-keTilsasurveli moraluri klimatis SenarCunebas;<br />
-personalis Si<strong>da</strong>saorganizacio moZraobis marTvas muSakebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
administraciis ormxrivi sargeblianobiT, agreTve sazogadoebis<br />
sargeblianobis gaTvaliswinebiT;<br />
-karieris <strong>da</strong>gegmvas samsaxurebrivi winsvliT;<br />
-personalis SemoqmedebiT aqtivobaze gavlenas, firmisadmi inovaciuri<br />
gegmebis realizaciaSi <strong>da</strong>xmarebas;<br />
-personalis saqmianobis Sefasebis meTodebis srulyofas, mmarTvelobiTi<br />
aparatis <strong>da</strong> sawarmoo personalis atestacias, personalis marTvis yvela<br />
TanamSromelTan kavSirs;<br />
-cxovrebis maRali donis uzrunvelyofas, rac sasurvels xdis mocemul<br />
firmaSi muSaobas.<br />
personalis marTvis kvlevisas mTavaria naTeli warmodgena gvqondes<br />
“organizaciis personalis” kategoriis sirTuleze. organizaciis<br />
saqmianobaSi monawileobas iReben gareSe <strong>da</strong> Siga ZiriTadi monawileebi,<br />
romelTa mTavari interesebi SeiZleba aRweril iqnes Semdegnairad:<br />
kapitalis mesakuTreebi warmoadgenen organizaciis mesakuTreebs, romlebsac<br />
warmodgenili aqvT TavianTi kapitali (magaliTad, sacalo movaWreebi,<br />
aqcionerebi, korporantebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.) isini <strong>da</strong>interesebulni arian, <strong>erTi</strong> mxriv,<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si <strong>da</strong>bandebuli kapitalis SenarCunebiTa <strong>da</strong> gazrdiT, meore<br />
mxriv – angariSebi<strong>da</strong>n mimdinare moxsniT (dividendebis ganawilebiT). Oorive<br />
miswarafebis winapirobas organizaciuli mogeba warmoadgens, romelic<br />
9
mocemulia Semosavlebsa <strong>da</strong> xarjebs Soris sxvaobis saxiT, mesakuTreebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>interesebulebi arian maRali SemosavlebiT <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>bali xarjebiT. mogebis<br />
gamoyenebaze arsebobs gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi (Senaxvisa an<br />
dividendebad ganawilebis). amis gar<strong>da</strong>, mesakuTreebs ufleba aqvT<br />
monawileoba miiRon ganzraxulebaTa formirebasa <strong>da</strong> maT ganxorcielebaSi.<br />
isini amas <strong>da</strong>moukideblad axorcieleben (mesakuTreTa sawarmos saxiT), an<br />
kidev TavianTi uflebis delegirebas <strong>da</strong>qiravebul menejerebze axdenen.<br />
organizaciis menejerebs, rogorc <strong>da</strong>moukidebel jgufs mniSvneloba aqvT<br />
mxolod menejerul <strong>organizacia</strong>Si. isini principSi <strong>da</strong>interesebulni arian<br />
wilobrivi monawileebis interesebis <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebaSi, romlebic arsebiTad<br />
maT cvlian, Tumca msxvil organizaciebSi arsebobs menejerebis _<br />
<strong>da</strong>qiravebuli muSebis warmomadgenlebis Tanamdebobebi makontrolebel<br />
sabWoSi. Aam sawarmoo interesebTan erTad menejerebi SeiZleba sakuTar<br />
intersebsac misdevdnen (<strong>da</strong>moukidebloba, xelisufleba, aRiareba, kariera).<br />
personali (TanamSromlebi) mudmivad <strong>da</strong>interesebulia Tavisi samuSao<br />
adgilis saimedoobiT, SesaZlo maqsimaluri xelfasiTa <strong>da</strong> socialuri<br />
garantiebiT, muSaobis kargi pirobebiT <strong>da</strong> TanxmobiT, agreTve TavianTi<br />
organizaciis maRali prestiJiT. xSirad vlindeba agreTve sakuTari<br />
SesaZleblobebisa <strong>da</strong> piradi profesionaluri aRiarebis motivebi.<br />
TanamSromlebis interesebs agreTve profkavSirebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>organizacia</strong>Si<br />
<strong>da</strong>qiravebuli muSebis warmomadgenelTa organoebi icaven.<br />
kreditorebi (kapitalis gare<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>mbandeblebi) kerZo bankebi arian,<br />
romlebic kreditebs iZlevian. isini <strong>da</strong>intersebuli arian SemoTavazebuli<br />
kapitalis maqsimalurad maRal SefasebaSi (procentebSi), momsaxurebis<br />
droul anazRaurebaSi (kerZod, procentisa <strong>da</strong> kreditis <strong>da</strong>farvaSi) <strong>da</strong><br />
gauTvaliswinebeli SemTxvevisagan saTanado garantiebSi. msxvili<br />
kreditebis gacemisas isini agreTve <strong>da</strong>interesebuli arian informaciasa <strong>da</strong><br />
firmis menejerebze gavlenaSi.<br />
aucilebeli masalebis mimwodeblebi zrunaven firmasTan xangrZlivi <strong>da</strong><br />
xelsayreli kavSirebis <strong>da</strong>samyareblad. isini cdiloben miaRwion maqsimalur<br />
Semosavlebs, maT mier ganxorcielebul miwodebaze SeTanxmebis xelsayrel<br />
pirobebs, TavianTi mxri<strong>da</strong>n minimalur <strong>da</strong>naxarjebs.<br />
klientebs (muSaobis Sedegebis momxmareblebs) surT miiRon maTTvis saWiro<br />
<strong>da</strong> aucilebeli maRali x<strong>aris</strong>xis nawarmi <strong>da</strong>bali fasebiT <strong>da</strong> xelsayrel<br />
pirobebSi. isini saqonlis farTo asortimentisa <strong>da</strong> kargi momsaxurebisaken<br />
iswrafvian.<br />
saxelmwifo, upirveles yovlisa, zrunavs sabazro meurneobis<br />
funqcionirebaze organizaciebTan erTad, maT konkurentunarianobaze<br />
saerTaSoriso bazarze, radgan es garemoeba xels uwyobs <strong>da</strong> ganapirobebs<br />
sazogadoebrivi produqtis zr<strong>da</strong>s, uzrunvelyofs keTildReobas,<br />
mosaxleobis momaragebas saqonliTa <strong>da</strong> samuSao adgilebiT, xels uwyobs<br />
sagareo savaWro urTierTobaTa wonasworobas, magram amasTan organizaciebi<br />
ganixileba agreTve, rogorc saxelmwifo xarjebis <strong>da</strong>finansebis wyaro. isic<br />
gaTvaliswinebulia, rom saxelmwifo mudmivad zrunavs fasebis<br />
stabilurobasa (inflaciasTan brZola) <strong>da</strong> socialur mSvidobaze<br />
(magaliTad, muSaTa moZraobis ararseboba).<br />
sazogadoeba Sedgeba heterogenuli jgufebisagan (magaliTad, sainformacio<br />
saSualebebi, partiebi, eklesiebi, kavSirebi <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebebi, samoqalaqo<br />
10
iniciativebi <strong>da</strong> sxva). maTi interesi organizaciebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />
gamoixateba imaSi, rom maT xeli un<strong>da</strong> Seuwyon jgufur miznebs, an, ukidures<br />
SemTxvevaSi, xeli ar SeuSalon maT. Aamis Sesaxeb drouli informaciis<br />
misaRebad, maT un<strong>da</strong> icodnen yvelaferi korporaciis realuri<br />
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. sazogadoebisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs<br />
janmrTelobisa <strong>da</strong> ekosferos SenarCunebas, amitom resursebis gamoyeneba,<br />
yvelaferi is, rac zemoqmedebs garemoze, ganixileba kritikulad, rogorc<br />
janmrTelobisaTvis mavne warmoebis produqtebi <strong>da</strong> saSualebebi.<br />
personalis marTva efuZneba Semdeg amosaval debulebebs:<br />
1) personalis <strong>da</strong>gegmvisa <strong>da</strong> organizaciis (firmis) ganviTarebis<br />
strategiis mWidrod <strong>da</strong>kavSirebis aucileblobas;<br />
2) personalTan muSaobis <strong>da</strong>naxarjebis raodenobriv Sefasebas <strong>da</strong> maT<br />
gavlenas warmoebis ekonomikur maCveneblebze;<br />
3) kompensaciebis aucilebeli paketis gansazRvras Sromis bazarze<br />
efeqtianad muSaobisaTvis;<br />
personalis xelmZRvaneloba, rogorc marTvis funqcia, mowodebulia<br />
gaa<strong>erTi</strong>anos, moaxdinos koordinireba yvela <strong>da</strong>narCeni funqciisa. Ees ki<br />
miiRweva personalTan muSaobis principebis realizaciiT, maTi<br />
urTierTqmedebiT.<br />
personalTan muSaobis principebi<br />
Pprincipis <strong>da</strong>saxelba principis Sinaarsi<br />
a) personalTan muSaobis saerTo<br />
principebi<br />
efeqtianoba gulisxmobs personalis marTvis<br />
sistemis yvelaze efeqtian <strong>da</strong><br />
ekonomikur <strong>organizacia</strong>s, marTvis<br />
sistemaze gaweuli <strong>da</strong>naxarjebis<br />
xvedriTi wilis Semcirebas<br />
produqciis erTeulze saerTo<br />
xarjebTan mimarTebaSi, warmoebis<br />
efeqtianobis amaRlebas.<br />
personalis marTvis sistemis<br />
srulyofis RonisZiebis gatarebis<br />
Semdeg Tu adgili eqneba<br />
marTvisTvis saWiro xarjebis<br />
gazr<strong>da</strong>s, maSin isini un<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>ifaros sawarmoTa saqmianobis<br />
efeqtianobiT<br />
principis <strong>da</strong>saxeleba Pprincipis Sinaarsi<br />
b) personalTan muSaobis<br />
organizaciis principebi<br />
rotacia<br />
11<br />
calkeuli muSakebis droebiTma<br />
gamosvlam ar un<strong>da</strong> Sewyvitos<br />
romelime funqciis<br />
ganxorcielebis procesi. amisTvis
mmarTvelobiTi orientaciis<br />
optimaluri Tanamdeboba<br />
koncentracia<br />
specializacia<br />
Pparaleluroba<br />
Aa<strong>da</strong>ptireba<br />
(moqniloba)<br />
12<br />
saWiroa personalis marTvis<br />
TiToeul muSaks SeeZlos<br />
Tanamdebobrivad ufro maRla<br />
mdgom muSakTa funqciebis<br />
imitireba, <strong>da</strong>bla mdgomi<br />
TanamSromlisa <strong>da</strong> Tavisi Ddonis<br />
<strong>erTi</strong>-ori muSakis funqciis<br />
Sesruleba<br />
personalis marTvis funqciis<br />
orientaciis gaswrebis<br />
aucileblobas karnaxobs<br />
ganviTarebis winswreba im<br />
funqciebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, romlebic<br />
mimarTulni arian warmoebis<br />
funqcionirebis uzrunvelyofaze.<br />
ganixileba ori mimarTulebiT:<br />
rogorc calkeuli qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebis<br />
muSakebis Zalisxmevis<br />
koncentracia an personalis<br />
marTvis mTeli sistemis Zalisxmeva<br />
ZiriTadi <strong>amocanebis</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad<br />
an rogorc msgavsi funqciebis<br />
personalis marTvis sistemis erT<br />
qve<strong>da</strong>nayofSi koncentracia, rac<br />
aRmofxvris dublirebas.<br />
Ppersonalis marTvis sistemaSi<br />
Sromis <strong>da</strong>nawileba (gamoiyofa<br />
Sroma xelmZRvanelebis,<br />
specialistebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
mosamsaxureebis) xorcieldeba<br />
calkeuli qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebis<br />
formirebiT, romlebic<br />
specializirebuli iqnebian<br />
erTgvarovani funqciebis<br />
Sesrulebaze.<br />
gulisxmobs calkeuli<br />
mmarTvelobiTi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis<br />
erTdroul Sesrulebas, rac<br />
amaRlebs personalis marTvis<br />
operatiulobas.<br />
niSnavs personalis marTvis<br />
sistemis misa<strong>da</strong>gebas marTvis<br />
obieqtis Secvlili miznebisadmi<br />
<strong>da</strong> misi muSaobis pirobebisadmi
memkvidreobiToba<br />
13<br />
gulisxmobs saerTo<br />
meTodologiur safuZvels<br />
personalis marTvis sistemis<br />
srulyofis samuSaoebis<br />
Casatareblad gansxvavebul<br />
safexurebze <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
specialistebis mier.<br />
personalis marTvis sistemis<br />
muSakebis an qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebis<br />
uwyvetoba<br />
saqmianobaSi Sesvenebebis<br />
gamoricxva, sabuTebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>lagebisaTvis saWiro drois<br />
Semcireba, marTvis teqnikur<br />
saSualebaTa mocdenis drois<br />
principis <strong>da</strong>saxeleba<br />
Semcireba <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
principis Sinaarsi
iTmuloba<br />
teqnologiuri <strong>erTi</strong>anoba<br />
komfortuloba<br />
mmarTvelobaSi kolegialuroba<br />
14<br />
drois sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva monakveTSi<br />
Tanabari moculobis samuSaoTa<br />
Sesruleba <strong>da</strong> personalis marTvis<br />
funqciebis ganmeorebis<br />
regulireba<br />
gasagebi (xelmisawvdomi)<br />
terminologia, yvela qve<strong>da</strong>nayofisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelis saqmianoba<br />
agebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>erTi</strong>an<br />
konstruqciebze (etapebze, fasebze,<br />
funqciebze),<br />
personalis marTvis sistema un<strong>da</strong><br />
uzrunvelyofdes maqsimalur<br />
moxerxebulobas <strong>da</strong>sabuTebaTa<br />
SemoqmedebiTi procesebisaTvis,<br />
gamomuSavebisaTvis, a<strong>da</strong>mianis mier<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis miRebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
realizaciisaTvis. Mmag.<br />
<strong>da</strong>muSavebis gansxvavebuloba,<br />
sabuTebis specialuri gaformeba<br />
arsebiTi informaciis gamoyofiT<br />
(gamocalkevebiT); maTi garegnuli<br />
saxe; zedmeti muSaobis<br />
(saqmianobis) gamoricxva<br />
sabuTebis Sevsebis dros <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
profesionali menejerebi<br />
erTmaneTTan mWidro kontaqtiTa <strong>da</strong><br />
kavSir-urTierTobiT muSaoben,<br />
erTmaneTTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli arian<br />
TanamSromlobisa <strong>da</strong> kargi<br />
urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis<br />
survilebiT, riTac qmnian<br />
mmarTvelobiT Stats.
personalis marTvis principebia:<br />
-TiToeuli muSakisaTvis Tavis saqmianobaze pasuxismgeblobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>kisreba;<br />
-TiToeulma muSakma un<strong>da</strong> icodes, Tu pira<strong>da</strong>d vis eqvemdebareba <strong>da</strong><br />
visgan iRebs miTiTebebs.<br />
personalis marTvaSi SeiZleba gamovyoT sami urTier<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
midgoma, romelic gamomdinareobs ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> saorganizacio<br />
Teorebi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
pirveli midgoma <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia a<strong>da</strong>mianuri kapitalis formirebasTan.<br />
meore midgoma gulisxmobs personalis marTvaSi im faqtorebis<br />
gamoyenebas, romlebic axdenen <strong>da</strong>mqiraveblis motivirebas, raTa gare Sromis<br />
bazarze moiZios Sesabamisi profilis mqone optimaluri samuSao Zalebi.<br />
mesame midgoma <strong>da</strong>fuZnebulia organizaciisadmi erTgulebis<br />
koncefciaze, romelic iwvevs organizaciis (firmis) qcevis modelis Seqmnas<br />
sakadro<br />
politikis<br />
SemuSaveba <strong>da</strong><br />
ganxorcieleba<br />
personalis<br />
SerCevisa <strong>da</strong><br />
ganawilebis<br />
principebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>qiravebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>Txovnis<br />
pirobebi<br />
swavleba <strong>da</strong><br />
kvalifikaciis<br />
amaRleba<br />
personalis<br />
saqmianobis<br />
Sefaseba<br />
personalis marTvis struqtura<br />
Sromis<br />
anazRaureba <strong>da</strong><br />
stimulireba<br />
Sromis<br />
anazRaurebis<br />
formebi<br />
Sromis<br />
nayofierebis<br />
amaRlebis<br />
gzebi<br />
Sromis<br />
anazRaurebis<br />
wamaxalisebeli<br />
sistemebi<br />
jgufuri marTva,<br />
urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />
koleqtivSi <strong>da</strong><br />
profkavSirebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />
<strong>da</strong>bal doneze<br />
muSakebis marTvaSi<br />
CarTva (mozidva)<br />
samuSao brigadebi <strong>da</strong><br />
maTi funqciebi<br />
urTier<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />
koleqtivSi<br />
___________ <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />
profkavSirebTan<br />
15<br />
marTvis<br />
socialurfsiqologiuri<br />
aspeqtebi<br />
muSakebis<br />
Sromis<br />
motivacia <strong>da</strong><br />
SemoqmedebiTi<br />
iniciativa<br />
Ffirmis<br />
organizaciuli<br />
Kkultura<br />
personalis<br />
marTvis<br />
gavlena firmis<br />
saqmianobaze <strong>da</strong><br />
mis<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>ze<br />
___________<br />
personalis marTvis struqtura moicavs saqmianobis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
mimarTulebebs, esenia:
esursebis <strong>da</strong>gegmva: momxmareblis a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebiT<br />
uzrunvelyofa <strong>da</strong> amisaTvis aucilebeli <strong>da</strong>naxarjebis gegmis SemuSaveba;<br />
personalis SerCeva: yvela Tanamdebobis mixedviT potenciuri<br />
kandi<strong>da</strong>tebis rezervis Seqmna;<br />
kadrebis ga<strong>da</strong>rCeva: kandi<strong>da</strong>tebis Sefaseba samuSao adgilebze <strong>da</strong><br />
rezervi<strong>da</strong>n saukeTesoTa SerCeva;<br />
xelfasisa <strong>da</strong> kompensaciebis gansazRvra: xelfasisa <strong>da</strong> SeRavaTebis<br />
struqturis SemuSaveba personalis mozidvis, <strong>da</strong>qiravebisa <strong>da</strong> SenarCunebis<br />
mizniT;<br />
proforientacia <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>ptireba: <strong>da</strong>saqmebuli muSakebis Seyvana<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>sa (firmaasa) <strong>da</strong> mis qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebSi, muSakebisaTvis ganmarteba<br />
<strong>da</strong> swavleba imisa, Tu ras moelis maTgan <strong>organizacia</strong> (firma) <strong>da</strong> rogori<br />
Sroma iRebs <strong>da</strong>msaxurebul Sefasebas;<br />
swavleba: personalis swavlebis programebis SemuSaveba, maT mier<br />
samuSaos efeqtianad Sesrulebisa <strong>da</strong> samsaxurebrivi winsvlis mizniT;<br />
SromiTi saqmianobis Sefaseba: SromiTi saqmianobis Sefasebis<br />
meTodikis SemuSaveba <strong>da</strong> misi <strong>da</strong>yvana momuSaveebamde;<br />
<strong>da</strong>winaureba, <strong>da</strong>qveiTeba, ga<strong>da</strong>yvana, <strong>da</strong>Txovna: muSakebis Tanamdebobrivi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis meTodikis SemuSaveba meti an naklebi pasuxismgeblobis<br />
SemcvelobiT, muSakebis profesiuli gamocdilebis ganviTareba maTi sxva<br />
Tanamdebobebze ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis gziT an sxva ubanze ga<strong>da</strong>yvaniT, agreTve<br />
<strong>da</strong>qiravebis xelSekrulebis Sewyvetis proceduris ganxorcielebiT;<br />
xelmZRvaneli kadrebis momzadeba, samsaxurebrivi <strong>da</strong>winaurebis marTva.<br />
Pprogramebis SemuSaveba, romlebic mimarTulia xelmZRvaneli kadrebis<br />
un<strong>aris</strong> ganviTarebisa <strong>da</strong> Sromis efeqtianobis amaRlebisaken;<br />
SromiTi urTierTobebi: koleqtiuri xelSekrulebebis <strong>da</strong>debasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli molaparakebebis warmoeba;<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmeba: <strong>da</strong>saqmebis Tanabrad uzrunvelyofis programebis SemuSveba.<br />
personalis marTvis programebis SemuSaveba iTvaliswinebs:<br />
-miznobrivi orientaciisa <strong>da</strong> saerTo miznebis urTierTkavSiris<br />
arsebobas.<br />
-SromiTi resusrebis marTvis sferoSi strategiis erToblivad<br />
SemuSavebas <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saqmebis stabilizacias xelmZRvanelobis profkavSirebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> muSakebis mier.<br />
organizaciuli kultura<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong> rTuli meqanizmia, romlis sasicocxlo potencialis<br />
safuZvelsac organizaciuli kultura warmoadgens: is, ris gamo a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />
gaxdnen organizaciis wevrebi; is, Tu rogor aigeba maT Soris urTierToba;<br />
organizaciis cxovrebisa <strong>da</strong> saqmianobis myar normebsa <strong>da</strong> principebs rogor<br />
iziareben isini, ra <strong>aris</strong>, maTi azriT, kargi <strong>da</strong> ra _ cudi, <strong>da</strong> kidev bevri<br />
sxva ram iseTi, romelic faseulobebsa <strong>da</strong> normebs miekuTvneba.<br />
organizaciuli kulturis matarebelia a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, magram ukve<br />
Camoyalibebuli organizaciuli kulturis mqone organizaciebSi<br />
organizaciuli kultura TiTqos gancalkevebulia a<strong>da</strong>mianebisagan <strong>da</strong> xdeba<br />
organizaciis atributi, misi nawili, romelic aqtiur zemoqmedebas axdens<br />
16
organizaciis wevrebze, maTi qcevis modificirebas im normebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
faseulobebis Sesabamisad, romlebic mis safuZvels Seadgenen.<br />
imdenad, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c kultura umniSvelovanes rols TamaSobs<br />
organizaciis cxovrebaSi mas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba un<strong>da</strong> eqceodes<br />
xelmZRvanelobis mxri<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
menejementi ara marto Seesabameba organizaciul kulturas <strong>da</strong> masze<br />
Zlieraa <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli, aramed mas SeuZlia moaxdinos gavlena<br />
organizaciuli kulturis formirebasa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebaze. amisaTvis<br />
menejerebs un<strong>da</strong> SeeZloT organizaciuli kulturis gaanalizeba <strong>da</strong><br />
gavlenis moxdena mis formirebasa <strong>da</strong> sasurveli mimarTulebiT Secvlaze.<br />
Tanamedrove literaturaSi sakmaod mravla<strong>da</strong>a organizaciuli<br />
kulturis Sinaarsis cnebis gansazRvra. rogorc mraval sxva organizaciul<br />
mmarTvelobiT disciplinas, aseve organizaciuli kulturis koncefciasac<br />
ar gaaCnia erTad<strong>erTi</strong> swori <strong>da</strong> utyuari ganmarteba. TiToeuli avtori<br />
cdilobs es cneba Taviseburad ganmartos. Aamitom amJamad ukve gvaqvs<br />
rogorc Zalian viwro, aseve farTo gansazRvra imisa, Tu ras warmoadgens<br />
organizaciuli kultura.<br />
avtorebis umeteseoba Tanxmdeba imaSi, rom organizaciuli kultura<br />
mniSvnelovani varaudebisa <strong>da</strong> ganzraxvebis rTuli <strong>organizacia</strong>a (romlebic<br />
xSirad formulirebas ar eqvemdebareba <strong>da</strong> mtkicebis gareSe miiReba jgufis<br />
wevrebis an organizaciis mier). xSirad korporaciuli kultura<br />
ganmartebulia rogorc organizaciis wevrebis mier gaTavisebuli<br />
filosofia <strong>da</strong> marTvis ideologia, varaudebi, ganzraxvebi, moraluri<br />
faseulobani <strong>da</strong> normebi, romlebic safuZvlad udevs urTierTobebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
urTierTqmedebebs rogorc organizaciis SigniT, aseve mis farglebs gareT.<br />
organizaciuli kultura <strong>organizacia</strong>Si vlindeba a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris<br />
urTierTobebSi. Aamitom sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebi an organizaciis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
nawilebi cdiloben, rom organizaciis kultura msgavsi terminiT aRweron.<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad organizaciuli kulturis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva ganmartebebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
maTi Sinaarsis aSkara gansxvavebisa, maTSi saerTo momentebic <strong>aris</strong>. Bbevr<br />
ganmartebaSi avtorebi eyrdnobian sabazro varaudebis nimuSebs, romlebsac<br />
organizaciis wevrebi icaven TavianT qcevebsa <strong>da</strong> qmedebebSi. es varaudebi<br />
xSirad <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia individis mier gare garemos (jgufis, organizaciis,<br />
sazogadoebis, msoflios) xedvasTan <strong>da</strong> misi cvlilebebis<br />
maregulireblebTan (buneba, sivrce, dro, samuSao urTierToba <strong>da</strong> a. S.).<br />
xSirad Zneldeba am xedvis formulireba organizaciebTan mimarTebaSi.<br />
Rirebulebebi (anu RirebulebiTi orientaciebi), romlebsac SeiZleba<br />
icavdes individi, warmoadgens meore saerTo kategorias, romelic avtorebis<br />
mier CarTulia organizaciuli kulturis ganmartebaSi. Rirebulebebi<br />
orientirs aZlevs individs imis gasarkvevad, Tu rogori qceva SeiZleba<br />
CaiTvalos misaRebad an <strong>da</strong>uSveblad (miuReblad). Aase, zogierT<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si miCneulia, rom klienti yovelTvis marTalia, amitom<br />
<strong>da</strong>uSvebelia klientis <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>naSauleba organizaciis wevrebis warumatebel<br />
muSaobaSi. sxvagan SesaZlebelia yvelaferi sapirispirod iyos. magram<br />
rogorc erT, ise meore SemTxvevaSi miRebuli faseuloba exmareba individs<br />
imis gagebaSi, Tu rogor un<strong>da</strong> imoqmedos man konkrentul situaciaSi.<br />
<strong>da</strong> bolos, organizaciuli kulturis Sinaarsis cnebis mesame saerTo<br />
atributad miCneulia simbolika, romlis meSveobiTac RirebulebiTi<br />
orientaciebi “ga<strong>da</strong>ecemaT” organizaciis wevrebs. Mmraval firmas<br />
17
specialuri, yvelasaTvis gankuTvnili dokumenti aqvs, romelSic isini<br />
detalurad aRweren TavianT RirebulebiT orientaciebs. magram am<br />
ukanasknelis Sinaarsi <strong>da</strong> mniSvneloba sruliad ga<strong>da</strong>ecema muSakebs<br />
istoriis, legendebisa <strong>da</strong> miTebis meSveobiT. maT uyvebian Sinaarss,<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>scemen, ganumartaven. Sedegad isini individze ufro did gavlenas<br />
axdenen, vidre is Rirebulebebi, romlebic Cawerilia organizaciis<br />
sareklamo bukletSi.<br />
organizaciuli kultura – esaa umniSvnelovanesi varaudebis,<br />
ganzraxvebis nakrebi, miRebuli organizaciis wevrebis mier <strong>da</strong> asaxuli<br />
organizaciis mier gacxadebul RirebulebebSi, romlebic a<strong>da</strong>mianebs aZleven<br />
maTi qcevisa <strong>da</strong> moqmedebebis orientirebs. Ees RirebulebiTi orientaciebi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>ecema individebs sulieri <strong>da</strong> materialuri Si<strong>da</strong> organizaciuli<br />
urTierTobebis simboluri saSualebebiT.<br />
mas, vinc cdilobs Rrmad Seicnos organizaciuli kultura, Sexeba<br />
aqvs mis meore, ze<strong>da</strong>pirul donesTan. am doneze Seswavlas eqvemdebareba<br />
Rirebulebebi, romlebsac iziareben organizaciis wevrebi, imis Sesabamisad,<br />
es Rirebulebebi ramdenad aisaxeba simboloebsa <strong>da</strong> enaSi. Rirebulebebis<br />
miReba Segnebul xasiaTs atarebs <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia a<strong>da</strong>mianebis survilebze.<br />
Mmkvlevrebi xSirad izRudebian am doniT, radganac Semdeg doneze TiTqmis<br />
<strong>da</strong>uZleveli sirTuleebi wamoiWreba.<br />
mesame, siRrmisuli done moicavs sabazro varaudebsa <strong>da</strong> ganzraxvebs,<br />
romlebic Znelad gasarkvevia <strong>da</strong> maTSi garkveva TviT organizaciis<br />
wevrebsac ki uWirT specialurad am sakiTxebze gonebis <strong>da</strong>Zabvisa <strong>da</strong><br />
yuradRebis gamaxvilebis gareSe. es faruli <strong>da</strong> sarwmunod miRebuli<br />
varudebi <strong>da</strong> ganzraxulobani warmarTaven a<strong>da</strong>mianebis qcevas <strong>da</strong> moqmedebas,<br />
exmarebian maT aiTvison <strong>da</strong> aRiqvan is atributebi, romlebic axasiaTebs<br />
organizaciul kulturas.<br />
imis Sesabamisad, Tu miTiTebuli doneebi<strong>da</strong>n romeli Seiswavleba,<br />
miRebulia organizaciuli kulturebis <strong>da</strong>yofa subieqturad <strong>da</strong> obieqturad.<br />
subieqturi organizaciuli kultura iqmneba muSakebis mier varaudebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
ganzraxulebaTa nimuSebis gaziarebis, rwmenisa <strong>da</strong> molodinisagan, agreTve<br />
misi Rirebulebebis organizaciuli garemocvis jgufuri aRqmisagan<br />
(miRebisagan), im normebisa <strong>da</strong> rgolebis miRebisagan, romlebic pirovnebis<br />
gareT arseboben. amaSi CairTveba simbolikis rigi elementebi, gansakuTrebiT<br />
misi sulieri nawili: organizaciis gmiri, miTebi organizaciisa <strong>da</strong> misi<br />
lideris istoriaze, organizaciuli tabu, ritualebi, urTierTobaTa enisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> lozungebis miReba-aRqma. subieqturi organizaciuli kultura<br />
praqtikuli kulturis formirebis anu xelmZRvanelobis stilis SemuSavebis,<br />
xelmRvanelebis mier problemaTa ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis stilis gamomuSavebis,<br />
mTlianad maTi qcevis wesebis Camoyalibebis safuZvelia. Ees qmnis<br />
gansxvavebas msgavs organizaciul kulturaTa Soris, magaliTad, or<br />
kompanias SeuZlia ganacxados klientebis x<strong>aris</strong>xianad momsaxurebis Sesaxeb.<br />
saboloo Sedegi bevrad iqneba <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli imaze, Tu rogor iqneba<br />
ganxorcielebuli am procesis xelmZRvaneloba.<br />
obieqtur organizaciul kulturas Cveulebriv ukavSireben fizikur<br />
garemocavas, romelic <strong>organizacia</strong>Sia Seqmnili: TviT Senoba <strong>da</strong> misi<br />
dizaini, misi ganlagebis adgili, mowyobiloba <strong>da</strong> aveji, sivrcis feri <strong>da</strong><br />
moculoba, moxerxebuloba, misaRebi oTaxebi, manqanebis gasaCereblebi <strong>da</strong><br />
18
sxv. es yvelaferi ama Tu im x<strong>aris</strong>xiT asaxavs im faseulobebs, romlebsac<br />
misdevs mocemuli <strong>organizacia</strong>.<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom organizaciuli kulturis orive aspeqti<br />
mniSvnelovania, mainc subieqturi aspeqti a<strong>da</strong>mianebsa <strong>da</strong> organizaciebs<br />
Soris. rogorc saerTos, ise gansxvavebaTa Ziebis met saSulebas qmnis.<br />
uamravi midgoma arsebobs im gansxvavebuli atributebis gamosayofad,<br />
romlebic ama Tu im kulturis <strong>da</strong>xasiaTebas <strong>da</strong> identifikacias axdenen,<br />
rogorc makro, ise mikrodoneze. Kkonkretuli organizaciuli kultura<br />
SegviZlia ganvixiloT aTi maxasiaTeblis safuZvelze:<br />
-muSakis mier sakuTari Tavisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>organizacia</strong>Si Tavisi adgilis<br />
gacnobiereba – erTni kulturas aRiqvamen rogorc muSakis mier Tavisi<br />
Sinagani ganwyobis <strong>da</strong>farvas, meoreni mxars uWeren <strong>da</strong> waaxaliseben maT<br />
garegan gamovlenas; calkeul SemTxvevebSi <strong>da</strong>moukidebloba <strong>da</strong> Semoqmedeba<br />
vlindeba TanamSromlobis saxiT, xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi –individualizmis<br />
saxiT;<br />
-urTierTobis komunikaciuri sistema <strong>da</strong> metyveleba – zepiri, weriTi,<br />
araverbaluri komunikaciis, “satelefono uflebis” <strong>da</strong> komunikaciis<br />
gaxsnilobis gamoyeneba gansxvavebulia jgufebs Soris, jgufi<strong>da</strong>n jgufamde,<br />
organizacii<strong>da</strong>n <strong>organizacia</strong>mde; Jargoni, abreviatura, Jestikulaciebi saxes<br />
icvlis, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva organizaciebis <strong>da</strong>rgobrivi, funqcionaluri <strong>da</strong><br />
teritoriuli kuTvnilebis mixedviT;<br />
-garegnuli ieri, tansacmeli <strong>da</strong> Tavis wardgena samsaxurSi _<br />
uniformaTa <strong>da</strong> spectansacmlis, saqmiani stilis, kosmetikis , varcxnilobis<br />
gansxvavebuloba <strong>da</strong> mravalsaxeoba a<strong>da</strong>sturebs mravali mikrokulturis<br />
arsebobas;<br />
-ras <strong>da</strong> rogor miirTmeven a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, Wamis Cveulebebi <strong>da</strong> tradiciebi<br />
_ muSakebis kvebis <strong>organizacia</strong>, maT Soris sawarmoSi kvebisTvis<br />
gankuTvnili adgilebis arseboba an ararseboba; a<strong>da</strong>mianebi <strong>da</strong>atareben<br />
TavianT sakvebs Tu Sedian kafeebSi <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebis SigniT an mis gareT;<br />
dotacia kvebaze; kvebis perioduloba <strong>da</strong> xangrZlivoba; sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva donis<br />
muSakebi ikvebebian erTad Tu cal-calke <strong>da</strong> a. S.;<br />
-drois Secnoba, SegrZneba, mis<strong>da</strong>mi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba <strong>da</strong> gamoyeneba _<br />
muSakebis sizustis x<strong>aris</strong>xi <strong>da</strong> droisadmi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba; drois ganrigis<br />
<strong>da</strong>cva; drois monoqronikuli an poliqronikuli gamoyeneba;<br />
-a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris urTierToba <strong>da</strong> urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba _ asakisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sqesis mixedviT, statusisa <strong>da</strong> xelisuflebis mixedviT, gonierebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
inteleqtis, gamocdilebisa <strong>da</strong> codnis, rangis <strong>da</strong> protokolis, religiisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> moqlaqeobis mixedviT <strong>da</strong> a. S.;<br />
-faseulobebi _ rogorc orientirTa nakrebi imaze, Tu ra <strong>aris</strong> kargi<br />
<strong>da</strong> ra <strong>aris</strong> cudi <strong>da</strong> normebi _ rogorc wina<strong>da</strong>debaTa <strong>da</strong> molodinTa<br />
nakrebi qcevis gansazRvruli tipis mixedviT –a<strong>da</strong>mianebi ras afaseben<br />
TavianT organizaciul cxovrebaSi (Tavis mdgomareobas, titulebs Tu TviT<br />
samuSaos <strong>da</strong> a. S) <strong>da</strong> rogor xdeba am faseulobaTa SenarCuneba;<br />
-rwmena raRacis mimarT <strong>da</strong> raRacis mimarT <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba an ganwyoba<br />
raRacis mimarT _ rwmena xelmZRvanelobis, warmatebebis, sakuTari Zalebis,<br />
urTierT<strong>da</strong>xmarebis, eTikuri qcevis, samarTlianobis mimarT <strong>da</strong> a.S.;<br />
kolegebisadmi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba, borotebis, Zladobisa <strong>da</strong> agresiisadmi<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba <strong>da</strong> sxv.; religiis gavlena <strong>da</strong> morali;<br />
19
-muSakebis ganviTarebis procesi <strong>da</strong> swavleba _ samuSaos moufiqrebeli<br />
an Segnebuli Sesruleba; orientiri inteleqtze Tu Zalaze; muSakebis<br />
informirebis procedurebi; msjelobebsa <strong>da</strong> moqmedebebSi logikis primatis<br />
aRiareba an uaryofa; abstraqcia <strong>da</strong> konceptualizacia azrovnebasa <strong>da</strong><br />
swavlaSi; mizezebis ganmartebisadmi midgoma;<br />
-SromiTi eTika <strong>da</strong> motivireba – samuSaos mimarT <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba <strong>da</strong><br />
pasuxismgebloba samuSaos Sesrulebaze; samuSaos <strong>da</strong>nawileba <strong>da</strong> Senacvleba-<br />
Canacvleba; samuSao adgilis sisufTave; samuSaos x<strong>aris</strong>xi; Cveulebebi<br />
samuSos mixedviT; samuSaos Sefaseba <strong>da</strong> waxaliseba; <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />
“a<strong>da</strong>miani-manqana”; individualuri an jgufuri muSaoba; samsaxurebrivi<br />
<strong>da</strong>winaureba.<br />
organizaciuli kulturis zemoaRniSnuli maxasiaTeblebi erTad<br />
aRebuli asaxaven <strong>da</strong> Sinaars aZleven organizaciuli kulturis koncefcias.<br />
Oorganizaciis wevrebi, iziareben ra rwmenasa <strong>da</strong> molodinis grZnobas,<br />
qmnian TavianT fizikur garemocvas, SeimuSaveben urTierTobis enas, avlenen<br />
yvelasaTvis gasageb grZnobebsa <strong>da</strong> emociebs. Yyovelive es exmareba maT<br />
organizaciuli kulturis gagebasa <strong>da</strong> interpretirebaSi, anu Tavisi<br />
mniSvneloba mianiWon movlenebsa <strong>da</strong> moqmedebebs, gaazrebuli gaxadon<br />
TavianTi samuSao garemocva. a<strong>da</strong>mianebisa <strong>da</strong> jgufebis qceva organizaciis<br />
SigniT mWidro<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli normebTan, romlebic gamomdinareobs am<br />
rwmenis, molodinisa <strong>da</strong> moqmedebebisagan.<br />
organizaciuli kulturis Sinaarsi gavlenas axdens qcevis<br />
mimarTulebebze <strong>da</strong> ganisazRvreba varaudebisa <strong>da</strong> ganzraxvebis ara martivi<br />
<strong>da</strong>jamebiT, aramed imiT, Tu rogor arian isini <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli erTmaneTTan<br />
<strong>da</strong> rogor qmnian qcevis gansazRvrul nimuSebs. Aama Tu im kulturis<br />
ganmasxvavebeli <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebaa formirebadi sabaziso<br />
varaudebisa <strong>da</strong> ganzraxvebis garkveuli wesrigi,, rac miuTiTebs imaze, Tu<br />
rogori politika <strong>da</strong> romeli principebi un<strong>da</strong> Warbobdes wina<strong>da</strong>debaTa<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva nakrebs Soris konfliqtis wamoWris SemTxvevaSi. Aase, or<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>s Tanabrad SeuZlia ganacxados muSaobaSi kooperaciisa <strong>da</strong> Si<strong>da</strong><br />
konkurenciis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, rogorc erT-erT mniSvnelovan<br />
Rirebulebaze. Mmagram, amasTan, erT <strong>organizacia</strong>Si kooperacia ufro metad<br />
iqneba <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebaTa miRebis procesze, xolo Si<strong>da</strong><br />
konkurencia – karieris <strong>da</strong>gegmvaze. Mmeore <strong>organizacia</strong>Si aqcenti SeiZleba<br />
gakeTdes Sebrunebuli wesiTa <strong>da</strong> mimarTulebebiT. Aam ori organizaciis<br />
kulturaTa Sinaarsi sakmaod gansxavavebuli iqneba, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom<br />
maTi varaudebisa <strong>da</strong> ganzraxulebaTa nakrebi arsebiTad TiTqos erTnairia.<br />
zemoT moyvanili kidev erTxel TvalnaTliv gviCvenebs, rom<br />
organizaciul kulturaze, rogorc monoliTur fenomenze, laparaki ar<br />
gviwevs. Ees mxolod organizaciis <strong>erTi</strong> kulturaa. Aamis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad,<br />
aucilebelia gvaxsovdes, rom erT <strong>organizacia</strong>Si SesaZlebelia iyos bevri<br />
“lokaluri” kultura. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, arsebobs <strong>erTi</strong>, mTel <strong>organizacia</strong>Si<br />
umeteswilad gavrcelebuli <strong>da</strong> upiratesad miCneuli kultura <strong>da</strong> misi<br />
nawilebis (donis, qve<strong>da</strong>nayofis, profesionaluri, regionaluri, erovnuli,<br />
asakobrivi, sqesobrivi <strong>da</strong> sxva jgufebis) kultura. Yyvela es gansxvavebuli<br />
subkultura SesaZlebelia Tanaarsebobdes <strong>erTi</strong> saerTo kulturis qveS.<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si <strong>erTi</strong> an ramdenime subkultura Tavisi bunebiT<br />
SesaZlebelia imyofebodes imave ganzomilebaSi, romelSic <strong>aris</strong><br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si dominirebuli kultura, an kidev Seqmnas am <strong>organizacia</strong>Si<br />
20
erTgvari meore ganzomileba. pirvel <strong>organizacia</strong>Si es iqneba Taviseburi<br />
anklavi, romelSic dominirebuli kulturis Rirebulebebisadmi erTguleba,<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>deba vlindeba ufro metad, vidre organizaciis sxva nawilSi.<br />
Cveulebriv, es xdeba organizaciis centraluri aparatis subkulturis an<br />
marTvis organoebis sistemaSi. meore SemTxvevaSi <strong>organizacia</strong>Si<br />
dominirebuli kulturis ZiriTadi Rirebulebebi am organizaciis romelime<br />
jgufis wevris mier miiReba sxva kulturebTan erTad calke nakrebis saxiT.<br />
sazogadoebis msgavsad, <strong>organizacia</strong>Sic SeiZleba arsebobdes mesame tipis<br />
subkulturebic, romlebic sakmaod mtkiced uaryofen imas, risi miRwevac<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>s surs mTlianobaSi. <strong>organizacia</strong>Si kontrkulturebi maSin<br />
iqmneba xolme, rodesac individebi <strong>da</strong> jgufebi iseT pirobebSi imyofebian,<br />
rom SeuZlebelia maTTvis sasurveli an normaluri mdgomareobis<br />
uzrunvelyofa. garkveuli azriT, organizaciuli kontrkulturebi<br />
warmoadgenen stresis an krizisis periodSi mowodebas <strong>da</strong>xmarebisaken, anu<br />
rodesac mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris arsebuli sistema iSleba <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianebi cdiloben<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si TavianTi cxovrebis kontrolis raime doniT aRdgenas.<br />
zogi<strong>erTi</strong> “kontkulturis” jgufi SesaZlebelia sakmaod gavleniani gaxdes<br />
msxvilmasStabiani transformaciuli procesebis msvlelobaSi, romlebic<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia bunebaSi mimdinare cvlilebebTan, agreTve organizaciis<br />
konstruqciisa <strong>da</strong> xasiaTis cvlilebebTan. aseTi jgufebis TvalsaCino<br />
magaliTia Tavis droze yovlisSemZle SromiTi koleqtivis sabWoebi,<br />
romlebic amJamad, privatizaciis procesis mimdinareobisas, warmoiqmna<br />
sawarmoTa aqciebis sakontrolo paketis mflobelTa jgufebis <strong>da</strong><br />
sabiujeto organizaciebis samewarmeo qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebis saxiT.<br />
rogorc karga<strong>da</strong>a cnobili, garemomcveli sfero mniSvnelovan<br />
gavlenas axdens <strong>organizacia</strong>ze, rac, bunebrivia, mis kulturazec aisaxeba.<br />
amasTan, rogorc praqtika gviCvenebs, or <strong>organizacia</strong>s, romlebic erT<br />
garemosa <strong>da</strong> garemocvaSi funqcionireben, SesaZlebelia Zlier gansxvavebuli<br />
kultura hqondeT. Ees imitom xdeba, rom organizaciis wevrebi TavianTi<br />
erToblivi gamocdilebiT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvanairad wyveten or umniSvnelovanes<br />
problemas. Ppirveli _ esaa gare a<strong>da</strong>ptacia: ra un<strong>da</strong> gakeTdes organizaciis<br />
mier <strong>da</strong> rogor un<strong>da</strong> gakeTdes. meore _ esaa Siga integracia: rogor wyveten<br />
organizaciis muSakebi TavianT yoveldRiur, <strong>organizacia</strong>Si muSaobasa <strong>da</strong><br />
cxovrebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul problemebs.<br />
gare a<strong>da</strong>ptaciis <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>rCenis procesi ukavSirdeba organizaciis<br />
mier bazarze Tavisi niSis Ziebasa <strong>da</strong> povnas <strong>da</strong> mis morgebas mudmivad<br />
cvalebad garemosTan. Ees <strong>aris</strong> organizaciis mier Tavisi miznebis miRwevisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> misi urTierTqmedebis procesi gare samyaros warmomadgenlebTan.<br />
Cveulebriv <strong>organizacia</strong> viTardeba axali wevrebis mozidvis xarjze,<br />
romlebic sxva kulturis mqone organizaciebi<strong>da</strong>n modian. Oorganizaciis<br />
axal wevrebs, nebsiT Tu uneblieT, <strong>organizacia</strong>Si sxva kulturis “virusi”<br />
SeaqvT. Semdgom ki kulturebi<strong>da</strong>n romeli <strong>da</strong>mkvidrdeba <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>rCeba,<br />
bevra<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli maT siZliereze, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c es siZliere gavlenas<br />
axdens ama Tu im qcevis intensivobaze.<br />
organizaciis kulturis siZliere sami parametriT ganisazRvreba:<br />
-kulturis “sisqe”;<br />
-organizaciis wevrebis mier kulturis gaziarebis x<strong>aris</strong>xi;<br />
-kulturis prioritetebis sicxade (garkveuloba).<br />
21
organizaciis kulturis “sisqe” ganisazRvreba im mniSvnelovani<br />
varaudebis (ganzraxvaTa) raodenobiT, romlebsac TanamSromlebi iziareben.<br />
Kkultura rwmenisa <strong>da</strong> Rirebulebebis mravali doniT Zlier gavlenas<br />
axdens TanamSromelTa qcevebze.<br />
zogierT kulturaSi aRiarebuli <strong>da</strong> gaziarebuli sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva rwmena <strong>da</strong><br />
Rirebulebebi mkveTrad ranJirebulia, amasTan, is, rom maT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvari<br />
Rirebuleba aqvT, sulac ar amcirebs TiToeuli maTganis rols. zogierT<br />
sxva kulturaSi Se<strong>da</strong>rebiTi prioritetebi <strong>da</strong> aRiarebul Rirebulebebs<br />
Soris kavSirebi mTlianad naTeli ar <strong>aris</strong>. pirvel SemTxvevaSi miiRweva<br />
didi efeqti a<strong>da</strong>mianebis qcevaze gavlenis TvalsazrisiT, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c maTSi<br />
iwyebs formirebas rwmena imisa, Tu romeli Rirebuleba un<strong>da</strong> Warbobdes<br />
interesTa konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi<br />
Sromis motivireba <strong>da</strong> karieris marTva<br />
1. motivirebis arsi <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis ZiriTadi moTxovnilebebi<br />
imisaTvis, rom <strong>organizacia</strong>m warmatebiT miaRwios Tavis miznebs,<br />
sakm<strong>aris</strong>i araa organizaciuli, teqnikuri, resursuli sakiTxebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta<br />
<strong>da</strong> kvalificiuri personalis mozidva; yovelive amasTan erTad aucilebelia<br />
Sromis procesis iseTi organizeba, rom yovelma momuSavem Zalisxmeva <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>intereseba gamoavlinos <strong>da</strong>saxuli miznebis <strong>misaRwevad</strong>. istoria,<br />
mecnieruli gamokvlevebi, praqtikuli cxovreba <strong>da</strong> gamocdileba calsaxad<br />
a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianma mxolod maSin SeiZleba miaRwios Tavis miznebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> maqsimalurad gamoavlinos Tavisi unar-SesaZleblobebi, roca is<br />
saTanado<strong>da</strong>a motivirebuli, roca mas saamisod realuri stimuli aqvs.<br />
rasakvirvelia, arasworia imis mtkiceba, rom momuSaveTa SromiTi qceva,<br />
disciplina <strong>da</strong> Sromis Sedegebi mxolod maTi motivirebiT ganisazRvreba,<br />
magram es odnava<strong>da</strong>c ar amcirebs a<strong>da</strong>mianTa motivirebis gansakuTrebul<br />
mniSvnelobas.<br />
ratom amjobineben xolme a<strong>da</strong>mianebi erT samuSaos meores? ratom<br />
reagireben isini sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvarad erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave stimulze? ratomaa, rom<br />
erT SemTxvevaSi Tav<strong>da</strong>uzogavad, maqsimaluri mobilizebiTa <strong>da</strong> mondomebiT<br />
muSaoben, sxva SemTxvevebSi ki _ zereled <strong>da</strong> uinteresod? rasakvirvelia, aq<br />
mTavaria imis garkveva, Tu ra <strong>da</strong> ratom iwvevs a<strong>da</strong>mianTa motivirebas <strong>da</strong> ra<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gakeTdes, rom isini <strong>da</strong>intersebulni iyvnen, maqsimaluri ZalisxmeviTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Sedegianad imuSaon.<br />
tradiciulad <strong>da</strong> dResac, arcTu cota xelmZRvaneli fiqrobs, rom<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianTa warmatebuli saqmianobis mTavari <strong>da</strong> xSirad erTad<strong>erTi</strong> stimuli<br />
materialuri <strong>da</strong>intereseba, xelfasia. am faqtoris Zalze didi mniSvnelobis<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, gansakuTrebiT dRevandel qarTul sinamdvileSi, iSviaTi rodia<br />
SemTxvevebi, roca a<strong>da</strong>miani didi monodomebiTa <strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>da</strong>viwyebiTac muSaobs,<br />
Tumca mas ar akmayofilebs xelfasis done; <strong>aris</strong> iseTi samuSoebic,<br />
romlebsac arc<strong>erTi</strong> a<strong>da</strong>miani xels ar mohkidebs, rac un<strong>da</strong> maRali iyos<br />
anazRaureba; ase rom, fuli yovelTvis <strong>da</strong> yvelafers ar wyvets <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
motivirebac marto mas ar ukavSirdeba.<br />
22
motivireba a<strong>da</strong>mianis im moTxovnilebebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli Sinagani<br />
mdgomareobaa, romlebic stimuls aZleven mis moqmedebebs <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saxuli<br />
miznebis <strong>misaRwevad</strong> warmarTaven.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis qcevis motivirebis gamartivebuli modeli<br />
moTxovnilebebi;<br />
motivebi, moqmedebebi, romlebic moTxovnilebaTa <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebiskenaa<br />
mimarTuli;<br />
mizani;<br />
moTxovnilebaTa <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebis<br />
Sedegi<br />
xazgasmiT un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom motivireba uSualod <strong>da</strong> ganuyofla<strong>da</strong>a<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianis moTxovnilebebTan. moTxovnileba <strong>aris</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
mier aRqmuli ukm<strong>aris</strong>oba imisa, rac mis gareTaa <strong>da</strong> rac aucilebelia misi<br />
normaluri cxovrebisaTvis. rodesac iwyeben muSaobas, a<strong>da</strong>mianebi cdiloben<br />
<strong>da</strong>ikmayofilon sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva moTxovnileba, romelic SeiZleba xSirad<br />
saTanadod gacnobierebulic ki ar hqondeT. Tanamedrove literaturaSi<br />
arsebobs a<strong>da</strong>mianis moTxovnilebaTa sakmaod bevri, erTmaneTisagn metnaklebad<br />
gansxvavebuli klasifikacia, amaTgan erT-<strong>erTi</strong> yvelaze<br />
popularulia maslous mier warmodgenili klasifikacia.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianTa moTxovnilebebis ierarqia maslous mixedviT<br />
pirveladi moTxovnilebebi<br />
1. fiziologiuri<br />
2. usafrTxoebis<br />
meoradi moTxovnilebebi<br />
3. aRiareba-pativiscemis<br />
4. socialuri<br />
Y 5. TviTgamoxatvis (TviTrealizebis)<br />
fiziologiuri moTxovnilebebia: sakvebi, wyali, haeri, tansacmeli, bina<br />
<strong>da</strong> a. S. , anu is moTxovnilebebi, romlebic a<strong>da</strong>mianis, rogorc biologiuri<br />
organizmis arsebobas uzrunvelyofen.<br />
usafrTxoebis moTxovnilebebia: saimedo samuSao adgili, Semosavlis<br />
mudmivi wyaros arseboba, fizikuri <strong>da</strong> fsiqikuri usafrTxoeba, samedicino<br />
<strong>da</strong>xmareba, sapensio uzrunvelyofa, mSvidoba, xvalindeli dRis imedi <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
socialuri moTxovnilebebia: socialuri kontaqtebi, kolegebTan<br />
araformaluri urTierTobebi, organizaciis Cveulebriv wevrad gaxdoma,<br />
organizaciuli kulturis gaTaviseba <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
aRiareba-pativiscemis moTxovnilebebia: momuSaves pativs scemen<br />
xelmZRvanelebi, kolegebi, aRiareben mis warmatebul saqmianobas,<br />
mondomebasa <strong>da</strong> profesionalizms, maRalia misi <strong>da</strong> misi Tanamdebobis<br />
prestiJi <strong>da</strong> avtoriteti saqminobis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sferoSi, maRalia misi<br />
statusi (kabineti, aRWurva, momsaxureba <strong>da</strong> a.S.), mas aqvs Zlaufleba, axdens<br />
sakuTari miRwevebis Sefasebas <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
23
TviTgamoxatvis moTxovnilebebia: sakuTari unar-SesaZleblobebis<br />
srulyofilad gamovlena <strong>da</strong> realizeba, SemoqmedebiTi ganviTareba,<br />
pirovnuli zr<strong>da</strong>.<br />
rasakvirvelia, moTxovnilebaTa warmodgenili ierarqii<strong>da</strong>n pirveli<br />
ori, e.w. vitaluri, anu sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis, pirveladi<br />
moTxovnilebebia; Tu isini araa <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebuli, Znelia (Tu SeuZlebeli<br />
ara) a<strong>da</strong>mians sxva, ufro maRali, meoradi – aRiareba-pativiscemasTan,<br />
socialur cxovrebasTan Tu TviTgamoxatvasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli _<br />
moTxovnilebebi gauCndes; Tumca gamonaklisebi yovelTvis <strong>da</strong> yvelgan xdeba<br />
<strong>da</strong> dRevandeli saqarTveloc amis saukeTeso magaliTia: vitaluri<br />
(fiziologiuri <strong>da</strong> usafrTxoebis) moTxovnilebaTa arasakm<strong>aris</strong>i<br />
<strong>da</strong>kmayofilebis pirobebSic ki saqarTvelos sajaro samsaxurSi cotani<br />
rodi arian moxeleebi, romlebic patiosnad, SemoqmedebiTad, didi<br />
mondomebiTa <strong>da</strong> maRali pasuxismgeblobiT asruleben TavianT funqciebs <strong>da</strong><br />
profesiul kmayofilebasac grZnoben.<br />
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, bevr a<strong>da</strong>mians axali samuSaos <strong>da</strong>wyebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
axal <strong>organizacia</strong>Si samomavlo saqmianobis motivebi, rogorc wesi,<br />
detalurad, konkretulad <strong>da</strong> sistemurad Camoyalibebuli ara aqvs. SeiZleba<br />
<strong>erTi</strong>-ori, misTvis mTavari <strong>da</strong> prioritetuli motivi hqondes<br />
gacnobierebuli, xolo <strong>da</strong>narCenebi arsebobdes intuiciur, qvecnobier<br />
doneze, an sruliad ar iyos Camoyalibebuli <strong>da</strong> saqmianobis Semdgom<br />
etapebze gamoCndes.<br />
am TvalsazrisiT, metad mniSvnelovania organizaciis personalis<br />
marTvis samsaxuris, rogorc meTodur-makoordinirebeli qve<strong>da</strong>nayofis, ise<br />
gansakuTrebiT xaziT menejerTa roli <strong>da</strong> funqciebi; am ukanasknelebma <strong>da</strong>,<br />
sazogadod, nebismierma menejerma un<strong>da</strong> icodes <strong>da</strong> cdilobdes ukeT gaigos,<br />
Tu ra konkretuli motivebi, moTxovnilebebi <strong>da</strong> interesebi amoZravebs maTze<br />
uSualod <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebs, risken iswrafvian, ras elodebian xval <strong>da</strong><br />
zeg isini, ra moswonT <strong>da</strong> ra ar moswonT maT TavianT saqmianobaSi, ra<br />
Seuwyobs xels maTi muSaobis efeqtianobis mniSvnelovan zr<strong>da</strong>s <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
socialuri moTxovnilebebi<br />
• SeecadeT TanamSromlebs misceT iseTi samuSao, romelic maT sxvebTan<br />
urTierTobebis saSualebas miscems;<br />
• SeqmeniT <strong>erTi</strong>ani gundis suliskveTeba samuSao adgilebze;<br />
• moawyveT <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebTan perioduli TaTbirebi;<br />
• Tu <strong>organizacia</strong>s realur zians ar ayeneben, nu SeecdebiT<br />
araformaluri jgufebis <strong>da</strong>Slas;<br />
• SeqmeniT saTanado pirobebi organizaciis gareT organizaciis wevrebis<br />
socialuri aqtivobisaTvis.<br />
aRiareba-pativiscemis moTxovnilebebi<br />
• SesTavazeT <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebs ufro Sinaarsiani samuSao;<br />
• uzrunvelyaviT organizaciis miRweul SedegebTan <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi ukukavSiri;<br />
• saTanadod SeafaseT <strong>da</strong> waaxaliseT <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa mier miRweuli<br />
Sedegebi;<br />
24
• aqtiurad CaabiT <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebi organizaciis (qve<strong>da</strong>nayofis<br />
miznebis formulirebisa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebis procesSi);<br />
• moaxdineT <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebebze <strong>da</strong>matebiT uflebamosilebaTa<br />
delegireba;<br />
• izruneT <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa karieraze, Tanamdebobriv winsvlaze,<br />
waxalisebaze.<br />
TviTgamoxatvis (TviTrealizebis) moTxovnilebebi<br />
• uzrunvelyaviT <strong>da</strong>qvemdbarebulTa swavlebis, ga<strong>da</strong>mzadebis,<br />
kvalifikaciis amaRlebisa <strong>da</strong> permanentuli ganviTarebis<br />
SesaZleblobebi, rac maT saSualebas miscems srulad gamoiyenon<br />
TavianTi potenciali;<br />
• mieciT <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebs rTuli <strong>da</strong> mniSvnelovani samuSao, rac<br />
maTgan srul ukugebas moiTxovs;<br />
• Yyovelmxriv waaxaliseT <strong>da</strong> xeli SeuwyveT <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa<br />
SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganviTarebas.<br />
metad didi mniSvneloba aqvs, rom momuSaveebi siamayes grZnobdnen<br />
organizaciis wevrobiT, organizaciis miznebsa <strong>da</strong> amocanebs aRiqvamdnen<br />
rogorc sakuTars, naTlad xe<strong>da</strong>vdnen TavianT adgilsa <strong>da</strong> rols maT<br />
miRwevaSi, erTmaneTs erwymodes saerTo-organizaciuli <strong>da</strong> pirovnuli<br />
interesebi, aRiarebuli <strong>da</strong> gaTavisuflebuli iqnes organizaciis<br />
strategiuli interesebis primati.<br />
imis gamo, rom xSirad naTlad araa Camoyalibebuli momuSaveTa<br />
motivaciuri struqtura <strong>da</strong> konkretuli moTxovnilebebi, am Tavis pirvel<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTSi mocemulia testi, romelic am mxriv <strong>da</strong>xmarebas gauwevs rogorc<br />
momuSaveebs, ise maT uSualo xelmZRvanelebsa <strong>da</strong> personalis marTvis<br />
samsaxuris moxeleebs.<br />
Sromis motivirebis ZiriTadi principebi<br />
momuSaveTa SromiTi qcevis gagebisa <strong>da</strong> stimulirebis <strong>da</strong>sabuTebuli,<br />
efeqtiani sistemis Sesaqmnelad didi mniSvneloba aqvs im fsiqologiuri<br />
kanonzomierebisa <strong>da</strong> ZiriTadi principebis codnas, romlebic SromiTi<br />
motivirebis safuZvels warmoadgenen; aseTi principebia:<br />
• SromiTi qcevis polimotivireba;<br />
• motivebis ierarqiuli organizeba;<br />
• samarTlianobis principi;<br />
• mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris principi.<br />
SromiTi qcevis polimotivireba<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis saqmianobaze ara <strong>erTi</strong>, aramed bevri motivi axdens gavlenas;<br />
amis gageba SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>exmaros xelmZRvanels, <strong>erTi</strong> mxriv, kargad moaxdinos<br />
Sromis procesis organizeba, raTa <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebi didi surviliT,<br />
mondomebiTa <strong>da</strong> efeqtianad muSaobdnen, xolo meore mxriv – Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
25
aicilos motivebis konfliqti, roca sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva motivi a<strong>da</strong>mianisagan<br />
gansxvavebul qcevas, moqmedebasa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis miRebas moiTxovs.<br />
MmagaliTad, momuSaves SeiZleba didi survili hqondes xelmZRvanelis yvela<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba <strong>da</strong> miTiTeba ukomentarod Seasrulos, magram misma zogierTma<br />
kolegam SeiZleba aseTi mondomeba ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebulad, mliqvnelobad CaTvalos<br />
<strong>da</strong> maTTan urTierToba gaufuWdes, anu adgili aqvs interesTa konfliqts.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis qcevaze moqmed motivebs Soris erTgvari urTierTkavSiri<br />
arsebobs. Aam motivebs Soris SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>myardes kompensaciuri<br />
urTierTobebi; Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT susti motivi SeiZleba kompensirebuli an<br />
gawonasworebuli iqnes sxva motivebiT; amis sakmaod gavrcelebuli<br />
magaliTia, roca arcTu saintereso samuSao mimzidveli xdeba maRali<br />
xelfasis gamo <strong>da</strong> piriqiT: Sromis arcTu maRali anazRaureba SeiZleba<br />
kompensirebul iqnes imiT, rom samuSao sainteresoa, <strong>da</strong>moukideblobasa <strong>da</strong><br />
SemoqmedebiT midgomas moiTxovs. kompensaciuri urTierTobebis bevri<br />
magaliTia saqarTvelos sajaro samsaxurSi, kerZod, profesionali <strong>da</strong><br />
patiosani moxeleebis SemTxvevaSi, roca saarsebo minimumze <strong>da</strong>bali<br />
anazRaureba <strong>da</strong> socialuri <strong>da</strong>ucveloba met-naklebad kompensirdeba<br />
profesiuli Rirsebis grZnobis, patriotizmisa <strong>da</strong> qveynisaTvis samsaxuris<br />
prioritetulobis <strong>da</strong> sxva pozitiuri motivebiT.<br />
motivebis ierarqiuli organizeba<br />
SromiTi motivirebis ierarqiuli organizebisas SromiT motivebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
SromiT qcevas Soris iseTi urTierTobebi igulisxmeba, roca SromiT<br />
qcevaze aSkara gavlenas axdens iseTi motivebi, romelTa safuZvelic<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianisaTvis mniSvnelovani moTxovnilebebia; Sesabamisad, maT ufro<br />
maRali adgili ukaviaT SromiTi motivirebis ierarqiaSi; rasakvirvelia,<br />
individebis mixedviT ama Tu im motivis adgili ierarqiaSi <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad,<br />
maTi gavlena SromiT qcevaze SeiZleba icvlebodes; ase magaliTad, <strong>erTi</strong><br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianisaTvis samuSaos mimarT mis <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas SeiZleba materialuri<br />
motivebi gansazRvravdes, meorisTvis – Zalauflebisadmi ltolva,<br />
mesamisTvis – kargi kolegebi <strong>da</strong> socialuri garemo <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
ama Tu im motivis mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong> misi adgili ierarqiaSi SeiZleba<br />
situaciis mixedviTac icvlebodes. magaliTad, iSviaTi rodia SemTxvevebi,<br />
roca axal <strong>organizacia</strong>Si samuSaos <strong>da</strong>wyebisas wina planze wamoiwevs iseTi<br />
motivebi, romlebic axal garemoSi orientirebas, a<strong>da</strong>ptirebas, kolegebTan<br />
piradi kontaqtebis <strong>da</strong>myarebas ukavSirdeba; magram Semdgom, roca momuSave<br />
mTlianad a<strong>da</strong>ptirdeba <strong>organizacia</strong>Si, Tavis qve<strong>da</strong>nayofsa <strong>da</strong> samuSao<br />
adgilze, LSeiZleba gaizardos iseTi motivebis mniSvneloba, romlebic<br />
Tanamdebobriv <strong>da</strong> profesiul winsvlas ukavSirdeba.<br />
samarTlianobis principi<br />
SromiTi motivireba samuSao situaciis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva aspeqtTan a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
urTierTobebs mikerZoebuls xdis; es garkveulwilad gamoixateba<br />
momuSaveebsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>organizacia</strong>s Soris urTierTobaTa samarTlianobis<br />
26
SefasebaSi. Aa<strong>da</strong>mianebi miiswrafvian <strong>organizacia</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan<br />
samarTlian urTierTobaTa <strong>da</strong>myarebisken <strong>da</strong> cdiloben Secvalon is SromiTi<br />
urTierTobebi, romelTac isini arasamarTlianad miiCneven; a<strong>da</strong>mianebs surT,<br />
rom maTsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>organizacia</strong>s Soris samarTliani urTierTobebi <strong>da</strong>myardes; am<br />
wonasworobis nebismieri <strong>da</strong>rRveva, rogorc <strong>erTi</strong>, ise meore mx<strong>aris</strong><br />
sasargeblod, warmoSobs <strong>da</strong>Zabulobasa <strong>da</strong> Sesabamis moqmedebebs.<br />
aq aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom samarTlianobis gageba subieqturia. es<br />
<strong>aris</strong> momuSavis azri, SegrZneba Tu warmodgena imasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, Tu<br />
ramdenad samarTlianad afaseben mis SromiT wvlils. is, rac momuSavem<br />
Tavisi SromiTi wvlilis arasamarTlian Sefasebad SeiZleba CaTvalos, misma<br />
xelmZRvanelma SeiZleba savsebiT samarTlianad miiCnios; magaliTad,<br />
momuSave SeiZleba ukmayofilo iyos <strong>da</strong> usamarTlobad miiCnevdes Tavisi<br />
Sromis anazRaurebis (xelfasis) raodenobas, maSin, roca misi xelmZRvaneli<br />
SeiZleba piriqiT fiqrobdes, rom momuSave am donis anazRaurebasac ar<br />
imsaxurebs.<br />
iswrafvis ra <strong>organizacia</strong>sTan samarTliani urTierTobebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>samyareblad, momuSavem SeiZleba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis Se<strong>da</strong>rebebi gaakeTos,<br />
kerZod:<br />
• sakuTar Tavs a<strong>da</strong>rebs organizaciis sxva momuSaveebs;<br />
• sakuTar Tavs a<strong>da</strong>rebs sxva organizaciis momuSaveebs;<br />
• axdens sistemur-struqturul Se<strong>da</strong>rebebs; ase magaliTad, Tu<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong> acxadebs, rom is axorcielebs xelfasze <strong>da</strong>namatebs<br />
welTa namsaxurobisaTvis, magram mxedvelobaSi ar iRebs saarsebo<br />
minimumisa <strong>da</strong> inflaciis zr<strong>da</strong>s, maSin arsebuli <strong>da</strong> mosalodneli<br />
xelfasis doneebs Soris gansxvavebam momuSaveSi ukmayofilebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
usamarTlobis grZnoba SeiZleba gamoiwvios;<br />
• aanalizebs <strong>organizacia</strong>Si <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebul praqtikas; magaliTad, Tu<br />
Tanamdebobrivi <strong>da</strong>winaurebisas <strong>organizacia</strong>Si xelfass, rogorc wesi,<br />
uzrdian xolme, maSin analogiur SemTxvevaSi Tu momuSaves xelfasi<br />
gauzardes, samarTlianobad aRiqvams, xolo Tu ara –samarTlianobis<br />
principis <strong>da</strong>rRvevad;<br />
• iTvaliswinebs sakuTar gamocdilebas; magaliTad, Tu momuSave,<br />
tradiciulad, xelfasze sakmaod mniSvnelovan <strong>da</strong>namatebs iReb<strong>da</strong>,<br />
bunebrivia, is elodeba ase iqneba momavalSic;<br />
• aanalizebs <strong>da</strong> afasebs, Tu ras warmoadgens igi, ra mniSvneloba aqvs<br />
mas organizaciisaTvis, Tavisi codna-gamocdilebiT ra konkretuli<br />
wvlili Seaqvs mis saqmianobaSi.<br />
bunebrivia, samarTlianobis principis <strong>da</strong>cva bevrad ioldeba, roca<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si gamoiyeneba momuSaveTa <strong>da</strong> maT mier samuSaos Sesrulebis<br />
Sefasebis obieqturi meTodebi <strong>da</strong> mTeli es procesebi gamWvirvaled<br />
xorciledeba.<br />
mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris principi<br />
ama Tu im situaciiT an movleniT gamowveul a<strong>da</strong>mianis qcevas Tu<br />
moqmedebas, rogorc wesi, Tavisi Sedegebi mohyveba xolme. Tu es Sedegebi<br />
misTvis pozitiuria, msgavs situaciebSi a<strong>da</strong>miani cdilobs analogiurad<br />
moiqces; xolo Tu Sedegebi negatiuria, arasasurvelia, maSin a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
27
cdilobs, rom sxvagvarad moiqces <strong>da</strong> Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aicilos uaryofiTi Sedegebi;<br />
magaliTad, momuSave cdilobs droulad <strong>da</strong> x<strong>aris</strong>xianad Seasrulos uSualo<br />
xelmZRvanelis <strong>da</strong>valebebi, radgan winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi isjeba xolme –<br />
Rebulobs sayvedurs, ar aZleven premias <strong>da</strong> a.S. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera<br />
SeiZleba iyos pozitiuri an negatiuri.<br />
pozitiuri mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera <strong>aris</strong> stimuli, romelic zrdis sasurveli<br />
qcevis albaTobas; magaliTad, skolaSi maRali SefasebebisaTvis mowafe<br />
iRebs pozitiur mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras mSoblebisagan sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formiT (Seqeba,<br />
mofereba, sasurveli nivTis yidva <strong>da</strong> sxv.); SromiTi urTierTobebis dros<br />
momuSavisaTvis mniSvnelovani pozitiuri mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera SeiZleba gamoyenebul<br />
iqnes miRwevebis uzrunvelsayofad <strong>da</strong> saqmianobis efeqturobis<br />
gasazrdelad. Aaqve un<strong>da</strong> gaviTvaliswinoT, rom is mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera, romelic<br />
<strong>erTi</strong> momuSavisTvis mniSvnelovani faseulobaa, meorisTvis SeiZleba<br />
arafers warmoadgendes; ase magaliTad, momuSaveTa <strong>erTi</strong> nawilisaTvis<br />
SeiZleba mTavari iyos samuSaos mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong> prestiJi, xolo meore<br />
nawilisTvis xelfasi iyos ganmsazRvreli.<br />
negatiurma mxar<strong>da</strong>Weram SeiZleba ara mxolod <strong>da</strong>amuxruWos a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
arasasurveli moqmedebebi <strong>da</strong> qcevebi, aramed stimuli misces warmatebis<br />
misaRwev moqmedebebs.<br />
aRniSnuli<strong>da</strong>n cxadia, rom didi mniSvneloba aqvs xelmZRvanelis mier<br />
mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris swori strategiis arCevas, raTa miaRwios <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa<br />
motivirebis maRal donesa <strong>da</strong> maTi Sromis Sesabamis Sedegebs. samwuxarod,<br />
bevri xelmZRvaneli <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa motivirebis problemas martivad <strong>da</strong><br />
primitiulad uyurebs, kerZod, fiqroben amgvarad: “mieci maRali xelfasi <strong>da</strong><br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani kargad imuSavebs”; aseTi zerele midgomisas, roca xelmZRvanelma<br />
saTanadod ar icis, Tu rogor imoqmedos motivirebaze <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad –<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebze, is SeiZleba bevr sirTules waawydes, kerZod:<br />
• momuSavis motivireba <strong>da</strong> aqtivoba SeiZleba Semcirdes, Tu misi<br />
Sedegebi saTanadod ar <strong>da</strong>fasdeba;<br />
• momuSaves SeiZleba hqondes <strong>da</strong>bali motivireba, Tu mas ukve aqvs am<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si misi TanamdebobisaTvis maqsimaluri anazRaureba <strong>da</strong><br />
misi Sromis nayofierebisa <strong>da</strong> x<strong>aris</strong>xis Semdgomi amaRleba aRar<br />
aisaxeba xelfasis gazr<strong>da</strong>ze;<br />
• A<strong>aris</strong> SemTxvevebi, roca momuSave Tavisi SromiTi wvlilis Sesabamis<br />
anazRaurebas iRebs, magram es mis motivirebaze gavlenas ar axdens,<br />
es naklebad izi<strong>da</strong>vs, radgan mas aTjer <strong>da</strong> asjer ufro meti sxva<br />
Semosavali aqvs;<br />
• Tu, momuSavis azriT, misi waxaliseba araa sakm<strong>aris</strong>i, aseTi<br />
waxaliseba ver SeZlebs momuSavis efeqtiani qcevis stimulirebas;<br />
• Tu momuSaveebi waxalisebas ar miiCneven samarTlianad, maSin<br />
samuSaoTi maTi kmayofileba mcirdeba. ramac SeiZleba SromiTi<br />
maCveneblebis gauaresebac gamoiwvios;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa waxalisebisas xelmZRvanelebi yovelTvis ar<br />
iReben mxedvelobaSi maT individualur Taviseburebebs, magaliTad,<br />
asaks, mis mier <strong>organizacia</strong>Si miRweul statuss, pirovnul Tvisebebs,<br />
Sromis mTavar, prioritetul motivebs <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
28
a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan urTierTobis xelovneba<br />
personalis marTva warmoudgenelia a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan urTierTobis gareSe;<br />
yoveli <strong>organizacia</strong>, upirvelesad, esaa formaluri <strong>da</strong> araformaluri<br />
urTierTobebi marTvis ierarqiuli safexurebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva donis<br />
menejerebs, xelmZRvanelebsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebs, erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave, agreTve,<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva struqturul qve<strong>da</strong>nayofSi momuSaveTa Soris. Sromis procesSi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris urTierTobebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT albaT xSirad yvelas<br />
gaugonia: “im kacTan ver Sexval, Tu Sexval, ar mogismens”, sxvaze ityvian:<br />
“kargad migiRebs, magram saqmes ver gaakeTeb, arafers ar <strong>da</strong>giTmobso”, an<br />
“Zalian ganaTlebuli <strong>da</strong> kulturuli kacia <strong>da</strong> rac SeiZleba<br />
argumentirebulad un<strong>da</strong> elaparako”, “yovelTvis yuradRebiT gismens <strong>da</strong> Tu<br />
<strong>da</strong>arwmune, aucileblad <strong>da</strong>geTanxmeba”, “ver gaigeb, ra ainteresebs, ras<br />
aqcevs yuradRebas” <strong>da</strong> a. S. yvelaferi es a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris urTierTobebis<br />
sferoa <strong>da</strong> masze mniSvnelovna<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli konkretuli miznebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>amocanebis</strong> Sesruleba, <strong>organizacia</strong>Si socialur-fsiqologiuri klimati,<br />
TviT organizaciis imiji <strong>da</strong> misi saqmianobis efeqtianoba.<br />
marTvis procesSi kontaqtebis organizaciuli formebi<br />
marTvis procesSi kontaqtebis organizaciuli formebi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
upirvelesad, un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos: krebebi, TaTbirebi, saqmiani Sexvedrebi,<br />
satelefono saubrebi, <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa samuSao adgilebis Semovla;<br />
moaqalaqeTa (kolegebis, <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa, momsvlelTa) miReba.<br />
krebebisa <strong>da</strong> TaTbirebis Catareba<br />
mizani <strong>da</strong> amocanebi.<br />
saxelmwifo, gansakuTrebiT maRali rangis moxeleTa <strong>da</strong>, saerTod,<br />
nebismieri organizaciis xelmZRvanelTa (Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT naklebad _<br />
TanamSromelTa) samuSao drois mniSvnelovani nawili eTmoba TaTbirebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
Sexvedrebs. xelmZRvanelma yoveldRe un<strong>da</strong> moamzados, organizeba gaukeTos<br />
an <strong>da</strong>eswros sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva TaTbirs. es SeiZleba iyos Sexvedrebi misi<br />
qve<strong>da</strong>nayofis personalTan, imave organizaciis sxva sferos<br />
TanamSromlebTan, xelisuflebis sami Stos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva uwyebis moxeleebTan,<br />
calkeul pirebTan an jgufebTan, romlebic kerZo seqtors, samoqalaqo<br />
sazogadoebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>organizacia</strong>s warmoadgenen <strong>da</strong> a. S. am TaTbirebs<br />
praqtikulad sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mizani aqvT xolme; es SeiZleba iyos informaciis<br />
miiReba, ga<strong>da</strong>cema an gacvla, Sesrulebuli samuSaos Sefaseba, saqmianobis<br />
xelaxali <strong>da</strong>gegmva, axali miznebis <strong>da</strong>saxva, sakiTxebis SeTanxmeba <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
es mravlaricxovani Sexvedrebi saboloo miznad isaxavs saerTo<br />
interesebis mqone jgufis wevrebis gansazRvruli qmedebebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
mosazrebebis Secvlas an SeTanxmebas, vinai<strong>da</strong>n saerTo interesebis gareSe<br />
Sexvedras azri ar eqnebo<strong>da</strong>. ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gvaviwydes, rom TaTbirze arian<br />
momwvevi <strong>da</strong> mowveuli pirebi. TiToeul maTgans SeiZleba hqondes sakuTari<br />
sawyisi amocanebi, romlebic mTlianad an nawilobriv SesabamisobaSia<br />
TaTbiris mowvevis saerTo amocanebTan. Aam miznebis <strong>misaRwevad</strong>, <strong>da</strong>mswreni<br />
29
Sexvedrebis ganmavlobaSi inaxaven an erTmaneTs uziareben informacias,<br />
msjeloben an ar msjeloben sxvaTa mier miwodebul informaciaze;<br />
Sexvedris monawileTa Soris gansxvavebuli tipis urTierTobebi myardeba.<br />
Sexvedris bolos zogjer obieqturi Sefaseba eZleva gansxvavebul azrebs,<br />
xolo zogjer formdeba SeTanxmebebi.<br />
yovel TaTbirze arsebobs mravali saSualeba, romelic exmareba<br />
momwvevs amocanis ganxorcielebaSi; maT Soris erT-<strong>erTi</strong> ZiriTadia<br />
gacemuli <strong>da</strong> miRebuli informacia. Mmis raodenobaze, x<strong>aris</strong>xze, Sinaarsze,<br />
kavSirze, formasa <strong>da</strong> konteqstze mniSvnelovna<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli Sexvedris<br />
sawyisi miznis miRweva.<br />
laparakia ara mxolod gacemuli <strong>da</strong> miRebuli informaciis Sinaarsze,<br />
aramed situaciasa <strong>da</strong> urTierTqmedebebze, romlebic am informacii<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamomdinareobs. Zalze mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor viTardeba <strong>da</strong>mswreTa<br />
Soris es urTierTqmedebebi, raTa <strong>da</strong>dgenil droSi Sesruldes is sawyisi<br />
amocanebi, romlebmac ganapiroba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva pirovnebis yofna garkveul<br />
drosa <strong>da</strong> garkveul adgilas.<br />
Aaucilebelia gvaxsovdes, rom Sexvedra erToblivi aqtia; imTaviTve<br />
arsebobs piri, visac aqvs specifikuri mizani (sakuTari an uwyebrivi) <strong>da</strong> misi<br />
SesrulebisaTvis sWirdeba sxvebi, anu gareSe pirTa monawileoba nebismieri<br />
formiT. TaTbiris momwvevs aqvs sakuTari mosazrebebi miznebis, Temis an<br />
detalebis <strong>da</strong>sadgenad. mas ufleba aqvs SearCios monawileebi <strong>da</strong> sii<strong>da</strong>n<br />
amoiRos zogi<strong>erTi</strong> maTgani, miiwvios isini gansazRvrul adgilas,<br />
gansazRvrul dros <strong>da</strong> gansazRvruli vadiT. mas SeuZlia winaswar gaacnos<br />
an ar gaacnos monawileebs Sexvedris realuri miznebis detalebi an is,<br />
rasac momwvevi elis sxvebis <strong>da</strong>swrebis Sedegad. Mmiwveulebi eswrebian<br />
Sexvedras, maT gacnobierebuli aqvT, rom monawileobas miiReben an<br />
ubralod <strong>da</strong>eswrebian urTierTqmedebis am process, radgan Sexvedris<br />
aucileblobas swored es urTierTqmedeba gansazRvravs.<br />
saWiroa, rom Sexvedraze <strong>da</strong>saswrebad SerCeuli pirebi iziarebdnen <strong>da</strong><br />
eTanxmebodnen Sexvedris adgils, dros <strong>da</strong> Sexvedris xasiaTs, miT umetes,<br />
roca mowveulebi TaTbiris momwvevis uSualo <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebaSi ar arian. es<br />
sami maxasiaTebeli sami <strong>da</strong>matebiTi elementia, romelze<strong>da</strong>c mniSvnelovna<strong>da</strong>a<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokideebuli TaTbiris momwvevisa <strong>da</strong> monawileebis miznebis miRwevis<br />
SesaZlebloba.<br />
rogorc vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, Sexvedrebs SeiZleba hqondes gansxvavebuli amocanebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva donis sirTuleebi miznis miRwevisas. swored amitom<br />
aucilebelia Sexvedrebis <strong>da</strong>gegmva <strong>da</strong> marTva, raTa ukeT iqnes miRweuli<br />
organizaciis, koleqtiuri Tu pirovnuli miznebi, xolo TaTbirebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
Sexvedrebze, rac SeiZleba, naklebi dro <strong>da</strong>ixarjos.<br />
TaTbirebisa <strong>da</strong> Sexvedrebis organizebis zogadi principebi<br />
koleqtiuri Sroma <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan TanamSromloba xelmZRvanelTa<br />
yoveldRiuri saqmianobis erT-<strong>erTi</strong> umTavresi <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli niSania.<br />
marTvis sakiTxebis koleqtiurad ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad iqmneba saTaTbiro<br />
organoebi: samTavrobo komisiebi, kolegia, xelmZRvanelTa TaTbiri,<br />
teqnikur-ekonomikuri sabWoebi, komisiebi, specialistTa <strong>da</strong> eqspertTa<br />
samuSao jgufebi <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
30
TaTbirebi marTvis erT-<strong>erTi</strong> efeqtiani <strong>da</strong> yvelaze gavrcelebuli<br />
organizaciuli meTodia. isini saSualebas gvaZlevs srulyofilad <strong>da</strong><br />
umokles droSi movaxdinoT <strong>da</strong>interesebul muSakTa didi jgufis<br />
erTdrouli informireba, gavecnoT maT azrsa <strong>da</strong> wina<strong>da</strong>debebs, gavanawiloT<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba, vimsjeloT umniSvnelovanes problemebze <strong>da</strong>, rac mTavaria,<br />
miviRoT urTierTSeTanxmebuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba, movaxdinoT <strong>da</strong>valebebis<br />
koordinireba <strong>da</strong> TanamSromlobis organizeba.<br />
TaTbirebi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi un<strong>da</strong> Catardes, roca isini marTlac<br />
aucilebelia sakiTxebis koleqtiurad ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad <strong>da</strong> roca vgrZnobT, rom<br />
uSualo urTierToba arsebiTad Seamsubuqebs, <strong>da</strong>aCqarebs, gaaiafebs<br />
samuSaos, aamaRlebs miRebul ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebaTa x<strong>aris</strong>xs <strong>da</strong> TaTbirs<br />
SeuZlia umniSvnelovanes sakiTxebze <strong>erTi</strong>an azramde migviyvanos.<br />
drois <strong>da</strong>naxarjebis struqturis analizi mowmobs, rom maRali rangis<br />
xelmZRvanelTa samuSao drois didi nawili, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT naxevari, krebebze,<br />
TaTbirebze, momsvlelTa miRebasa <strong>da</strong> saubarze ixarjeba. Aamdenad, Zalze<br />
mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor tardeba es TaTbirebi <strong>da</strong> Sexvedrebi <strong>da</strong> ra<br />
Sedegebs vaRwevT.<br />
TaTbirebisa <strong>da</strong> Sexvedrebis Catarebisas aucilebelia <strong>da</strong>culi iqnes<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva moTxovna, kerZod:<br />
• saTaTbiro organos un<strong>da</strong> hqondes Tavisi samuSao gegma ,<br />
regularulad, sasurvelia erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave dros ikribebodes, xolo<br />
misi Semadgenloba met-naklebad stabiluri un<strong>da</strong> iyos;<br />
• Gganxilvis Sedegebze sagrZnob gavlenas axdens ara mxolod TaTbiris<br />
monawileTa kompetencia, aramed maTi raodenobac. praqtika<br />
a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, rom roca TaTbirSi 20 kacze meti monawileobs,<br />
sakiTxebis ganxilva rTuldeba;<br />
• Gganxilvis saboloo Sedegze arsebiT gavlenas axdens isic, Tu<br />
rogoraa TaTbiri momzadebuli. misi monawileebi gansaxilvel<br />
masalebs <strong>da</strong>axloebiT <strong>erTi</strong> kviriT adre un<strong>da</strong> iRebdnen, raTa<br />
saTanadod moemzadon; vinc kargad moemzadeba, is arwmunebs sxvebs<br />
Tavisi argumentebiT <strong>da</strong> Tavisas Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT advilad aRwevs. zogadi<br />
frazebiT, <strong>erTi</strong> <strong>da</strong> imaves gameorebiTa Tu gauTavebeli TxovniT<br />
veravis <strong>da</strong>varwmunebT, Zala aqvs mxolod mtkice argumentebs, cifrebs,<br />
magaliTebs, analizs, ekonomikur gaangariSebas, teqnikur monacemebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> a. S.;<br />
• TaTbirisaTvis momzadebuli masalebi ga<strong>da</strong>tvirTuli ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
specifikuri terminebiT <strong>da</strong> frazebiT, gasagebad un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong>werili,<br />
raTa saqmis arsSi isinic droulad <strong>da</strong> kargad gaerkvnen, romlebic<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT naklebad icnoben maT. amasTan, es masalebi un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
obieqturi, hqondes zusti “misamarTi”, Seicavdes Sesa<strong>da</strong>rebel<br />
monacemebs (sxva analogiur organizaciebis monacemebs qveynis SigniT<br />
<strong>da</strong> gareT, wina wlebis dinamikas), ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos didi moculobis;<br />
• Ddidi mniSvneloba aqvs TaTbiris organizebasa <strong>da</strong> gaZRolas. TaTbiris<br />
xelmZRvanelma TaTbiris momzadebaze ufro meti dro un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xarjos,<br />
vidre TviT TaTbirze. sakiTxebi winaswar safuZvlianad un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
momzadebuli, <strong>da</strong>interesebul mxareebTan SeTanxmebuli, Tavi un<strong>da</strong><br />
avaridoT improvizebas TaTbiris msvlelobisas. TaTbiris<br />
xelmZRvanelma un<strong>da</strong> SeZlos sakiTxTa ganxilvis swori taqtikisa <strong>da</strong><br />
31
teqnologiis arCeva, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva azris mqoneTa Soris wamoWrili<br />
konfliqtebis ga<strong>da</strong>Wra <strong>da</strong> a. S.;<br />
• TaTbiris xelmZRvanelma ganxilul sakiTxTa yoveli punqtis mixedviT,<br />
romlebic samuSao <strong>da</strong>valebas exeba, un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvros pasuxismgebeli<br />
piri <strong>da</strong> Sesrulebis va<strong>da</strong>;<br />
• did TaTbirebze, krebebze, konferenciebze sagangebod momzadebul<br />
rezolucias, <strong>da</strong>dgenilebas an ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas iReben. Cveulebrivi<br />
TaTbiris Semdeg, roca es saWiroa, oqms adgenen, sa<strong>da</strong>c aRniSnulia<br />
TaTbiris Catarebis dro, adgili, monawileTa Semadgenloba, dRis<br />
wesrigi, calkeul sakiTxebze miRebuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebi, ama Tu im<br />
piris gansakuTrebuli azri, roca is ar eTanxmeba miRebul<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas. Ooqmi un<strong>da</strong> iyos lakoniuri, zusti, naTeli. is un<strong>da</strong><br />
gaegzavnos TaTbiris monawileebs <strong>da</strong> yvela sxva <strong>da</strong>interesebul pirs.<br />
• xelmZRvanelisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs mis mier pira<strong>da</strong>d<br />
mopovebul informacias. aseTi uSualo informaciis wyaroebs<br />
miekuTvneba momsvlelTa miReba, saubari TanamSromlebTan, samuSao<br />
adgilebis Semovla, samsaxurebrivi mivlinebebi.<br />
momsvlelTa miRebaze bevri xelmZRvaneli samuSao biujetis 15-20<br />
procents <strong>da</strong> metsac xarjavs, amitom miRebis saqme kargad un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
organizebuli; kerZod, umjobesia, gamoiyos miRebis dReebi <strong>da</strong> saaTebi,<br />
momsvlelebs winaswarve un<strong>da</strong> vacnoboT, Tu vin <strong>da</strong> rodis miiRebs maT,<br />
Zalze xSirad TiTqmis yvelas pirvel xelmZRvanelTan misvla surs, maSin<br />
roca bevri sakiTxi uSualod misma <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebma un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyviton;<br />
am mxriv didi mniSvneloba aqvs xelmZRvanelis kompetenciasa <strong>da</strong><br />
organizebulobas. magaliTad, CexoslovakaiaSi Catarebuli erT-<strong>erTi</strong><br />
gamokvlevis mixedviT kargad momzadebulma mdivnebma miRebaze mosulTa 23<br />
procents TviTonve miawodes maTTvis saWiro informacia, sxva muSakebTan<br />
gaagzavnes aseve 23 procenti, xolo uSualod xelmZRvanelma mosulTa<br />
mxolod 54 procenti miiRo.<br />
xelmZRvanelebma didi yuradReba un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>uTmon TanamSromlebTan<br />
uSualo, pirad kontaqts; isini periodulad un<strong>da</strong> xvdebodnen maT, midiodnen<br />
ganyofilebeSi, samuSao adgilze, pira<strong>da</strong>d un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rwmundnen, Tu rogor<br />
sruldeba <strong>da</strong>valebebi, ganixilon rogorc momuSaveTa wina<strong>da</strong>debebi SromiT<br />
saqmianobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, ise gancxadebebi, saCivrebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
operaciuli amocanebi <strong>da</strong> TaTbirebis tipologia<br />
saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebSi Casatarebeli sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis<br />
TaTbirebis organizebisa <strong>da</strong> marTvis procesebis gasaadvileblad saWiroa<br />
arsebobdes maTi klasifikaciis kriteriumebi.<br />
rekomendebulia ori tipologiis gamoyeneba:<br />
• operaciul (funqciur) amocanebze <strong>da</strong>myarebuli tipologia;<br />
• monawileTa tipze <strong>da</strong>myarebuli tipologia.<br />
operaciul amocanebze <strong>da</strong>myarebuli saorientacio tipologia ase<br />
SeiZleba warmovidginoT:<br />
yvela TaTbirs, Temis, monawileebis, droisa <strong>da</strong> adgilis gar<strong>da</strong>, aqvs<br />
operaciuli tipis specifikuri mizani. qvemoT mocemulia operaciuli<br />
32
miznebis tipologia, romlebic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes TaTbirebis<br />
miznebis <strong>da</strong>sadgenad:<br />
• gareSe pirTa informireba;<br />
• gareSe pirTagan informaciis miReba;<br />
• <strong>erTi</strong> <strong>da</strong> imave sakiTxze an Temaze arsebuli informaciis Se<strong>da</strong>reba;<br />
• Tvalsazrisis an/<strong>da</strong> pirovnuli poziciis garkveva;<br />
• Ppoziciebis urTierTgacvla;<br />
• winaswari poziciis Secvla, romelic erT an ramdenime <strong>da</strong>mswres aqvs<br />
TemasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT;<br />
• momavali moqmedebebis gansazRvra;<br />
• Ppoziciebis SeTanxmeba;<br />
• Gga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis erToblivad miReba;<br />
• operaciuli qmedebebis koordinireba.<br />
am tipologiis ganxilviT cxadi xdeba, rom arsebobs miznebis<br />
mravalferovneba. xSirad TaTbirs aqvs <strong>erTi</strong> an meti operaciuli xasiaTis<br />
amocana, romlebic un<strong>da</strong> iyos obieqturad warmodgenili momwvevis mier.<br />
amasTan, aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom Sexvedraze ara mxolod momwvevma un<strong>da</strong><br />
wamoayenos <strong>erTi</strong> an meti operaciuli amocana, aramed mxedvelobaSi un<strong>da</strong><br />
iqnes miRebuli, rom TiToeul <strong>da</strong>mswres SeiZleba hqondes sakuTari miznebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> amocanebi ZiriTadi miznis <strong>misaRwevad</strong>.<br />
treningebis sistemis organizeba <strong>da</strong> marTva<br />
treningebis mizani, amocanebi, maTi adgili <strong>da</strong> roli personalis<br />
marTvis sistemaSi<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad TviT cneba “treiningis” Sesaxeb. saxelmZRvanelos<br />
avtorebi sTxoven mkiTxvels am sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli terminis<br />
xmareba araviTar SemTxvevaSi qarTuli enis upativcemulod ar CaTvalon. aq,<br />
Cveni azriT, mTavari isaa rom es inglisuri sityva Zalze tevadia <strong>da</strong><br />
erTdroulad aRzr<strong>da</strong>s, swavlebas, momzadeba-ga<strong>da</strong>mzadebas, kvalifikaciis<br />
amaRlebasa <strong>da</strong> wvrTnas niSnavs;<br />
xazgasmiT un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad dReisaTvis mimdinare<br />
arnaxuli samecniero <strong>da</strong> teqnologiuri progresisa, ramac met-naklebad<br />
mTeli msoflio moicva <strong>da</strong> globalizaciis erT-erT mniSvnelovan xelSemwob<br />
faqtorad iqca, a<strong>da</strong>miani iyo, <strong>aris</strong> <strong>da</strong> yovelTvis iqneba am progresis<br />
wamomwyebi, ganmaxorcielebeli <strong>da</strong> ganmaviTarebeli mTavari <strong>da</strong> Seucvleli<br />
faqtori; metic, Tanamderove teqnologiur, sawarmoo, politikur,<br />
socialur, menejerul <strong>da</strong> sxva nebismier procesebSi a<strong>da</strong>mianis faqtoris, mis<br />
moqmedebaTa saimedoobis roli ganuzomlad gaizar<strong>da</strong>. mxolod <strong>erTi</strong><br />
martivi magaliTi: xeliT Sromis dros, magaliTad, roca a<strong>da</strong>miani CaquCiT<br />
aWedebs lursmans, a<strong>da</strong>mianis Secdomis Sedegi yvelaze meti moRunuli<br />
lursmani an gaWeWyil-Calurjebuli TiTi SeiZleba iyos; warmoidgineT (<strong>da</strong><br />
amis ara<strong>erTi</strong> samwuxaro faqtia cnobili), ra SeiZleba gamoiwvios a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
Secdomam, roca is atomur reaqtors, xalxiT savse TviTmfrinavs an gems,<br />
kosmosur xomalds, <strong>da</strong>mRupveli radiaciisa Tu virusebis gavrcelebis<br />
SemzRudvel procesebs marTavs <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
33
moxeleTa treningis sistema sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva konceptualur midgomasa <strong>da</strong><br />
princips un<strong>da</strong> efuZnebodes; maTgan xazi un<strong>da</strong> gaesvas Semdegs:<br />
• moxeleTa treningis sistemis yovelma rgolma <strong>da</strong> am sistemaSi<br />
momuSave yovelma pirma samoqmedo kredod un<strong>da</strong> gaixados sistemis<br />
upirvelesi miznis miRweva _ maRali profesiuli donis, pirovnuli <strong>da</strong><br />
saqmiani Tvisebebis, Tanamedrove mentalitetisa <strong>da</strong> qcevis wesebis mqone<br />
patiosani moxeleebis aRzr<strong>da</strong>;<br />
• moxeleTa treningis sistemis yvela rgoli <strong>erTi</strong>ani sistemis organul<br />
nawils un<strong>da</strong> warmoadgendes; sistemis <strong>erTi</strong>anobas un<strong>da</strong> mivaRwioT<br />
miznebis, strategiis, moxeleTa treningis meTodologiisa <strong>da</strong> mTeli am<br />
procesis marTvis <strong>erTi</strong>anobiT <strong>da</strong>, rasakvirvelia, Sesabamis funqciaTa<br />
gamxorcieleblis oficializebiTa <strong>da</strong> institucionalizebiT;<br />
• moxeleTa treningis mTeli sistemis <strong>da</strong> misi calkeuli rgolis<br />
funqcionireba un<strong>da</strong> xdebodes programuli <strong>da</strong>gegmvisa <strong>da</strong> marTvis<br />
modeliT;<br />
• mTeli es sistema un<strong>da</strong> funqcionirebdes sajarod <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
gamWvirvale;<br />
• naTlad un<strong>da</strong> iyos gamokveTili sistemis Semadgeneli yoveli rgolis<br />
funqciebi, miznebi <strong>da</strong> konkretuli amocanebi; ufleba-movaleobebi,<br />
pasuxismgeblobebi;<br />
• un<strong>da</strong> moxdes saerTod moxeleTa treningis, maT Soris zogadi (saerTo)<br />
<strong>da</strong> specialuri treningebis formebis, ZiriTadi sferoebisa <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />
ganmaxorcielebeli ZiriTadi saswavlo <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebis<br />
identificireba;<br />
• mizanSewonilia operatiulad Casatarebeli specialuri treningebis<br />
organizebisas (risi saWiroebac TviT sajaro <strong>da</strong>wesebulebaTa<br />
specifiki<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare sakmaod xSiria <strong>da</strong> permanentulad<br />
warmoiqmneba) ZiriTadi aqcenti TviT am <strong>da</strong>wesebulebaTa<br />
Si<strong>da</strong>inteleqtualur potencialze gakeTdes;<br />
• moxeleTa treningi ar SeiZleba akeTebdes kampaniur xasiaTs; yoveli<br />
konkretuli moxelis SemTxvevaSi treningis aucilebloba<br />
<strong>da</strong>sabuTebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos, radgan muSaobis arasaTanado Sedegebi<br />
yovelTvis <strong>da</strong>bali kvalifikaciis brali rodia;<br />
• moxeleTa treningis, rogorc mTeli sistemis, ise misi calkeuli<br />
rgolis muSaobis efeqtianoba konkretuli kriteriumebis mixedviT<br />
un<strong>da</strong> Sefasdes; aq didia saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebis <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />
qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebis roli, romlebmac un<strong>da</strong> Seafason, Tu konkretulad ra<br />
misca treningma maT nebismier moxeles <strong>da</strong> konkretulad rogor<br />
gamoixata es maTi Sromis SedegebSi;<br />
• moxeleTa treningis meTodologiuri srulyofisa <strong>da</strong> materialurteqnikuri<br />
uzrunvelyofisaTvis mniSvnelovania organizaciebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTis qveynebis teqnikuri <strong>da</strong>xmareba; amasTan, aucilebelia<br />
teqnikuri <strong>da</strong>xmareba am sferoSi saerTo strategiasa <strong>da</strong> midgomebs<br />
Seesabamebodes <strong>da</strong> aucileblad moxdes am samuSaoTa koordinireba, miT<br />
umetes, roca saqme sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciis proeqts<br />
exeba;<br />
34
• aucilebeli <strong>da</strong> Zalze mniSvnelovania treningiTa <strong>da</strong> misi konkretuli<br />
SedegebiT moxeleTa saTanado motivirebis mofiqrebuli sistemis<br />
Seqmnac;<br />
• aucilebelia yoveli <strong>da</strong>wesebulebis biujetSi saTanadod aisaxos<br />
treningebis organizebisa <strong>da</strong> Catarebis xarjebi.<br />
treningis saWiroebaTa gansazRvris meToduri midgomebi<br />
aqsiomaa, rom yoveli organizaciis mier Tavisi miznebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>amocanebis</strong> ganxorcielebaSi, a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis ganviTarebasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebul sxva faqotrebTan erTad, ga<strong>da</strong>mwyvet rols am miznebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>amocanebis</strong> Semsrulebeli a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, maTi kvlaifikacia, profesionalizmi,<br />
gamocdileba TamaSobs. imis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, rom <strong>da</strong>savleTSi (<strong>da</strong> ara marto<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTis qveynebSi) a<strong>da</strong>mianis faqtors Zalze did yuradRebas aqceven,<br />
iqaur literaturaSi mainc SexvdebiT aseT azrs: “bevri menejeri ki ambobs,<br />
rom a<strong>da</strong>mianebi maTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani resursia, magram es sfero mainc<br />
ufro naklebad aqvT xolme ganviTarebuli, vidre, magaliTad, finansebis,<br />
warmoebis, materialuri resursebis menejmenti”. qarTul sinamdvileSi, am<br />
mxriv, jer mxolod pirveli nabijebi idgmeba, isic ekonomikis ganviTarebis,<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianTa <strong>da</strong>saqmebis, motivirebis, anazRaurebis, cxovrebis donis Zalze<br />
cud fonze.<br />
aRniSnulis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, kidev erTxel xazgasmiT un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas Semdegi:<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis Tanamedrove civilizebul moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad<br />
ganviTareba, momuSaveTa, upirvelesad ki saxelmwifo moxeleTa<br />
profesionalizmi, gamocdileba, pasuxismgebloba, motivireba <strong>da</strong>, saerTod,<br />
saxelmwifo samsaxurisa <strong>da</strong> personalis marTvis maRali done saqarTvelos<br />
socialur-ekonomikur <strong>da</strong> politikur ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani progresis<br />
miRwevis erT-<strong>erTi</strong> prioriteti, upirvelesi winapirobaa.<br />
treningebis nebismieri sistemis efeqtiani funqcionirebisaTvis<br />
aucilebeli procedurebi<strong>da</strong>n erT-<strong>erTi</strong> mniSvnelovani treiningis<br />
saWiroebaTa gansazRvraa.<br />
moxeleTa treningis periodul aucileoblobas sakmaod bevri<br />
obieqturi faqtori ganapirobebs, romelTagan aRsaniSnavia:<br />
• konkretul sferoSi (mag. safinanso-sabiujeto, saga<strong>da</strong>saxado, sabaJo,<br />
komunikaciebis, ganaTlebis <strong>da</strong> sxv.) Teoriul-meTodologiuri codnisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> praqtikuli midgomebis perioduli srulyofa-ganviTarebis<br />
aucilebloba;<br />
• Tanamedrove <strong>da</strong>winaureba;<br />
• axali sakanonmdeblo-normatiuli bazis Seqmna, misi srulyofaganviTareba;<br />
• mocemuli Tanamdebobebis Sesabamisi funqciebis gafarToeba,<br />
profesiuli kvalifikaciis axali moTxovnebis Camoyalibeba;<br />
• samuSaoze axalmiRebulTa a<strong>da</strong>ptirebis aucilebloba;<br />
• samuSaos moTxovnebTan moxelis profesiuli kvalifikaciis donis<br />
Seusabamoba (mag., uSualo menejeris, saatestacio komisiis SefasebiT);<br />
• momuSaveTa Sromis efeqtianobis regularuli Sefaseba, maT Soris,<br />
atestirebis gziT, roca irkveva, rom Sromis realuri Sedegebi araa<br />
<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeli <strong>da</strong> bevri gamouyenebeli rezervia;<br />
35
• Aa<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis ganviTarebis aucilebloba – organizaciis<br />
mokle- <strong>da</strong> grZelvadiani miznebisa <strong>da</strong> konkretuli <strong>amocanebis</strong><br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta personalis profesiuli kvalifikaciis donis arsebiT<br />
srulyofa-ganviTarebas moiTxovs;<br />
• organizaciis efeqtiani saqmianobis xelSemSleli problemebis<br />
aRmofxvris aucilebloba, raSic a<strong>da</strong>mianis faqtori mniSvnelovan<br />
rols TamaSobs;<br />
• Sromis organizebis, personalis marTvis axali, Tanamedrove<br />
procedurebis <strong>da</strong>nergvis aucilebloba <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
samuSaoze axalmiRebuli personalisTvis treningis saWiroebaTa<br />
gansazRvra Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT advilad xdeba. <strong>erTi</strong> mxriv, cnobili, Camoyalibebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> SeTanxmebulia (un<strong>da</strong> iyos) yoveli samuSaos aRwera, anu ra konkretuli<br />
funqciebis Sesrulebas gulisxmobs esa Tu is Tanamdeboba, xolo, meore<br />
mxriv, Tu ra profesiuli kvalifikaciis moTxovnebs uyenebs es samuSao mis<br />
Semsrulebels; momuSavis samuSaoze misaReb konkursSi un<strong>da</strong> gairkves, Tu<br />
ramdenad Seesabameba momuSavis profesiuli kvalificiis done <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi<br />
unar-SesaZleblobebi Sesasrulebeli samuSaos moTxovnebs; swored maT<br />
Soris gansxvavebaa is sfero, romelSic saWiroa axalmiRebuli momuSavis<br />
treiningi-momzadeba, ga<strong>da</strong>mzadeba Tu kvalifikaciis amaRleba<br />
treningebis sistemis organizeba<br />
nebismier saxelmwifo (<strong>da</strong> ara mxolod saxelmwifo) uwyebaSi<br />
treningebis efeqtiani sistemis organizebisa <strong>da</strong> marTvisaTvis, dRevandeli<br />
realuri viTarebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, aucilebelia Seiqmnas:<br />
• meTodologiuri baza <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi strategia;<br />
• organizaciuli baza;<br />
• aucilebeli resursebis baza;<br />
• treningebis sistemis marTvis efeqtiani meqanizmi;<br />
• Sesabamisi normatiuli baza.<br />
maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, zemoaRniSnuli treningebis sistemis Seqmna, upirveles<br />
yovlisa, saTanado strategiisa <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi meTodologiuri bazis, anu<br />
meTodologiuri winamZRvrebis, safuZvlebis SemuSavebas gulisxmobs.<br />
treningebis sistemis Seqmnisa <strong>da</strong> funqcionirebis strategia, upirveles<br />
yovlisa, treningebis sistemis ZiriTadi miznebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>amocanebis</strong> miRwevis<br />
procesis saTanado kvalifikaciis, gamocdilebis, ganaTlebis, mentalitetis,<br />
qcevis wesebis, pasuxismgeblobis grZnobisa <strong>da</strong> sxva aucilebel moTxovnaTa<br />
Sesabamisi a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebiT uzrunvelyofa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianuri kapitalis<br />
permanentuli srulyofa-ganviTarebaa.<br />
treningebis strategia maSin iqneba swori <strong>da</strong> efeqtiani, Tu is,<br />
upirvelesad, konkretul uwyebaSi treningebis sistemis Seqmnisa <strong>da</strong><br />
funqcionirebis swor meTodologiur principebsa <strong>da</strong> midgomebs <strong>da</strong>efuZneba.<br />
maTgan aRsaniSnavia Semdegi:<br />
• Aaucilebelia SemuSavdes mocemul uwyebasa <strong>da</strong> mis struqturul<br />
qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebSi moxeleTa treningis saWiroebis (aucileblobis)<br />
36
gansazRvris meTodika <strong>da</strong> konkretulad ganisazRvros, Tu vis, ratom, ra<br />
formiT, ra sakiTxebSi <strong>da</strong> a. S. sWirdeba treningi;<br />
• gansakuTrebuli yuradReba un<strong>da</strong> mieqces treningebis sferoebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
Tematikas, risi safuZvelic <strong>da</strong>wesebulebis struqturuli qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebis<br />
mier moxeleTa treningis saWiroebis Sesaxeb personalis marTvis<br />
samsaxurisTvis, an saswavlo centrisTvis mowodebuli konkretuli<br />
informacia un<strong>da</strong> iyos. arsebuli realuri viTarebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />
treningebi or ZiriTad sferos un<strong>da</strong> Seexos: saerTo (zogad) <strong>da</strong> specialur<br />
sakiTxebs; Sesabamisad un<strong>da</strong> moxdes treningebis Tematikis SeTanxmeba <strong>da</strong><br />
specifikacia. magaliTad, saerTo, zogadi treningi SeiZleba Seexos iseT<br />
sferoebs, rogoricaa: saerTo menejmenti, personalis menejmenti,<br />
saxelmwifos marTvisa <strong>da</strong> sajaro samsaxuris sakanonmdeblo-normatiuli<br />
baza, a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan urTierTobis xelovneba, administrirebis procedurebis<br />
racionalizeba, ucxo enebisa <strong>da</strong> kompiuterTan muSaobis Seswavla <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
• saWiroa realuri amocanebi<strong>da</strong>n, viTarebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> SesaZleblobebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamomdinare ganisazRvros moxeleTa treningis prioritetuli formebi,<br />
magaliTad, gansazRvrul periodSi romel formebze gakeTdeba aqcenti:<br />
centralizebulze, decentralizebulze, Sereulze, rangirebul treningze<br />
moxeleTa rangirebis gaTvaliswinebiT <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
• saTanado yuradReba un<strong>da</strong> mieqces samuSao<strong>da</strong>n mowyvetiT <strong>da</strong> uSualod<br />
samuSao adgilze swavlebis konkretul meTodebs, rogoricaa: leqciebi,<br />
seminarebi, specialuri kursebi, saqmiani TamaSebi, gunduri muSaoba,<br />
distanciuri swavleba, TviTganviTareba (individualuri swavleba) <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />
• treningebis organizebulad <strong>da</strong> efeqtianad Casatareblad aucilebelia<br />
yoveli konkretuli treningisTvis Sedges saswavlo programa <strong>da</strong> SeTanxmdes<br />
organizaciis xelmZRvanelobasTan; aq gaTvaliswinebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos rogorc<br />
treningis uSualod Camtareblis (“treneris”), ise konkretuli sferos<br />
uSualo xelmZRvanelis, sakonkurso-saatestacio komisiisa <strong>da</strong><br />
treninggasavlel moxeleTa azri;<br />
• aucilebelia realuri viTarebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> treningis Taviseburebebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamomdinare SemuSavdes treningis Sedegebis efeqtianobis Sefasebis<br />
meTodika; aq saWiroa gaTvaliswinebul iqnes iseTi midgomebi, rogoricaa:<br />
treningis efeqtianobis uSualo menejeris mier Sefaseba, Sromis<br />
konkretuli Sedegebis Se<strong>da</strong>reba treningis gavlamde <strong>da</strong> mis Semdeg,<br />
pasuxismgeblobis done, Tanamdebobrivi <strong>da</strong>winaureba, sakonkursosaatestacio<br />
komisiis Sefaseba, profesiul-kvalifikaciuri winsvlis<br />
vizualuri Sefaseba (muSaobs kompiuterTan, flobs enas <strong>da</strong> a. S.),<br />
saatestacio komisiis Sefaseba <strong>da</strong> sxv.;<br />
• rasakvirvelia, treningis yoveli ciklisaTvis un<strong>da</strong> ganisazRvros misi<br />
xangrZlivoba – ramdeni saaTi, kvira an Tve <strong>da</strong>sWirdeba treningis<br />
srulyofil realizebas; amasTan, un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wydes <strong>da</strong> mogvardes mTeli rigi<br />
organizaciuli sakiTxebi, romlebic <strong>da</strong>wvrilebiT qvemoTaa ganxiluli.<br />
• treningebis sistemis organizaciuli uzrunvelyofa<br />
meTodologiuri sakiTxebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis Semdeg aucilebelia Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan<br />
identificirebul <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetil iqnes treningebis Catarebis<br />
organizaciuli sakiTxebi, romlebic treningebis sistemis efeqtiani<br />
funqcionirebis erT-<strong>erTi</strong> mniSvnelovani winapirobaa. Aam sakiTxebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
aRsaniSnavia Semdegi:<br />
37
• treningebis organizaciuli uzrunvelyofis makoordinirebel<br />
funqciebs <strong>da</strong>wesebulebis marTvis samsaxuri <strong>da</strong> saswavlo centri un<strong>da</strong><br />
axorcielebdnen;<br />
• saswavlo centrma un<strong>da</strong> moamzados, organizaciis xelmZRvanelobasTan<br />
SeaTanxmos <strong>da</strong> departamentebisa <strong>da</strong> sxva <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli struqturuli<br />
qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebis xelmZRvanelebs <strong>da</strong>urigos treningebis <strong>da</strong>gegmvis,<br />
organizebisa <strong>da</strong> marTvis kiTxvari. maT personalis marTvis samsaxurs<br />
saTanado formiT un<strong>da</strong> warudginon Sesabamisi informacia TavianT<br />
personificirebul moxeleTa trenigis konkretul saWiroebaTa Sesaxeb; am<br />
informaciis safuZvelze un<strong>da</strong> Sedges, resursebiT <strong>da</strong> organizaciulad<br />
uzrunvelyofil iqnes <strong>da</strong> SeTanxmdes <strong>organizacia</strong>Si moxeleTa treningebis<br />
programa <strong>da</strong> operaciuli gegma<br />
• treningebis sistemis organizaciuli uzrunvelyofis etapze saTanado<br />
yuradReba un<strong>da</strong> mieqces treningebis <strong>da</strong>mkveTTa identificirebasac, anu<br />
visgan modis iniciativa, vin <strong>da</strong> ramdenad safuZvlianad gansazRvravs, Tu vis<br />
raSi <strong>da</strong> ra formiT sWirdeba treningi; aseTi <strong>da</strong>mkveTebi SeiZleba iyvnen:<br />
organizaciis xelmZRvaneloba, moxelis uSualo xelmZRvaneli, am<br />
ukanasknelis ufrosi (magaliTad, departamentis ufrosi), saerTaSoriso<br />
organizaciebis proeqtebis ganmaxorcieleblebi <strong>da</strong> individualuri moxele;<br />
• calke aqcenti un<strong>da</strong> gakeTdes TviTganviTareba-TviTganaTlebaze, roca<br />
moxele pirovnulad, xelmZRvanelobasTan formaluri SeTanxmebis gareSe,<br />
sakuTari surviliTa <strong>da</strong> resursebiT imaRlebs kvalifikacias.<br />
TviTganviTarebis forma, gansakuTrebiT axalgazr<strong>da</strong> moxeleebSi<br />
(upirvelesad kompiuteris, enebis, aseve, specialuri disciplinebis<br />
Seswavla), Cveni azriT, sakmaod farTod gavrcel<strong>da</strong>, maT Soris<br />
sazRvargareT treningisa <strong>da</strong> swavlebis formiTac; am procesebs ara mxolod<br />
un<strong>da</strong> mivesalmoT, aramed nebismierma <strong>da</strong>wesebulebam saTanadod un<strong>da</strong><br />
aRricxos, sistematizeba <strong>da</strong> analizi moaxdinos <strong>da</strong> garkveuli formebiT<br />
xelic Seuwyos am process, Tun<strong>da</strong>c konkursebisa <strong>da</strong> atestirebis dros,<br />
anazRaurebuli an uxelfaso Svebulebebis micemiT <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
• calke gansjis, mxar<strong>da</strong>Werisa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis miRebis sagnad<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iqces saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa <strong>da</strong> sazRvargareTis qveynebis<br />
mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT <strong>da</strong>savleTis qveynebSi moxeleTa treningis SesaZleblobaTa<br />
analizi, treningebis efeqtiani programebis SemuSaveba, am procesebis<br />
koordinireba <strong>da</strong> saTanado rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis momzadeba;<br />
• realuri viTarebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia<br />
<strong>da</strong>wesebulebis xelmZRvanelobam aqcenti gaakeTos, upirvelesad, treningebis<br />
ZiriTad instituciur rgolebze, moaxdinos maTi identificireba, meTodurpraqtikul-organizaciul<br />
sakiTxebze <strong>da</strong> TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba;<br />
aseT rgolebad un<strong>da</strong> miviCnioT:<br />
1. upirvelesad <strong>da</strong> umTavresad uSualod <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba, misi saswavlo<br />
centri (Tu aqvs) <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>wesebulebis Si<strong>da</strong>potenciali - rogorc wesi,<br />
specialuri <strong>da</strong> operatiuli treningebis sferoSi. Cveni azriT, es sakiTxi<br />
sagangebo Seswavlasa <strong>da</strong> operatiul moqmedebas moiTxovs;<br />
2. saqarTvelos wamyvani umaRlesi saswavleblebi <strong>da</strong> saswavlo centrebi<br />
maTi unar-SesaZleblobebis, swavlebis Tanamedrove meTodebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
gamocdilebis zedmiwevniT gacnobis Semdeg-ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, saerTo, zogadi<br />
treningebis sferoSi. A<br />
38
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis marTvis strategia <strong>da</strong> politika A<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis marTva rogorc strategiuli funqcia<br />
nebismieri organizaciis personalis marTvisas yvelas <strong>da</strong> gansakuTrebiT<br />
xelmZRavnelebs aucileblad un<strong>da</strong> axsovdeT, rom es ara mxolod <strong>da</strong> ara<br />
imdenad teqnologiebi, procedurebi, dokumentebi <strong>da</strong> reglamentia,<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c xelovneba. a<strong>da</strong>mianebis marTva, miT umetes, roca isini moxeleebi<br />
arian, SeuZlebelia ganxorcildes stan<strong>da</strong>rtuli meTodebiT, receptebiT,<br />
rom esa Tu is saqme “mxolod ase un<strong>da</strong> gakeTdes”; Sesabamisad, ar SeiZleba<br />
arsebobdes “stan<strong>da</strong>rtuli a<strong>da</strong>miani”, swored amitom a<strong>da</strong>mianTa marTva<br />
xelovnebaa, romelic ara mxolod maT funqciur valdebulebebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
uflebamosilebebs, aramed maT grZnobebs, ganwyobas, sulierebas <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />
pirovnul maxasiaTeblebsac ukavSirdeba. Ees Taviseburebebi aucilebelia<br />
saTanadod iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli personalis marTvis strategiisa <strong>da</strong><br />
politikis SemuSavebisa <strong>da</strong> realizebisas nebismier <strong>organizacia</strong>Si.<br />
strategia berZnuli sityvaa <strong>da</strong> pir<strong>da</strong>piri mniSvnelobiT j<strong>aris</strong> gaZRolas<br />
niSnavs; Tanamedrove gagebiT esaa marTebul principebsa <strong>da</strong> swor,<br />
Sorsmimaval prognozebze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli marTvis xelovnebis <strong>da</strong>gegmva; es<br />
<strong>aris</strong> organizaciis misiisa <strong>da</strong> miznebis ganxorcielebis Sorsgamiznuli<br />
koncefcia. rac Seexeba politikas, esec berZnuli warmoSobis sityvaa <strong>da</strong><br />
saxelmwifo marTvis xelovnebas niSnav<strong>da</strong>; es <strong>aris</strong> saqmianobis miznebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
maTi miRwevis saSualebebis, formebisa <strong>da</strong> Sinaarsis gansazRvra; sxvagvarad,<br />
rom vTqvaT, esaa im principebis erToblioba, romlebic un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cul iqnes<br />
marTvis nebismier sferoSi, Cvens SemTxvevaSi-personalis marTvis nebismieri<br />
proceduris ganxorcielebisas.<br />
N nebismieri organizaciis saqmianoba, Tu is ar ukavSirdeba xangrZliv<br />
perspeqtivaze gaTvlil miznebsa <strong>da</strong> konkretuli strategiis realizebas,<br />
qaosuri, SemTxveviTi xasiaTisaa <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad –naklebwarmatebuli.<br />
sazogadod, strategiuli <strong>da</strong>gegmvis procesi Semdeg ZiriTad etapebs moicavs.<br />
strategiuli <strong>da</strong>gegmvis procesi<br />
1. organizaciis misiis gansazRvra<br />
2. organizaciis miznebis gansazRvra<br />
3. Si<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> gare faqtorebis analizi <strong>da</strong> Sefaseba<br />
4. strategiis Sefaseba<br />
5. strategiis realizeba<br />
6. strategiis arCeva<br />
7. strategiuli alternativebis analizi<br />
rogorc vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, organizaciis strategiis gansazRvra uSualod am<br />
organizaciis misii<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> miznebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinareobs. Sesabamisad,<br />
personalis marTvis strategiac organizaciis misiisa <strong>da</strong> miznebis miRwevis<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebiT uzrunvelyofas ukavSirdeba; es mTeli organizaciis<br />
strategiis yvelaze mniSvnelovani <strong>da</strong> prioritetuli komponentia, radgan<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri kapitalis, a<strong>da</strong>mianuri faqtoris gareSe organizaciis verc <strong>erTi</strong><br />
mizani <strong>da</strong> amocana ver ga<strong>da</strong>wydeba; Sesabamisad, a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis marTva<br />
nebismieri organizaciis strategiuli funqciaa<br />
39
organizaciis misiisa <strong>da</strong> strategiis adgili a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis<br />
marTvaSi<br />
organizaciis misia arsebiTad igivea, rac cxovrebis azri a<strong>da</strong>amianisaTvis;<br />
esaa organizaciis kredo, koncentrirebulad gamoxatuli azri misi<br />
arsobisa. Oorganizaciis marTebulad formulirebuli misia marTvis sul<br />
cota sami amocanis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis saSualebas iZleva, kerZod:<br />
• misia aiZulebs organizaciis xelmZRvanelobas sistematurad<br />
aanalizos saqmianobis statusi <strong>da</strong> Zlieri mxareebi <strong>da</strong> organizaciis<br />
efeqtian funqcionirebaze izrunos;<br />
• organizaciis momuSaveTa mier gaziarebuli <strong>da</strong> gaTavisebuli misia<br />
xels uwyobs maT Tanamoazreobas, integrirebas <strong>da</strong> nayofieri, intensiuri<br />
muSaobisaTvis motivirebas<br />
• naTlad Camoyalibebuli <strong>da</strong> konkretuli saqmianobiT <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebuli<br />
misia xels uwyobs organizaciis kargi imijis Seqmnas<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis marTvasTan, rogorc strategiul funqciasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, aucilebelia or mniSvnelovan momentze iqnes<br />
gamaxvilebuli yuradReba<br />
• a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis marTvis strategia maqsimalurad un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
orientirebuli momavalze, radgan icvleba <strong>da</strong> viTardeba organizaciis<br />
misia, misi struqtura, politikuri, ekonomikuri, teqnologiuri,<br />
socialuri, organizaciuli garemo, icvlebian <strong>da</strong> viTardebian TviT<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebic;<br />
• a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis marTva, rogorc strategiuli funqcia, ufro<br />
metad problemebis warmoSobis profilaqtikaze, winaswar regirebasa <strong>da</strong><br />
problemebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebaze un<strong>da</strong> iyos orientirebuli, vidre ukve<br />
warmoSobil problemebze<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis strategiuli marTva<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis marTvis strategia esaa koncefcia, ZiriTadi gza, Tu<br />
rogor un<strong>da</strong> iqnes miRweuli personalis marTvis ZiriTadi miznebi <strong>da</strong><br />
amocanebi, rasakvirvelia, TviT organizaciis misiis, misi ganviTarebis<br />
strategiis, organizaciuli <strong>da</strong> sakadro potencialisa <strong>da</strong> sakadro<br />
politikis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
saerTod, strategia un<strong>da</strong> ganvixiloT rogorc marTviT <strong>da</strong> organizaciul<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebaTa sistema, romelic mimarTulia <strong>da</strong>wesebulebis<br />
(organizaciis) misiis, miznebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>amocanebis</strong> realizebis, ganviTarebis an<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>qmnisaken. nebismieri strategia un<strong>da</strong> iyos Sinaganad mTliani,<br />
sistemuri, organizaciis Taviseburebebsa <strong>da</strong> garemosTan Tavsebadi,<br />
yvelanairi resursebiT <strong>da</strong>balansebuli, realisturi, mokle, saSualo <strong>da</strong><br />
grZelvadiani urTierTSeTanxmebuli miznebiT ganmtkicebuli.<br />
SeiZleba gamoiyos strategiis sami mTavari elementi:<br />
1. miznebis sistema, romelSic Sedis organizciis misia, saerTo<br />
organizaciuli <strong>da</strong> specifikuri miznebi;<br />
2. prioritetebi, anu resursebis (a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis)<br />
ganawilebisa <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebis ZiriTadi principebi<br />
40
3. marTviTi moqmedebebis wesebi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis marTvis strategia uSualod gamomdinareobs<br />
organizaciis misii<strong>da</strong>n, misi miznebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> strategii<strong>da</strong>n, radgan swored<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri kapitalia organizaciis miznebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>amocanebis</strong> miRwevis<br />
upirvelesi berketi. TviT personalis strategiuli marTva, rogorc wesi,<br />
marTvis am sistemis yvela komponentsa <strong>da</strong> mimarTulebas, yvela mniSvnelovan<br />
proceduras SeiZleba moicavdes. ase magaliTad, organizaciis strategiuli<br />
miznebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>amocanebis</strong> <strong>misaRwevad</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis strategiulma<br />
marTvam SeiZleba moicvas Semdegi konkretuli mimarTulebebi:<br />
• personalis mozidvisa <strong>da</strong> SerCevis procedurebis modernizeba;<br />
• personalis gaaxalgazr<strong>da</strong>veba sapensio asaks ga<strong>da</strong>cilebulTa<br />
xarjze;<br />
• moxeleTa rezervis Seqmnisa <strong>da</strong> marTvis efeqtiani sistemis<br />
SemuSaveba<br />
• personalis motivirebisa <strong>da</strong> Sromis anazRaurebis Tanamedrove<br />
sistemis Seqmna<br />
• personalis raodenobis Semcireba Sromis Tanamedrove<br />
kulturisa <strong>da</strong> drois menejmentis principebis praqtikuli<br />
realizebis Sedegad;<br />
• organizaciis axali strategii<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> miznebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />
personalis didi nawilis ga<strong>da</strong>mzadeba <strong>da</strong> kvalifikaciis amaRleba,<br />
treningebis axali, Tanamedrove sistemis Seqmna; axali profesiebis<br />
moxeleTa mozidva;<br />
• organizaciis xaziT menejerTa mier personalis marTvis <strong>da</strong>bali<br />
donis gamo am sferoSi maTi sagangebo treningi;<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis marTvis strategiis Sesabamisad <strong>da</strong> misgan<br />
gamomdinare, un<strong>da</strong> SemuSavdes strategiis realizebis strategiuli <strong>da</strong><br />
miznobrivi programebi <strong>da</strong> maTgan gamomdinare operaciuli gegmebi. maTSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>konkretebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos strategiis praqtikuli realizebis<br />
mimarTulebebi, RonisZiebebi, moqmedebebi, maTi Sesrulebis vadebi,<br />
pasuxismgeblebi <strong>da</strong> saWiro finansuri, a<strong>da</strong>mianuri Tu organizaciulteqnikuri<br />
resursebi.<br />
Ppersonalis ekonomika<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTSi sakmaod gavrcelebulia, e.w. a<strong>da</strong>mianuri kapitalis Teoria. Aam<br />
Teoriis mixedviT, momuSaveTa codna <strong>da</strong> kvalifikacia miCneulia TviT maT<br />
kuTvnilebad, romelsac moaqvs Semosavali; am codnisa <strong>da</strong> Cvevebis miRebaze<br />
droisa <strong>da</strong> xarjebis <strong>da</strong>naxarjebi miCneulia investiciebad. amJamad a<strong>da</strong>mianur<br />
kapitalSi <strong>da</strong>bandebaTa aRricxvis ori saxis modeli arsebobs; aqtivebis<br />
41
modelebi, roca xdeba a<strong>da</strong>mianur kapitalSi <strong>da</strong>naxarjebis aRricxva <strong>da</strong><br />
sargeblianobis modeli, roca xdeba aseTi <strong>da</strong>naxarjebis efeqtianobis<br />
Sefaseba. <strong>da</strong> sakvirvelia, es orive modeli erTmaneTs un<strong>da</strong> avsebdes.<br />
A a<strong>da</strong>mianur kapitalze organizaciis mier gaweuli xarjebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
upirvelesad un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyos :<br />
• personalis mozidvis, SerCevisa <strong>da</strong> konkursebis Catarebis<br />
xarjebi (am procedurebis nawils sakmaod xSirad <strong>da</strong> bevr<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si mowveuli eqspertebi atareben);<br />
• axalmiRebulTa a<strong>da</strong>ptirebaze <strong>da</strong> rogorc axalmiRebulTa, ise<br />
ZiriTadi personalis treningebze gaweuli xarjebi;<br />
• xelfasi <strong>da</strong> maTze (xelfasis fondze) sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis<br />
<strong>da</strong>naricxebi;<br />
• premiebi, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis waxalisebebi;<br />
• socialuri <strong>da</strong>xmarebebi<br />
• momuSaveTa atestirebaze gaweuli xarjebi;<br />
• Sromis keTilsasurveli garemo pirobebisa <strong>da</strong> fsiqologiuri<br />
klimatis Seqmnis xarjebi;<br />
• Sromis keTilsasurveli garemo pirobebisa <strong>da</strong> fsiqologiuri<br />
klimatis Seqmnis xarjebi;<br />
• samuSao adgilis <strong>da</strong>gegmarebis, Seqmnisa <strong>da</strong> aRWurvis xarjebi;<br />
• samuSao Zalis moZraobisa <strong>da</strong> denadobiT gamowveuli xarjebi<br />
(<strong>da</strong>nakargebi) <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />
A a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis ganviTarebaSi <strong>da</strong>bandebuli kapitali erT<strong>erTi</strong><br />
Zvirad Rirebuli investiciaa, magram, rogorc msoflios mowinave qveynebis<br />
gamocdileba a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, es, amavdroulad, yvelaze efeqtiani, momgebiani<br />
investiciebia. rasakvirvelia, a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis ganviTrebaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>bandebuli kapitalis efeqtianoba Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT advilad <strong>da</strong> konkretulad<br />
SeiZleba Sefasdes saqmianobis iseT sferoebSi (upirvelesad warmoebaSi,<br />
aseve momsaxurebis sferoSi), sa<strong>da</strong>c Sromis efeqtianoba misi uSualo<br />
SedegebiT <strong>da</strong> konkretuli raodenobrivi <strong>da</strong> x<strong>aris</strong>xobrivi parametrebiT<br />
ganisazRvreba; magaliTad treningamde momuSave dReSi uSveb<strong>da</strong> 200 nawarms,<br />
romelTagan ux<strong>aris</strong>xo iyo 6 cali, xolo treningebis Semdeg uSvebs 250-s,<br />
romelTagan ux<strong>aris</strong>xo 5-ia; e. i. Sromis nayofiereba 25 prcentiT gazrdila,<br />
xolo wundebuli nawarmis wili 3 procenti<strong>da</strong>n 2 procentamde Semcir<strong>da</strong>;<br />
Sromis efeqtianoba sxvanaira<strong>da</strong>c SeiZleba Sefasdes – magaliTad, <strong>erTi</strong><br />
nawarmis <strong>da</strong>mzadebaze treningamde momuSave 20 wuTs xarjav<strong>da</strong>, treningis<br />
Semdeg -15 wuTs.<br />
rasakvirvelia, bevrad rTuli <strong>da</strong> umravles SemTxvevaSi aseTi<br />
konkretuli cifrobrivi maCveneblebiT ver Sefasdeba moxeleTa SromiTi<br />
saqmianoba <strong>da</strong> maTze gaweuli kapitalur <strong>da</strong>bandebaTa efeqtianoba. mTlianad,<br />
organizaciis masStabiT, am SemTxvevaSi, upirvelesad, misma xelmZRavnelebma,<br />
aseve personalis menejerebma <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisma samsaxurma yuradReba un<strong>da</strong><br />
miaqcion <strong>da</strong> saTanadod Seafason Semdegi parametrebi <strong>da</strong> tendenciebi:<br />
• organizaciis mier arCeuli strategiisa <strong>da</strong> politikis<br />
marTebuloba <strong>da</strong> maTi realizebis, <strong>da</strong>saxuli miznebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>amocanebis</strong> miRwevis efeqtianobis gazr<strong>da</strong>;<br />
• ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebaTa miRebisa <strong>da</strong> Sesrulebis procesis gaumjobeseba;<br />
• marTvisa <strong>da</strong> administrirebis procedurebis gamartiveba;<br />
42
• Si<strong>da</strong>uwyebriv <strong>da</strong> uwyebaTaSoris urTierTobaTa racionalizeba;<br />
• Ddokumentbrunvis racionalizeba, droisa <strong>da</strong> saxsrebis<br />
mniSvnelovani ekonomia;<br />
• uflebamosilebaTa <strong>da</strong> pasuxismgeblobebis gamijvna, delegireba,<br />
menejerebi (moxeleebi) aRar asruleben <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa<br />
funqciebs;<br />
• muSaobis moculobis gafarToeba <strong>da</strong> x<strong>aris</strong>xis gaumjobeseba;<br />
• momuSaveTa denadobis maCvenebelTa dinamika <strong>da</strong> maTi struqturuli<br />
analizi;<br />
• momuSaveTa denadobis maCvenebelTa dinamika <strong>da</strong> maTi sruqturuli<br />
analizi;<br />
• momuSaveTa motivirebisa <strong>da</strong> stimulirebis analizi <strong>da</strong> tendenciebi;<br />
• drois menejmentis srulyofa , ufro efeqtiani <strong>da</strong> nayofieri<br />
saqmianobis profesiaTa <strong>da</strong> funqciaTa Sefasebis Sedegad<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebulTa ricxvis Semcireba;<br />
• Sromis eTikuri normebis <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong> organizaciuli kulturis<br />
ganviTareba;<br />
• konfliqturi situaciebis analizi d misi dinamika;<br />
• axali ideebis <strong>da</strong> inovaciebis ganviTreba (mateba, Semcireba)<br />
organizaciis miznebis ukeT <strong>misaRwevad</strong>;<br />
uSualod individebze, konkretul moxeleebze organizaciis <strong>da</strong>naxarjebis<br />
efeqtianobis Sefaseba, upirvelesad <strong>da</strong> umTavresad maTma uSualo<br />
menejerebma un<strong>da</strong> moaxdinon, magaliTad: atestirebis Tu treningebis ciklis<br />
gavlis Semdeg rogoria moxelis profesiul-kvalifikaciuri donis<br />
Sesabamisoba Tanamdebobriv moTxovnebTan, ra <strong>da</strong>skvnebis gakeTebis<br />
saSualebas gvaZlevs moxelis mier Sesrulebuli samuSaos Sefaseba, rogor<br />
gamoswor<strong>da</strong> atestirebisas <strong>da</strong>fiqsirebuli moxelis susti adgilebi,<br />
ramdenad amaRl<strong>da</strong> misi pasuxismgebloba, analitikuri azrovneba,<br />
iniciativianoba, SemoqmedebiTi midgoma <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />
roca a<strong>da</strong>mianur kapitalsa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis ganviTrebazea saubari,<br />
mTeli principulobiT un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas – am sferoSi kapital<strong>da</strong>bandebaTa Tu<br />
investiciebis SezRudva, a<strong>da</strong>mianis faqtoris ignorireba, moxeleTa<br />
arasaTanado motivireba, maTi saarsebo minimumze <strong>da</strong>bali xelfasi <strong>da</strong><br />
socialuri <strong>da</strong>ucveloba bumerangiviT ubrundeba <strong>da</strong> angrevs saxelmwifos,<br />
mis demokratiul ganviTrebas, sazogadebriv rwmenasa <strong>da</strong> faseulobebs,<br />
axdens xelisuflebis diskretirebas, korufciis, kalnurobis, kanonis<br />
uzenaesobis ugulebelyofis mniSvnelovani mizezi <strong>da</strong> stimulatori xdeba.<br />
Aa<strong>da</strong>mianis strategiuli <strong>da</strong> SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganmsazRvreli testi<br />
strategiis arCeva garkveulwilad yovelTvis riskTanaa <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli;<br />
qvemoT motanili testi saSulebas gvaZlevs SevafasoT, Tu ramdenad<br />
Segvwevs unari SevimuSavoT yovelmxriv kargad mofiqrebuli strategia.<br />
aucilebelia obieqturad, gulwrfelad gavceT pasuxi qvemoT motanil<br />
kiTxvebs <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>viweroT Sesabamisi balebi, kerZod: pasuxze “ki” -1 bali,<br />
xolo pasuxze “ara” – 2 bali.<br />
43
kiTxvebi<br />
1. roca sapasuxismgeblo ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas iRebT mxolod sakuTar<br />
Tavs eyrdnobiT Tu ara?<br />
2. xSirad emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia Tqveni xelmZRvanelis<br />
mosazrebas?<br />
3. migaCniaT Tu ara Tqven, rom ar arsebobs gamouvali mdgomareoba,<br />
situacia?<br />
4. rogor fiqrobT, yovelTvis marTali xarT?<br />
5. swrafad iTvisebT Tu ara axali saxis samuSaoebs?<br />
6. a<strong>da</strong>mianTa Sefasebisas ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d Tqvens sakuTar azrs eyrdnobiT<br />
Tu ara?<br />
7. bevrs fiqrobT Tu ara sanam mniSvnelovan ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas<br />
miiRebT?<br />
8. miiswrafviT Tu ara bolomde miiyvanoT <strong>da</strong>wyebuli saqme?<br />
9. migaCniaT Tu ara, rom rac SeiZleba naklebad iaqtiuroT, raTa<br />
usiamovnebebi Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aiciloT?<br />
10. Zvirfasi nivTebis SeZenisas ekiTxebiT Tu ara rCevebs sxvebs?<br />
11. iswrafviT Tu ara mogebisken, gamarjvebisken, roca raimes<br />
TamaSobT?<br />
12. fiqrobT Tu ara momavalze?<br />
13. cdilobT Tu ara rTuli problemis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetisas SeafasoT<br />
yvela SesaZlo alternativa?<br />
14. xSirad gamoTqvamT Tu ara sajarod saerTo azrisagan<br />
gansxvavebul, sawinaaRmdego azrs?<br />
15. specialurad emzadebiT Tu ara gamosvlebisaTvis?<br />
16. <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli xarT, rom dRemde mniSvnelovani Secdoma ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>giSviaT?<br />
17. xSirad ocnebobT raime ganuxorcielebelze?<br />
18. Tu fiqrobT xolme, ramdenad <strong>da</strong>majerebelia kamaTis dros<br />
Tqveni argumentebi?<br />
19. SegiZliaT Tu ara <strong>da</strong>TmoT Tqveni principebi, Tu amas saqmis<br />
interesebi moiTxovs?<br />
20. gaqvT Tu ara kargi urTierTobebi xelmZRvanelobasTan?<br />
21. marTebulia xolme Tu ara Tqveni Tav<strong>da</strong>pirveli azrebi?<br />
22. xdeba Tu ara, rom araoficialur garemoSi Tqven SeiZleba Tavi<br />
gamoiCinoT eqstravaganturi qceviT?<br />
23. xom ar xdeba xolme, rom Tqveni arsebiTad marTebuli qceva<br />
garegnulad aralogikuri <strong>da</strong> gaugebari aRmoCndes Tqveni garSemo<br />
myofTaTvis?<br />
24. migaCniaT Tu ara, rom Tqven ukve moaswariT cxovrebaSi raime<br />
mniSvnelovanis gakeTba?<br />
25. Znelia Tu ara Tqveni <strong>da</strong>rwmuneba, raTa azri SeicvaloT?<br />
26. miiswrafviT Tu ara principuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis<br />
wvrilmanebamde gaazrebisaken?<br />
27. mzad xarT Tu ara saqmis interesebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare g<strong>aris</strong>koT<br />
xolme, roca warmatebis Sansebi mcirea?<br />
28. cxovrobT Tu ara mxolod dRevandeli dRiT?<br />
29. bevrs andobT, uziarebT xolme Tqvens saqmeebs Tu ara?<br />
44
Sefaseba<br />
30. dgamT Tu ara ga<strong>da</strong>mwyvet nabijebs, roca ar xarT <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli<br />
koleqtivis mxar<strong>da</strong>WeraSi?<br />
31. migakuTvneben Tu ara garSemo myofni “perpeqtiulTa” kategorias?<br />
32. axal situaciebSi upiratesobas qcevis tradiciuli wesebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvas xom ar aniWebT?<br />
33. xSirad agvianebT?<br />
34. iRebT Tu ara axloblebisgan rCevebs mniSvnelovani piradi<br />
sakiTxebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetisas?<br />
35. SegiZliaT Tu ara situaciis sakmaod zusti prognozireba 1-2<br />
wliT adre?<br />
36. xom ar gqoniaT SemTxvevebi, rom arCevani gagekeTebinaT?<br />
37. SeiZleba Tqven Tavisuflad gendon a<strong>da</strong>mianebi?<br />
38. misdevT Tu ara Tqven TviTanalizs?<br />
39. axdenT Tu ara Tqveni saqmianobis perspeqtiul <strong>da</strong>gegmvas?<br />
40. xarT Tu ara Tav<strong>da</strong>zRveuli?<br />
41. xarT Tu ara ukompromiso?<br />
42. SegiZliaT Tu ara imegobroT imasTan, vinc Tqvens xasiaTs ar<br />
Seesabameba?<br />
43. yovelTvis asrulebT Tu ara Tqvens <strong>da</strong>napirebs?<br />
44. SegiZliaT Tu ara isaubroT iseT rameebze, risic araferi<br />
gagegebaT?<br />
45. yvelaferSi <strong>da</strong> yovelTvis eTanxmebiT Tu ara xelmRvanelobas?<br />
• saerTo Sedegis gasarkvevad, aucilebelia ganisazRvros im pasuxTa<br />
procenti pasuxTa saerTo raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n, romlebic 1 baliT<br />
Sefasdnen. Ees gviCvenebs, riskisadmi Tqvens saerTo midrekilebas;<br />
• SeiZleba Sefasebul iqnes agreTve:<br />
1. Tqveni xasiaTis simtkiis done, razec miuTiTebs qvemoT moyvanili<br />
kiTxvebi<strong>da</strong>n 1 baliT Sefasebuli kiTxvebis wili (%) – 1, 2, 7, 9, 10, 27,<br />
30, 34, 40 kiTxvebi;<br />
2. upasuxismgeblobis done, razec miuTiTebs qvemoT mocemuli<br />
kiTxvebi<strong>da</strong>n 1 baliT Sefasebuli kiTxvebis wili (%)-1, 2, 7, 9, 10, 27, 30,<br />
34, 40 kiTxvebi<br />
3. strategiuli saqmianobisa <strong>da</strong> azrovnebisaken midrekileba, razec<br />
CamoTvlili kiTxvebi<strong>da</strong>n 1 baliT Sefasebuli kiTxvebis wili (%)<br />
miuTiTebs -11, 12, 13, 16, 23, 24, 28, 35, 39 kiTxvebi;<br />
4. ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebaTa miRebisas intuiciis grZnoba, razec qvemoT<br />
mocemuli kiTxvebi<strong>da</strong>n 1 baliT Sefasebuli kiTxvebis wili (%)<br />
miuTiTebs – 6, 10, 15, 16, 18, 21, 23, 26, 38 kiTxvebi;<br />
5. SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobisa <strong>da</strong> originalur gaawyvetilebaTa miRebis<br />
unarebi, razec qvemoT CamoTvlili kiTxvebi<strong>da</strong>n 1 baliT Sefasebuli<br />
kiTxvebis wili (%) miuTiTebs -1, 3, 17, 20, 22, 23, 30, 32, 45 kiTxvebi.<br />
testis Sedegebis analizi sxva konkretuli mimarTulebebis mixedviTac<br />
SeiZleba moxdes; amasTan gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom idealuri a<strong>da</strong>mianebi ar<br />
arseboben <strong>da</strong> xuTi zemoT gamoyofili Tvisebis sawinaaRmdegod Tvisebebi,<br />
45
kerZod: sifrTxile, pasuxismgebloba, racionaluroba, konservatiuloba <strong>da</strong><br />
taqtikuri ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebisaken midrekileba cud Tvisebebs ar<br />
warmoadgenen. zemoT aRniSnul TvisebaTa Sefasebisas maTi 35-36 procentiani<br />
gamovlena normalurad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.<br />
testi “marTvis efeqtianoba”<br />
1. cdilobT Tu ara Tvens saqmianobaSi gamoiyenoT Tqveni profesiuli<br />
sferos uaxlesi miRwevebi?<br />
2. miiswrafviT Tu ara sxvebTan TanamSromlobisken?<br />
3. mokled, gasagebad <strong>da</strong> zrdilobianad elaparakebiT Tu ara<br />
<strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebs?<br />
4. xsniT xolme Tu ara mizezebs , romlebmac ama Tu im ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis<br />
miReba gaiZules?<br />
5. gendobian Tu ara Tqveni <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebi?<br />
6. uxmobT Tu ara <strong>da</strong>valebis yvela Semsrulebels miznebis, vadebis,<br />
meTodebis, pasuxismgeblobisa <strong>da</strong> sxva sakiTxTa ganxilvisas?<br />
7. axalisebT Tu ara <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebs iniciativas gamoCenisTvis, axali<br />
wina<strong>da</strong>debebisa <strong>da</strong> SeniSvnebis warmodgenisTvis <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
8. gaxsovT Tu ara yvela im a<strong>da</strong>mianis saxeli, romlebTanac xSiri<br />
kontaqtebi gaqvT?<br />
9. aZlevT Tu ara <strong>da</strong>saxuli miznebis misaRwev moqmedebaTa Tavisuflebas<br />
Semsrulebels <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
10. mxolod maSin exmarebiT <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebs, roca isini amas gTxoven?<br />
11. yoveli kargad Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis gamoxatavT Tu ara<br />
madlierebis grZnobas <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa mimarT?<br />
12. akontrolebT Tu ara <strong>da</strong>valebaTa Sesrulebis mimdinareobas?<br />
13. cdilobT Tu ara ipovoT a<strong>da</strong>mianebSi ukeTesi Tvisebebi?<br />
14. iciT Tu ara rogor SeiZleba ufro efeqtianad gamoiyenoT yoveli<br />
<strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulis SesaZleblobebi?<br />
15. iciT Tu ara Tqveni <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebis interesi <strong>da</strong> midrekilebebi?<br />
16. SegiZliaT Tu ara iyoT yuradRebiani msmeneli?<br />
17. uxdiT Tu ara TanamSromels madlobas misi kolegebis Tan<strong>da</strong>swrebiT?<br />
18. eubnebiT Tu ara Tqvens <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebs kritikul SeniSvnebs?<br />
19. aRniSnavT Tu ara Tqveni samsaxuris karg muSaobas, roca Tqvens<br />
xelmZRvanels angariSs an moxsenebiT baraTs udgenT?<br />
20. endobiT Tu ara Tqvens <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebs?<br />
21. cdilobT Tu ara miawodoT Tvqens TanamSromlebs mTeli informacia,<br />
romelsac administraciuli <strong>da</strong> marTviTi arxebiT iRebT?<br />
22. uxsniT Tu ara Tqvens TanamSromlebs, Tu organizaciis miznebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
amocanebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT ra mniSvneloba aqvs maTi Sromis Sedegebs?<br />
23. itovebT Tu ara TqvenTvis <strong>da</strong> utovebT Tu ara <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebs dros<br />
samuSaoTa <strong>da</strong>sagegmad?<br />
46
24. gaqvT Tu ara Tun<strong>da</strong>c sul cota <strong>erTi</strong> wliT adre <strong>da</strong>gegmili Tqveni<br />
TviTganviTarebis gegma?<br />
25. arsebobs Tu ara dRevandel moTxovnaTa Sesabamisi personalis<br />
treningebis gegma?<br />
26. regularulad kiTxulobT Tu ara specialur literaturas?<br />
27. gaqvT Tu ara sakmaod seriozuli biblioTeka Tqveni specialobis<br />
sferoSi?<br />
28. zrunavT Tu ara Tqvens janmrTelobasa <strong>da</strong> Sromis unarianobaze?<br />
29. giyvarT Tu ara rTuli, magram saintereso samuSaoebis Sesruleba?<br />
30. efeqtiania Tu ara Tqveni saubrebi Tqvens <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebTan maTi<br />
muSaobis srulyofis sakiTxebze?<br />
31. iciT Tu ara momuSavis ra Tvisebebs un<strong>da</strong> mieqces gansakuTrebuli<br />
yuradReba mis samuSaoze miRebisas?<br />
32. giWiravT Tu ara distancia <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebTan?<br />
33. mzad xarT Tu ara yovelTvis ganixloT Tqvens <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa<br />
problemebi, SekiTxvebi <strong>da</strong> saCivrebi?<br />
34. pativiscemiTa <strong>da</strong> yuradRebiT epyrobiT Tu ara Tqvens<br />
<strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebs?<br />
35. <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli xarT Tqvens TavSi?<br />
36. kargad iciT Tveni Zlieri <strong>da</strong> susti mxareebi?<br />
37. mmarTvelobiTi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebaTa miRebisas xSirad iyenebT Tu ara<br />
originalur SemoqmedebiT midgomebs?<br />
38. regularulad imaRlebT Tu ara Tqvens kvalifikacias seminarebze,<br />
specialur kursebze <strong>da</strong> a. S.?<br />
39. xarT Tu ara sakm<strong>aris</strong>ad moqnili Tqvens qcevaSi, a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan<br />
urTierTobaSi?<br />
40. mzad xarT Tu ara SecvaloT xelmZRvanelobis Tqveni stili, raTa is<br />
ufro efeqtiani gaxdes?<br />
Sefaseba<br />
<strong>da</strong>iTvaleT ramdenia “ki” <strong>da</strong> “ara” pasuxebi <strong>da</strong> SeafaseT Tqveni Tavi:<br />
• 40 “ki” umaRlesi, idealuri marTviTi potencialis maCvenebelia, radgan<br />
yvela, ormocive kiTxva warmatebuli marTvis kriteriumia. rogorc yvela<br />
ideali, esec praqtikulad miuRwevadia (Tu Tqven ar “ieSmakeT” <strong>da</strong><br />
keTilsindisierad upasuxeT yvela kiTxvas); mniSvnelovania romel kiTxvebze<br />
upasuxeT “ara” –es Tqveni susti adgilebia;<br />
• roca “ki” pasuxTa jami 33-s aWarbebs, es kargi marTviTi potencialis<br />
maCvenebelia.<br />
47
drois marTvis principebi<br />
drois marTvisa <strong>da</strong> racionaluri gamoyenebis arsi <strong>da</strong> mniSvneloba<br />
drois marTva rogorc calke pirovnebis, ise organizaciisaTvis<br />
warmatebuli saqmianobisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saxuli miznebis miRwevis erT<strong>erTi</strong> yvelaze<br />
mTavari iaraRia; yovelTvis un<strong>da</strong> gvaxsovdes, rom dro gansakuTrebuli<br />
fenomenia- dro Seuqcevadia, mas ver <strong>da</strong>vagrovebT, ver SevinaxavT, ver<br />
gavamravlebT, ver SevaCerebT, ver ga<strong>da</strong>vcemT; dro mxolod midis, mas ukan<br />
verasodes <strong>da</strong>vabrunebT; swored amitom un<strong>da</strong> dros gansakuTrebuli<br />
yuradReba <strong>da</strong> faqizi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba, yovelmxriv miTiTebuli <strong>da</strong>gegmva <strong>da</strong><br />
marTva.<br />
Zalze martivi magaliTi – <strong>da</strong>vuSvaT, moxele Tavisi samuSao drois mxolod<br />
10 procents iyenebs aracionalurad <strong>da</strong>, faqtobrivad kargavs mas, rac<br />
realur sinamdvilesTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT sakmaod karg mdgomareoba<strong>da</strong>c ki<br />
SeiZleba CaiTvalos <strong>da</strong> ara mxolod qarTul sinamdvileSi; magram samuSao<br />
drois es <strong>da</strong>karguli 10 procenti kviraSi 4 saaTia, weliwadSi (11 TveSi, anu<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 48 kviraSi) ki -192 saaTi, anu 24 sruli samuSao dRe ; SeiZleba<br />
sakmao albaTobiT <strong>da</strong>vuSvaT, rom <strong>erTi</strong> moxele Tu samuSao drois 10<br />
procents kargavs, es weliwadSi erT Tves uaxlovdeba, xolo saqarTvelos<br />
sajaro samsaxurSi <strong>da</strong>saqmebuli 46 aTasamde momuSavisTvis es <strong>da</strong>nakargi<br />
katastroful cifrs – 1. 1 milion kacs aRwevs, rac <strong>da</strong>axloebiT igivea, rom<br />
TiTqmis 5 aTasi moxele mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi arafers akeTebs. Aaq,<br />
rogorc ityvian, komentari zedmetia <strong>da</strong> naTelia samuSao drois<br />
racionaluri, efeqtiani gamoyenebis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba.<br />
imisaTvis, rom kargad gaverkveT drois marTvis<br />
mniSvnelobisa <strong>da</strong> misi racionalizebis sakiTxebSi, sasurvelia ganvixiloT<br />
cnobili mecnieris , stefan qoveis SemoTavazebuli drois marTvis matrica<br />
drois marTvis matrica<br />
mniSvnelovania<br />
saswrafo moqmedebebi<br />
• krizisuli moqmedebebi<br />
• problemebi, romlebic gvwnexaven<br />
• saqmeebi, romelTa Sesrulebasac<br />
va<strong>da</strong> gasdis<br />
48<br />
Aarasaswrafo moqmedebebi<br />
• raRacis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileba,<br />
gafrTxileba, winaswari zomebis miReba<br />
• a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan urTierTobebis ageba<br />
• axali <strong>amocanebis</strong>, unar-<br />
SesaZleblobebis amocnoba<br />
• <strong>da</strong>gegmva, SemoqmedebiTi muSaoba
aramniSvnelovania<br />
moqmedebebi<br />
• viRaceebma Segawyvetines, <strong>da</strong>rekes<br />
• zogi<strong>erTi</strong> werili, zogi<strong>erTi</strong> angariSi<br />
• zogi<strong>erTi</strong> Sexvedra<br />
• zogi<strong>erTi</strong> problema , romelic gvwnexavs,<br />
“gvaxrCobs”<br />
• zogi<strong>erTi</strong> popularuli, yoveldRiuri<br />
moqmedeba (angariSebi)<br />
49<br />
A<br />
moqmedebebi<br />
• yoveldRiuri monotonuri<br />
samuSao<br />
• zogi<strong>erTi</strong> werili<br />
• zogi<strong>erTi</strong> satelefono zari<br />
• drois gamflangveli<br />
moqmedebebi<br />
• zogi<strong>erTi</strong> sasiamovno moqmedeba<br />
rogorc vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, Cven dros vmarTavT oTxi<strong>da</strong>n erT<strong>erTi</strong> gziT: vasrulebT an<br />
saswrafo <strong>da</strong> mniSvnelovan, an arasaswrafo <strong>da</strong> mniSvnelovan, an saswrafo <strong>da</strong><br />
aramniSvnelovan , an<strong>da</strong> arasaswrafo <strong>da</strong> aramniSvnelovan samuSaoebs<br />
saswrafo moqmedebebi iseTebia, romlebic saswrafo reagirebas moiTxoven,<br />
e.i. axlave; isini moqmedeben Cvenze, mag: a<strong>da</strong>mianTa umravlesobas ar SeuZlia<br />
ar aiRos telefonis yurmili; saswrafo, ga<strong>da</strong>udebeli saqmeebi Cveulebriv,<br />
xilulia, Cven winaa, xSirad sasiamovno <strong>da</strong> advilia maTi Sesruleba, magram<br />
aseve xSirad isini aramniSvnelovanni arian; mniSvnelovani ki is saqmeebia,<br />
romlebic Sromis Sedegebs, Cvens misias, faseulobebs <strong>da</strong> priotitetul<br />
miznebs ukavSirdeba.<br />
pirvel kvadratSi orivea – saswrafo <strong>da</strong> mniSvnelovani saqmeebic; am<br />
kvadratis moqmedebebs xSirad krizisuls an problemurs vuwodebT;<br />
metnaklebad yvelani varT xolme pirvel kvadratSi –erT problemas rom<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>vwyvetT, meore warmoiSveba <strong>da</strong> ase “avardna-CavardnaSi” varT; zogs es<br />
yoveldRiuri problemebi <strong>da</strong>bla scemen, maTi Svebaa mimarTon meoTxe<br />
kvadratis arasaswrafo aqtivobebs; drois did nawils (<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 90<br />
procenti) isini pirvel kvadratSi atareben, <strong>da</strong>narCens-meoTxeSi <strong>da</strong> TiTqmis<br />
ar uTmoben yuradRebas meore <strong>da</strong> mesame kvadratebs; aseTi xalxi krizisuli<br />
cxovrebiT cxovrobs – stresebiT, iwvis, mudmivad krizisul <strong>da</strong> problemur<br />
viTarebaSia.<br />
Aarian sxva momuSaveebi, romlebic did dros xarjaven mesame kvadratis<br />
saswrafo, magram aramniSvnelovan aqtivobebze <strong>da</strong> Tan hgoniaT, rom pirvel
kvadratSi arian <strong>da</strong> saswrafosTan erTad mniSvnelovan saqmeebsac akeTeben;<br />
realoba ki isaa, rom am saqmeebis swrafad ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta sxvaTa<br />
prioritetebiTa <strong>da</strong> karnaxiTaa ganpirobebuli; amis Sedegebia: yuradRebis<br />
moklevadiani fokusireba, krizisuli situaciebi, miznebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>amocanebis</strong>Tvis naklebi mniSvnelobis miniWeba, sakuTari Tavis<br />
ukontroloba, ze<strong>da</strong>piruli <strong>da</strong> aramyari urTierTobebi.<br />
isini, romlebic ZiriTad dros mesame <strong>da</strong> meoTxe kvadratebis moqmedebebze<br />
xarjaven, upasuxismgeblod cxovroben, aramniSvnelovan <strong>da</strong> arasaswrafo<br />
saqmeebiT arian <strong>da</strong>kavebulni; amis Sedegebia: sruli upasuxismgebloba,<br />
sxvebze <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba, <strong>da</strong>valebis Seusrulebloba <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
efeqtianad, sworad momuSaveni cdiloben mesame <strong>da</strong> meoTxe kvadratebs gareT<br />
<strong>da</strong>rCnen, radgan saswrafoa Tu ara, es saqmeebi araa mniSvnelovani; isini,<br />
agreTve, amcireben pirvel kvadratSi yofnis dros, raTa meti dro <strong>da</strong>xarjon<br />
meore kvadratSi.<br />
swored meore kvadratia sakuTari Tavis efeqtiani marTvis guli; es exeba<br />
saqmeebs, romlebic araa saswrafo, magram mniSvnelovania; aseTebia:<br />
urTierTobebis <strong>da</strong>myareba, <strong>da</strong>valebebis gansazRvra, perspeqtiuli <strong>da</strong>gegmva,<br />
Semowmeba, momzadeba; es is saqmeebia, romlebic viciT, rom aucileblad<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gavakeToT, magram iSviaTad vakeTebT, radgan ar arian saswrafoni.<br />
Eefeqtianad moqmedi momuSaveni problemebze ar arian orientirebulebi,<br />
isini orientirebulni arian SesaZleblobebze, maTgan gamodian <strong>da</strong> Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
icileben problemebs; isini profilaqtikurad, problemebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
acilebis midgomiT fiqroben <strong>da</strong> moqmedeben; ase rom, un<strong>da</strong> vimuSaoT meore<br />
kvadratSi, radgan pirveli <strong>da</strong> mesame kvadratebi “Cvenze muSaoben”,<br />
gvwnexaven; un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>veTanxmoT meore kvadratis prioritetebs <strong>da</strong> viswavloT<br />
vTqvaT “ara” sxva saqmianobebeze, zogjer <strong>da</strong> nawilobriv – saswrafo<br />
saqmeebzec ki <strong>da</strong> maSinac, roca sxvebi <strong>da</strong> garemoebebi Cveni drois xelyofas<br />
cdiloben. E<br />
xelmRvanelTa muSaobis efeqtianobis erT<strong>erTi</strong> mTavari maCvenebelia <strong>da</strong>saxul<br />
amocanaTa ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetisas droSi winswreba. Aaranormaluria, roca guSindel<br />
saqmes dRes vakeTebT, normaluria, roca dRes dRevandeli saqme keTdeba,<br />
gansakuTrebiT kargia, roca dRes saxvalio saqmes vakeTebT <strong>da</strong> win<br />
viyurebiT. samwuxarod, Zalze bevr <strong>organizacia</strong>Si marTvis maRal safexurze<br />
mdgari xelmZRvaneli bevr dros xarjavs operatiuli problemebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetaze. is, rac karga xniT adre un<strong>da</strong> gagvekeTebina, imis gamo, rom ar<br />
gavakeTeT, operatiuli ga<strong>da</strong>sawyveti gax<strong>da</strong>; dRes ki, roca did dros<br />
vandomebT am operatiul amocanaTa ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetas <strong>da</strong> ar vfiqrobT<br />
perspeqtiul problemebze, dro rom mova, isinic operatiulad ga<strong>da</strong>sawyveti<br />
xdeba. Aase ikvreba Sromis cudi organizaciis gamo naklovanebaTa wre,<br />
Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan Cvevad iqceva muSaobis mankieri stili.<br />
xelmRvanelma, rasakvirvelia, un<strong>da</strong> icodes <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebul safexurebze<br />
yvela uwesrigobaTa Sesaxeb, magram misi Careva aucilebelia mxolod maSin,<br />
roca <strong>da</strong>rRvevebi <strong>da</strong> naklovanebebi sistemad iqceva <strong>da</strong> qvemdgom rgolebs ar<br />
ZaluZT maTi aRmofxvra. aseT SemTxvevaSic ki zemdgomma rgolma ar un<strong>da</strong><br />
Sewyvitos perspeqtiul mimarTulebebze muSaoba.<br />
Sromis pirobebis srulyofa<br />
50
samuSao drois racionaluri gamoyenebisa <strong>da</strong>, saerTod, muSaobis<br />
efeqtianobis amaRlebis mniSvnelovani pirobaa <strong>organizacia</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> mis<br />
struqturul qve<strong>da</strong>nayofebSi Sromis normaluri pirobebisa <strong>da</strong> Sromisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>svenebis racionaluri ganwesis <strong>da</strong>mkvidreba.<br />
Sroma normalur, keTilsasurvel pirobebSi un<strong>da</strong> mimdinareobdes, xolo<br />
samuSao adgilebis organizeba (<strong>da</strong>gegmareba, aRWurva) maqsimalurad un<strong>da</strong><br />
iTvalisiwnebdes mecnierebisa <strong>da</strong> praqtikis Tanamedrove miRwevebs. Sromis<br />
normaluri pirobebi <strong>da</strong> samuSao adgilebis racionaluri organizeba<br />
arsebiTad uwyobs xels <strong>da</strong>Rlilobis Semcirebas, drois <strong>da</strong>zogvas,<br />
koncentrirebul <strong>da</strong> intensiur muSaobas, Sromisunarianobis amaRlebas,<br />
sabolood, Sromis efeqtianobis zr<strong>da</strong>s.<br />
samuSao adgilebis organizebisa <strong>da</strong> Sromis pirobebis srulyofis ZiriTadi<br />
amocanebia muSaobis procesSi aucilebeli komfortis Seqmna, samuSao<br />
avejisa <strong>da</strong> samuSao adgilebis racionaluri gabaritebis, konstruqciisa <strong>da</strong><br />
formis yvela saWiro sagniT uzrunvelyofa, xelebiT misaRwevi optimaluri<br />
zonis <strong>da</strong>cva, samuSao adgilebis <strong>da</strong>gegmarebisa <strong>da</strong> maTi parametrebis<br />
gansazRvrisas momuSaveTa anTropometruli <strong>da</strong> fsiqofiziologiuri<br />
Taviseburebis gaTvaliswineba, samuSao zonaSi ganlagebuli sagnebis kargi<br />
xedva, advili miRwevadoba, Sromis pirobebis ganmsazRvrel faqtorTa<br />
optimalur doneze SenarCuneba <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />
Sromis efeqtianobasa <strong>da</strong> drois racionalur gamoyenebaze mniSvnelovan<br />
gavlenas axdens Sromis optimaluri garemo pirobebis (sanitarulhigienuri<br />
<strong>da</strong> socialur-fsiqologiuri pirobebis) uzrunvelyofa.<br />
Uupiratesad gonebrivi SromiTi <strong>da</strong>kavebuli momuSaveebi mTeli informaciis<br />
80-90 procents mxedvelobis saSualebiT iReben; amitom gansakuTrebuli<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs maTi samuSao adgilis racionalur ganaTebas. ganaTebis<br />
done, upirvelesad, TviT Sesasrulebeli samuSaos xasiaTzea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli ;<br />
rac zustia mxedvelobis TvalsazrisiT samuSao, ganaTebis miT maRali<br />
donea saWiro. sazogadod miRebulia, rom samuSao ze<strong>da</strong>piris ganaTebis done<br />
(saerTo ganaTeba) luminescenciuri naTurebis gamoyenebisas 300 luqsze<br />
naklebi ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos, xolo varvarebis naTurebis gamoyenebisas – 150<br />
luqsze naklebi. zusti samuSaoebis Sesrulebisas saerTo ganaTebasTan<br />
erTad, roca sinaTlis wyaro mTel oTaxs anaTebs, adgilobrivi (samuSao<br />
adgilis) ganaTebac un<strong>da</strong> gamoviyenoT.<br />
momuSaveTa Sromisunarianobis maRal doneze SesanarCuneblad didi<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs haeris normaluri temperaturisa <strong>da</strong> SefardebiTi<br />
tenianobis uzrunvelyofas; maTi reglamentireba specialuri sanitaruli<br />
normebiT xdeba. gonebrivi Sromisas, roca met-naklebad seriozul fizikur<br />
<strong>da</strong>Zabulobas adgili ara aqvs, haeris normalur temperaturad 18-20<br />
gradusi iTvleba, xolo tenianobad – ara umetes 60 procentisa. zafxulis<br />
TveebSi, roca SenobaSic ki temperatura 30 graduss aWarbebs, didi<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs saventiliacio <strong>da</strong> haeris kondicirebis <strong>da</strong>nadgarebis<br />
gamoyenebas.<br />
samuSao drois racionaluri gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong> Sromis efeqtianoba metad<br />
mniSvnelovna<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianis Sromisisunarianobaze. Aa<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
muSaobisunarianoba, marTalia, individualuri TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdeba,<br />
magram arsebobs yvelasaTvis saerTo kanonzomierebebi, romlebic nebismier<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mians axasiaTebs <strong>da</strong> mravali saxis fsiqologiuri, Sromis Sedegobrivi<br />
Tu sxva maCveneblebiT <strong>da</strong>sturdeba<br />
51
un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyos samuSao dRis ganmavlobaSi a<strong>da</strong>mianis Sromisunarianobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli sami periodi, kerZod:<br />
1. muSaobis tempSi Sesvlis periodi, romelic samuSaos <strong>da</strong>wyebis pirveli<br />
etapia <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 30-60 wuTs grZeldeba; am dros a<strong>da</strong>miani <strong>da</strong> misi<br />
fsiqofiziologiuri, SromiTi potencia Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT Sedis muSaobis<br />
tempSi, radgan xangrZlivi Sesvenebis gamo samuSaos SesrulebasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli pirobiT-refleqsuri kavSirebis warmoSobas gansazRvruli<br />
dro sWirdeba. muSaobis tempSi Sesvlis periodSi Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan umjobesdeba<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis rogorc fiziologiuri (fizikuri), ise fsiqikuri (mag. yuradRebis<br />
koncentrireba, azrovnebis siswrafe, gareSe gamaRizianeblebze reagireba)<br />
<strong>da</strong> SromiTi maCveneblebi<br />
2. amis Semdeg iwyeba maRali <strong>da</strong> myari Sromisunarianobis periodi, roca<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis fsiqofiziologiuri <strong>da</strong> SromiTi maCveneblebi TavianT saukeTeso<br />
dones aRweven; es periodi <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 1.5-2 saaTs grZeldeba;<br />
3. <strong>da</strong>bali Sromisunarianobis periodi, romelic muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT sami saaTis Semdeg iwyebs gamovlenas, gansakuTrebiT TvalSi<br />
sacemi ki samuSao dRis bolos saaTebSi xdeba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>Rlilobis procesis<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebiTaa ganpirobebuli; am dros Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan uaresdeba a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
organizmis qmedunarianobisa Tu mis saqmianobis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli<br />
maCveneblebi.<br />
Uun<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom samuSao dRis meore naxevarSi (Sesvenebis Semdeg)<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis Sromisunarianobis dinamika imave kanonzomierebebiT xasiaTdeba,<br />
riTac dRis pirvel naxevarSi, oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom dRis meore<br />
naxevarSi miRweuli Sromisunarianobis maqsimaluri done CamorCeba dRis<br />
pirveli naxevris analogiur maCvenebels, xolo samuSao dRis bolos es<br />
maCveneblebi yvelaze uaresia, maT Soris, dRis pirveli naxevris bolos, anu<br />
Sesvenebis wina periodis maCveneblebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT.<br />
testi : samuSo drois gamoyenebis Sesaxeb<br />
upasuxeT qvemoT CamoTvlil kiTxvebs; <strong>da</strong>debiTi pasuxi (“k”) SeafaseT 2<br />
baliT, pasuxi “zogjer” – 1 baliT, xolo uaryofiTi pasuxi (“ara”) -0<br />
baliT.<br />
1. winaswar gegmavT Tu ara momavali kviris saqmeebs?<br />
2. sakm<strong>aris</strong>ia Tu ara Tqven<strong>da</strong>mi <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa raodenoba <strong>da</strong>saxul<br />
amocanaTa ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad?<br />
3. winaswar gegmavT Tu ara <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa Soris samuSaos<br />
ganawilebas?<br />
4. ritmulad muSaoben Tu ara Tqveni <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebi?<br />
5. sakm<strong>aris</strong>ad kompetenturni <strong>da</strong> momzadebulebi arian Tu ara Tqveni<br />
<strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebi?<br />
6. momzadebulia Tu ara Tqveni TanaSemwe rTul problemaTa<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad?<br />
7. cdilobT Tu ara, rac SeiZleba SeamciroT Tqven mier Catarebuli<br />
TaTbirebis raodenoba?<br />
8. gyavT Tu ara TanaSemwe, romelsac SeuZlia saWiro dros SegcvaloT?<br />
52
9. sakm<strong>aris</strong>ad gaqvT Tu ara efeqtiani muSoabis teqnikuri TaTbirebis<br />
raodenoba?<br />
10. ixmarT Tu ara Tqvens mdivans saqmiani Sexvedrebis <strong>da</strong>saniSnad?<br />
11. TviT Tqveni mdivani niSnavs Tu ara Tqvens saqmian Sexvedrebs?<br />
12. icis Tu ara mdivanma vin SeiZleba pir<strong>da</strong>pir <strong>da</strong> uSualod<br />
<strong>da</strong>gakavSiroT Tqven?<br />
13. winaswar amzadebT Tu ara <strong>da</strong>valebebs mdivnisTvis, raTa man droulad<br />
Seasrulos isini?<br />
14. sargeblobT Tu ara diqtofoniT?<br />
15. sakmaod naTel amocanebs usaxavT Tu ara <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebs?<br />
16. SeuZliaT Tu ara <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebs konsultirebis aucileblobisas<br />
umtkivneulod, advilad <strong>da</strong>gikavSirdnen Tqven?<br />
17. punqtualuri xarT Tu ara samsaxurebriv saqmeebSi?<br />
18. iwyebT Tu ara Tvens samuSao dRes ga<strong>da</strong>udebeli saqmeebis keTebiT?<br />
19. axerxebT Tu ara SeisvenoT xolme muSaobis procesSi, erTgvarad<br />
modundeT, ganitvirToT?<br />
20. yovelTvis axerxebT Tu ara operatiulad miiRoT ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba?<br />
21. ebrZviT Tu ara <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa usaqmurobis faqtebs?<br />
22. obieqturad afasebT Tu ara <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulTa muSaobis efeqtianobas?<br />
23. iciT Tu ara ra kriteriumebiT afaseben <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulebi Tqveni<br />
saqmianobis efeqtinobas?<br />
24. afasebT Tu ara ramdenad iyenebT Tqvens samuSao dros?<br />
25. axdenT Tu ara Tqveni samuSao drois perspeqtiul <strong>da</strong>gegmvas?<br />
Sefaseba:<br />
45 balze met – SesaniSnavi Sedegia, Tven Zalze kargad marTavT dros;<br />
26-45 bali – Tqven <strong>da</strong>makmayofileblad iyenebT Tqvens SesaZleblobebs;<br />
26 balze naklebi – Tqven ki ar marTavT dros, aramed dro gmarTavT Tqven<br />
<strong>da</strong> aucilebelia SecvaloT muSaobis stili.<br />
TanamSromelTa uflebebi <strong>da</strong> disciplina<br />
A am TavSi Cven ganvixilavT TanamSromelTa uflebebs, samuSao adgilis<br />
Taviseburebebsa <strong>da</strong> TanamSromelTa disciplinas. xelmZRvanelebi aRniSnaven,<br />
rom es Temebi mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens rogorc TanamSromlebis, ise<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebis saqmianobaze. robert j. dini, <strong>da</strong>saqmebis iuristi, acxadebs,<br />
rom TanamSromelTa uflebebi <strong>da</strong> samuSao adgilis Taviseburebani “isev<br />
<strong>da</strong>rCeba SromiTi samarTlis aqtualur Temebad oc<strong>da</strong>meerTe saukuneSi”.<br />
xelmZRvanelebi amCneven, rom ufleba disciplinisa <strong>da</strong> TanamSromelTa<br />
samsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>Txovnis Sesaxeb, romelic xelmZRvanelobis tradiciul<br />
valdebulebas warmoadgens, ufro rTuli gansaxorcielebeli xdeba,<br />
radganac TanamSromelTa uflebebs ufro <strong>da</strong> ufro meti yuradReba eqceva.<br />
53
ufro metic, TanamSromelTa disciplinireba metad rTuli <strong>da</strong> usiamovno<br />
amocanaa menejerTa <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelTa umetesobisTvis; bevri maTgani<br />
acxadebs, rom TanamSromlis winaaRmdeg <strong>da</strong>sjis qmedebis ganxorcieleba<br />
yvelaze stresuli valdebulebaa, rasac isini asruleben. TanamSromelTa<br />
uflebebisa <strong>da</strong> disciplinis balansireba ar <strong>aris</strong> advili, magram es <strong>aris</strong><br />
kargi menejmentis sayovelTao moTxovna <strong>da</strong> mniSvnelovani aspeqti.<br />
radganac TanamSromelTa uflebebis sakiTxebis zr<strong>da</strong>m gamoiwvia<br />
TanamSromelTa mier Setanil sarCelTa ricxvis zr<strong>da</strong>, Cven am TavSi aseve<br />
ganvixilavT alternatiuli <strong>da</strong>vebis mogvarebas, rogorc saSualebas<br />
organizaciuli samarTlis <strong>da</strong>saxmareblad. radganac disciplinaruli<br />
qmedebebi gamowveulia problemebiT <strong>da</strong> SesaZloa gauqmdes samTavrobo<br />
uwyebebis an sasamarTloebis mier, xelmZRvanelobam un<strong>da</strong> SeimuSaos<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi RonisZieba aseTi qmedebis saWiroebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad. roca<br />
SeuZlebelia disciplinaruli RonisZiebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileba, es qmedeba un<strong>da</strong><br />
ganxorcieldes kargad SemuSavebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis politikisa <strong>da</strong><br />
praqtikis Sesabamisad. radganac eTika organizaciuli samarTlis<br />
mniSvnelovan elements warmoadgens, es Tavi Seicavs TanamSromelTa<br />
urTierTobebSi organizaciuli eTikis ganxilvasac.<br />
organizaciuli disciplinis ganxilvis dros individualuri <strong>da</strong><br />
organizaciuli miznebis <strong>misaRwevad</strong> rCevis micemas specialuri yuradReba<br />
eqceva. Cven aseve ganvixilavT rCeva-<strong>da</strong>rigebis micemis miznebsa <strong>da</strong> xerxebs am<br />
Tavis <strong>da</strong>narTSi.<br />
TanamSromelTa uflebebi <strong>da</strong> Taviseburebani<br />
M mravali antidiskriminaciuli kanoni, xelfasi <strong>da</strong> saaTobrivi statusi,<br />
usafrTxoeba <strong>da</strong> jan<strong>da</strong>cvis kanonmdeblobiTi aqti uzrunvelyofs<br />
TanamSromelTa ZiriTad uflebebs <strong>da</strong> muSaobis gaumjobesebas.<br />
TanamSromelTa uflebebis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong>va exeba iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa<br />
TanamSromelTa uflebebi usamarTlo disciplinaruli qmedebis winaaRmdeg,<br />
genetikuri analizis Catarebis Sesaxeb, maTi piradi saqmeebis<br />
xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb, <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis <strong>da</strong>kvirvebebisa <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobis,<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis mier <strong>da</strong>sjis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis Sesaxeb.<br />
TanamSromelTa uflebebisadmi yuradRebis miqceva socialur, SromiT<br />
<strong>da</strong> biznesinteresTa evoluciis bunebrivi Sedegia. TanamSromelTa uflebebi<br />
SeiZleba ganimartos, rogorc samarTliani mopyrobis garantia, rasac<br />
TanamSromlebi moelian TavianTi SromiTi statusis <strong>da</strong>cvis dros. Ees<br />
molodini ga<strong>da</strong>iqceva uflebebad, roca isini mieniWeba TanamSromlebs<br />
sasamarTloebis, kanonmdeblobis an <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis mier. TanamSromelTa<br />
uflebebSi xSirad igulisxmeba <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis mier <strong>da</strong>saqmebulis<br />
konfidencialuri uflebis xelyofa. magaliTad, muSakebma SeiZleba<br />
CaTvalon, rom maT aqvT gasaidumloebis saTanado molidini maT pirad<br />
satelefono saubrebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, romlebic ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> samsaxuris<br />
telefoni<strong>da</strong>n, samsaxurSi sxva <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebTan elfostiT miwerili<br />
werilebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, an xelmZRvanelobis mier maTi piradi sakuTrebis<br />
SemTxveviTi gamokvlevebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad. Tumca Tu <strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli<br />
eubneba TanamSromels, rom maT ar aqvT gasaidumloebis ufleba samsaxurSi,<br />
albaT asea. erT-<strong>erTi</strong> uflebamosili komentatori ambobs, rom “roca<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi garkveviT acxadeben, rom gasaidumloebis molodini ar<br />
arsebobs, Znelia <strong>da</strong>amtkico, rom gonier a<strong>da</strong>mians SeiZleba hqondes aseTi<br />
54
molodini”. amasTanave, gansxvaveba <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis gasaidumloebis kanonier<br />
uflebasa <strong>da</strong> gasaidumloebis moralur an pirad uflebas Soris yovelTvis<br />
ar <strong>aris</strong> garkveuli. gaurkvevlobas iwvevs konfidencialurobis <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
sayovelTao <strong>da</strong> mudmivi organoebis, kanonebis an sasamarTlos<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis simcire. ar arsebobs zogadi federaluri an saxelmwifo<br />
kanonebi, romlebic icaven yvela TanamSromlis konfidencialurobas<br />
samsaxurSi.<br />
TanamSromelTa uflebebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis valdebulebebi<br />
B TanamSromlis balansirebuli uflebebis Tanaxmad <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis<br />
movaleobaa uzrunvelyos usafrTxo samuSao garemo TanamSromlebisTvis,<br />
maSin roca momxmareblebs uzrunvelyofs usafrTxo, x<strong>aris</strong>xiani saqonliTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> momsaxurebiT.Nnarkotikebis momxmarebelma TanamSromelma SeiZleba<br />
gamoiyenos misi konfidencialuri ufleba <strong>da</strong> uari Tqvas testis Catarebaze.<br />
Mmagram aseTma TanamSromelma, narkotikis miRebis gamo, SeiZleba nakliani<br />
produqti <strong>da</strong>amzados, <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli SeiZleba gaxdes pasuxismgebeli am<br />
produqtiT miyenebuli zianisTvis. D<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebma didi yuradReba un<strong>da</strong><br />
gamoiCinon TanamSromelTa <strong>da</strong>qiravebis, treningisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>niSvnis dros.<br />
TanamSromelTa uflebebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis valdebulebebi SeiZleba<br />
erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegebodes. <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelTa mier TanamSromelTa uflebebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>ucvelobam SeiZleba gamoiwvios saCivrebi, organizaciis reputaciis<br />
Selaxva <strong>da</strong> TanamSromlis moralis Seryeva.Mmagram TanamSromelTa<br />
usafrTxoebisa <strong>da</strong> keTildReobis, momxmarebelTa interesebis <strong>da</strong>ucvelobam<br />
SeiZleba gamoiwvios <strong>da</strong>va orive mxri<strong>da</strong>n. TanamSromelTa sarCeli<br />
uyuradRebo <strong>da</strong>qiravebis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelTa seriozuli zrunvis sagani<br />
gax<strong>da</strong>.<br />
uyuradRebo <strong>da</strong>qiraveba<br />
kanonSi gulgriloba gansazRvrulia, rogorc didi uyuradRebobis<br />
gamoCena, roca es zians ayenebs sxva a<strong>da</strong>mians. Ggulgrili <strong>da</strong>qiraveba <strong>aris</strong><br />
samarTlebrivi dogma, romelic <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels akisrebs pasuxismgeblobas misi<br />
TanamSromlebis moqmedebebze maTi muSaobis periodSi. <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebisTvis<br />
arsebobs zogadi valdebuleba gamoiCinon goniereba <strong>da</strong> yuradReba, raTa<br />
TanamSromlebma ganzrax ar miayenon ziani sxva TanamSromlebs muSaobis<br />
periodSi.<br />
samwuxarod, roca <strong>erTi</strong> TanamSromeli Caidens sastik moqmedebas sxva<br />
TanamSromlis mimarT an TanamSromeli ganzrax Seuracxyofs sxva<br />
TanamSromels elfostis saSualebiT samsaxurSi, <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels SeiZleba<br />
wauyenon sarCeli TanamSromlis uyuradRebod <strong>da</strong>qiravebis gamo. radganac<br />
mravali a<strong>da</strong>miani Tvlis uyuradRebo <strong>da</strong>qiravebis sasamarTlo procesebs,<br />
rogorc “<strong>da</strong>Wera 22-s” <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebisTvis (rogor SeuZliaT <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs<br />
winaswar gansazRvron TanamSromelTa momavali moqmedeba), es aiZulebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs <strong>da</strong>matebiTi yuradReba gamoiCinon samuSao Zalis<br />
<strong>da</strong>kompleqtebasa <strong>da</strong> menejmentSi. Aam Tavis momdevno nawilSi ganvixilavT<br />
uflebebs, romlebsac TanamSromlebi moelian <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebisgan.<br />
samuSao adgilis <strong>da</strong>cvis uflebebi<br />
55
unebrivia, rom TanamSromlebi TavianT samuSaos miiCneven kuTvnil<br />
uflebad – uflebad, romelic umizezod ar un<strong>da</strong> gauqmdes. samsaxuris<br />
Sovnis SesaZleblobis gareSe Cveni piradi keTildReoba metad SezRuduli<br />
iqneba. aseTma msjelobam migviyvana im azramde, rom aucilebelia arsebobdes<br />
oTxi kanonieri moTxovna samuSaos usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb: Tavisufali<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebis principi, kontraqtis cneba, konstruqciuli ganTavisufleba <strong>da</strong><br />
sawarmos <strong>da</strong>xurvis Setyobineba.<br />
kargad un<strong>da</strong> gavacnobieroT, rom Tumca TanamSromlebs SeiZleba<br />
hqondeT mizezi, rom samuSao miiCnion <strong>da</strong>dgenil uflebad, ar arsebobs<br />
samarTlebrivi <strong>da</strong>cva, romelic uzrunvelyofs TanamSromels mudmivi an<br />
xangrZlivi samsaxuriT. Aamerikis SeerTebuli Statebis konstitucia ar<br />
iZleva garantias, rom samsaxuri Sedodes TanamSromelTa specialur<br />
sakuTrebaTa uflebebSi. Aamas gar<strong>da</strong>, samsaxuris cneba, rogorc sakuTrebis<br />
ufleba, avaldebulebs xelmZRvanelobas imoqmedos samarTlianad <strong>da</strong><br />
Tanasworad yvela TanamSromelTan. TanamSromlebs namdvilad aqvT ufleba<br />
hqondeT jansaRi <strong>da</strong>saqmebis molidini <strong>da</strong> survili moeqcnen maT, rogorc<br />
Rirseul pirovnebebs.<br />
Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmeba<br />
D <strong>da</strong>saqmebis urTierTobebi tradiciulad mohyva Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmebis<br />
saerTo kanonis moZRvrebas. Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmebis principi iTvaliswinebs,<br />
rom TanamSromels aqvs ufleba gawyvitosDSromiTi kavSiri ukeTesi<br />
samsaxuris perspeqtivis SemTxvevaSi an sxva piradi mizezebiT.Aaseve<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebelsac SeuZlia nebismier dros SewyvitosDSromiTi kavSiri<br />
Setyobinebis gareSe raime mizezis gamo, an umizezod, an Tun<strong>da</strong>c<br />
arasaTanado mizeziT. Aamgvarad, amboben, rom TanamSromlebis muSaoba<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis “survilze”.<br />
Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmebis kavSiri iqmneba, roca TanamSromeli Tanxmdeba<br />
imuSaos <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblisTvis ganusazRvreli vadiT. radganac <strong>da</strong>saqmeba<br />
ganusazRvreli xangrZlivobisaa, praqtikulad is SeiZleba Sewydes<br />
nebismieri mx<strong>aris</strong> surviliT. Ees Tavisufleba gulisxmobs xelmZRvanelobis<br />
uflebas calmxrivad gansazRvros samuSao pirobebi <strong>da</strong> miiRos piradi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebi. 1908 wels aSS-Si uzenaesi sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelob<strong>da</strong><br />
Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmebis moZRvrebiT, <strong>da</strong> es principi isev rCeba ZiriTad wesad,<br />
romelic marTavs kerZo seqtoris <strong>da</strong>saqmebis urTierTobebs.<br />
saxelmwifo seqtoris TanamSromlebs aqvT <strong>da</strong>saqmebis uflebebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiTi konstituciuri <strong>da</strong>cva konstituciaSi Setanili mexuTe <strong>da</strong><br />
meToTxmete cvlilebebis Tanaxmad. mexuTe cvlileba exeba federalur<br />
saxelmwifo mosamsaxureebs, xolo meToTxmete cvlileba – TanamSromlebs,<br />
romlebic muSaoben saxelmwifosTvis, qveynisTvis an adgilobrivi<br />
mmarTvelobebisTvis. Oorive cvlileba moqmedebs, rom SezRudos meTodebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> mizezebi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes TanamSromlis <strong>da</strong>sjis an<br />
ganTavisuflebisTvis saxelmwifo seqtorSi. mexuTe cvlilebis pirobebi<br />
(iseve rogorc meToTxmete cvlileba), romlebic krZalavs cxovrebis,<br />
Tavisuflebisa <strong>da</strong> sakuTrebis xelyofas Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi procesis<br />
gareSe, uzrunvelyofs mTavar konstituciur <strong>da</strong>cvas saxelmwifo seqtorSi<br />
momuSave moxeleebisTvis. maSin, roca es garantiebi exeba saxelmwifo<br />
seqtorSi momuSave TanamSromlebs, am cvlilebebis SromiTi uflebebi<br />
gavlenas axdens kerZo seqtoris sasamarTlo ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebze.<br />
56
Asamsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n usamarTlod ganTavisufleba<br />
A amerikaSi samuSao Zalis statistika, romelic <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia<br />
arbitraJis mier ganTavisuflebaze Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmebis moZRvrebis<br />
Tanaxmad, meryeobs 55 milioni<strong>da</strong>n 65 milion TanamSromlamde. yovel wels<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 2 milion muSaks aTavisufleben. TanamSromelTa usamarTlo<br />
ganTavisufleba meryeobs 50.000-<strong>da</strong>n 200.000-mde weliwadSi. Aam bolo wlebis<br />
manZilze am TanamSromelTa mniSvnelovanma ricxvma uCivla maT yofil<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs “araswori an usamarTlo ganTavisuflebisTvis”.<br />
usamarTlod ganTavisuflebis sarCelis mniSvneloba imaSi<br />
mdgomareobs, rom isini, Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmebis cnebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />
kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayeneben <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis uflebas, calmxrivad<br />
gaaTavisuflos TanamSromlebi. Mmravali saxelmwifo sasamarTlo axla<br />
aRiarebs Semdeg sam mniSvnelovan gamonakliss Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmebis<br />
moZRvrebisTvis:<br />
1. sajaro politikis <strong>da</strong>rRveva. Ees gamonaklisi xdeba im SemTxvevebSi,<br />
roca TanamSromeli ganTavisuflebulia <strong>da</strong>naSaulis Cadenis<br />
uaryofisTvis; samTavrobo xelisuflebisTvis kriminaluri saqmianobis<br />
Sesaxeb SetyobinebisTvis; an SromiTi uflebebis gamoyenebisTvis.<br />
(sajaro politikis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis magaliTebisTvis ix. sqema 13.1).<br />
2. KSemoTavazebuli kontraqti. Ees gamonaklisi xdeba, roca<br />
TanamSromlebs aTavisufleben samuSaos <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb ufrosis<br />
<strong>da</strong>pirebis (gamoxatuli an nagulisxmevi) miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, an<br />
ganTavisuflebis <strong>da</strong>dgenili pirobebis sawinaaRmdegod. <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis<br />
zepiri an werilobiTi gancxadebebi SeiZleba Seicavdes kontraqtul<br />
valdebulebas, Tu isini <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia TanamSromlebTan <strong>da</strong><br />
TanamSromlebi endobian maT, rogorc samuSao pirobebs.<br />
3. SemoTavazebuli SeTanxmeba (xelSekruleba). Ees gamonaklisi xdeba,<br />
roca naklebad sando <strong>da</strong> samarTliania <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis mier<br />
SemoTavazebuli garigeba. zianis miyenebiT gamarTlebis gareSeE<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli arRvevs SeTanxmebas. ganTavisuflebuli TanamSromlebi<br />
ganicdian stress an difamacias.<br />
amJamad konfliqti <strong>da</strong> gaurkvevloba <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelTa tradiciul<br />
uflebebsa (sakuTari survilisamebr Sewyvitos SromiTi kavSiri) <strong>da</strong><br />
TanamSromelTa uflebas (<strong>da</strong>icvas Tavi usamarTlod ganTavisuflebisgan)<br />
Soris jer kidev ar <strong>aris</strong> mogvarebuli. sakuTari Tavis <strong>da</strong>sacavad<br />
usamarTlod ganTavisuflebisa <strong>da</strong> didi jarimisgan, romelic zogjer 1<br />
milion dolars aRemateba, a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis specialistebi<br />
gvTavazoben Semdeg wina<strong>da</strong>debebs, romlebic mocemulia sqemaze 13.2.<br />
<strong>da</strong>bezReba<br />
D<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebma un<strong>da</strong> gamoiCinon yuradReba, rom ar <strong>da</strong>sajon an<br />
gaanTavisuflon is TanamSromlebi, romlebic samTavrobo uwyebebs<br />
atyobineben saerTo <strong>da</strong>rRvevebis Sesaxeb. A<strong>da</strong>bezReba ara mxolod<br />
TanamSromlis <strong>da</strong>culi uflebaa, aramed es SemTxvevebi iwvevs<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebelTa gaRizianebas, rom araferi vTqvaT im didi jarimebis<br />
Sesaxeb, risi ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>c uwevT <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs <strong>da</strong>mnaSaved cnobis<br />
57
SemTxvevaSi. erT-<strong>erTi</strong> <strong>da</strong>bezRebis SemTxvevis dros farmacevtuli<br />
produqtebis kompania federalurma prokurorebma <strong>da</strong>ajarimes 875 milioni<br />
dolariT TaRliTobisTvis – farulad SeuTanxm<strong>da</strong> eqimebs, rom<br />
moetyuebinaT mTavroba.<br />
samsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n ganTavisuflebis SemTxvevebi, romlebic arRvevs sajaro<br />
politikas<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebels ar SeuZlia TanamSromeli gaaTavisuflos:<br />
• D<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis saxeliT sasamarTloSi yalbi Cvenebis micemaze<br />
u<strong>aris</strong> Tqmis SemTxvevaSi;<br />
• gamoZiebaSi samTavrobo uwyebasTan TanamSromlobisTvis an<br />
Cvenebis micemisaTvis;<br />
• qcevis profesiulii kodeqsis <strong>da</strong>rRvevaze u<strong>aris</strong> TqmisTvis;<br />
• okupaciuri usafrTxoebisa <strong>da</strong> jan<strong>da</strong>cvis administraciis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rRvevebis gamJRavnebisTvis;<br />
• im politikuri kandi<strong>da</strong>tisTvis mxar<strong>da</strong>Weraze u<strong>aris</strong> TqmisTvis,<br />
romelsac mxars uWers <strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli;<br />
• “<strong>da</strong>bezRebisTvis”, an <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis ukanoni moqmedebis<br />
gamJRavnebisTvis;<br />
• Tu TanamSromelma momxmarebels Setyobina, rom <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelma<br />
mohpara momxmarebels qoneba;<br />
• sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisTvis.<br />
rCevebi usamarTlod samuSaos Sewyvetaze sasamarTloebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
asacileblad<br />
• gaaTavisufleT TanamSromeli mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs<br />
safuZvliani mizezi. D<strong>da</strong>msaqmebelma naTlad un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>asabuTos<br />
TanamSromlis ganTavisuflebis advilad gasagebi mizezebi. mizezebi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saxeldes obieqturad, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c SesaZlebelia, <strong>da</strong> isini un<strong>da</strong><br />
gamomdinareobdes kompaniis wesebi<strong>da</strong>n, politiki<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> praqtiki<strong>da</strong>n;<br />
• CamoayalibeT <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icaviT Sewyvetis wesebi <strong>da</strong> pirobebi. SeamowmeT,<br />
rom yvela ganTavisufleba pasuxobdes <strong>da</strong>dgenil pirobebs. Ppirobebi<br />
SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes TanamSromlis saxelmZRvanelo<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobis saxelmZRvanelo<strong>da</strong>n, an Tun<strong>da</strong>c Sigaganawesi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
ganTavisuflebamde TanamSromels mieciT sayveduri an gafrTxileba<br />
samuSaos arasaTanadod Sesrulebis gamo, miTiTeba muSaobis<br />
gaumjobesebis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
• <strong>da</strong>asabuTeT muSaobis yvelanairi problema. <strong>da</strong>sabuTebuli problemebis<br />
simcire TanamSromlis pirad saqmeSi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes<br />
rogorc safuZvliani ganTavisuflebis garemoebiTi mtkicebuleba, Tu<br />
TanamSromeli “uceb” gaaTavisufles.<br />
• MiyaviT mtkice TanamSromlebTan msgavs situaciebSi. dokumentebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>amtkiceT Yyvelanairi disciplinaruli qmedebis mizezebi, maSinac ki,<br />
Tu isini ar iwvevs ganTavisuflebas. ganTavisuflebulma<br />
TanamSromlebma SeiZleba pretenzia gamoTqvan, rom gamonaklisi<br />
SemTxvevebi diskriminaciulia. Ddetaluri dokumentacia <strong>da</strong>exmareba<br />
58
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs ganmarton, Tu ratom ar amarTlebs es “gamonaklisebi”<br />
ganTavisuflebas.<br />
SemoTavazebuli kontraqti<br />
M amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi <strong>da</strong>dgenilia, rom TanamSromelTa 70%<br />
muSaobs samuSao kontraqtis gareSe. Amis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, garkveuli pirobebis<br />
Tanaxmad, am TanamSromlebs SeiZleba mieniWoT xelSekrulebiTi SromiTi<br />
uflebebi. Ees SeiZleba moxdes, roca <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis piroba TanamSromels<br />
sTavazobs samuSaos <strong>da</strong>cvis garkveul formas. am SeTavazebuli kontraqtis<br />
uflebebi SeiZleba emyarebodes zepir an werilobiT gancxadebebs samuSaos<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebamde an <strong>da</strong>saqmebis Semdeg. xSirad es <strong>da</strong>pirebebi Sedis TanamSromlis<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi, a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis instruqciebSi, an <strong>da</strong>saqmebis<br />
gancxadebebSi an isini keTdeba gasaubrebis dros. roca samuSaos <strong>da</strong>cvis es<br />
zusti Tu arazusti <strong>da</strong>pirebebi keTdeba, sasamarTloebma praqtikulad<br />
aukrZales <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels TanmSromlis ganTavisufleba kontraqtis pirobebis<br />
sruli Sesrulebis gareSe. magaliTad, “tousant blu qrossim” <strong>da</strong> “blu<br />
Sild of miCiganim” miiCnia TanamSromlis saxelmZRvanelo, rogorc<br />
calmxrivad moqmedi kontraqti. qvemoT mocemulia magaliTebi, Tu rogor<br />
SeiZleba SemoTavazebuli kontraqti gaxdes oficialuri, savaldebulo:<br />
• uTxariT TanamSromlebs, rom maTi samuSao <strong>da</strong>culi iqneba iqamde, sanam<br />
isini saTanadod Seasruleben <strong>da</strong> loialuri iqnebian<br />
organizaciisadmi.<br />
• TanamSromelTa saxelmZRvaneloSi aRniSneT, rom TanamSromlebi ar<br />
ganTavisufldebian <strong>da</strong>cvis an gasaCivrebis uflebis gareSe.<br />
• TanamSromeli <strong>da</strong>arwmuneT, rom <strong>da</strong>tovos sxva <strong>organizacia</strong> ufro<br />
maRali xelfasis <strong>da</strong>pirebiT, Semdeg ki uaryaviT es <strong>da</strong>pirebebi mas<br />
Semdeg, rac <strong>da</strong>iqiravebT a<strong>da</strong>mians.<br />
sabednierod, <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs SeuZliaT Seamciron maTi problemebi<br />
kontraqtis sarCelebis mimarT mizanSewonili menejeruli praqtikebiT,<br />
treningiT <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis politikiT. a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis<br />
eqspertebi gvirCeven, rom gamoviyenoT Semdegi RonisZiebebi:<br />
1. supervaizerebisa <strong>da</strong> menejerebis treningi, rom ar SesTavazon<br />
kontraqti axal TanamSromlebTan gasaubrebis dros;<br />
2. <strong>da</strong>saqmebis SemoTavazebebs Soris gancxadeba, rom TanamSromels<br />
SeuZlia survilisamebr Sewyvitos muSaoba Sesabamisi SetyobinebiT <strong>da</strong><br />
TanamSromeli SeiZleba ganTavisuflebuli iqnes <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis mier<br />
nebismier dros samarTliani mizezis gamo. Aes gancxadeba un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
Sesabamisi, naTeli <strong>da</strong> advilad gasagebi;<br />
3. Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmebis gancxadebebi <strong>da</strong>saqmebis yvela dokumentSi,<br />
magaliTad, TanamSromlis saxelmZRvaneloebi, samuSaos gancxadebebi,<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saqmebis werilebi;<br />
4. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis arseboba, rom TanamSromlebma waikiTxes<br />
<strong>da</strong> gaiges Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmebis uaryofa.<br />
konstruqciuli ganTavisufleba<br />
U ufro <strong>da</strong> ufro Cveulebrivi movlena xdeba TanamSromlebis<br />
samsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n wasvla gancxadebuli diskriminaciuli moqmedebebis gamo <strong>da</strong><br />
59
amis Semdeg acxadeben, rom maTi SromiTi uflebebi <strong>da</strong>irRva konstruqciuli,<br />
usamarTlo ganTavisuflebiT. isini “iZulebulni” iyvnen <strong>da</strong>etovebinaT<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis mier ganzrax Seqmnili autaneli samuSao pirobebis gamo.<br />
D<strong>da</strong>msaqmebelma imoqme<strong>da</strong> TanamSromlis samuSao pirobebze ise<br />
mizanSeuwonlad <strong>da</strong> usamarTlod, rom TanamSromels sxva gza aRar hqon<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom ar <strong>da</strong>etovebina samsaxuri. konstruqciuli ganTavisuflebis erT-erT<br />
SemTxvevaSi (kompania “iang and sauzvesTern saivings and loun asosieSein”)<br />
sasamarTlom aRniSna:<br />
saerTo wesia, rom Tu <strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli ganzrax uqmnis TanamSromels<br />
autanel samuSao pirobebs, raTa TanamSromeli iZulebuli gaxdes <strong>da</strong>tovos<br />
samsaxuri, maSin <strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli asrulebs konstruqciul ganTavisuflebas <strong>da</strong><br />
pasuxs agebs nebismieri arakanonieri qmedebisTvis, TiTqos man formalurad<br />
gaaTavisufla gabrazebuli TanamSromeli.<br />
sasamarTloebi konstruqciuli ganTavisuflebis moZRvrebis<br />
CamoyalibebiT cdiloben <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aacilon raime qmedebis<br />
faruli Sesruleba; amaT <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs saSualeba eZlevaT <strong>da</strong>ufaravad<br />
Seasrulon is, rasac kanoniT krZalaven. magaliTad, arawesier <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs<br />
SeiZleba surdeT Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aicilon arasasurveli TanamSromlebi Segnebuli<br />
Zal<strong>da</strong>tanebiT, arasasurveli, saSineli samuSao pirobebis SeqmniT, ise rom<br />
TanamSromlebs urCevniaT samsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n wasvla, vidre saSineli pirobebis<br />
atana.Aam moqmedebis Tanaxmad, <strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli SeiZleba Seecados Seamciros<br />
Tavisi pasuximgebloba, xolo TanamSromelma moiTxovos konpensacia<br />
mravali <strong>da</strong>cviTi SromiTi statusis saSualebiT.<br />
amJamad aSS-s raionuli sasamarTloebi ar gansazRvraven,<br />
TanamSromlebma rogor un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>amtkicon konstruqciuli ganTavisuflebis<br />
pretenzia. raionuli sasamarTloebis umetesoba mxars uWers Rirseuli<br />
pirovnebis stan<strong>da</strong>rts. Aam stan<strong>da</strong>rtis Tanaxmad, mosarCelem ubralod un<strong>da</strong><br />
aCvenos, rom samuSao pirobebi autaneli iyo “Rirseuli pirovnebisTvis”, <strong>da</strong><br />
TanamSromels sxva arCevani aRar hqon<strong>da</strong>, Tu ara samsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n wasvla.<br />
raionuli sasamarTloebis umciresoba iRebs Rirsebuli pirovnebis<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rts, magram mosarCeleebma <strong>da</strong>matebiT un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>amtkicon, rom<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebelma ganizraxa maTi samsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n wasvla. am midgomas uwodeben<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis ganzraxvis stan<strong>da</strong>rts. <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis ganzraxvis testi metad<br />
subieqturia <strong>da</strong> amasTanave ufro Zneli TanamSromlis substanciisTvis. un<strong>da</strong><br />
iTqvas, rom konstruqciuli ganTavisuflebis moZRvreba ar uzrunvelyofs<br />
momsaxure personals <strong>da</strong>saqmebis raime axali uflebebiT. konstruqciuli<br />
ganTavisuflebis sarCeliT TanamSromeli mxolod icavs kanonebiTa <strong>da</strong><br />
sasamarTlos wesiT adre miniWebul SromiT usafrTxoebas.<br />
HRM 1<br />
Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmebis gancxadebebis magaliTebi<br />
SromiTi saxelmZRvaneloebi xSirad Seicavs Ria gancxadebebs, rom<br />
TanamSromlebi saqmdebian Tavisufali vadiT, es niSnavs rom ar arsebobs<br />
xangrZlivobis garantia. aseve ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebsa <strong>da</strong> menejerebs, gar<strong>da</strong><br />
gansazRvruli pirebisa (igulisxmeba a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis direqtori an<br />
kompaniis prezidenti), aqvT uflebamosileba <strong>da</strong>pirdnen samuSaos – maT<br />
Soris xelfass, Tanamdebobas <strong>da</strong> a.S. yvela saxelmZRvanelo un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes<br />
Tavisi uflebebis uaryofas, rac pir<strong>da</strong>pir uzrunvelyofs, rom<br />
60
saxelmZRvaneloSi Sesuli yvela saxis SromiTi politika <strong>da</strong> sargebeli<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia mTlian an nawilbriv cvlilebasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis<br />
eqskluziur survilze.<br />
warmovadgenT Tavisufali gancxadebebis or magaliTs:<br />
me vaRiareb, rom Tu <strong>da</strong>miqiraves, viqnebi Tavisufali TanamSromeli. me<br />
vacnobiereb, rom SeiZleba moxdes Cemi ganTavisufleba an <strong>da</strong>sja raime<br />
mizezis an Setyobinebis gareSe <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis neba-surviliT. me vici, rom<br />
prezidentis gar<strong>da</strong> kompaniis sxva warmomadgenels ara aqvs ufleba<br />
Secvalos samuSao pirobebi <strong>da</strong> aseTi cvlileba SeiZleba moxdes mxolod<br />
werilobiT SromiT xelSekrulebaSi.<br />
me mesmis, rom Cems muSaobas ar marTavs werilobiTi an zepiri<br />
kontraqti <strong>da</strong> ganixileba, rogorc Tavisufali SeTanxmeba. es niSnavs, rom me<br />
Tavisufali var, iseve rogorc kompania, nebismier dros SevwyvitoT SromiTi<br />
kavSiri raime mizeziT, Tu adgili ara aqvs federaluri an saxelmwifo<br />
kanonis <strong>da</strong>rRvevas. me mesmis, rom Cemi muSaoba ar <strong>aris</strong> gansazRvruli vadiT<br />
<strong>da</strong> gulisxmobs Tavisufal SeTanxmebas. es niSnavs, rom me nebismier dros<br />
SemiZlia Sevwyvito muSaoba raime mizeziT, iseve rogorc kompanias, Tu<br />
adgili ara aqvs federaluri an saxelmwifo kanonis <strong>da</strong>rRvevas.<br />
gafrTxileba: radganac Tavisufal <strong>da</strong>saqmebas marTavs saxelmwifo<br />
kanonebi, raTa <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelma SeinarCunos Tavisi Tavisufali statusi, man<br />
un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icvas samarTlis wesebi. es Seicavs Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmebis<br />
werilobiT gancxadebebs.<br />
D<strong>da</strong>sjadi (represiuli, samagieros ga<strong>da</strong>xdis) ganTavisufleba<br />
moqalaqeobrivi uflebebis aqtis VII nawili, diskriminaciis epoqis<br />
SromiTi aqti, qmedobauunaro amerikelebis aqti, <strong>da</strong> sxva SromiTi kanonebi<br />
ukrZalaven <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs TanamSromlebisTvis samagieros ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>s, roca<br />
isini iyeneben TavianT uflebebs am statusis Tanaxmad (ix. meore Tavi).<br />
samwuxarod, sasamarTloSi ufro meti sarCeli Semodis, radganac<br />
mosamarTleebi <strong>da</strong> marTlmsajulebi xvdebian, rom <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi<br />
uzrunvelyofen arasasurvel samuSao pirobebs TanamSromlebisTvis maSinac<br />
ki, roca diskriminaciis sarCelebi <strong>aris</strong> <strong>da</strong>umsaxurebeli. TanamSromlebma<br />
SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>ijeron, rom samagieros mizRveva xdeba, roca menejerebi maT<br />
<strong>da</strong>balxelfasian samuSaos aZleven, uars acxadeben xelfasis momatebaze an<br />
<strong>da</strong>winaurebaze, aZleven ararealur <strong>da</strong>valebebs, an xdebian mtrulad<br />
ganwyobilni maT mimarT an kontaqtSi ar Sedian maTTan mas Semdeg, rac<br />
gamoxataven diskriminaciiT ukmayofilebas an iReben saWiro<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas.<br />
amis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad, uiliam kandeli, SromiTi <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
warmomadgeneli, mouwodebs <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs ganaxorcielon calkeuli<br />
antirepresiuli politika <strong>da</strong> treningebi Cautaros menejerebs <strong>da</strong><br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebs misaRebi <strong>da</strong> miuRebeli meTodebis Sesaxeb, raTa maT<br />
moagvaron TanamSromelTa ukmayofilebisa <strong>da</strong> pretenziebis gamomwvevi<br />
problemebi. antirepresiuli politikis mTavar komponents warmoadgens<br />
TanamSromlebTan pativiscemiT <strong>da</strong> Rirseulad moqceva. qvemoT mocemulia<br />
sxva wina<strong>da</strong>debebi, Tu rogor SevamciroT samagieros ga<strong>da</strong>xdis mizniT<br />
ganxorcielebuli ganTavisuflebebi:<br />
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nu Caiden muSaobis sawinaaRmdego moqmedebas TanamSromlebTan, roca<br />
isini warmoadgenen diskriminaciis braldebebs. moeqeciT<br />
TanamSromlebs ise, TiTqos araferi momx<strong>da</strong>ra;<br />
iyaviT mtkice <strong>da</strong> obieqturi TanamSromlebTan urTierTobaSi.<br />
SeafaseT TanamSromlebi maTi muSaobis mixedviT <strong>da</strong> ara piradi<br />
TvisebebiT;<br />
Nnu gamoxatavT arakeTilganwyobas TanamSromelTa mimarT, roca isini<br />
ayeneben diskriminaciis braldebebs. moeqeciT yovel TanamSromels<br />
ise, rogorc gin<strong>da</strong>T, rom mogeqcnen Tqven – samarTlianad.<br />
Setyobineba kompaniis <strong>da</strong>xurvis Sesaxeb<br />
milionobiT samuSao adgili <strong>da</strong>ikarga SeerTebul StatebSi didi<br />
firmebis <strong>da</strong>xurvis Sedegad. sawarmos <strong>da</strong>xurva tragikul gavlenas axdens<br />
TanamSromelTa cxovrebaze <strong>da</strong> maT kavSirebze. <strong>da</strong>dgenilia, rom sawarmos<br />
<strong>da</strong>xurvis Sedegad <strong>da</strong>karguli yoveli 100 samuSao adgilisTvis<br />
adgilobrivi sazogadoeba kargavs 200-300 samuSao adgils.<br />
federalurma mTavrobam, zogierTma saxelmwifom, <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivma<br />
iurisdiqciam miiRo kanonmdebloba, romelic zRu<strong>da</strong>vs <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelTa<br />
calmxriv uflebas <strong>da</strong>xuros an sxvagan ga<strong>da</strong>itanos maTi aRWurvilobebi. 1989<br />
wels kongresma miiRo “muSakTa ga<strong>da</strong>mzadebisa <strong>da</strong> Setyobinebi aqti”,<br />
romelic moiTxovs 100-ze metTanamSromliani organizaciebisgan acnobos<br />
samoci dRiT adre TanamSromlebs <strong>da</strong>xurvis an warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb,<br />
rac gavlenas axdens ormoc<strong>da</strong>aT an ufro met srul ganakveTze momuSave<br />
personalze. Setyobineba un<strong>da</strong> gaegzavnos koleqtiuri morigebis<br />
warmomadgenlebs, TanamSromlebs, Sesabamis saxelmwifo ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebul<br />
uwyebas <strong>da</strong> umaRles arCeul adgilobriv Tanamdebobis pirs. TanamSromlebs<br />
individualurad un<strong>da</strong> ecnoboT werilobiTi formiT. <strong>da</strong>saSvebia ramdenime<br />
ganTavisufleba, maT Soris “gauTvaliswinebel garemoebebis gamo”. kanonis<br />
Seusabamobis SemTxvevaSi <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>ekisros pasuxismgebloba,<br />
rom <strong>da</strong>matebiT ga<strong>da</strong>uxados <strong>da</strong>xmareba, winaswari ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis procenti,<br />
<strong>da</strong> rwmunebulis safasuri. “muSakTa ga<strong>da</strong>mzadebisa <strong>da</strong> Setyobinebis aqti” ar<br />
ukrZalavs <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs samsaxuris <strong>da</strong>xurvas, warmoebis SeCerebas, an<br />
<strong>da</strong>kargvas; kanoni ubralod cdilobs Seamciros is siZneleebi, rac samuSaos<br />
<strong>da</strong>kargvas mohyveba.<br />
konfidencialuri (piradi) uflebebi<br />
konfidencialur uflebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos piradi Tavisuflebis<br />
sakiTxi, romelic ar <strong>aris</strong> garantirebuli mTavrobis an biznesis Carevisgan<br />
pirad saqmeebSi. konfinedciis ufleba – kanoniTa <strong>da</strong> samarTlebrivi<br />
komentarebiT aRiarebuli ufleba – gulisxmobs “piradi avtonomiis” zogad<br />
princips. is farTod a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, rom pirovnebis ufleba un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rCes<br />
konfidencialuri.<br />
sainteresoa, erT-erTma gamokvlevam aCvena, rom amerikelTa 89<br />
procentze meti ukmayofiloa Tavisi konfidencialobis <strong>da</strong>rRveviT.<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebelis problemebma piradi uflebebis mimarT mwvave debatebi<br />
gamoiwvia imaze, Tu adre xelSeuxebeli ZiriTadi uflebebi ramdenad<br />
SeiZleba Semcirdes samsaxuris mier. mediis saSualebiT TanamSromlebi<br />
axla acnobiereben, rom samsaxurSi piradi uflebebi ufro metad<br />
SezRudulia, vidre saxlSi. erT-<strong>erTi</strong> samsaxuris Tanaxmad “TanamSromlis<br />
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piraduloba aRiarebulia, rogorc erT-<strong>erTi</strong> yvelaze mniSvnelovani im<br />
samsaxureobriv sakiTxTagan, romlebic kompaniebis winaSe dgas<br />
dResdReisobiT”.<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi icaven TavianT uflebas Caerion TanamSromlis pirad<br />
saqmeSi <strong>da</strong> aRniSnaven, rom maT kanonieri interesi aqvT TanamSromelTa<br />
zogi<strong>erTi</strong> piradi saqmis mimarT, kerZod, am saqmeebma (narkonitis gamoyeneba,<br />
kriminaluri saqmianoba, an TanamSromlis sakuTreba) uSualod sad<br />
SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos TanamSromlis produqtiulobaze, samuSao<br />
adgilis usafrTxoebaze <strong>da</strong>/an moralze. sasamarTlo SemTxvevebi samuSao<br />
adgilis konfidencialurobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT praqtikulad cdilobs<br />
moawesrigos (<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobis saWiroebis winaaRmdeg)<br />
TanamSromlis kanonieri konfidenciis molodinsa <strong>da</strong> organizaciis efeqturi<br />
muSaobis kontrols Soris kavSiri. naSromis am nawilSi Cven SevexebiT<br />
samuSao adgilis konfidencialurobis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs narkotikebis<br />
moxmarebasTan, gamokvlevebTan, ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobasTan, pirad saqmeebSi<br />
CarevasTan, werilebis konfidencialurobasTan, samsaxuris gareT<br />
TanamSromlis moqmedebasTan <strong>da</strong> genetikur analizTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.<br />
Nnarkotikebis moxmareba <strong>da</strong> narkologiuri analizi<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi faqtebi: Nnarkotikebis momxmarebeli<br />
TanamSromlebi sxva TanamSromlebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />
• eqvsjer ufro metad gamoTqvamen kompensaciis pretenziebs;<br />
• Teqvsmetjer metad sargebloben samedicino <strong>da</strong>xmarebebiT;<br />
• samjer ufro xSirad acdenen samsaxurs;<br />
• orjer met Secdomebs uSveben;<br />
• xvdebian im TanamSromelTa 65 %-Si., romlebsac ubeduri SemTxvevebi<br />
emarTebaT samsaxurSi.<br />
D <strong>da</strong>dgenilia, rom TanamSromlebis mier narkotikis moxmareba aSS-s<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs 75 milioni dolari ujdebaT yovel wels usafrTxoebis<br />
riskebis, qurdobis, Semcirebuli produqtiulobis, ubeduri SemTxvevebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> xarjebis gamo. amasTanave am sa<strong>da</strong>vo periodSi Tu <strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli ver<br />
uzrunvelyofs usafrTxo <strong>da</strong> narkotikiT Tavisufal samuSao adgils, aman<br />
SeiZleba gamoiwvios pasuxismgeblobis saCivrebi imis gamo, rom<br />
momxmareblebi ukmayofilo <strong>da</strong>rCnen TanamSromlis uyuradRebobiT an<br />
naklovani produqtiT. sul ufro meti kompaniebi ebrZvian problemas<br />
narkotikebisgan Tavisufali samuSao adgilis politikiT, TanamSromlis<br />
ganaTlebiT, narkologiuri testiT, TanamSromelTa <strong>da</strong>saxmarebeli<br />
programebiT.<br />
Nnarkologiuri Semowmebis Catareba TanamSromlebSi yvelaze<br />
gavrcelebulia “specifiur Tanamdebobebze” saxelmwifo seqtorSi,<br />
organizaciebSi, romlebic TanamSromloben federalur mTavrobasTan, <strong>da</strong><br />
saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong> kerZo transportirebis <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebSi. specifikuri<br />
Tanamdebobis ganmarteba Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> sasamarTloebis mier, <strong>da</strong> gulisxmobs<br />
TanamSromlebs, romelTac ukaviaT iseTi Tanamdebobebi, romlebic moiTxovs<br />
erovnuli saidumloebis <strong>da</strong>cvas, aseve imaTac, romlebic muSaoben iseT<br />
Tanamdebobaze, sa<strong>da</strong>c mkacrad ikrZaleba saSiSi narkotikebi: policielebi,<br />
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mexanZreebi, <strong>da</strong> transportis usafrTxoebis Tanamdebobebze momuSave<br />
TanamSromlebi. am TanamSromlebs SeiZleba mosTxovon narkologiuri<br />
testis wardgena narkotikis moxmarebis “individualuri eWvis” ararsebobis<br />
SemTxevaSic ki.Ffederaluri saaviacio sammarTvelos (FAA) safreni ekipaJis<br />
wevrebisTvis, gamcileblebisTvis, sahaero moZraobis makontroleblebisTvis,<br />
<strong>da</strong>mxmare personalisTvis, TviTmfrinavis dispetCerebisTvis <strong>da</strong> saaviacio<br />
usafrTxoebisTvis ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> narkologiuri analizis programa<br />
kompania “blueStein v skinerSi”.<br />
Aam SemTxvevebSi sasamarTloebi acxadeben, rom TanamSromlis interesi<br />
_ SeinarCunos narkotikebisgan Tavisufali samuSao adgili _ ga<strong>da</strong>wonis<br />
nebismier pirad interess, rac SeiZleba TanamSromels hqondes.<br />
narkotikebisgan Tavisufali samuSao adgilis 1988 wlis aqti federalur<br />
doneze moiTxovs, rom organizaciebma 25.000 dol<strong>aris</strong> an meti Rirebulebis<br />
samTavrobo kontraqtebiT gamoaqveynon <strong>da</strong> miawodon TanamSromlebs<br />
politikis oficialuri gancxadeba, romelic krZalavs narkotikebis<br />
moxmarebas samsaxurSi, SeimuSaos gacnobis programebi <strong>da</strong> acnobos<br />
federalur uwyebas im TanamSromlebis Sesaxeb, romlebmac Caidines<br />
narkotikebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli kriminaluri <strong>da</strong>rRveva.<br />
D<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebma un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icvan kanonis debulebebi narkotikebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. ADA pir<strong>da</strong>pir aTavisuflebs nebismier TanamSromelsa <strong>da</strong><br />
samuSaos msurvels, vinc “amJamad CarTulia narkotikebis arakanonier<br />
moxmarebaSi”. Nnarkotikebis momxmareblebi ar iTvlebian “qmedobauunaro<br />
pirovnebebad”. Tumca kanonis debulebebi exeba gankurnebul narkomanebsac.<br />
Kkanoni acxadebs, rom<br />
Uuunaro a<strong>da</strong>mianad ar CaiTvleba is piri, romelmac<br />
(1) warmatebiT <strong>da</strong>asrula reabilitaciis programa an sxvamxriv<br />
warmatebiT gaiara reabilitacia <strong>da</strong> aRar <strong>aris</strong> CarTuli<br />
narkotikebis moxmarebaSi;<br />
(2) an romelic monawileobas iRebs reabilitaciis programaSi <strong>da</strong> aRar<br />
<strong>aris</strong> CarTuli narkotikebis moxmarebaSi.<br />
ADA aseve icavs TanamSromlebs, romlebic kanonierad moipoveben<br />
kanonier narkotikebs. magaliTad, TanamSromeli, romelic kanonierad iRebs<br />
tkivilgamayuCebel medikaments <strong>da</strong> Semdeg eCveva am wamals, akmayofilebs<br />
ADA –s ganmartebas qmedobauunaro piris Sesaxeb.<br />
Mmenejerebma <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebma un<strong>da</strong> gaacnobieron, rom kanoni<br />
narkologiuri testis Sesaxeb kerZo seqtorSi gansxvavebulia <strong>da</strong><br />
regulirdeba calkeuli saxelmwifoebis mier. saxelmwifoebi SezRuduli<br />
narkologiuri testis Sesaxeb kanonebiT zoga<strong>da</strong>d krZalaven narkotikebze<br />
testis Catarebas, gar<strong>da</strong> gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebisa. Nnarkologiuri<br />
analizis mxar<strong>da</strong>mWeri saxelmwifoebi zoga<strong>da</strong>d uSveben testis Catarebas, im<br />
pirobiT, rom zusti testis procedurebi iqneba <strong>da</strong>culi. saxelmwifo an<br />
adgilobrivi kanonebi Tu ar zRu<strong>da</strong>ven an krZalaven narkologiur<br />
Semowmebas, kerZo <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs aqvT ufleba mosTxovon TanamSromels<br />
waradginos Sardis <strong>da</strong> sisxlis analizi, Tu arsebobs Sesabamisi eWvi an<br />
mizezi. savaraudo mizezi SeiZleba moicavdes <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis, usafrTxoebis,<br />
moqmedebis an saqmianobis problemebs;: ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebul gacdenebs an<br />
sizarmaces; an gazrdil siZneleebs samsaxurSi TanamSromlebTan <strong>da</strong><br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebTan urTierTobaSi. D<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi, romelTac surT<br />
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ganaxorcielon uflebamosileba an narkologiuri Semowmebis programebi,<br />
SeiZleba saxelmwifo sasamarTlos ufro mkacri winaaRmdegobebis winaSe<br />
<strong>da</strong>dgnen. organizaciebs Cveulebriv ar SeuZliaT yvela TanamSromlis<br />
narkologiuri Semowmebis Catareba; Semowmeba un<strong>da</strong> iyos fokusirebuli erT<br />
individze (narkotikebis Sesaxeb kanonebze uaxlesi monacemebis<br />
mopovebisTvis saukeTeso gzaa Tqvens qveyanaSi mimarToT adgilobriv<br />
biblioTekas an moiTxovoT informacia Sesabamisi saxelmwifo uwyebisgan).<br />
13.3 sqemaze mocemulia narkologiuri SemowmebisTvis cnobili mizezebi.<br />
Sardis analizi narkologiuri Semowmebis yvelaze Cveulebrivi<br />
formaa, Tumca <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi aseve iyeneben sisxlis analizs <strong>da</strong> Tmis<br />
analizs. Nnarkologiur Semowmebaze zogi<strong>erTi</strong> yvelaze mwvave kritika exeba<br />
am Semowmebis meTodebis sandoobas, raTa <strong>da</strong>adginon, rom pirovneba<br />
impyofeba narkotikis zemoqmedebis qveS. saSiSi nivTierebebi SardSi rCeba<br />
garkveuli periodiT: kokaini _ <strong>da</strong>axloebiT samoc<strong>da</strong>Tormeti saaTiT,<br />
marixuana – sami kviris ganmavlobaSi an metxans. Tmis analizi iZleva<br />
pasuxs narkotikebis warsuli moxmarebis Sesaxeb. radganac Tma izrdeba<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT naxevari inCiT TveSi, Sesabamisad mokle nawils SeuZlia<br />
mogvces narkotikebis moxmarebis xangrZlivi monacemebi. Tumca,<br />
TanamSromlis warsulSi narkotikebis moxmarebam SeiZleba gavlena ar<br />
moaxdinos amJamindel samuSaos Sesrulebaze. Aaseve Sardis analizi<br />
problematuri xdeba, roca testis aparati ar <strong>aris</strong> Semowmebuli an<br />
saTanadod ar <strong>aris</strong> gawmendili, aRebuli sinjebi isvreba <strong>da</strong> warmoiSoba<br />
jaWvuri <strong>da</strong>cvis problemebi. (jaWvuri <strong>da</strong>cvis dokumentacia gulisxmobs<br />
yoveli Sardis sinjis (nimuSis) erTobliobas misi SexebiTa <strong>da</strong> SenaxviT<br />
Segrovebis adgili<strong>da</strong>n saboloo <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis adgilamde). am siZneleebma<br />
SeiZleba gamoiwvios <strong>da</strong>debiTi testis araswori pasuxi, rodesac<br />
konkretuli narkotiki arasworad gamovlindeba sinjSi.<br />
narkologiuri Semowmebis mizezebi<br />
• <strong>da</strong>saqmebamde: yvela ganmcxadeblis an axali TanamSromlis Semowmeba;<br />
• usafrTxoebis <strong>da</strong>mcavi gansakuTrebuli Tanamdebobebi: safrTxis<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileba TanamSromlebisgan, romelTa arasworma moqmedebebma<br />
SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>arRvios usafrTxoeba;<br />
• usafrTxoebis <strong>da</strong>mcavi gansakuTrebuli Tanamdebobebi: TanamSromlebis<br />
Semowmeba, romlebic marTaven gansakuTrebulad konfidencialur<br />
masalebs ab inaxaven didi raodenobiT Rirebul masalebs, rac<br />
krZalavs narkotikebs an cecxlsasroli iaraRis tarebas;<br />
• safuZvliani eWvi: <strong>da</strong>asabuTeT eWvi <strong>da</strong> moZebneT savaraudo mizezi imis<br />
<strong>da</strong>samtkiceblad, rom TanamSromlebi CarTulni arian narkotikebis<br />
moxmarebaSi;<br />
• ubeduri SemTxvevis Semdeg: SemTxvevis Semdeg <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv SeamowmeT,<br />
ram gamoiwvia seriozuli ziani an qonebis <strong>da</strong>zianeba;<br />
• Tanamdebobaze <strong>da</strong>bruneba: narkotikebis ararsebobis <strong>da</strong>mtkicebis<br />
Semdeg TanamSromeli ubrundeba samuSaos reabilitaciis Sedegad;<br />
• ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveloba: SeamowmeT, TanamSromelma gaikeTa Tu ara<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>pirveli narkologiuri testi;<br />
• SemTxveviTi: narkotikebis moxmarebisgan Tavis Sekaveba<br />
gamoucxadebeli narkologiuri Semowmebis saSualebiT.<br />
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narkologiuri Semowmebis saSualebiT SegiZliaT SeafasoT<br />
TanamSromlis Sesabamisoba samsaxurTan. egreT wodebuli movaleobisTvis<br />
Sesaferisobis an saqmianobaze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli Semowmeba gansazRvravs, <strong>aris</strong> Tu<br />
ara TanamSromeli sakm<strong>aris</strong>ad momzadebuli muSaobisTvis. erT-<strong>erTi</strong><br />
“gauaresebis” testi TanamSromlisgan moiTxovs misdios kursors video<br />
TamaSis dros (rogorc modelireba). sxva Semowmebis teqnika afasebs<br />
TanamSromlis Tvalis moZraobebs. testis Sedegebis Se<strong>da</strong>reba TanamSromlis<br />
Sesaxeb adre Segrovil monacemebTan emsgavseba gonivrul tests savaraudo<br />
mizezis garkvevisaTvis. am testis erT-<strong>erTi</strong> upiratesoba is <strong>aris</strong>, rom is<br />
fokusirebulia samsaxurebriv saqmianobaze <strong>da</strong> ara arasamsaxurebrivi<br />
movaleobis Sesrulebisas gamoxatul qcevaze. is aseve gamoavlens iseT<br />
TanamSromlebs, romlebic Seamcires im problemebis gamo, rom<br />
narkologiurma Semowmebam ver gamoavlina: ga<strong>da</strong>Rla, stresi <strong>da</strong><br />
alkoholizmi.<br />
saerTo jamSi, narkologiuri Semowmebis dros <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi<br />
frTxilad un<strong>da</strong> iyvnen, rom tyuilad ar <strong>da</strong>abralon narkotikebis gamoyeneba<br />
TanamSromels an aplikants. aq sakiTxi exeba narkologiuri Semowmebis<br />
Sedegebis gamovlenas an vinmes narkologiuri problemis “prognozirebas”.<br />
ciliswamebis sarCeli Cveulebriv gulisxmobs fulad zarals.<br />
narkologiuri Semowmebis pasuxebi miawodeT mxolod maT, vinc un<strong>da</strong> icodes<br />
amis Sesaxeb, magaliTad, ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebs an a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis<br />
personals, <strong>da</strong> ara sxva TanamSromlebs an ara<strong>da</strong>interesebul menejerebs.<br />
boingi, 3M, ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebuli aviaxazebi <strong>da</strong> motorola iyeneben <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />
samedicino ganxilvis TanamSromels, (MRO) raTa uzrunvelyon maTi<br />
narkologiuri testebis programebis <strong>erTi</strong>anoba. MRO –s zogierT<br />
saxelmwifoSi sTxoven federaluri mTavrobis mier <strong>da</strong>dgenil testebs.<br />
TanamSromlebis gamokvlevebi <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveloba<br />
• Ppawawina eleqtronuli videoTvalis <strong>da</strong>montaJeba kedlebSi <strong>da</strong> Werze<br />
<strong>da</strong>naSaulSi eWvmitanil TanamSromelTa <strong>da</strong>kvirvebisTvis;<br />
• Dduponti iyenebs Sori manZilis kamerebs, raTa akontrolos misi<br />
gadmotvirTvis platforma;<br />
• Mmervinis departamentis sawyobebi uSvebs TanamSromelTaTvis<br />
gamWvirvale celofnis parkebs piradi nivTebis satareblad; CanTebs<br />
amowmeben samsaxurSi Sesvlis <strong>da</strong> gamosvlis dros;<br />
• 2001 wels amerikuli menejmentis asociaciis mier Catarebulma kvlevam<br />
aCvena, rom aSS-is kompaniebis 77 % awarmoebs ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobas<br />
TanamSromelTa moqmedebis gasakontroleblad.<br />
E<br />
es <strong>da</strong> sxva kompaniebi ratom akontroleben <strong>da</strong> akvirdebian TavianT<br />
TanamSromelTa saqmianobas? pasuxi <strong>aris</strong> TanamSromelTa qurdoba. aSS-s<br />
savaWro palatam Seafasa, rom TanamSromelTa qurdoba (saqonlis, maragis an<br />
aRWurvilobis moparva; informaciis gayidva, gaflangva; “drois moparva”;<br />
kompiuteruli <strong>da</strong>naSauli <strong>da</strong> a.S.) aSS-is bizness yovelwliurad ujdeba 40<br />
miliardi dolari. Kkvlevebi aCvenebs, rom muSakTa 33 % qur<strong>da</strong>vs TavianT<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs.<br />
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TanamSromelTa <strong>da</strong>naSaulebasTan brZolaSi <strong>da</strong>saxmareblad<br />
sasamarTloebma <strong>da</strong>uSves calkeuli oTaxebis, magidebis, Cemodnebis,<br />
iaraRebis, yuTebis <strong>da</strong> zoga<strong>da</strong>d samuSao adgilebis Cxreka, sa<strong>da</strong>c adekvaturi<br />
gamarTleba arsebobs <strong>da</strong> TanamSromlebma miiRes Sesabamisi Setyobineba<br />
winaswar. TanamSromlebs ara aqvT swori warmodgena gasaidumloebis<br />
molodinze iseT adgilebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c moqmedebs samuSao wesebi, romlebic<br />
uzrunvelyofs Semowmebebs. isini un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>emorCilon <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis mier<br />
Catarebul Cxrekas; SeiZleba isini Sesabamisad <strong>da</strong>isajon<br />
<strong>da</strong>umorCileblobisTvis an Cxrekis moTxovnaze u<strong>aris</strong> TqmisTvis.<br />
mniSvnelovania Semdegi: Tu adgili ara aqvs sagangebo an sxva specialur<br />
garemoebebs, maSin TanamSromelTa piradi nivTebis an kompaniis<br />
aRWurvilobis SemTxveviT Cxrekas Tavi un<strong>da</strong> avaridoT. SemTxveviTi Cxreka<br />
gamoiwvevs TanamSromelTa ganrisxebas <strong>da</strong> pretenziebs, rom irRveva maTi<br />
piradi uflebebi (Tanmxlebi xarjebiT produqtiulobaSi).<br />
Mmenejerebi un<strong>da</strong> iyvnen koreqtulebi TanamSromelTa Cxrekis<br />
Catarebisas. arasaTanado Cxrekebs SeiZleba mohyves TanamSromlTa saCivrebi,<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>naSaulebiT, rom man <strong>da</strong>arRvia maTi piradi uflebebi,<br />
cili <strong>da</strong>swama <strong>da</strong> miayena emociuri stresi. <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs urCeven, rom<br />
SeimuSaon a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis politika, romelic Semdeg principebze<br />
iqneba <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli:<br />
1. Cxrekis politika un<strong>da</strong> iyos sajaro <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saxeldes Cxrekis<br />
savaraudo mizezi;<br />
2. Cxrekis politika un<strong>da</strong> iyos gonivruli <strong>da</strong> obieqturi;<br />
3. sa<strong>da</strong>c SesaZlebelia, Cxreka un<strong>da</strong> Catardes calke, izolirebulad;<br />
4. D<strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli un<strong>da</strong> Seecados <strong>da</strong>iTanxmos TanamSromeli Cxrekaze;<br />
5. Cxreka un<strong>da</strong> Catardes eTikis normebis <strong>da</strong>cviT, raTa Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aviciloT<br />
emociuri stresi;<br />
6. Cxrekaze u<strong>aris</strong> Tqmis SemTxvevaSi un<strong>da</strong> ganisazRvros jarima.<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobis, <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis gziT TanamSromelTa moqmedebis<br />
kontroli <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebisTvis Cveulebrivi saqmea. samuSao adgilis<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirvebas umetes SemTxvevaSi un<strong>da</strong> hqondes kanonieri, saqmiani mizani,<br />
Zalian mcire federaluri samarTlebrivi kontroli icavs TanamSromlebs<br />
TvalTvalisgan. Tumca saxelmwifo kanonebi adgenen sakuTar normebs, Tu<br />
ramdenad tolerantulebi un<strong>da</strong> iyvnen TanmSromlebi.<br />
Eufrosebis mier eleqtronuli <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis, TvalTvalis erT-<strong>erTi</strong><br />
yvelaze miRebuli saSualebaa satelefono ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveloba qurdobis<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad an imisaTvis, rom <strong>da</strong>rwmundnen momxmarebelTa<br />
moTxovnebi sruldeba Tu ara saTanadod. xelmZRvanelobas aqvs ufleba<br />
gaakontrolos TanamSromlebi, im pirobiT, rom isini amas akeTeben maTi<br />
saqmianobisTvis <strong>da</strong> TanamSromlebs un<strong>da</strong> acnobon, rom maTi satelefono<br />
zarebi kontroldeba. Tumca federaluri kanoni, eleqtronuli<br />
komunikaciebis gasaidumloebis aqti (ECPA) adgens ramdenime ZiriTad<br />
SezRudvas am uflebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. ECPA xelmZRvanelobas uzRu<strong>da</strong>vs<br />
zepiri an eleqtronuli komunikaciebis mosmenas. Kkanonis Tanaxmad, Tu<br />
TanamSromeli iRebs pirad zars, <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelma un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kidos yurmili<br />
maSinve, rogorc ki mixvdeba, rom es zari piradulia. rogorc aRniSnavs<br />
erT-<strong>erTi</strong> xelmZRvaneloba, “ufrosma SeiZleba gaakontrolos piradi zari,<br />
Tu TanamSromelma icis, rom konkretuli zari ismineba – <strong>da</strong> igi eTanxmeba<br />
67
amas. TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT uCivlon pirad cxovrebaSi CarevisTvis,<br />
magram sasamarTloebi amas akeTeben zaralis asanazRaureblad,<br />
TanamSromelma un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>asabuTos, rom konfidencialurobis saTanado<br />
molodinebi ga<strong>da</strong>wonis (aWarbebs) organizaciis ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobis mizezs.<br />
Ppirad saqmeebSi Careva<br />
TanamSromlis pirad saqmeSi Senaxul infomacias SeiZleba didi<br />
mniSvneloba hqondes (<strong>da</strong>debiTi an uaryofiTi) karieris ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
piradi saqmeSi, romelic inaxeba a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis departamentSi,<br />
SeiZleba iyos Semdegi dokumentebi: saqmianobis Sefasebebi, xelfasis<br />
cnobebi, gamoZiebis oqmebi, sakredito Cekebi, kriminaluri oqmebi, testis<br />
Sefasebebi, <strong>da</strong> monacemebi ojaxis Sesaxeb. unarSezRuduli amerikelebis aqti<br />
(ganxilulia meore TavSi) moiTxovs, rom TanamSromlis samedicino istoria<br />
inaxebodes sxva piradi informaciisgan gancalkevebiT. Secdomebma, pirad<br />
saqmeebSi raimes gamotovebam an arauflebamosili piris mier am saqmeebis<br />
xelSi Cagdebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios samsaxurebrivi an piradi problemebi.<br />
Kkanonmdebloba federalur doneze (ix. cxrili 13.4) <strong>da</strong> kanonebi<br />
msoflioSi, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT saxelmwifoebis 50 %-Si nebas aZleven<br />
TanamSromlebs Seamowmon TavianTi piradi saqmeebi. ramdenad xelmisawvdomia<br />
es maTTvis, es ukve saxelmwifozea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli. magaliTad,<br />
xelmZRvanelobam SeiZleba aukrZalos TanamSromlebs im informaciis naxva,<br />
romelmac SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>arRvios sxvebis konfidencialuroba. amgvari<br />
dokumentebia <strong>da</strong>xasiaTebebi <strong>da</strong> kriminaluri gamoZiebis oqmebi. saxelmwifo<br />
kanonma SeiZleba SeuzRudos TanamSromels uflebebi im dokumentebis<br />
aslebze, romlebsac man moawera xeli. aseTebia saqmianobis Sefasebebi an<br />
samuSaos aplikaciebi. saxelmwifoebi, romlebic TanamSromlebs aniWeben<br />
uflebas naxon TavianTi piradi saqmeebi, zoga<strong>da</strong>d uzrunvelyofen:<br />
• Uuflebas icodes, arsebobs Tu ara misi piradi saqme;<br />
• Uuflebas Seamowmos Tavisi piradi saqme;<br />
• Uuflebas Seasworos araswori monacemebi saqmeSi.<br />
kanonebi konfidencalurobis uflebis Sesaxeb<br />
kanoni moqmedeba<br />
eleqtronuli komunikaciebis rZalavs farul mosmenas, Caweras an<br />
konfidencialurobis aqti (1986) eleqtronuli <strong>da</strong> zepiri kavSirebis<br />
gamJRavnebas nebismieri eleqtronuli,<br />
meqanikuri an sxva saSualebiT. Ffaruli<br />
mosmena SeiZleba ganxorcieldes, roca<br />
ufrosi akontrolebs satelefono zars,<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebels aZlevs kontrolis nebas<br />
68
kanonieri saqmianobis miznebisTvis.<br />
konfidencialurobis aqti (1974) mimarTavs federalur uwyebebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
organizaciebs <strong>da</strong> awvdis saqonelsa <strong>da</strong><br />
servisebs federalur mTavrobas; calkeul<br />
pirebs aZlevs uflebas Seamowmon cnobebi<br />
samsaxuris ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT;<br />
nebas aZlevs TanamSromlebs ga<strong>da</strong>xedon<br />
TavianT pirad saqmeebs sizustisaTvis. D<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebleblebi, romlebic ganzrax arRveven<br />
aqts, eqvemdebarebian samoqalaqo sarCels.<br />
saojaxo ganaTlebis uflebebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> konfidenciis aqti – buklis cvlileba (1974)<br />
ukrZalavs saganmanaTleblo instituciebs<br />
miawodon studentebs informacia winaswari<br />
Tanxmobis gareSe. studentebs aqvT ufleba<br />
Seamowmon TavianTi saswavlo Canawerebi.<br />
samarTliani sandoobis<br />
angariSis aqti (1970)<br />
nebas aZlevs samuSaos msurvelebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
TanamSromlebs icodnen, maT saxelze<br />
inaxeba Tu ara sando saqmeebi <strong>da</strong> rogoria<br />
maTi Sinaarsi. TanamSromlebs aqvT ufleba<br />
icodnen xelmZRvanelobis mier Sedgenili<br />
sagamoZiebo momxmareblis angariSis<br />
arsebobisa <strong>da</strong> Sinaarsis Sesaxeb.<br />
F faqtobrivad Tu saxelmwifo kanoni nebas aZlevs TanamSromlebs<br />
Seamowmon TavianTi saqmeebi, administracias SeuZlia moiTxovos, rom<br />
nebismieri piri a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebi<strong>da</strong>n an supervaizeri <strong>da</strong>eswros imis<br />
<strong>da</strong>samowmeblad, rom aranairi informacia ar <strong>aris</strong> Secvlili an <strong>da</strong>matebuli.<br />
specialuri kanonmdeblobis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSic ki <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelTa<br />
umetesoba TanamSromlebs aZlevs maTi piradi saqmeebis xelmisawvdomobis<br />
SesaZleblobas. profesionalebi gvirCeven, rom organizaciebma un<strong>da</strong><br />
SeimuSaon politika TanamSromelTa saqmeebis Sesaxeb, romelic Seicavs 13.5<br />
sqemaSi mocemul punqtebs, rogorc minimums.<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebma <strong>da</strong>matebiT un<strong>da</strong> izrunon, rom <strong>da</strong>icvan TanamSromelTa<br />
piradi uflebebi, roca piradi monacemebi inaxeba eleqtronulad.<br />
usafrTxoebis <strong>da</strong>cva uzenaesia. Un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gindes, <strong>da</strong>culia Tu ara kompiuteris<br />
parolebi; mowesrigebulia Tu ara monacemTa sistemaSi SeRweva; A Tavis<br />
adgilzea <strong>da</strong>cvis sistema Tu ara; ician Tu ara TanamSromlebma<br />
konfinecialurobis valdebulebebi; Aarsebobs Tu ara Si<strong>da</strong> auditis<br />
procedurebi Seyvanil monacemTa sizustis uzrunvelsayofad; Ees icavs<br />
TanamSromelTa konfidecialuri informaciis nakads, rom is xelSi ar<br />
Cauvardes arakompetentur pirebs.<br />
Eeleqtronuli fosta, interneti <strong>da</strong> xmovani fostis konfidencialuroba<br />
69
E eleqtronuli fostis, internetisa <strong>da</strong> xmovani fostis gamoyenebis<br />
mravali saSualeba arsebobs; isini uzrunvelyofen Setyobinebebis<br />
momentalur gagzavnas, exmarebian samuSao jgufs, gvTavazoben globaluri<br />
informaciis mopovebas, xels uwyoben drois efeqturad gamoyenebas <strong>da</strong><br />
fleqsiur muSaobas. samwuxarod, teqnologia TanamSromlebs amave dros<br />
saSualebas aZlevs imoqmedon arakeTilsindisierad, arasaTanadod <strong>da</strong><br />
kompetenciis gareSe, rac xelmZRvanelobas uqmnian eTikur, samarTlebriv <strong>da</strong><br />
produqtiulobis problemebs. teqnologiis arakanonieri gamoyeneba Sedegad<br />
iwvevs imas, rom <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi akontroleben TanamSromelTa moqmedebebs,<br />
igeben mniSvnelovan konfidencialur sakiTxebs rogorc TanamSromlebis,<br />
aseve menejerebis Sesaxeb.<br />
Aa<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis menejmentis mier Catarebul kvlevaSi<br />
gamokiTxulTa 74 procentma ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom isini akontroleben TavianTi<br />
TanamSromlebis internetis moxmarebasa <strong>da</strong> eleqtronuli fostis<br />
Setyobinebebs.<br />
piradi saqmeebi: politikis miTiTebebi<br />
• uzrunvelyaviT Sesabamisoba moqmed saxelmwifo kanonebTan;<br />
• zustad gansazRvreT, ra informacia un<strong>da</strong> inaxebodes TanamSromelTa<br />
saqmeSi;<br />
• SeimuSaveT piradi informaciis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kategoriebi samarTlebriv<br />
moTxovnebsa <strong>da</strong> organizaciis principebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT;<br />
• gansazRvreT sad, rodis, rogor <strong>da</strong> ra pirobebSi SeuZliaT<br />
TanamSromlebs ga<strong>da</strong>xedon TavianT saqmeebs an ga<strong>da</strong>iRon maTi aslebi;<br />
• gansazRvreT kompaniis romel TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT piradi<br />
saqmeebis naxva;<br />
• akrZaleT iseTi informaciis Segroveba, romelic SeiZleba CaiTvalos<br />
diskriminaciad an gaxdes konfidencialurobis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis safuZveli;<br />
• SeamowmeT samuSao oqmebi regularulad, raTa amoiRoT araswori,<br />
moZvelebuli an arazusti informacia.<br />
K konfidencialurobis gamokvlevam aCvena, rom aSS-is 14 milioni<br />
mosasaxure mudmivi kontrolis qveS imyofeba. ratom akontroleben<br />
ufrosebi TanamSromlebs? Mmizezi mravalnairia: TanamSromleTa saziano<br />
an saSiSi saqcielis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad, kompaniis drois efeqturad<br />
gamoyenebis uzrunvelsayofad, TanamSromleTa Woraobis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
asacileblad, TanamSromelTa usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad internetSi<br />
pornografiuli vebgverdebis naxvisa <strong>da</strong> serfingis aRmosafxvrelad, rom<br />
TanamSromlebi ar iyvnen <strong>da</strong>kavebulebi piradi saqmeebiT samuSao drois<br />
periodSi. TanamSromelTa kontroli aseve xorcieldeba imisaTvis, rom<br />
piradi informacia ar gaxdes xelmisawvdomi cnobismoyvareTaTvis an<br />
“xakerebisTvis”, visac SeuZlia es infomacia borotad gamoiyenos.<br />
xelmZRvanelobas sruli Tavisufleba aqvs akontrolos sakuTari<br />
aRWurviloba. sasamarTlo wesebi, romlebic marTavs eleqtronul fostasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> internetTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul sakiTxebs, xelmZRvanelobas zoga<strong>da</strong>d aniWebs<br />
uflebas gaakontrolos saqmesTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli miznebisaTvis Seqmnili,<br />
70
miRebuli an gagzavnili masalebi. TanamSromlebma, romlebic anadgureben<br />
TavianT Setyobinebebsa <strong>da</strong> werilebs, SeiZleba arasworad ivaraudon, rom<br />
isini waiSala. Tumca TanamSromlebma SeiZleba CaTvalon, rom maTi piradi<br />
uflebebi vrceldeba el.fostaze, internetze an xmovan fostaze. Uufro<br />
metic, isini SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>isajon kidec an gaaTavisuflon samsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n<br />
elfostis an internetis arasaTanado gamoyenebisTvis. a<strong>da</strong>mianuri<br />
resursebis eqspertebi <strong>da</strong> samarTlebrivi organoebi mxars uWeren<br />
xelmZRvanelobas SeimuSaos zusti politika <strong>da</strong> principebi, romlebic<br />
TanamSromlebs gaacnobs, Tu rogor un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenon elfosta, interneti an<br />
xmovani fosta, amave dros acnobebs, rodis <strong>da</strong> ra pirobebSi moxdeba maTi<br />
gakontroleba. (ix. sqema 13.6.), TanamSromlebma un<strong>da</strong> moaweron xeli formas<br />
(iseve, rogorc SromiTi politikis sxva dokumentebs) imis <strong>da</strong>sturad, rom<br />
maT waikiTxes <strong>da</strong> eTanxmebian mas.<br />
TanamSromelTa saqcieli samsaxuris gareT<br />
ganixileT Semdegi SemTxveva. orSabaTs diliT “eibisi” korporaciis<br />
mepatrone kiTxulobs gazeTSi, rom kompaniis TanamSromeli eWvmitanilia<br />
qurdobasa <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi maRaziis mepatronis Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmaSi. TanamSromeli<br />
gaaTavisufles sasamarTlo procesis dros. TanamSromlis ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>rekilma satelefono zarma gamoavlina, rom TanamSromeli kvlav<br />
ganagrZobs muSaobas. rogor un<strong>da</strong> moiqces mepatrone?<br />
elfosta, interneti, xmovani fosta; politikis principebi<br />
elfostis, internetis, xmovani fostis politika cdilobs Seamciros<br />
TanamSromlis konfidencialurobis molodini imis fonze, rom <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels<br />
aqvs mizezebi TanamSromleTa saqcielis legitimurad gakontrolebisaTvis.<br />
elfostis, internetis, xmovani fostis sayovelTao politika moicavs Semdeg<br />
sakiTxebs:<br />
• uzrunvelyaviT Sesabamisoba sakuTar federalur <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo<br />
kanonmdeblobasTan;<br />
• gansazRvreT pirobebi, rodesac SeiZleba sistemis gamoyeneba piradi<br />
saqmisTvis.<br />
• gansazRvreT is konfidecialuri informacia, romelic ar un<strong>da</strong><br />
gaigzavnos qselSi.<br />
• <strong>da</strong>adgineT pirobebi, rodis un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes monitoringi, vis mier,<br />
ra sixSiriT <strong>da</strong> rogor un<strong>da</strong> SeatyobinoT TanamSromlebs;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>adgineT, rom elfostisa <strong>da</strong> xmovani fostis informacia gaegzavnos<br />
mxolod im momxmarebels, visac sWirdeba es samuSao miznebisTvis;<br />
• Mmkacrad akrZaleT elfostis an xmovani fostis gamoyeneba sxvebis<br />
Sesawuxeblad an anonimuri Setyobinebebis gagzavna;<br />
• auxseniT TanamSromlebs, rom maT ara aqvT konfidencialurobis<br />
ufleba nebismier masalasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, romelic gaigzavna an<br />
miRebul iqna elfostiT an xmovani fostiT;<br />
• gansazRvreT, politikis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis SemTxvevaSi romeli<br />
TanamSromlebi eqvemdebarebian <strong>da</strong>sjis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formas, maT Soris _<br />
ganTavisuflebas.<br />
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samarTlebrivi samsaxurebi zoga<strong>da</strong>d miiCneven, rom TanamSromelTa<br />
saqcieli samsaxuris gareT ar eqvemdebareba <strong>da</strong>sjas ufrosis mier. Kkanonis<br />
Tanaxmad, cudi saqcielis Cadena samsaxuris Semdeg, zogierT SemTxvevaSi,<br />
SeiZleba ar iyos kanonieri safuZveli TanamSromlis <strong>da</strong>sjisTvis.<br />
Oorganizaciebma, romelTac surT TanamSromelTa <strong>da</strong>sja samsaxuris gareT<br />
Cadenili moqmedebisTvis, un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>adginon zusti kavSiri Cadenil cud<br />
saqcielsa <strong>da</strong> im uaryofiT gavlenas Soris, romelic man moaxdina sxva<br />
TanamSromlebze an <strong>organizacia</strong>ze. Ees SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>dgindes, magaliTad, im<br />
SemTxvevebSi, roca samsaxuris gareT kriminaluri moqmedeba (rogoricaa<br />
bavSvis gaupatiureba) warmoSobs gamanadgurebel Sedegs, axdens uaryofiT<br />
gavlenas samsaxurze. Mmeore magaliTi SeiZleba iyos, roca TanamSromlis<br />
sajaro samsaxuri (rogoricaa policiis an saxanZro departamentis<br />
personali) warmoSobs warmosaxviT problemas organizaciisTvis. Tumca,<br />
zoga<strong>da</strong>d rac ar un<strong>da</strong> mcire <strong>da</strong>naSauli Caidinos TanamSromelma samsaxuris<br />
gareT, mainc eqvemdebareba <strong>da</strong>sjas ufrosis mier.<br />
samsaxurebrivi romanebi gansakuTrebul problemas uqmnis<br />
organizaciebs. xelmZRvanelobas eqmneba problema, Tu TanamSromlis,<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelis an sxva Tanamdebobis piris romani ga<strong>da</strong>dis cud formebSi,<br />
rasac mivyavarT samsaxurSi seqsualuri Zaladobis faqtebamde an<br />
braldebebamde.<br />
samsaxurebrivi romanebi agreTve favoritizmis braldebebs iwveven im<br />
TanamSromlis winaaRmdeg, romelic CarTulia ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelisa <strong>da</strong> masze<br />
<strong>da</strong>bali Tanamdebobis mqone TanamSromlis romanSi. samsaxurebrivma<br />
romanebma SeiZleba warmoSvan moraluri problemebic, roca sxva<br />
TanamSromlebi grZnoben, rom usamarTlod eqcevian; aseTi situaciebi iwveven<br />
eWvianobas, gaRizianebas <strong>da</strong> cud grZnobebs. ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelis romanebs<br />
SeiZleba organizaciisaTvis mZime Sedegebi mohyves<br />
Ggenetikuri analizi<br />
G genetikuri kvlevebis winsvla axla ukve SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs<br />
ganvsazRvroT a<strong>da</strong>mianis <strong>da</strong>avadebebaTa genetika. genetikuri monacemebi<br />
SesaZleblobas iZleva individualuri prevenciuli strategiisTvis, agreTve<br />
adreuli gamovlenisa <strong>da</strong> mkurnalobisTvis. samwuxarod, genetikuri<br />
testisgan miRebuli monacemebi aseve SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebis mier, raTa diferenciacia moaxdinos an Seuracxyofa<br />
miayenos im pirovnebebs, romlebmac samuSaosTvis mimarTes an im<br />
pirovnebebs, romlebic ukve muSaoben. magaliTad, genetikur analizs<br />
SeuZlia gamoavlinos iseT <strong>da</strong>avadebaTa riski, rogoricaa kibo, gulis<br />
<strong>da</strong>avadeba an diabeti.<br />
radganac TanamSromlis <strong>da</strong>avadebebi <strong>da</strong> avadmyofoba warmoSobs<br />
samsaxuris xarjebs, <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelma SeiZleba Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aicilos iseTi pirebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>qiraveba an SenarCuneba, romlebic, maTi varaudiT, SesaZloa gaxdnen avad.<br />
amiT Tavi<strong>da</strong>n icileben <strong>da</strong>matebiTi kadrebis Seqmnas, trenings <strong>da</strong> samedicino<br />
xarjebs. gasakviri ar <strong>aris</strong>, rom roca xelmZRvaneloba iyenebs genetikur<br />
testebs, rogorc TanamSromlisTvis samuSaoze u<strong>aris</strong> Tqmis saSualebas,<br />
analizebi warmoSobs mniSvnelovan moralur <strong>da</strong> eTikur problemebs, rom<br />
aRaraferi vTqvaT konfidencialobis sakiTxebze. Tumca, ufrosebma un<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>imaxsovron, rom ar arsebobs mecnieruli mtkicebuleba moulodnel<br />
72
genetikur faqtorebsa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis SesaZleblobas Soris kavSiris,<br />
urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis Sesaxeb.<br />
ramdenime federaluri an saxelmwifo kanoni an sasamarTlos<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebi marTavs <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis mier genetikuri informaciis<br />
gamoyenebas. Tumca Ggenetikuri testi arRvevs moqalaqeobrivi uflebebis<br />
aqtis VII Tavis <strong>da</strong> qmedobauunaro amerikelebis aqtis antidiskriminaciis<br />
man<strong>da</strong>tebs. 2000 wels EEOC –m uCivla “berlingTon norsen santa fe”<br />
korporacias TanamSromlebze genetikuri testebis saidumlod<br />
CatarebisTvis, romlebmac Seitanes karpalis (mtevnis) tunelis sindromis<br />
Taobaze TanamSromlis kompensaciis sarCeli. berlingTon norseni <strong>da</strong>pir<strong>da</strong><br />
EEOC –s, rom aRar Caatareb<strong>da</strong> genetikur testebs <strong>da</strong> samagieros ar<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>uxdi<strong>da</strong> im TanamSromlebs, vinc uari ganacxades testis Catarebaze.<br />
SesaZloa momavali kanonebi – federaluri an saxelmwifo – akrZalavs<br />
genetikur diskriminacias samsaxursa <strong>da</strong> janmrTelobis <strong>da</strong>zRvevaSi.<br />
Ddisciplinaruli strategiebi <strong>da</strong> principebi<br />
menejerTa uflebebi, <strong>da</strong>sajon <strong>da</strong> gaaTavisuflon TanamSromlebi,<br />
metad SezRudulia. Mmenejerebma yvela doneze kargad un<strong>da</strong> gaacnobieron<br />
<strong>da</strong>sjis meTodika. TanamSromlis winaaRmdeg gatarebuli disciplinaruli<br />
moqmedeba un<strong>da</strong> iyos ganpirobebuli samarTliani mizezebiT, <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong><br />
arsebobdes efeqturi politika <strong>da</strong> meTodebi misi gamoyenebis marTvisTvis.<br />
aseTi strategiebi <strong>da</strong> procedurebi exmareba maT, vinc pasuxismgebelia<br />
disciplinaruli moqmedebis ganxorcielebaze <strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyofs<br />
TanamSromlebisadmi samarTlian <strong>da</strong> konstruqciul mopyrobas. Aaseve<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom es miTiTebebi exmareba disciplinaruli moqmedebis<br />
prevencias.<br />
disciplinaruli strategiebi <strong>da</strong> meTodebi un<strong>da</strong> vrceldebodes mraval<br />
mniSvnelovan sferoze. 13.7. sqemaze warmodgenilia koreqciuli modeli,<br />
romelic gviCvenebs sferoebs, romlebSic un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mkvidrdes debulebebi.<br />
Mmodeli aseve gviCvenebs logikur Tanamimdevrobas, romlis mixedviTac<br />
un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes koreqciuli etapebi saWiro ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis<br />
misaRebad.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis departamentis mTavar pasuxismgeblobas<br />
warmoadgens SeimuSaos disciplinaruli strategiebi, meTodebi <strong>da</strong><br />
xelmZRvanelobisgan miiRos misi <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>stureba. a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis<br />
departamenti aseve pasuxismgebelia uzrunvelyos, rom koreqciuli<br />
politikis, iseve rogorc TanamSromlebis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli<br />
disciplinaruli RonisZiebis Sesabamisoba SromiT xelSekrulebasTan<br />
(arsebobis SemTxvevaSi) <strong>da</strong> moqmed kanonebTan. Tumca, disciplinaruli<br />
problemebis gamosworebaze an mis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebaze pirveladi<br />
pasuxismgebloba ekisreba TanamSromlis supervaizers. Eam pirovnebas<br />
yvelaze kargad SeuZlia <strong>da</strong>akvirdes ara<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebel saqciels an<br />
samuSaos Sesrulebas <strong>da</strong> ganixilos es sakiTxi TanamSromelTan. Gganxilva<br />
xSirad saWiroa problemebis gamosasworeblad <strong>da</strong> amis Sedegad<br />
disciplinaruli RonisZieba aRar xdeba saWiro. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, roca<br />
disciplinaruli RonisZieba aucilebelia, ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveli un<strong>da</strong> Seecados<br />
problemis mogvarebas. Pproblemis gamomwvevi mizezebi iseve mniSvnelovania,<br />
rogorc Tavad problema <strong>da</strong> nebismieri mcdeloba misi ganmeorebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
73
asacileblad maT safuZvlian Seswavlas moiTxovs. xSirad<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebisTvis Znelia obieqturi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba SeinarCunon<br />
TanamSromelTa <strong>da</strong>rRvevebis mimarT. Mmagram Tu ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebs SeuZliaT<br />
problemis mogvarebis gamoyeneba, isini mivlen diagnozamde, romelic ufro<br />
axlosaa simarTlesTan, vidre im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini iuristis Carevas<br />
gamoiyenebdnen<br />
disciplinaruli modeli<br />
organizaciis disciplinaruli politika, strategiebi - <strong>da</strong>sjis<br />
gansazRvra – organizaciis wesebis <strong>da</strong>rRveva – TanamSromlis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis<br />
gamokvleva – koreqciuli saubari – progresuri koreqcia – Sesabamisi<br />
procesi – sasamarTlos saqme – ganTavisufleba<br />
Uumoqmedobis Sedegebi<br />
sqema 13.8 menejerebis mier gansazRvrul Cveulebriv disciplinarul<br />
problemebs gviCvenebs. Ddisciplinaruli RonisZiebis Seusrulebloba am<br />
sferoebSi mxolod problemis gamZafrebas emsaxureba, rac faqtobrivad<br />
un<strong>da</strong> mogvardes. Uumoqmedoba gulisxmobs, rom TanamSromlis moqmedeba<br />
<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebelia. Tu disciplinaruli RonisZieba faqtobrivad<br />
Sesrul<strong>da</strong>, Seferxeba ufro gaaZnelebs moqmedebis gamarTlebas gasaCivrebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi. aseTi gasaCivrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis dros, xelmZRvanelobas SeekiTxebian,<br />
Tu ratom aCerebdnen saxelfaso uwyisSi iseT TanamSromels, romelic ar<br />
asruleb<strong>da</strong> movaleobebs an iqceo<strong>da</strong> ara<strong>da</strong>makmayofileblad. Aan ufro mZime<br />
SekiTxva SeiZleba iyos: “ratom iReb<strong>da</strong> es TanamSromeli <strong>da</strong>makmayofilebel<br />
samuSao Sefasebebs (an SesaZloa premiebsac ki)?”<br />
praqtikaSi aseT winaaRmdegobebs SeuZliaT <strong>da</strong>exmaron TanamSromlebs<br />
warmatebiT uaryon menejeris koreqciuli moqmedebebi. samwuxarod,<br />
zogi<strong>erTi</strong> ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveli cdilobs gaamarTlos Tavisi koreqciuli<br />
moqmedebebi mxolod mas Semdeg, rac man ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita gaaTavisuflos<br />
konkretuli TanamSromeli. qvemoT mocemulia supervaizerebis mier<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxelebuli zogadi mizezebi, Tu ratom ver wauyenes disciplinaruli<br />
jarima:<br />
1. ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelma ver <strong>da</strong>amtkica adreuli moqmedebebi, ase rom ar<br />
arsebobs Canaweri Sesabamisi koreqciuli moqmedebis gansazRvrisTvis;<br />
2. supervaizerebs sjero<strong>da</strong>T, rom isini miiRebdnen mcire mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras an<br />
saerTod ar miiRebdnen mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras ufrosi xelmZRvanelebisgan<br />
disciplinaruli RonisZiebisTvis;<br />
3. ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveli ar iyo <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli faqtebSi, romlebic moiTxov<strong>da</strong><br />
disciplinarul RonisZiebas;<br />
4. radganac ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelma warsulSi ver <strong>da</strong>saja Kkonkretuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>rRvevisTvis TanamSromeli, ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelma axlac uari Tqva<br />
disciplinarul moqmedebaze, raTa gamoCeniliyo mtkice pirovnebad;<br />
5. ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvels sur<strong>da</strong> gamoCeniliyo, rogorc kargi pirovneba.<br />
zogadi disciplinaruli problemebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>swrebis problemebi<br />
74
arasapatio gacdena;<br />
mudmivi gacdenebi;<br />
arasapatio/ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebuli <strong>da</strong>gvianebebi;<br />
nebarTvis gareSe wasvla.<br />
arakeTilsindisiereba <strong>da</strong> masTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli problemebi<br />
qurdoba;<br />
samuSao gancxadebis gayalbeba;<br />
organizaciis qonebisadmi ganzrax zianis miyeneba;<br />
sxva TanamSromlisTvis drois <strong>da</strong>kargvineba;<br />
samuSao Canawerebis gayalbeba.<br />
samuSaos SesrulebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli problemebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>kisrebuli movaleobebis Seusrulebloba;<br />
arastan<strong>da</strong>rtuli produqtebisa <strong>da</strong> servisebis warmoeba;<br />
<strong>da</strong>dgenili produqciis moTxovnebis Seusrulebloba.<br />
samsaxurSi moqcevis problemebi<br />
intoqsikacia samsaxurSi;<br />
<strong>da</strong>umorCilebloba;<br />
xmauris gamowveva;<br />
sigaretis moweva akrZalul adgilebSi;<br />
Cxubi;<br />
azartuli TamaSebi;<br />
usafrTxoebis <strong>da</strong>nadgarebis arasworad gamoyeneba;<br />
<strong>da</strong>zianebis Sesaxeb ar Setyobineba;<br />
uyuradReboba;<br />
samsaxurSi Zili;<br />
bilwi sityvebis gamoyeneba an muqariT saubari ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebTan;<br />
narkotikebisa <strong>da</strong> alkoholis miReba;<br />
cecxlsasroli an sxva iaraRis floba;<br />
seqsualuri Zaladoba.<br />
organizaciis wesebis SemuSaveba<br />
organizaciis wesebis SemoReba warmoadgens efeqturi disciplinaruli<br />
sistemis Camoyalibebas. Ees wesebi marTavs TanamSromelTa qcevis tips. iseT<br />
organizaciebs, rogoricaa “gerber produqti”, “val-marti”, “stiilqazi” <strong>da</strong><br />
“piTni bousi”, aqvT <strong>da</strong>werili principebi, romlebic ganmartavs, Tu rogori<br />
saqcieli moeTxovebaT TanamSromlebs. vinai<strong>da</strong>n TanamSromelTa moqmedebis<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi <strong>da</strong>dgenilia organizaciis wesebiTa <strong>da</strong> debulebebiT, Semdegi<br />
miTiTebebi <strong>da</strong>gexmarebaT am sferoSi problemebis SemcirebaSi:<br />
1. wesebi farTod un<strong>da</strong> iyos gavrcelebuli <strong>da</strong> yvela TanamSromeli<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gaecnos mas. Aar un<strong>da</strong> gvegonos, rom TanamSromlebma ician<br />
yvela wesi;<br />
2. wesebs periodulad un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>vxedoT, SesaZloa yovel wels,<br />
gansakuTrebiT im wesebs, romlebic mniSvnelovania saqmianobis<br />
warmatebisTvis;<br />
75
3. wesebis mizezebi yovelTvis un<strong>da</strong> ganvumartoT TanamSromlebs;<br />
organizaciis wesebs ufro metad aRiareben, roca TanamSromlebs<br />
kargad esmiT maTi mniSvneloba;<br />
4. wesebi yovelTvis un<strong>da</strong> iyos warmodgenili werilobiTi formiT.<br />
gaurkvevloba un<strong>da</strong> aviciloT Tavi<strong>da</strong>n, radganac aman SeiZleba<br />
gamoiwvios wesebis gansxvavebuli interpretaciebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelis mier;<br />
5. normebi un<strong>da</strong> iyos gonivruli <strong>da</strong> iTvaliswinebdes organizaciis<br />
usafrTxo <strong>da</strong> efeqtur moqmedebas. normebi ar un<strong>da</strong> SemuSavdes<br />
piradi survilebis mixedviT;<br />
6. Tu xelmZRvaneloba sustia wesis <strong>da</strong>cvaSi, maSin xelaxla un<strong>da</strong><br />
gamocxaddes es wesi (misi <strong>da</strong>Rvevis Sedegebis mixedviT), sanam<br />
disciplinaruli RonisZieba gatardeba;<br />
7. TanamSromlebma xeli un<strong>da</strong> moaweron dokuments imis <strong>da</strong>samowmeblad,<br />
rom maT waikiTxes <strong>da</strong> gaecnen organizaciis wesebs.<br />
TanamSromelTa winaaRmdeg gatarebuli disciplinaruli RonisZieba ar<br />
un<strong>da</strong> CaiTvalos sasjelad. Ddisciplinaruli RonisZiebis gatarebisas<br />
SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sasjeli, rogorc sasurveli Sedegis miRebis<br />
saSualeba, Tumca <strong>da</strong>sja ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos disciplinaruli RonisZiebis mizani.<br />
disciplinis, wesrigis mizani un<strong>da</strong> iyos SemdgomSi TanamSromelTa<br />
saqcielis gamosworeba. wesrigis <strong>da</strong>myareba sxva gziT, rogoricaa <strong>da</strong>sja an<br />
TanamSromlebis mxileba, mxolod problemebs Seuqmnis xelmZRvanelobas.<br />
roca ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebi ara<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeli saqcielis mizezebs eZeben,<br />
maT un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinon, rom SeiZleba TanamSromlebma ar icodnen<br />
muSaobis garkveuli normebi. Nnebismieri disciplinaruli RonisZiebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebamde aucilebelia ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebma gaarkvion miscen Tu ara<br />
TanamSromlebs saWiro orientacia wesebsa <strong>da</strong> pirobebSi gasarkvevad.<br />
sinamdvileSi, organizaciis wesebisa <strong>da</strong> pirobebis saTanado kavSiri imdenad<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom SromiTi mosamarTleebi asaxeleben komunikaciis wesebis<br />
ugulebelyofas, rogorc mTavar mizezs disciplinaruli RonisZiebis<br />
SecvlisTvis.<br />
“cxeli Rumelis” <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba wesebis <strong>da</strong>cvaSi<br />
Mmiuxe<strong>da</strong>vad disciplinaruli RonisZiebis mizezisa, is mainc un<strong>da</strong><br />
gatardes maqsimalurad swrafad .mas Semdeg, rac moxdeba <strong>da</strong>rRveva <strong>da</strong><br />
Catardeba sruli gamokvleva. Aa<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis specialistebi xSirad<br />
iyeneben “cxeli Rumelis” wess, raTa axsnan <strong>da</strong>sjis swori gamoyeneba. cxeli<br />
Rumeli gvaZlevs gafrTxilebas, rom ar un<strong>da</strong> SevexoT mas. is, vinc ar<br />
iTvaliswinebs am gafrTxilebas <strong>da</strong> exeba mas, <strong>da</strong>rwmunebulia, rom <strong>da</strong>iwveba.<br />
D<strong>da</strong>sja <strong>aris</strong> wesis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis <strong>da</strong>uyovnebeli <strong>da</strong> pir<strong>da</strong>piri Sedegi, rom<br />
aRarasodes Seexo cxel Rumels. Aamis msgavsad, samuSao wesi un<strong>da</strong><br />
vrceldebodes yvela TanamSromelze <strong>da</strong> mtkiced, miukerZoeblad <strong>da</strong><br />
obieqturad un<strong>da</strong> iqnes <strong>da</strong>culi. TanamSromlebma un<strong>da</strong> icodnen wesis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rRvevis mosalodneli Sedegebi, ase rom mas aqvs prevenciuli<br />
mniSvneloba.<br />
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sasjelis gansazRvra<br />
am teqstis avtorebis mier Catarebuli menejmentis seminarebSi, roca<br />
menejerebs ekiTxebian ganmarton sityva “disciplina”, maTi pasuxia, rom<br />
disciplina niSnavs <strong>da</strong>sjas. Mmiuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom pasuxi sworia, is<br />
warmoadgens mxolod misi sami mniSvnelobi<strong>da</strong>n erT-erTs. Cveulebriv sityvas<br />
“disciplina” aqvs Semdegi mniSvnelobebi:<br />
1. D<strong>da</strong>sja;<br />
2. wesrigi <strong>organizacia</strong>Si;<br />
3. treningi, romelic ayalibebs <strong>da</strong> aZlierebs sasurvel moqmedebas an<br />
asworebs arasasurvel moqmedebas <strong>da</strong> aviTarebs TviTkontrols.<br />
zogi<strong>erTi</strong> menejerisTvis es sityva asocirdeba Zal<strong>da</strong>tanebasTan. isini<br />
termins ukavSireben im TanamSromelTa <strong>da</strong>sjas, romlebic arRveven wesebs an<br />
normebs. sxva menejerebi disciplinas Tvlian, rogorc saqmeTa zogad<br />
mdgomareobas – mowesrigebul garemoebas, sa<strong>da</strong>c TanamSromlebi moqmedeben<br />
miRebuli saqcielis stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis Sesabamisad. Aamgvarad gansazRvruli es<br />
sityva SeiZleba CaiTvalos <strong>da</strong>debiTad, roca TanamSromlebi survilisamebr<br />
iyeneben TviTkontrols <strong>da</strong> icaven organizaciis wesebs.<br />
Mmesame ganmarteba gulisxmobs xelmZRvanelobis iaraRs, romelic<br />
TanamSromelTa arasasurveli saqcielis gamosasworeblad gamoiyeneba<br />
disciplinas mimarTaven rogorc konstruqciul saSualebas, romliTac<br />
uzrunvelyofen TanamSromlebis saqmianobis Sesabamisobas aRiarebul<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan. Mmravali <strong>organizacia</strong>, rogoricaa “godiar aerosfeisi” <strong>da</strong><br />
arizonas saxelmwifo universiteti, gansazRvaravs am termins Tavisi<br />
politikis saxelmZRvaneloebSi, rogorc trenings, romelic “asworebs,<br />
ayalibebs an srulyofs codnas, urTierTobebs, <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebs, qcevas, an<br />
marTvas maT”. disciplina ganixileba, rogorc saSualeba TanamSromelTa<br />
susti muSaobis gamosasworeblad, <strong>da</strong> ara rogorc ubralod <strong>da</strong>sja<br />
<strong>da</strong>rRvevisTvis. rogorc es organizaciebi aRniSnaven, disciplina un<strong>da</strong><br />
CaiTvalos, rogorc TanamSromelTa treningis meTodi maTi samsaxurebrivi<br />
urTierTobebis an muSaobis procesis gasaumjobeseblad. Aaseve sainteresoa<br />
aRvniSnoT, rom sityva “disciplina” warmoSobilia sityva “disciple”-isagan,<br />
rac niSnavs “mxar<strong>da</strong>mWers” an “moswavles”. mkvlevarTa Zalian mcire nawilis<br />
azriT, amis gavlenaa is, rom kargi disciplina <strong>da</strong>fuZnebulia karg<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobiT xelmZRvanelobaze.<br />
D<br />
disciplinaruli problemis Semowmeba<br />
iSviaTia iseTi menejeri, romelic intuiciurad grZnobs, Tu rogor<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gamoikvlios TanamSromlis araswori moqmedeba. Zalian xSirad<br />
gamokvlevebi tardeba SemTxveviTi gziT; uares SemTxvevaSi, isini<br />
uTvalTvaleben, akvirdebian erT an met Semowmebis obieqts. TanamSromleze<br />
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<strong>da</strong>kvirvebebis Catarebis dros mniSvnelovania viyoT obieqturebi <strong>da</strong> Tavi<br />
avaridoT varaudebs <strong>da</strong> cilis wamebas, rac xSirad Tan sdevs aseT<br />
SemTxvevebs. sqema 13.9 warmogvidgens Svid kiTxvas, rom ganvixiloT<br />
gamoZiebis dros TanamSromlis <strong>da</strong>rRveva. TiToeul kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema<br />
sando informaciis miwodebis SemTxvevaSi, uzrunvelyofs srul <strong>da</strong><br />
samarTlian Semowmebas, piradi ciliswamebis gareSe.<br />
TanamSromlis araswori moqmedebis dokumentebiT <strong>da</strong>mtkiceba<br />
“es metad rTulia”. “me dros arc ki vkargav amaSi”. “me ufro<br />
mniSvnelovani saqmeebi maqvs gasakeTebeli”, _ amgvar sababebs xSirad iyeneben<br />
menejerebi, romlebmac ver <strong>da</strong>amtkices dokumentebiT TanamSromlis araswori<br />
moqmedebis SemTxvevebi. araadekvaturi dokumentaciis yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
mizezia is, rom menejerebs warmodgena ara aqvT, ras un<strong>da</strong> moicavdes kargi<br />
dokumentacia. samwuxarod, radganac menejerebs ar SeuZliaT TanamSromlis<br />
araswori moqmedebis zustad <strong>da</strong>fiqsireba, aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios Semdgomi<br />
disciplinaruli RonisZiebis gauqmeba. zusti <strong>da</strong> srulyofili samuSao<br />
Canawerebis mopoveba efeqturi disciplinaruli sistemis mniSvnelovan<br />
nawils warmoadgens. srulyofili dokumentaciisTvis is un<strong>da</strong> moicavdes<br />
Semdeg rva punqts:<br />
1. SemTxvevis (SemTxvevebis) TariRi, dro <strong>da</strong> adgili;<br />
2. TanamSromlis uaryofiTi moqmedeba an saqcieli – problema;<br />
3. Aam moqmedebis an saqcielis Sedegebi TanamSromlis mier samuSaos<br />
Sesrulebaze <strong>da</strong>/an TanamSromlis samuSao jgufis saqmianobaze;<br />
4. winaswari ganxilvebi TanamSromelTan problemis Sesaxeb;<br />
5. Ggasatarebeli disciplinaruli RonisZieba <strong>da</strong> mosalodneli<br />
specialuri gaumjobeseba;<br />
6. Sedegebi, Tu gaumjobeseba ar iqna miRebuli <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi TariRi;<br />
7. TanamSromlis reaqcia ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelis mcdelobaze Secvalos misi<br />
saqcieli;<br />
8. SemTxvevis mowmeTa saxelebi (Tu SesaZlebelia).<br />
D<br />
dokumentaciis momzadebis dros mniSvnelovania menejerma Caiweros,<br />
<strong>da</strong>afiqsiros SemTxveva <strong>da</strong>rRvevis moxdenisTanave, roca jer kidev kargad<br />
axsovs faqti <strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyos, rom Canaweri iyos zusti <strong>da</strong> srulyofili.<br />
Ddokumentacia ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos vrceli, magram is un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes zemoT<br />
naxseneb rva sakiTxs. <strong>da</strong>imaxsovreT: menejeris mier gakeTebuli Canawerebi<br />
TanamSromlis araswori moqmedebis Sesaxeb warmoadgens saqmis dokumentebs,<br />
<strong>da</strong> isini un<strong>da</strong> iyos misaRebi, rogorc mtkicebuleba arbitraJis <strong>da</strong>kiTxvebSi,<br />
administraciul procesebze <strong>da</strong> sasamarTloebSi. rogorc erT-erTma<br />
menejerma seminarze aRniSna disciplinis Sesaxeb, “roca gamosasworebel<br />
RonisZiebas vatarebT TanamSromlis winaaRmdeg, srulyofili <strong>da</strong> obieqturi<br />
disciplinaruli Canaweris mopovebas imdenad didi roli eniWeba, rom misi<br />
mniSvnelobis Sefaseba ubralod SeuZlebelia”.<br />
disciplinaruli Semowmebebis, gamokvlevebis ganxilva<br />
1. ras warmoadgens <strong>da</strong>rRveva gansakuTrebul pirobebSi?<br />
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• <strong>da</strong>rwmunebulia Tu ara xelmZRvaneloba, rom kargad acnobierebs<br />
TanamSromlis mimarT wayenebul sasjels;<br />
• TanamSromeli namdvilad gaaTavisufles <strong>da</strong>umorCileblobisTvis,<br />
Tu ubralod uari Tqva xelmZRvanelobis moTxovnaze;<br />
2. ico<strong>da</strong> Tu ara TanamSromelma, rom igi arasworad iqceo<strong>da</strong><br />
• romeli wesi an debuleba <strong>da</strong>irRva;<br />
• sai<strong>da</strong>n un<strong>da</strong> scodno<strong>da</strong> TanamSromels am wesis arsebobis Sesaxeb;<br />
• gafrTxilebuli iyo Tu ara TanamSromeli mosalodneli Sedegis<br />
Sesaxeb;<br />
3. <strong>da</strong>mnaSavea Tu ara TanamSromeli<br />
• faqtebis ra wyaroebi arsebobs;<br />
• Aarsebobs Tu ara <strong>da</strong>naSaulis pir<strong>da</strong>piri mtkicebuleba Tu mxolod<br />
arapir<strong>da</strong>piri mtkicebuleba arsebobs;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>elaparaka Tu ara vinme TanamSromels <strong>da</strong> gaigo Tu ara misi<br />
pozicia SemTxvevasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT;<br />
4.Aarsebobs Tu ara Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebi<br />
• sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebma urTierTsawinaaRmdego brZanebebi misces<br />
Tu ara;<br />
• hqon<strong>da</strong> Tu ara vinmes am TanamSromlis “gagdebis” raime mizezi;<br />
• Hhqon<strong>da</strong> Tu ara adgili raime provokacias menejeris an sxva<br />
TanamSromlis mxri<strong>da</strong>n TanamSromlis mimarT;<br />
5. wess yvela Tanabrad icav<strong>da</strong> Tu ara;<br />
• Ymtkiced icav<strong>da</strong> yvela menejeri am wess Tu ara<br />
• Aaqamde ra sasjels iReb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mrRvevi piri;<br />
• Aam <strong>da</strong>rRvevaSi sxva TanamSromlebic iyvnen CarTulni Tu ara;<br />
6. <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia Tu ara <strong>da</strong>rRveva samuSaosTan<br />
• arsebobs Tu ara mtkicebuleba, rom <strong>da</strong>rRvevam ziani miayena<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>s;<br />
• xelmZRvaneloba moralur <strong>da</strong>skvnebs akeTebs Tu saqmianobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvnebs;<br />
7. rogoria TanamSromlis muSaobis warsuli monacemebi<br />
• ramdeni welia, rac TanamSromeli <strong>organizacia</strong>Si muSaobs;<br />
• ramdeni weli an Tvea, rac TanamSromels ukavia amJamindeli<br />
Tanamdeboba;<br />
• rogoria TanamSromlis piradi saqme saerTod, gansakuTrebiT misi<br />
disciplinaruli monacemebi.<br />
sagamoZiebo saubari<br />
disciplinaruli RonisZiebis gatarebamde un<strong>da</strong> moxdes gasaubreba,<br />
raTa gavigoT, TanamSromlebi garkveulni arian Tu ara srulad am<br />
<strong>da</strong>rRvevaSi. Ees gasaubreba saWiroa, radganac SeiZleba ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelis<br />
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varaudebi TanamSromlis saqcielis Sesaxeb ar aRmoCndes zusti. Ees<br />
gasaubreba gaarkvevs, am <strong>da</strong>rRvevam rogor imoqme<strong>da</strong> saqmianobasa <strong>da</strong> samuSaos<br />
qceviT stan<strong>da</strong>rtebze. is ar un<strong>da</strong> Caerios pirad saqmeSi <strong>da</strong> ar un<strong>da</strong> Seexos<br />
iseT sakiTxebs, romlebic ar <strong>aris</strong> <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli samsaxurTan. rac yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovania, TanamSromels un<strong>da</strong> mieces sruli SesaZlebloba Tavis mxriv<br />
axsnas sakiTxi, ise rom gamovlindes is naklovanebebi, romlebze<strong>da</strong>c<br />
pasuxismgebelia <strong>organizacia</strong>.<br />
Kkompania “NLRB v Weingarten”–is SemTxvevaSi, uzenaesi sasamarTlo<br />
<strong>da</strong>exmara SromiTi urTierTobebis erovnul sabWos, romelic icavs<br />
TanamSromlis uflebas <strong>organizacia</strong>Si sagamoZiebo gasaubrebis dros.<br />
sasamarTlom ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita, rom profkavSiris warmomadgenlis <strong>da</strong>swreba kargi<br />
iqnebo<strong>da</strong> TanamSromlebsa <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobas Soris uflebamosilebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>balansebisTvis, vinai<strong>da</strong>n kavSiris warmomadgenels SeeZlo <strong>da</strong>xmarebo<strong>da</strong><br />
TanamSromels, romelic iyo “metismetad SeSinebuli an zustad ver yvebo<strong>da</strong><br />
incidents, an ver asaxeleb<strong>da</strong> Semamsubuqebel faqtorebs”. “veingarTenis”<br />
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom miiRo Semdegi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba: TanamSromels<br />
mizezi hqon<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>eSva, rom sagamoZiebo <strong>da</strong>kiTxvas SeiZleba mohyolo<strong>da</strong> iseTi<br />
RonisZieba, rac riskis qveS <strong>da</strong>ayeneb<strong>da</strong> misi samuSaos <strong>da</strong>cvas. Amis gamo mas<br />
mieca warmomadgenlis yolis ufleba.<br />
mniSvnelovania aseve aRvniSnoT, rom TanamSromlis warmomadgenlis<br />
yolis ufleba <strong>organizacia</strong>Si ar vrceldeba xelmZRvanelobasTan mimdinare<br />
yvela gasaubrebaze. A“veingarTenis” SemTxveva warmogvidgens kargad<br />
gansazRvrul SezRudvebs TanamSromlis warmomadgenlis yolis uflebebze.<br />
am uflebebis SemzRudveli wesebi Semdegia:<br />
1. warmomadgenlis yolis uflebebi vrceldeba mxolod sagamoZiebo<br />
<strong>da</strong>kiTxvebze, <strong>da</strong> ara samuSao pirobebis rigiT ganxilvebze;<br />
2. Uuflebebi warmoiSoba mxolod incidentebis SemTxvevaSi, roca<br />
TanamSromeli saWiroebs warmomadgenlis yolas <strong>da</strong> TanamSromels<br />
sjera, rom <strong>da</strong>kiTxvas SeiZleba mohyves <strong>da</strong>sja;<br />
3. xelmZRvaneloba ar <strong>aris</strong> valdebuli molaparakeba awarmoos<br />
TanamSromlis warmomadgenelTan.<br />
Tu TanamSromlebi <strong>da</strong> administracia am wesebs asruleben, menejerebs<br />
ar sWirdebaT sagamoZiebo <strong>da</strong>kiTxvebis warmoeba. “veingarTenis”<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba TanamSromels ar aZlevs sagamoZiebo <strong>da</strong>kiTxvis garantias;<br />
is mxolod aniWebs warmomadgenlis yolis uflebas saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
Kkanoni TanamSromlebs ar aZlevs nebas gaauqmon sagamoZiebo gasaubreba,<br />
Tu saWiro gax<strong>da</strong> warmomadgenlis yola, <strong>da</strong> maSin xelmZRvaneloba<br />
gaagrZelebs gamoZiebas sxva saTanado saSualebebiT. menejerebs urCeven, rom<br />
konsultacia aiRon samarTlebriv sferoSi raime RonisZiebis gatarebamde.<br />
Ddisciplinaruli RonisZiebis mimarTulebebi, <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebi<br />
Tu mTlianad gamoZiebam aCvena, rom TanamSromelma <strong>da</strong>arRvia<br />
organizaciis wesi, maSin un<strong>da</strong> gatardes disciplinaruli RonisZieba.<br />
disciplinaruli RonisZiebis ori mimarTuleba arsebobs: progresuli <strong>da</strong>sja<br />
<strong>da</strong> pozitiuri <strong>da</strong>sja.<br />
Pprogresuli <strong>da</strong>sja<br />
80
saerTod <strong>da</strong>sjas progresuli Tvisebebi aqvs. ganmartebis mixedviT,<br />
“progresuli disciplina” gulisxmobs gamosasworebeli RonisZiebebis<br />
gamoyenebas mzardi x<strong>aris</strong>xebiT. progresuli disciplina gankuTvnilia, rom<br />
gamoasworos TanamSromlis araswori moqmedeba bunebrivad. teqnika miznad<br />
isaxavs problemis mogvarebas adreul etapze, mxolod sakm<strong>aris</strong>i<br />
gamosasworebeli RonisZiebis gamoyenebiT, raTa aRmovfxvraT <strong>da</strong><br />
~vumkurnaloT~ am <strong>da</strong>rRvevebs. Tumca disciplinaruli moqmedebis Sedegi <strong>da</strong><br />
simkacre <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia <strong>da</strong>rRvevis tipze <strong>da</strong> Semamsubuqebel garemoebebze.<br />
radganac yoveli situacia Taviseburad gansakuTrebulia, mravali faqtori<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iqnes miRebuli mxedvelobaSi disciplinaruli moqmedebis x<strong>aris</strong>xis<br />
gansazRvris dros. zogi<strong>erTi</strong> faqtori mocemulia 13.9 sqemaze.<br />
tipuri progresuli <strong>da</strong>sjis meTodi moicavs oTx safexurs. zepir<br />
gafrTxilebas (an rCevas), rom ara<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeli saqcieli an moqmedeba<br />
SemdgomSi ar iqneba <strong>da</strong>usjelad <strong>da</strong>tovebuli, mas SeiZleba mohyves<br />
werilobiTi gafrTxileba, suspensia ga<strong>da</strong>saxadis gareSe <strong>da</strong> ganTavisufleba.<br />
“Banner Health System” –is mier gamoyenebuli progresiuli <strong>da</strong>sja naCvenebia<br />
HRM 2-Si. ganTavisuflebis “mTavari <strong>da</strong>sja” gamoiyeneba rogorc saboloo<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba. organizaciebi Cveulebriv iyeneben disciplinaruli<br />
moqmedebebis sust formebs Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT martivi SromiTi problemebisTvis.<br />
menejerebma un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>imaxsovron, rom sami mniSvnelovani ram xdeba<br />
progresuli disciplinis saTanadod gamoyenebis dros:<br />
1. TanamSromlebma yovelTvis ician, ra moeliT <strong>da</strong>rRvevis SemTxvevaSi;<br />
2. TanamSromlebma ician, ra gaumjobesebaa maTgan mosalodneli;<br />
3. TanamSromlebi acnobiereben, ra moxdeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu<br />
gaumjobeseba ar iqneba miRweuli.<br />
P<br />
pozitiuri <strong>da</strong>sja<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom progresuli disciplina yvelaze popularuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaa TanamSromelTa saqcielis gamosasworeblad, am bolo<br />
dros zogierTma menejerma kiTxvis niSnis qveS <strong>da</strong>ayena misi logika. maT<br />
aRniSnes, rom mas aqvs garkveuli naklovanebebi, maT Soris misi<br />
SemaSinebeli <strong>da</strong> sawinaaRmdego xasiaTi, romelic xels uSlis sasurveli<br />
miznis miRwevas. am mizezebis gamo, organizaciebi, rogoricaa “tampa<br />
eleqtrik kompani”, ouSen sprei”, texasis gonebrivi Seferxebebis<br />
ganyofileba, “penzoili” <strong>da</strong> “bei earia refid tranziti” iyeneben<br />
egreTwodebul “<strong>da</strong>debiT” <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas, anu ara<strong>da</strong>sjad disciplinas.<br />
pozitiuri disciplina <strong>da</strong>fuZnebulia principze, rom TanamSromlebma un<strong>da</strong><br />
ikisron valdebuleba TavianT pirad qcevaze, agreTve samuSaos Sesrulebaze.<br />
pozitiuri disciplina moiTxovs TanamSromlobiT garemos, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
TanamSromlebi <strong>da</strong> maTi ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebi CarTulni arian erTobliv<br />
ganxilvasa <strong>da</strong> problemaTa ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetaSi, raTa moagvaron TanamSromelTa<br />
upasuxismgeblobis incidentebi. Ees <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba koncentrirebulia<br />
araswori moqmedebis adreul gamosworebaze, <strong>da</strong> TanamSromelma un<strong>da</strong> aiRos<br />
sruli pasuxismgebloba problemis mogvarebaze. yvela ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>mtkiceba erToblivad miiRweva. Aa<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis menejerebi xSirad<br />
pozitiur <strong>da</strong>sjas aRweren, rogorc “ara<strong>da</strong>sjad disciplinas, romelic<br />
muqarebsa <strong>da</strong> sasjels cvlis mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT”.<br />
maSin roca pozitiuri <strong>da</strong>sja emsgavseba progresul <strong>da</strong>sjas, misi<br />
mniSvneloba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom amgvari <strong>da</strong>sjisas TanamSromels<br />
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sayvedurs ki ar ucxadeben, aramed Seaxseneben ama Tu im wess <strong>da</strong> amas<br />
iyeneben, rogorc saSualebas saqmianobis gaumjobesebisaTvis. warmoadgens<br />
TanamSromels Seaxsenos, rogorc saSualeba saqmianobis gasaumjobeseblad,<br />
vidre sayveduri gamoucxados.Ees teqnika xorcieldeba sam safexurad.<br />
Ppirvel etaps warmoadgens Sexvedra TanamSromelsa <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvels Soris.<br />
Sexvedris mizania ganxilvis saSualebiT, TanamSromelTan zepiri<br />
SeTanxmebiT, moZebnon problemi<strong>da</strong>n gamosavali, raTa gaaumjobeson misi<br />
muSaoba. ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveli Tavs ikavebs sayvedurebisgan an Semdgomi<br />
disciplinaruli RonisZiebiT <strong>da</strong>muqrebisgan. ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebs SeuZliaT<br />
Caiweron es Sexvedra, magram es werilobiTi Canaweri ar Seinaxeba<br />
TanamSromlis pirad saqmeSi, Tu msgavsi saqcieli ar ganmeor<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Tu pirvel nabijs ar mohyva gaumjobeseba, supervaizeri atarebs meore<br />
TaTbirs TanamSromelTan, raTa gaarkvios pirvel TaTbirze miRebulma<br />
SeTanxmebam ratom ar gaamarTla. Aam etapze werilobiTi Sexseneba eZleva<br />
TanamSromels. am dokumentSi mocemulia problemis axali an ganmeorebiTi<br />
mogvareba, imis <strong>da</strong>mowmebiT, rom gaumjobeseba warmoadgens TanamSromlis<br />
valdebulebasa <strong>da</strong> muSaobis gagrZelebis pirobas.<br />
Tu ori TaTbiri ar gamoiRebs sasurvel Sedegebs, mesame nabiji un<strong>da</strong><br />
ganxorcieldes – TanamSromels un<strong>da</strong> miscen erTdRiani anazRaurebadi<br />
Svebuleba, raTa miiRos ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba. Eam anazRaurebadi Svebulebis<br />
mizania, rom TanamSromelma ga<strong>da</strong>wyvitos, un<strong>da</strong> Tu ara muSaobis gagrZeleba<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si. O<strong>organizacia</strong> uxdis safasurs am SvebulebisTvis, imis<br />
gamosaxatavad, rom surs TanamSromlis SenarCuna. es anazRaureba amave dros<br />
aRmofxvris uaryofiT Sedegebs, romlebic <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia TanamSromlis<br />
<strong>erTi</strong> dRis gacdenasTan. TanamSromlebi, romelTac Svebuleba eZlevaT<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis misaRebad, iZulebulni arian meore dRes <strong>da</strong>brundnen<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebiT: aiRon sruli pasuxismgebloba muSaobis gasaumjobeseblad<br />
an <strong>da</strong>tovon <strong>organizacia</strong>. Tu valdebulebas ar aiRebs Tavis Tavze,<br />
TanamSromeli ganTavisufldeba im mizeziT, rom igi <strong>organizacia</strong>s<br />
upasuxismgeblod ekideba.<br />
Bbaneris jan<strong>da</strong>cvis sistemis koreqciuli moqmedebis procesi<br />
roca saWiro xdeba koreqciuli moqmedeba, menejerebma problemis<br />
gamosasworeblad un<strong>da</strong> ganaxorcielon yvelaze <strong>da</strong>bali donis moqmedeba,<br />
maSinac ki, Tu es moiTxovs adre gamoyenebuli RonisZiebis ganmeorebas.<br />
Bbaners sjera, rom progresuli koreqciuli moqmedebis procesi<br />
TanamSromlisa <strong>da</strong> baneris interess warmoadgens. progresuli koreqciuli<br />
moqmedeba ar <strong>aris</strong> gansazRvruli <strong>da</strong>sjisTvis, aramed imisaTvis, rom<br />
TanamSromlebma, gamoxaton gaumjobesebis saWiroeba. yvela faqti, maT Soris<br />
muSaobis xangrZlivoba, saqmianoba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>swreba gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba.<br />
TanamSromlisTvis araoficialuri rCeva SeiZleba sakm<strong>aris</strong>i aRmoCndes<br />
saqmianobis an <strong>da</strong>swrebis problemebis gamosasworeblad <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> iqnes<br />
gamoyenebuli koreqciuli moqmedebis ganxorcielebamde. Ees saSualebas<br />
iZleva TanamSromelTan erTad ganvixiloT problema, xelmisawvdomi<br />
resursebi <strong>da</strong> problemis mogvarebis gzebi.<br />
• Ppirveli safexuri: zepiri gafrTxileba. TanamSromelTan erTad<br />
ganixileT problema, aRniSneT, ra <strong>aris</strong> saWiro problemis<br />
gamosasworeblad. garkveviT uTxariT TanamSromels, rom es <strong>aris</strong> zepiri<br />
gafrTxileba, <strong>da</strong> werilobiTi gafrTxileba miecema, Tu saqmianobas an<br />
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<strong>da</strong>swrebas ar gaaumjobesebs. es moqmedeba ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelma un<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>asabuTos <strong>da</strong> Seinaxos saqmeSi momavali <strong>da</strong>xasiaTebisTvis. aseTi<br />
gafrTxilebis Canaweri ar inaxeba TanamSromlis oficialur pirad<br />
saqmeSi.<br />
• Mmeore safexuri: werilobiTi gafrTxileba: Tu zepiri gafrTxilebis<br />
gamocxadebis Semdeg ar aRiniSna sakm<strong>aris</strong>i gaumjobeseba saqmianobasa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>swrebaSi, maSin amas werilobiTi gafrTxileba mohyveba. Pproblema <strong>da</strong><br />
Sesabamisi faqtebi un<strong>da</strong> iqnes aRwerili koreqciuli moqmedebis formaSi.<br />
TanamSromels un<strong>da</strong> uTxran, rom Tu saqmianoba an <strong>da</strong>swreba ar<br />
gaumjobesdeba, ganxorcieldeba Semdgomi koreqciuli RonisZieba<br />
saboloo werilobiTi gafrTxilebis formaSi an suspensiaSi. Aam<br />
gafrTxilebis Canaweri Senaxuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos TanamSromlis pirad saqmeSi.<br />
• Mmesame safexuri: saboloo werilobiTi gafrTxileba <strong>da</strong> suspensia: Tu<br />
ar aRiniSneba <strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeli gaumjobeseba werilobiTi<br />
gafrTxilebis Semdeg, ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelma un<strong>da</strong> gaagrZelos procesi saboloo<br />
werilobiTi gafrTxilebiT an samsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n droebiTi <strong>da</strong>TxovniT.<br />
droebiTi <strong>da</strong>Txovna SeiZleba moxdes <strong>erTi</strong> an sami dRiT progresuli<br />
moqmedebis procesSi anazRaurebis gareSe. TanamSromlebs un<strong>da</strong> urCion,<br />
rom suspensia bolo safexuria ganTavisuflebamde <strong>da</strong> es dro un<strong>da</strong><br />
gamoiyenos, rom ga<strong>da</strong>wyvitos, SeuZlia Tu ara Tavisi saqmianobis an<br />
<strong>da</strong>swrebis problemis gamosworeba. TanamSromels un<strong>da</strong> auxsnan, rom<br />
saboloo werilobiTi gafrTxileba bolo safexuria ganTavisuflebamde.<br />
suspensiebi <strong>da</strong> saboloo werilobiTi gafrTxilebebi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mtkicdes<br />
Sesabamisi informaciiT <strong>da</strong> wina koreqciuli moqmedebis safexurebis<br />
TariRebi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>fiqsirdes koreqciuli moqmedebis formaSi.<br />
• meoTxe safexuri: ganTavisufleba. ganTavisuflebis saboloo<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebamde supervaizerma TanamSromelTan erTad un<strong>da</strong><br />
ganixilos sakiTxi/SemTxveva, ramac gamoiwvia misi ganTavisuflebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba. Tu TanamSromeli iZleva informacias, romelic<br />
saWiroebs gamokvlevas, ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelma un<strong>da</strong> gamoyos garkveuli dro amis<br />
Sesasruleblad. Tu ar arsebobs axali informacia, maSin a<strong>da</strong>mianuri<br />
resursebis departamentTan un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes konsultacia<br />
TanamSromlis ganTavisuflebamde. ganTavisuflebis Setyobinebis forma<br />
un<strong>da</strong> Seivsos TanamSromlis ganTavisuflebis dros. gancxadeba un<strong>da</strong><br />
a<strong>da</strong>sturebdes zepiri, werilobiTi <strong>da</strong> saboloo werilobiTi<br />
gafrTxilebisa <strong>da</strong> droebiTi <strong>da</strong>Txovnis <strong>da</strong>dgenilebis TariRebs. iq aseve<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos aRniSnuli is konkretuli SemTxvevebi, romlebmac ganapiroba<br />
es ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba <strong>da</strong> sxva nebismieri moqmedeba, romelic gatar<strong>da</strong> an is<br />
pirobebi, romlebic SesTavazes TanamSromels problemis<br />
gamosasworeblad.<br />
D<strong>da</strong>uyovnebeli moqmedeba<br />
xan<strong>da</strong>xan <strong>da</strong>rRveva iseTi seriozulia, rom saWiroa <strong>da</strong>uyovnebeli<br />
koreqciuli RonisZiebis gatareba ganTavisuflebamde an TviT<br />
ganTavisufleba. Tu saWiro gax<strong>da</strong> TanamSromlis samsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n gaSveba,<br />
83
<strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv SeaCereT misi muSaoba gamosakvlevad, rac ar un<strong>da</strong> gagrZeldes<br />
ramdenime dReze met xans. Aar arsebobs “samuSao adgilzeve” TanamSromlis<br />
ganTavisuflebis mizezi. gamoZiebam SeiZleba gamoavlinos, rom<br />
disciplinaruli moqmedeba ar iyo Sesaferisi. aseT SemTxvevebSi<br />
TanamSromels aunazRaurdeba Tanamdebobi<strong>da</strong>n droebiTi ga<strong>da</strong>yenebis<br />
periodis (dReebis) safasuri.<br />
pozitiuri disciplinis procesi<br />
pirveli TaTbiri<br />
(zepiri Sexseneba)<br />
• ganixileT saqmianobis stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi<br />
an TanamSromlis qceviTi molodini;<br />
• moipoveT TanamSromlis valdebuleba<br />
<strong>da</strong>akmayofilos stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi<br />
(miTiTeba ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelis saqmeSi).<br />
meore TaTbiri<br />
(werilobiTi Sexseneba)<br />
• gansazRvreT, ratom un<strong>da</strong> mogvardes problema;<br />
• warudgineT TanamSromels problemis werilobiTi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba;<br />
• moipoveT TanamSromlis valdebuleba<br />
<strong>da</strong>akmayofilos stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi<br />
(miTiTeba TanamSromlis saqmeSi).<br />
aRiareba <strong>da</strong> ganmtkiceba<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis misaRebi Svebuleba/ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis dRe<br />
• mieciT <strong>erTi</strong> anazRaurebadi Svebulebis dRe;<br />
• moipoveT TanamSromlis valdebuleba<br />
<strong>da</strong>akmayofilos stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi an <strong>da</strong>tovos samsaxuri<br />
(miTiTeba TanamSromlis saqmeSi).<br />
ganTavisufleba<br />
TanamSromlebis ganTavisufleba<br />
roca TanamSromlebi ver icaven organizaciis wesebsa <strong>da</strong> normebs,<br />
saboloo disciplinarul RonisZiebas umetes SemTxvevebSi warmoadgens<br />
ganTavisufleba. radganac ganTavisuflebas aseTi seriozuli Sedegebi<br />
mohyveba TanamSromlisTvis (<strong>da</strong> SesaZloa organizaciisTvisac), is un<strong>da</strong><br />
ganxorcieldes mxolod SemTxvevis kargad gaazrebuli <strong>da</strong> auCqarebeli<br />
84
ganxilvis Semdeg. Tu TanamSromeli gamoagdes, mas SeuZlia Seitanos sarCeli<br />
arasamarTlianad ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, rom samsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>Txovna mox<strong>da</strong><br />
arasamarTlianad an arasakm<strong>aris</strong>i mizeziT, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom<br />
xelmZRvaneloba arasamarTlianad eqceo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Tu TanamSromlis ganTavisufleba gamowveuli iyo saTanado mizeziT,<br />
ras niSnavs TanamSromlisadmi samarTliani mopyroba?Eam kiTxvaze pasuxis<br />
gacema advili ar <strong>aris</strong>, magram stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi namdvilad arsebobs, romlebic<br />
aregulireben samarTlian ganTavisuflebas SromiTi samarTlis sferoSi<br />
SemuSavebuli wesebis farglebSi. es wesebi Seicavs mTel rig principebs,<br />
romlebsac iyeneben mosamarTleebi ganTavisuflebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul<br />
saqmeebSi, raTa gansazRvron, hqon<strong>da</strong> Tu ara xelmZRvanelobas safuZvliani<br />
mizezi TanamSromlis ganTavisuflebisTvis. Ees principebi Cveulebriv<br />
Camoyalibebulia kiTxvebis formiT, romelic mocemulia 13.11 sqemaze.<br />
magaliTad, TanamSromlis ganTavisuflebamde menejerma winaswar<br />
gaafrTxila Tu ara SesaZlo disciplinaruli RonisZiebis Sesaxeb? nebismieri<br />
Svidi kiTxvis pasuxis gaucemloba niSnavs, rom is ar iyo safuZvliani <strong>da</strong><br />
administraciis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb iyo TviTneburi,<br />
<strong>da</strong>usabuTebeli, axirebuli an diskriminaciuli. am principebis mniSvneloba<br />
<strong>aris</strong> is, rom maT mimarTaven aramarto arbitrebi ganTavisuflebis<br />
SemTxvevebSi, aramed mosamarTleebic arasamarTlianad ganTavisuflebis<br />
Sesaxeb sarCelebis ganxilvisas, <strong>da</strong> EEOC diskriminaciuli <strong>da</strong>rRvevebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa seqsualuri Zaladoba. mniSvnelovania, rom menejerebi<br />
yvela doneze acnobierebdnen am safuZvlian principebs <strong>da</strong> maT swor<br />
gamoyenebas.<br />
ganTavisuflebis safuZvliani principebi<br />
1. <strong>organizacia</strong>m winaswar gaafrTxila Tu ara TanamSromeli misi moqmedebis<br />
SesaZlo disciplinarul Sedegebze;<br />
2. menejmentis moTxovnebi TanamSromlis mimarT mizanSewonili iyo<br />
organizaciis saqmianobis mowesrigebul, efeqtur <strong>da</strong> usafrTxo<br />
muSaobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT Tu ara;<br />
3. xelmZRvaneloba TanamSromlis ganTavisuflebamde saTanadod Seeca<strong>da</strong> Tu<br />
ara <strong>da</strong>e<strong>da</strong>sturebina, rom TanamSromlis muSaoba ara<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeli<br />
iyo;<br />
4. samarTlianad <strong>da</strong> obieqturad Catar<strong>da</strong> organizaciis gamoZieba Tu ara;<br />
5. gamoavlina Tu ara gamoZiebam <strong>da</strong>naSaulis sakm<strong>aris</strong>i mtkicebuleba;<br />
6. eqceo<strong>da</strong> Tu ara xelmZRvaneloba TanamSromels iseTive wesebiT,<br />
brZanebebiTa <strong>da</strong> sasjeliT, rogoriTac sxva TanamSromlebs msgavs<br />
situaciebSi;<br />
7. Seesabamebo<strong>da</strong> Tu ara ganTavisufleba TanamSromlis araswor saqciels<br />
(igulisxmeba <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli <strong>da</strong>rRvevis seriozuloba, TanamSromlis<br />
muSaobis Canaweri <strong>da</strong> raime Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebi).<br />
TanamSromlisTvis Setyobineba<br />
85
ganTavisuflebis mizezebi un<strong>da</strong> ganvixiloT TanamSromelTan erTad.<br />
yvelanairad un<strong>da</strong> vecadoT SevamsubuqoT ganTavisflebis Sedegad<br />
warmoSobili travma. TanamSromels un<strong>da</strong> ecnobos keTilsindisierad,<br />
taqtianad am moqmedebis zusti mizezebi. aseTi gulwrfeloba <strong>da</strong>exmareba mas<br />
gaigos problema <strong>da</strong> ganewyos konstruqciulad mis mimarT.<br />
SeiZleba, menejers surdes, momavali ganTavisuflebis sakiTxi<br />
ganixilos Sexvedraze Tavis kolegebTan erTad. Ees praqtika uzrunvelyofs,<br />
rom menejerisTvis cnobili yvela mniSvnelovani konfidencialuri sakiTxi<br />
<strong>da</strong>culi iyos. roca menejerebi fiqroben, rom Sexvedris Catareba <strong>aris</strong><br />
ganTavisuflebis sakiTxis ganxilvis erTad<strong>erTi</strong> swori gza, Semdegi<br />
principebi <strong>da</strong>gexmarebaT ganxilvis ufro efeqturad warmarTvaSi:<br />
1. midiT adgilze pirveli, ori-sami wuTiT adre, <strong>da</strong> logikurad<br />
CamoayalibeT ganTavisuflebis yvela mizezi;<br />
2. iyaviT pir<strong>da</strong>piri <strong>da</strong> mtkice, Tumca taqtiani, <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rCiT mtkice Tqvens<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebaSi;<br />
3. ganxilva un<strong>da</strong> moxdes calke, un<strong>da</strong> iyos saqmiani <strong>da</strong>, amasTan,<br />
lakoniuri;<br />
4. ar aurioT kargi <strong>da</strong> cudi erTmaneTSi. problemis Serbileba<br />
TanamSromlisTvis gaurkvevel Setyobinebas ganapirobebs;<br />
5. Tavi SeikaveT braldebebisgan TanamSromlis winaaRmdeg <strong>da</strong> nu CarTavT<br />
diskusiaSi pirad grZnobebs;<br />
6. nu <strong>da</strong>asaxelebT raime pirovnul gansxvavebebs Tqvensa <strong>da</strong><br />
TanamSromels Soris;<br />
7. miawodeT nebismieri informacia raime anazRaurebis gamoyofasa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>xmarebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT;<br />
8. auxseniT, rogor un<strong>da</strong> marTos muSaoba momaval <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebTan.<br />
ganTavisuflebis gansaxilveli Sexvedrebi un<strong>da</strong> Catardes neitralur<br />
adgilas, rogoricaa sakonferencio oTaxi, rom TanamSromelma ar igrZnos<br />
misadmi usamarTlod moqceva. ganTavisuflebis ganxilvis dros<br />
xelmZRvanelobam arasodes ar un<strong>da</strong> moaxdinos TanamSromelze provokacia,<br />
TanamSromels ar un<strong>da</strong> misces saSualeba mtrulad ganewyos administraciis<br />
mimarT. Tu agitaciis an Setevis raime niSnebi gamovlindeba, Sexvedra<br />
<strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv un<strong>da</strong> Sewydes <strong>da</strong> ecnobos <strong>da</strong>cvas an a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis<br />
departaments. erT-<strong>erTi</strong> samsaxuri aRniSnavs:<br />
“samuSao adgilis fataluri <strong>da</strong>rRvevis umetesi SemTxvevebi xdeba<br />
TanamSromlis ganTavisuflebis an sxvagvarad <strong>da</strong>sjis Semdeg. Uu<strong>da</strong>voa, rom<br />
Tu pirovnebas ukve aqvs Zaladobis Cadenisadmi fsiqologiuri midrekileba,<br />
disciplinaruli Sexvedra SeiZleba sakmaod <strong>da</strong>Zabuli iyos. ufro metic,<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebelma un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyos, rom Sexvedra Catardes aseTi Sedegis<br />
SesaZleblobis minimalizaciiT.<br />
sabolood, TanamSromelTa ganTavisufleba ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
Seuracxmyofeli. menejerebma ar un<strong>da</strong> gamoxaton, rom ganTavisuflebuli<br />
TanamSromlebi arakeTilsindisierni an arasando pirovnebebi iyvnen.Uufro<br />
metic, menejerebma arasodes ar un<strong>da</strong> ganixilon ganTavisufleba, cu<strong>da</strong>d ar<br />
un<strong>da</strong> moixsenion ganTavisuflebuli TanamSromlebi sxva TanamSromlebTan,<br />
momxmareblebTan an sxva pirebTan. Mmenejerebi am sakiTxSi metad<br />
sityvaZunwebi un<strong>da</strong> iyvnen. ganTavisuflebuli TanamSromlebi ufro <strong>da</strong> ufro<br />
86
metad uCivian sasamarTloSi imis <strong>da</strong>samtkiceblad, maTi ganTavisufleba<br />
ganpirobebuli iyo Tu ara saqmianobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli mizezebiT.<br />
Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi procedura<br />
xelmZRvanelobas tradiciulad aqvs ufleba mimarTos TanamSromlebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> gaataros koreqciuli RonisZieba saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi. Tumca isini<br />
amtkiceben, rom TanamSromlebma <strong>da</strong>arRvies organizaciis wesebi, mraval<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mians mainc sjera, rom TanamSromlebi ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>isajon Sesabamisi<br />
samarTlebrivi proceduris <strong>da</strong>cvis gareSe. Aa<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis<br />
menejerebi Cveulebriv gansazRvraven “Sesabamis samarTlebriv proceduras”,<br />
rogorc TanamSromlis uflebas mousminon mas - TanamSromlis uflebas<br />
<strong>da</strong>afiqsiros Tavisi pozicia SemTxvevasTan, organizaciis wesebis<br />
<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebul <strong>da</strong>rRvevasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. Sesabamisi procesi emsaxureba<br />
imas, rom xdeba TanamSromlis araswori moqmedebis sruli <strong>da</strong> saTanado<br />
gamoZieba. Cveulebriv Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi procedura miewodebaT<br />
TanamSromlebs <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis saapelacio procedurebis saSualebiT. Tumca<br />
aqtiuri ufrosebi <strong>da</strong>matebiT iyeneben Semdeg principebs an uflebebs<br />
Sesabamisi procesis TavianTi interpretaciiT:<br />
1. ufleba icode samsaxuris molodinebi <strong>da</strong> am molodinebis<br />
Seusruleblobis Sedegebi;<br />
2. ufleba wesebis <strong>da</strong>rRvevisTvis xelmZRvanelobis mosalodneli mkacri<br />
moqmedebis Sesaxeb;<br />
3. ufleba samarTliani <strong>da</strong>sjis Sesaxeb, romelic <strong>da</strong>fuZnebulia faqtebze,<br />
ufleba am faqtebis kiTxvis niSnis qveS <strong>da</strong>yenebis Sesaxeb, <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
ufleba;<br />
4. ufleba disciplinaruli moqmedebis gasaCivrebis Taobaze;<br />
5. ufleba progresuli <strong>da</strong>sjis Sesaxeb.<br />
alternatiuli <strong>da</strong>vebis mogvarebis meTodebi<br />
faqtobrivad yvela SromiT xelSekrulebaSi saCivris (<strong>da</strong>vebis)<br />
pirobebi gansazRvrulia. NaraprofkavSirულ organizaciebSi alternatiuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>vebis mogvarebis (ADR) principebi axlaxans SemuSav<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis<br />
interesს warmoSobs survili, <strong>da</strong>akmayofilos TanamSromelTa molodini, rom<br />
maT samarTlianad moepyron samsaxurSi, amgvari ;mopyrobis garantias<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi aZleven diskriminaciis pretenziebis an arasworad<br />
ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb saCivrebis minimalizaciis imediT. ADR principebma<br />
mowoneba <strong>da</strong>imsaxures aSS-is uzenaesi sasamarTlosga “Gilmer v Interstate/Jonson<br />
Lane Corp.” Kkompaniis SemTxvevis ganxilvisas. sasamarTlom <strong>da</strong>icva kerZo<br />
xelSekruleba, romelic moiTxov<strong>da</strong> asakobrivi diskriminaciis pretenziebis<br />
arbitraJs. arbitraJis uflebamosilebis gamoyenebam SromiTi <strong>da</strong>vebis<br />
mosagvareblad miiRo <strong>da</strong>matebiTi mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera 2001 wlis martSi, roca aSS-is<br />
uzenaesma sasamarTlom ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs SeuZliaT<br />
TanamSromlebs mosTxovon samsaxurTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli <strong>da</strong>vebi warudginon<br />
arbitrs. Ees mTavari ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba xelmZRvanelobas saSualebas aZlevs<br />
arbitraJis programebi <strong>da</strong>adginos, rogorc TanamSromlisTvis erTad<strong>erTi</strong><br />
saSualeba SromiTi pretenziebis mosagvareblad, sasamarTlo moqmedebis<br />
87
Secvla _ rogorc arCevani. 1991 wlis samoqalaqo uflebaTa aqtis 118-e<br />
nawilic mxars uWers ADR principebs, maT Soris arbitraJis gamoyenebas.<br />
zogi<strong>erTi</strong> <strong>organizacia</strong> icavs am principebs, rogorc<br />
TanamSromlebisTvis zeviT mimarTuli komunikaciis saSualebas <strong>da</strong> rogorc<br />
samuSao Zalis xasiaTis Sefasebis saSualebas. sxvebi ki am sistemebs<br />
miiCneven mcire problemebis mogvarebis saSualebad manam, sanam isini mTavar<br />
sakiTxebad ga<strong>da</strong>iqceva, amgvarad, isini xels uwyoben TanamSromlis moralis<br />
gaumjobesebasa <strong>da</strong> produqtiulobis gazr<strong>da</strong>s.<br />
gasaCivrebis procedurebi, romlebic am TavSi ganixileba etapobrivi<br />
ganxilvis sistemas warmoadgens. kolegebTan ganxilvis sistemas, momsmeni<br />
moxelis gamoyenebas, Ria politikas, saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcveliT sargeblobas,<br />
Suamavlobasa <strong>da</strong> arbitraJs.<br />
Eetapobrivi ganxilvis sistema<br />
Eetapobrivi ganxilvis sistema, romelic Seqmnilia menejmentis maRali<br />
doniT TanamSromelTa saCivrebis gansaxilvelad, <strong>da</strong>fuZnebulia winaswar<br />
Camoyalibebul mTel rig etapebze (Cveulebriv _ oTxze). Ees meTodebi<br />
profkavSiris saCivrebis sistemis safuZvelze SemuSav<strong>da</strong>, romelsac me-14<br />
TavSi ganvixilavT. magaliTad, am meTodebis mixedviT, TanamSromlis<br />
saCivari un<strong>da</strong> gaformdes, rogorc werilobiTi gancxadeba. menejerebma<br />
sruli reagireba un<strong>da</strong> moaxdinon ama Tu im ukmayofilebaze gansazRvrul<br />
periodSi, SesaZloa, sami an xuTi samuSao dRis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
TanamSromelma zogjer Tavi un<strong>da</strong> aaridos Tavis uSualo<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelTan Sexvedras, Tu TanamSromeli moelis represiebs am<br />
pirovnebisgan. gasaCivrebis sistemebisgan gansxvavebiT, profkavSiris<br />
organizaciebSi gasaCivrebis procedurebze neitraluri mesame mxare<br />
(arbitri) ar gamodis, rogorc bolo instanciis mosamarTle. etapobrivi<br />
ganxilvis umetes sistemebSi prezidenti, ufrosi aRmasrulebeli moxele,<br />
viceprezidenti, an a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis ufrosi moqmedebs, rogorc<br />
saboloo uflebamosilebis mqone piri, <strong>da</strong> am pirovnebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba ar<br />
eqvemdebareba gasaCivrebas. zogi<strong>erTi</strong> <strong>organizacia</strong> TanamSromlebs exmareba<br />
maTi saCivrebis (saqmeebis) momzadebaSi. magaliTad, TanamSromels, romelsac<br />
surs, miiRos rCeva an konsultacia, SeuZlia misi miReba kompetenturi<br />
pirisgan a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis departamentSi manam, sanam am sakiTxs<br />
ganixilavs xelmZRvanelobasTan.<br />
samwuxarod, ganxilvis sistemebma SeiZleba ver miiRon sasurveli<br />
Sedegebi. TanamSromlebma SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>ijeron, rom xelmZRvaneloba agvianebs<br />
reagirebas saCivrebze <strong>da</strong> rom administraciis reagireba xSirad ar agvarebs<br />
problemas. ufro metic, TanamSromlebma SeiZleba miiCnion, rom miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />
represiebis amkrZalavi strategiisa, ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebi mainc mimarTaven maT,<br />
rogorc TavianT uflebebs, rogorc es aRniSnulia ganxilvis sistemebSi. Eam<br />
problemebs ar mivyavarT im <strong>da</strong>skvnamde, rom yvela ganxilvis sistema<br />
uSedegoa <strong>da</strong> araefeqturi, magram xelmZRvanelobam gamafrTxilebeli zomebi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> miiRos, rom sistemebma gaamarTlos <strong>da</strong> mogvces sasurveli Sedegebi.<br />
88
konvenciuli etapobrivi ganxilvis saapelacio principi<br />
TanamSromeli – ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveli – departamentis ufrosi – a<strong>da</strong>mianuri<br />
resursebis departamenti – ufrosi xelmZRvaneloba<br />
PTanasworuflebiani ganxilvis sistemebi<br />
P Tanasworuflebiani ganxilvis sistema, e. w. saCivarTa komiteti Sedgeba<br />
TanamSromelTa warmomadgenlebisa <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobis mier <strong>da</strong>niSnuli<br />
pirebisagan, romlebic Tanabari raodenobiTaa warmodgenili. TanamSromlebi<br />
warmomadgenlebs Cveulebriv faruli kenWisyriT gansazRvruli vadiT<br />
irCeven, xelmZRvanelobis warmomadgenlebic iniSnebian monacvleobis<br />
safuZvelze. Tanasworuflebiani ganxilvis sistema moqmedebs, rogorc<br />
marTlmsajuleba, radganac misi wevrebi mtkicebulebas afaseben,<br />
argumentebs ganixilaven <strong>da</strong> ganxilvis Semdeg <strong>da</strong>moukideblad xmas saboloo<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas aZleven.<br />
Oorganizaciebi, rogoricaa “Turner Brothers Trucking”, “Northrop-Grumman”,<br />
“Polaroid”, “Citicorp”, PTanasworuflebiani ganxilvis sistemis erT-erT<br />
prioritetad miiCneven samarTlianobis grZnobas, rasac is iwvevs<br />
TanamSromlebSi. Tanasworuflebiani ganxilvis sistema SeiZleba<br />
gamoviyenoT, rogorc erTad<strong>erTi</strong> meTodi TanamSromelTa ukmayofilebis<br />
aRmosafxvrelad, an SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes etapobrivi ganxilvis<br />
sistemasTan erTad. magaliTad, Tu TanamSromeli ar <strong>aris</strong> kmayofili<br />
xelmZRvanelobis moqmedebiT pirvel <strong>da</strong> meore etapze (etapobrivi ganxilvis<br />
sistemis gamoyenebisas), mas SeuZlia warudginos saCivari<br />
Tanasworuflebiani ganxilvis komitets saboloo ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis<br />
misaRebad.<br />
“Ria k<strong>aris</strong>” politika<br />
“Ria k<strong>aris</strong>” politika Zveli saSualebaa TanamSromlis ukmayofilebis<br />
aRmosafxvrelad. Ffaqtobrivad, menejerTa umetesoba, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, maTma<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>m formalurad miiRo Tu ara “Ria k<strong>aris</strong>” politika, aRiarebs,<br />
iyenebs mas. tradiciuli “Ria k<strong>aris</strong>” politika gansazRvravs<br />
xelmZRvanelobis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva doneebs uSualo ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelis zemoT, visac<br />
SeiZleba gabrazebuli TanamSromeli <strong>da</strong>ukavSirdes; doneebi SeiZleba<br />
gavrceldes maRal Tanamdebobebze, rogoricaa viceprezidenti, prezidenti,<br />
an ufrosi aRmasrulebeli. Bbunebrivia, a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelic moqmedebs,<br />
rogorc “bolo instanciis sasamarTlo”, <strong>aris</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis<br />
direqtori an kadrebis ufrosi moxele.<br />
problemebi “Ria k<strong>aris</strong>” politikiT kargad gvardeba. <strong>aris</strong><br />
sirTuleebic: menejerebs ar surT patiosnad mousminon TanamSromelTa<br />
saCivrebs <strong>da</strong> piriqiT: TanamSromlebs ar surT mimarTon menejerebs TavianTi<br />
ukmayofilebebiT. erTxel TanamSromelma uTxra am teqstis avtors: “Cems<br />
menejers aqvs “Ria k<strong>aris</strong>” politika, magram kari Riaa mxolod <strong>erTi</strong> inCiT”.<br />
marTlac es TanamSromeli xvdeba, rom mas Zalian mcire Sansi aqvs raime<br />
gaawyos Tavis menejerTan. am sistemas Tan axlavs sxva problemebic. “Ria<br />
k<strong>aris</strong>” politika ver uzrunvelyofs mtkice ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebas,<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n is, rac samarTliania <strong>erTi</strong> menjerisTvis, SeiZleba miuRebeli<br />
aRmoCndes meorisTvis. maRali donis menejerebi mxars uWeren supervaizerebs<br />
89
imis gamo, rom uflebamosilebis Sesustebis eSiniaT. rogorc<br />
samarTlianobis sistema, “Ria k<strong>aris</strong>” politikac naklebi ndobiT sargeblobs<br />
TanamSromlebSi. Tumca “Ria k<strong>aris</strong>” politika xSirad warmatebulia, mas<br />
mxars uWers yvela donis xelmZRvaneloba. am sistemiT menejeri cdilobs<br />
SeinarCunos samarTlianisa <strong>da</strong> obieqturis reputacia.<br />
saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvelis sistema<br />
“Rockwell”, “Jonson&Jonson”, “Herman Miller”, “Morley Builders”, “Volvo” is<br />
kompaniebia, romlebic saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvelis eqspertizas iyenebe. saxalxo<br />
<strong>da</strong>mcveli <strong>aris</strong> konkretuli pirovneba, romlisganac TanamSromlebi rCevebs<br />
moelian TavianTi problemebis mosagvareblad. saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcveli usmens<br />
TanamSromlebis ukmayofilebas <strong>da</strong> cdilobs moagvaros is TanamSromelsa <strong>da</strong><br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvels Soris SuamavlobiT. Ees pirovneba TanamSromlobs orive<br />
mxaresTan SeTanxmebis <strong>misaRwevad</strong> <strong>da</strong> problemis ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad xSirad<br />
kritikuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis gamoyeneba uwevs. radganac saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvels<br />
ara aqvs uflebamosileba sabolood ga<strong>da</strong>wyvitos problema, kompromisebi<br />
ufro meta<strong>da</strong>a SesaZlebeli, Tanac yvela piri kmayofili un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rCes<br />
SedegiT.<br />
warmatebuli muSaobisTvis saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvels un<strong>da</strong> SeeZlos<br />
konfidencialur garemoSi muSaoba, riTac safrTxe ar eqmneba im menejerebis<br />
an TanaSemweebis usafrTxoebas, vinc CarTulni arian saCivarSi. saxalxo<br />
<strong>da</strong>mcvels ara aqvs ufleba uaryos TanamSromlis ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelis mier<br />
miRebuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba, man un<strong>da</strong> gaasaCivros ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba, Tu mas<br />
sjera, rom TanamSromels usamarTlod moeqcnen. TanamSromlebisTvis<br />
samarTlianobis miRwevaSi <strong>da</strong>xmarebis gar<strong>da</strong> saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvelebs SeuZliaT<br />
TviTon Seamowmon xelmZRvaneloba.<br />
Suamdgomloba<br />
arbitraJTan erTad Suamavloba ufro <strong>da</strong> ufro popularuli xdeba<br />
TanamSromelTa problemebis mosagvareblad. Suamdgomloba iyenebs sammxriv<br />
neitralitets (egreTwodebuli mediatori), raTa <strong>da</strong>exmaros muSakebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
xelmZRvanelobas orive mx<strong>aris</strong>Tvis misaRebi SeTanxmebis miRwevaSi.<br />
Suamdgomloba gulisxmobs kompromisze wasvlas, SeTanxmebas. mediatori<br />
Caatarebs Sexvedras TanamSromelTan <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobasTan, moismens<br />
TiToeuli mx<strong>aris</strong> pozicias, Seagrovebs faqtebs, <strong>da</strong> Semdeg ganxilvis,<br />
wina<strong>da</strong>debebisa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti argumentebis saSualebiT miaRwevs<br />
SeTanxmebas, romelic <strong>da</strong>akmayofilebs orive mx<strong>aris</strong> moTxovnebs. Mmediatori<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>n moqmedebs, rogorc faqtebis Semgrovebeli <strong>da</strong> mxareTa Soris<br />
kavSiris <strong>da</strong>mamyarebeli. arbitrisgan gansxvavebiT, mediatorebs ara aqvT<br />
ufleba an uflebamosileba aiZulon romelime mxare SeTanxmebasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. maT un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenon TavianTi komunikaciis unari <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>rwmunebis ufleba, raTa mxareebs maTi problemebis mogvarebaSi <strong>da</strong>exmaron.<br />
Suamdgomloba fleqsiuri procesia, romelmac SeiZleba<br />
<strong>da</strong>akmayofilos mxareTa moTxovnebi. agreTve is gamoiyeneba TanamSromelTa<br />
mTeli rigi problemebis ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad, maT Soris diskriminaciis<br />
pretenziebis an tradiciuli SromiTi <strong>da</strong>vebis mosagvareblad.<br />
TanamSromlebs moswonT es procesi misi araoficialurobis gamo. erT-<strong>erTi</strong><br />
xelmZRvanelobis Tanaxmad, “Suamdgomloba SeiZleba ganimartos, rogorc<br />
90
miukerZoebeli mesame mx<strong>aris</strong> kerZo ganxilva”. Suamdgomlobis saSualebiT<br />
Secvlili ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebi ukve misaRebia orive mx<strong>aris</strong> mier, amrigad, is<br />
exmareba mxareebs sasurveli SromiTi urTierTobis <strong>da</strong>myarebaSi.<br />
arbitraJi<br />
kerZo <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebma SeiZleba moiTxovon, rom TanamSromlebma<br />
warudginon TavianTi SromiTi <strong>da</strong>vebi mogvarebisTvis arbitraJs (arbitraJi<br />
<strong>da</strong>wvrilebiT ganxilulia me-14 TavSi). arbitraJs mimarTaven ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
diskriminaciis sarCelebis mosagvareblad asakis, sqesis, seqsualuri<br />
Zaladobis <strong>da</strong> rasis sferoebSi. sxva SromiTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa<br />
promouSenebi, kompensacia, <strong>da</strong>sja an kompaniis strategiis gamoyeneba,<br />
SeiZleba arbitraJs ga<strong>da</strong>eces, Tu es <strong>da</strong>saSvebia <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis arbitraJis<br />
programiT. xelmZRvaneloba asaxelebs arbitraJis gamoyenebis upiratesobebs:<br />
<strong>da</strong>nazogebs <strong>da</strong>vebis xarjebSi, drois <strong>da</strong>kargvis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebasa <strong>da</strong><br />
arasasurvel sajaroobas.<br />
arbitraJis SeTanxmebebi awesrigeben, rom TanamSromlebma gaasaCivron<br />
Tavisi diskriminaciis pretenziebi, xelmZRvanelobasY ar SeuZlia aukrZalos<br />
TanamSromlebs diskriminaciis braldebebis wamoyeneba EEOC-s saSualebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenos sxva kanonmdeblobiTi uflebebi samTavrobo uwyebebTan. EEOC-<br />
Si, “Waffle House Inc.” Kkompaniis SemTxvevaSi, aSS-is uzenaesma sasamarTlom<br />
mxari <strong>da</strong>uWira im Tvalsazriss, rom TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT<br />
diskriminaciis sarCelebis wayeneba EEOC-s saSualebiT <strong>da</strong> mas xels aweren<br />
TanamSromlebi. arbitraJma SeiZleba TanamSromlebs xeli SeuSalos, rom ar<br />
uCivlon administracias sasamarTloSi, magram maT ufleba ara aqvT<br />
TanamSromlebs aukrZalon diskriminaciis braldebebis wayeneba EEOC-s<br />
saSualebiT.<br />
Mmenejeruli eTika TanamSromelTan urTierTobebSi<br />
am wignSi Cven yuradRebas vamaxvilebT a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis<br />
menejmentis samarTlebriv moTxovnebze. kanonebi, uwyebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> sasamarTlos <strong>da</strong>dgenilebebi gavlenas axdens SromiTi procesis yvela<br />
aspeqtze: <strong>da</strong>kompleqtebaze, SerCevaze, saqmianobis Sefasebaze, usafrTxoebasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> janmrTelobaze, SromiT urTierTobebsa <strong>da</strong> Semowmebaze. Mmenejerebma<br />
samTavrobo normebi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icvan, raTa xeli Seuwyon <strong>da</strong>vebisagan<br />
Tavisufali garemos Seqmnas.<br />
Tumca, imis gar<strong>da</strong>, rac kanoniTaa moTxovnili, gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />
agreTve organizaciis eTikis sakiTxi <strong>da</strong> menejerebis eTikuri qcevis<br />
problemebi. eTika SeiZleba ganisazRvros, rogorc miRebuli qcevisa <strong>da</strong><br />
moraluri gansjis stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis erToblioba. eTika uzrunvelyofs<br />
kulturuli, organizaciuli <strong>da</strong> socialuri principebis <strong>da</strong>cvas, rac<br />
exmareba pirovnebas saTanado <strong>da</strong> arasaTanado qcevas Soris arCevanis<br />
gakeTebaSi (ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetalebis miRebaSi). Uufro metic, eTika, a<strong>da</strong>minauri<br />
resursebis samarTlebrivi aspeqtebis msgavsad, vrceldeba SromiTi<br />
urTierTobebis yvela aspeqtze. magaliTad, menejerebma SeiZleba mxari<br />
<strong>da</strong>uWiron organizaciis amocanas <strong>da</strong>iqiraos maRali klasis<br />
warmomadgenlebi, magram es TanamSromlebi rogor gakontroldebian <strong>da</strong><br />
rogor moeqcevian maT - es ukve menejeruli eTikis sakiTxia.<br />
91
kanonebTan <strong>da</strong> TanamSromelTa qcevasTan urTierToba menejeris<br />
saqmianobis or sruliad gansxvavebul aspeqts warmoadgens. eTikuri<br />
problemebi yovelTvis arsebobs TanamSromlebSi. sainteresoa, am bolo<br />
drois gamokvlevam – “eTikuri sakiTxebi TanamSromlisa <strong>da</strong> ufrosis<br />
urTierTobebSi”, romelic <strong>da</strong>afinansa finansuri samsaxuris profesionalTa<br />
sazogadoebam _ aCvena, rom <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelTa 97%-ma <strong>da</strong> TanamSromelTa 84%-ma<br />
ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom TanamSromlebisaTvis micemuli yalbi <strong>da</strong>pirebebi eTikis<br />
yvelaze seriozuri <strong>da</strong>rRvevaa ufrosebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n. muSaobis periodSi<br />
narkotikebis an alkoholis moxmareba <strong>da</strong> el.fostis borotad gamoyeneba<br />
sxva TanamSromlis mimarT <strong>da</strong>saxel<strong>da</strong> samsaxurebrivi eTikis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis<br />
yvelaze xSir SemTxvevebad. Cven gvjera, rom menejeruli eTika<br />
TanamSromelTa urTierTobebSi moiTxovs patiosnebas TanamSromelsa <strong>da</strong><br />
menejers Soris yvelanair saqmeSi, agreTve ormxriv pativiscemas samuSao<br />
valdebulebebis Sesrulebis dros.<br />
Mmraval <strong>organizacia</strong>s aqvs Tavisi eTikis kodeqsi, romelic awesrigebs<br />
TanamSromlebsa <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebas Soris urTierTobebs. Ees kodeqsi<br />
yuradRebas amaxvilebs eTikur Rirebulebebze <strong>da</strong> organizaciebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
calkeul menejerebs safuZvels uqmnis Seafason TavianTi gegmebi <strong>da</strong><br />
moqmedebebi. a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis departamentebs didi roli ekisrebaT<br />
organizaciis Rirebulebebsa <strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs Soris kavSiris<br />
uzrunvelyofaSi, eTikis kodeqsTan Sesabamisobis SemowmebaSi, agreTve<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis ganmtkicebaSi. amJamad organizaciebs aqvT<br />
eTikis komitetebi <strong>da</strong> hyavT eTikis <strong>da</strong>mcveli pirebi, raTa<br />
TanamSromlebisTvis uzrunvelyon treningi eTikaSi. am treningis ZiriTadi<br />
mizania TanamSromlebma Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aacilon araeTikuri qceva <strong>da</strong> saziano<br />
moqmedebebi; moipovon strategiuli upiratesoba, , sxva TanamSromlebs<br />
moeqcnen samarTlianad <strong>da</strong> obieqturad <strong>da</strong> aRiqvan isini organizaciis<br />
Rirseul wevrebad.<br />
Mmokle mimoxilva<br />
Aamocana 1. TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT gamoTqvan pretenzia, rom maT aqvT<br />
kanonieri ufleba moiTxovon samsaxurSi maT<strong>da</strong>mi samarTliani <strong>da</strong> obieqturi<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba. TanamSromelTa uflebebis sakiTxebi sxva problemebTan<br />
erTad gulisxmobs narkologiur Semowmebas an TanamSromlis piradi<br />
saubrebis kontrols. amasTan, xelmZRvaneloba valdebulia uzrunvelyos<br />
usafrTxoeba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icvas TanamSromlis samuSao adgili saziano<br />
SemTxvevebisgan. roca TanamSromelTa uflebebTan erTad ar igulisxmeba<br />
xelmZRvanelobis Sesabamisi valdebulebebi, SeiZleba warmoiSvas<br />
winaaRmdegoba.<br />
Aamocana 2. TanamSromelsac <strong>da</strong> ufrossac aqvs garkveuli uflebebi <strong>da</strong><br />
molodini SromiT urTierTobebSi. Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmebis moZRvreba exeba<br />
TanamSromlisa <strong>da</strong> ufrosis uflebebs Sewyviton SromiTi urTierToba, maSin<br />
roca nagulisxmevi kontraqtis cneba warmoadgens gamonakliss Tavisufali<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebis dogmaSi. am cnebis Tanaxmad, ufrosis zepirma an werilobiTma<br />
gancxadebebma SeiZleba Camoayalibos kontraqtuli valdebuleba, ramac<br />
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SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos TanamSromlis avtomatur ganTavisuflebas.<br />
konstruqciuli ganTavisufleba xdeba, roca TanamSromeli Tavisi nebiT<br />
wyvets muSaobas, magram Semdeg amtkicebs, rom igi iZulebuli gax<strong>da</strong> wasuliyo<br />
samsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n autaneli samuSao pirobebis gamo, romelic Seuqmna<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebelma. TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT pretenzia ganacxadon, rom maT<br />
samagieros uxdian, roca ufrosebi sjian maT TavianTi uflebebis<br />
gamoyenebisTvis kanonis Tanaxmad an zianis miyenebisTvis sasamarTlo<br />
kompensaciebis miRebisas.<br />
amocana 3. TanamSromlebi moelian garkveul konfidencialurobis uflebebs<br />
maT pirad saqmeebSi arasaTanado Carevisgan Tavis <strong>da</strong>sacavad. Ees uflebebi<br />
iseT sakiTxebsac moicavs, rogoricaa narkotikebis gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong><br />
narkologiuri Semowmeba; gamokvlevebi <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveloba; arasamsaxurebrivi<br />
piradi uflebebi; elfostis, internetisa <strong>da</strong> xmovani fostis gasaidumloeba<br />
D<strong>da</strong> genetikuri analizi.<br />
amocana 4. a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis departamentma sxva menejerebTan erTad<br />
un<strong>da</strong> SeimuSaos disciplinaruli strategia <strong>da</strong> politika. es xels Seuwyobs<br />
politikis aRiarebasa <strong>da</strong> mis gamoyenebas. <strong>da</strong>sjis saWiroebis Sesamcireblad<br />
organizaciis normebi <strong>da</strong> principebi farTod un<strong>da</strong> iyos cnobili, un<strong>da</strong><br />
gaformdes werilobiT <strong>da</strong> ganemartos TanamSromlebs. wesebi un<strong>da</strong> exebodes<br />
organizaciis usafrTxo <strong>da</strong> efeqtur muSaobas. roca menejerebi akontroleben<br />
wesebis moqmedebas, maT un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenon isini, sanam <strong>da</strong>sjian TanamSromels.<br />
amocana 5. termins “disciplina” sami mniSvneloba aqvs: <strong>da</strong>sja, wesrigi <strong>da</strong><br />
treningi TanamSromelTa qcevis Sesaxeb. roca viyenebT mas TanamSromelTan<br />
mimarTebaSi, disciplina un<strong>da</strong> emsaxurebodes TanamSromlis arasasurveli<br />
qcevis gamosworebas, <strong>da</strong> TanamSromels un<strong>da</strong> gauCinos TviTkontrolis<br />
survili. Ddisciplinis mesame mniSvneloba SeiZleba miRweul iqnes mxolod<br />
maSin, roca menejerebi TanamSromlis araswori saqcielis srul <strong>da</strong><br />
miukerZoebel gamoZiebas atareben. TanamSromlis araswori saqcielis<br />
gamoZieba <strong>da</strong>rRvevis Sesabamisi dokumentebiT <strong>da</strong>mtkicebiT iwyeba. roca<br />
menejerebi TanamSromlis problemebs ikvleven, maT zustad un<strong>da</strong> hqondeT<br />
Seswavlili <strong>da</strong>rRveva: ico<strong>da</strong> Tu ara TanamSromelma <strong>da</strong>rRveuli wesis Sesaxeb,<br />
arsebobs Tu ara Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebi, ramac SeiZleba gaamarTlos<br />
TanamSromlis saqcieli. roca TanamSromeli un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>isajos, wesi un<strong>da</strong><br />
ga<strong>da</strong>ixedos, amasTan ganxilul un<strong>da</strong> iqnes TanamSromlis ganvlili muSaobis<br />
monacemebi.<br />
amocana 6. disciplinisadmi ori midgoma arsebobs: progresuli disciplina<br />
<strong>da</strong> pozitiuri disciplina. progresuli disciplina moicavs etapebis jgufebs,<br />
rac <strong>da</strong>myarebulia koreqciuli moqmedebis x<strong>aris</strong>xis gazr<strong>da</strong>ze. gamoyenebuli<br />
koreqciuli moqmedeba un<strong>da</strong> Seesabamebodes TanamSromlis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis<br />
kategorias, tips. Sexsenebebze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli pozitiuri disciplina <strong>aris</strong><br />
TanamSromlobiTi disciplinis mimarTuleba, romlis drosac TanamSromlebi<br />
iReben pasuxismgeblobas qcevis gaumjobesebisTvis. mizani imaSi mdgomareobs,<br />
rom aRmoifxvras TanamSromlis ara<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeli saqmianoba, sanam<br />
ukmayofiloba seriozul problemad ga<strong>da</strong>iqceva.<br />
amocana 7. alternatiuli <strong>da</strong>vis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis principebis saSualebiT<br />
TanamSromlebi Sesabamisi procesis uflebebs iyeneben. ADRs-s yvelaze zogadi<br />
formebia etapobrivi ganxilvis sistema, Tanabari ganxilvis sistema, saxalxo<br />
<strong>da</strong>mcvelis sistema, Suamdgomloba <strong>da</strong> arbitraJi.<br />
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amocana 8. a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis menejmentSi eTika vrceldeba<br />
TanamSromelTa marTvis samarTlebriv moTxovnebze. menejerebi eTikur<br />
normebs icaven, roca TanamSromlebs eqcevian obieqturad <strong>da</strong> samarTlianad.<br />
Sesabamisad, TanamSromlis piradi <strong>da</strong> samsaxurebrivi uflebebi <strong>da</strong>culia.<br />
ZiriTadi terminebi<br />
alternatiuli <strong>da</strong>vis ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta (ADR)<br />
konstruqciuli ganTavisufleba<br />
disciplina<br />
Sesabamisi procesi<br />
TanamSromlis uflebebi<br />
Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmebis principi<br />
eTika<br />
“cxeli Rumelis” wesi<br />
Suamdgomloba<br />
mediatori<br />
gulgriloba<br />
saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcveli<br />
“Ria k<strong>aris</strong>” politika<br />
Tanaswori ganxilvis sistema<br />
pozitiuri anu ara<strong>da</strong>sjadi disciplina<br />
progresuli disciplina<br />
etapobrivi ganxilvis sistema<br />
gansaxilveli sakiTxebi<br />
1. gansazRvreT sami sfero, sa<strong>da</strong>c TanamSromlis uflebebi <strong>da</strong> ufrosis<br />
movaleobebi ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs. rogor SeiZleba warmoiSvas es<br />
konfliqti?<br />
2. gansazRvreT Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmebis principebi. ra <strong>aris</strong> sasamarTlos<br />
sami ZiriTadi gamonaklisi am dogmi<strong>da</strong>n?<br />
3. ra kanonmdeblobiTi <strong>da</strong> sasamarTlo SezRudvebi arsebobs<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis narkologiur SemowmebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT kerZo <strong>da</strong><br />
saxelmwifo seqtorSi?<br />
4. Tu Tqven mogTxoves disciplinis Sesaxeb politikis SemuSaveba, ra<br />
sakiTxebs gaa<strong>erTi</strong>anebT am politikaSi?<br />
5. ra un<strong>da</strong> iyos sagamoZiebo gasaubrebis mizani <strong>da</strong> rogor<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas un<strong>da</strong> mivmarToT misi Catarebis dros?<br />
6. ganixileT, Tu ratom <strong>aris</strong> mniSvnelovani dokumentacia<br />
disciplinaruli procesisTvis. ra Sedis swor dokumentaciaSi?<br />
7. aRwereT progresuli <strong>da</strong> pozitiuri disciplina <strong>da</strong> aRniSneT<br />
gansxvaveba am or mimarTulebas Soris;<br />
8. rogor fiqrobT, ras un<strong>da</strong> moicavdes efeqturi alternatiuli <strong>da</strong>vis<br />
mogvarebis sistema? ra Sedegebs eliT aseTi sistemisgan? Tu Tqven<br />
gTxoves <strong>da</strong>areguliroT ganTavisuflebis SemTxveva, ra faqtebs<br />
ganixilavT ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis misaRebad: mxars <strong>da</strong>uWerT Tu uaryofT<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis moqmedebas?<br />
94
9. marto an gundSi muSaobis dros gansazRvreT eTikuri problemebi,<br />
romlebic warmoiSoba muSaobis procesSi <strong>da</strong> exeba Semdeg sakiTxebs:<br />
sxvadsxva sferoSi a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis SerCevas, saqmianobis<br />
Sefasebas, usafrTxoebasa <strong>da</strong> jan<strong>da</strong>cvas, pirad uflebebs <strong>da</strong><br />
kompensacias.<br />
TanamSromelTa uflebebis gansazRvra<br />
A a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis mudmivad cvalebad sferoSi savaldebuloa,<br />
rom orive mxare – a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis menejerebic <strong>da</strong> supervaizerebic _<br />
kargad erkveodnen cvlilebebSi, rac gavlenas axdens <strong>organizacia</strong>ze <strong>da</strong><br />
TanamSromelTa marTvis procesze. radganac TanamSromlebi moiTxoven ufro<br />
met samuSaos <strong>da</strong> SromiT uflebebs narkologiur SemowmebasTan,<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobasTan, usamarTlo <strong>da</strong>TxovnasTan, samsaxuris gareT<br />
moqmedebasTan <strong>da</strong> genetikur analizTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, xelmZRvanelobam un<strong>da</strong><br />
icodes axali kanonebi, sasamarTlo <strong>da</strong>dgenilebebi <strong>da</strong> sxva organizaciebis<br />
strategia, rac gavlenas axdens TiToeul sferoze. Ees codna <strong>da</strong>exmareba<br />
menejerebs reagireba moaxdinon TanamSromelTa problemebze aqtiurad <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTad. TanamSromlebis uflebebis <strong>da</strong>ucvelobam SeiZleba migviyvanos<br />
sasamarTlo procesebamde, rasac mohyveba TanamSromelTa ndobis Sesusteba<br />
<strong>da</strong> moraluri mdgomareobis <strong>da</strong>qveiTeba.<br />
<strong>da</strong>niSnuleba<br />
individualurad an gundSi muSaobis dros TanamSromelTa uflebebis<br />
gasacnobad TiToeuli TemisTvis gansazRvreT <strong>da</strong> ganixileT<br />
TanamSromlebisa <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobis piradi problemebi. am <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis<br />
Sesrulebis dros Tqven SeiZleba gsurdeT ga<strong>da</strong>xedoT a<strong>da</strong>mianTa resursebis<br />
Jurnalebis statiebs, rogoricaa “SromiTi kanonis Jurnali”, “HR Jurnali”,<br />
“samuSao Zala”, an “TanamSromelTa urTierTobebis samarTlis Jurnali”.<br />
upasuxeT ToToeuli Temis Semdeg sakiTxebs:<br />
• Tavisufali <strong>da</strong>saqmeba <strong>da</strong> araswori ganTavisuflebis saCivrebi;<br />
• narkotikebis gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong> narkologiuri Semowmeba;<br />
• gamokvlevebi <strong>da</strong> monitoringi;<br />
• TanamSromlis qceva samsaxuris gareT;<br />
• genetikuri analizi;<br />
• elfosta, interneti;<br />
1. romeli sakiTxi gainteresebT?<br />
2. ratom <strong>aris</strong> es sakiTxi aqtualuri TanamSromlebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
menejerebisTvis?<br />
3. ra uflebebs moiTxoven TanamSromlebi?<br />
4. romeli kanonebi an sasamarTlo saqmeebi axdens gavlenas am uflebaze?<br />
5. zoga<strong>da</strong>d rogor pasuxobs xelmZRvaneloba TanamSromlis am uflebas?<br />
Kkonkretuli SemTxvevis ganxilva 1<br />
ganTavisufleba samsaxuris gareT garkveuli moqmedebis gamo<br />
95
winamdebare SemTxveva gviCvenebs TanamSromlis pirad pretenzias <strong>da</strong><br />
xelmZRvanelobis uflebas kompaniis reputaciis SesanarCuneblad.<br />
2002 wlis 6 maiss, orSabaTs, ganTavisuflebamde jon hilardi<br />
muSaob<strong>da</strong> gayidvebis ufros warmomadgenlad kompaniaSi “saukeTeso saswavlo<br />
masalebi” (Advanced Educational Materials) (AEM), iyo maRalx<strong>aris</strong>xiani saswavlo<br />
wignebisa <strong>da</strong> umcros- <strong>da</strong> ufrosklasebisaTvis saswavlo nivTebis<br />
mimwodebeli. Mmisi Tormetwliani muSaobis periodSi jonis aRiarebdnen,<br />
rogorc gamorCeul TanamSromels mWidro samuSao urTierTobebiT<br />
skolebTan, romlebTanac TanamSromlob<strong>da</strong>. Mmisi gayidvebis monacemebi<br />
saukeTeso iyo. jonis ganTavisufleba ganapiroba, rogorc AEM-m ganacxa<strong>da</strong>,<br />
TanamSromlebis moqmedebis kodeqsis seriozulma <strong>da</strong>rRvevam.<br />
2002 wlis 4 maiss, SabaTs, jonisa <strong>da</strong> misi menejeris, jin elisonis,<br />
SemTxveviTi Sexvedris dros, menejerma SeamCnia, rom joni gamovi<strong>da</strong><br />
zr<strong>da</strong>srulTa videokasetebis maRazii<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> raRac eWira xelSi. rogorc<br />
menejeri aRwers, pornografiuli Jurnalebi <strong>da</strong> pornofilmis kaseta iyo.<br />
Semdeg orSabaTs jinma ganixila es SemTxveva AEM-is a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis<br />
warmomadgenelTan <strong>da</strong> gayidvebis viceprezidentTan. Yyvela <strong>da</strong>eTanxma, rom<br />
jonis qceva kompaniis TanamSromelTa qcevis kodeqsis seriozul <strong>da</strong>rRvevas<br />
warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>, rac SemdegSi mdgomareobs: “TanamSromlis samsaxuris gareT<br />
qceva aranairad ar un<strong>da</strong> aisaxos cu<strong>da</strong>d kompaniaze, mis TanamSromlebze, an<br />
saswavlo masalebis gayidvebze.” AEM tradiciulad aiZuleb<strong>da</strong> gayidvebis<br />
warmoadgenlebs maRali moraluri stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis <strong>da</strong>cvas, radgan kompania<br />
masalebs awvdi<strong>da</strong> sajaro skolis administratorebsa <strong>da</strong> pe<strong>da</strong>gogebs.<br />
Mmisi ganTavisuflebis Sexvedraze jonim mkacrad uaryo, gaaprotesta<br />
Tavisi gagdeba. igi amtkiceb<strong>da</strong>, rom rac man gaakeTa samsaxurisgan Tavisufal<br />
dros, es kompaniis saqme ar iyo <strong>da</strong> misi moqmedeba cu<strong>da</strong>d ar aisaxa AEM-ze an<br />
misi produqtebis gayidvebze. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, man ganacxa<strong>da</strong>: “Sesyidvebi<br />
xorcieldebo<strong>da</strong>, rogorc anegdotebi <strong>da</strong>uqorwinebelTa wveulebaze.”<br />
wyaro: es SemTxveva warmoadgens realuri ganTavisuflebis faqts<br />
samsaxuris gareT Cadenili cudi qcevisTvis. yvela saxeli fiqtiuria.<br />
kiTxvebi:<br />
1. mocemuli SemTxvevis faqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT un<strong>da</strong><br />
gaeTavisuflebinaT joni Tu ara? pasuxi axseniT.<br />
2. AEM-is gayidvebis warmomadgenlebs moeTxovebaT Tu ara piradi<br />
qcevis ufro maRali stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis <strong>da</strong>cva, vidre sxva tipis<br />
organizaciebis gayidvebis warmomadgenlebs? pasuxi axseniT.<br />
3. xelmZRvanelobas un<strong>da</strong> ganexila Tu ara jonis ganvlili muSaobis<br />
monacemebi ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebamde?<br />
pasuxi axseniT.<br />
Kkonkretuli SemTxvevis ganxilva 2<br />
“Tqven ver gamagdebT! Mme gavikeTe analizi”<br />
“Cven ar gvqon<strong>da</strong> sxva arCevani”, _ auxsna supervaizerma, tim valtonma.<br />
“jerim ico<strong>da</strong> Cveni narkotikuli politikis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> man TviTon airCia,<br />
96
om <strong>da</strong>erRvia is”. N”narkotikebis Sesaxeb politika yvela TanamSromlisTvis<br />
cnobili iyo”, _ ganacxa<strong>da</strong> valtonma. “narkotikebis moxmarebaSi eWvmitanilma<br />
TanamSromlebma un<strong>da</strong> waradginon narkologiuri Semowmebis analizi maSin,<br />
roca ufrosi moiTxovs amas. Tu TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT gaikeTon analizi,<br />
roca maT un<strong>da</strong>T, maSin Cven verasodes gamoviWerT narkomanebs.” Kkompania<br />
ADR-is SemTxvevaSi, TanamSromelma jeri baTlerma upasuxa: ”isini ver<br />
gamagdeben! Mme uari vTqvi analizis gakeTebaze, radganac saavadmyofoSi<br />
viweqi.Aamas gar<strong>da</strong>, cu<strong>da</strong>d gavxdi distrofiis gamo, rac gamoiwvia<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebulma sicxem shop floor. –Si. meore dRes gavikeTe analizi.” valtonma<br />
upasuxa: “rogorc CvenTvis cnobilia, jerim uari Tqva analizis gakeTebaze<br />
<strong>da</strong> es sakm<strong>aris</strong>ia CvenTvis. aranairi <strong>da</strong>matebiTi gamoZieba ar <strong>aris</strong> saWiro.<br />
zogi<strong>erTi</strong> wamali organizmi<strong>da</strong>n gamodis sakmaod swrafad. Cven <strong>da</strong>uyovneblad<br />
gvWirdeba analizi”.<br />
es problema warmoiSva, roca orma TanamSromelma SeamCnia, rom<br />
TanamSromelTa oTaxSi jeri baTlers TeTri fxvnili eWira cxvirTan. isini<br />
<strong>da</strong>eWvdnen saSiSi nivTierebis moxmarebaSi <strong>da</strong> es SemTxveva valtons moaxsenes.<br />
ori dRis Semdeg baTlers mosTxoves waredgina narkologiuri Semowmebis<br />
analizi, maSin roca igi distrofiis gamo iwva adgilobriv saavadmyofoSi.<br />
Mman Tqva, rom Zalian cu<strong>da</strong>d iyo <strong>da</strong> uari ganacxa<strong>da</strong> analizze. man eqims<br />
auxsna, rom ar SeeZlo analizis gakeTeba avadmyofobis gamo. momdevno dRes<br />
baTlerma gaikeTa analizi <strong>da</strong> miiRo <strong>da</strong>debiTi pasuxi, Tumca kompaniam uari<br />
ganacxa<strong>da</strong> xelaxla ganexila misi ganTavisuflebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba.<br />
<strong>da</strong>kiTxvaze jeri baTlerma aseve ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom kompaniam igi imitom gaagdo,<br />
rom kompensacia ar ga<strong>da</strong>exa<strong>da</strong>T.<br />
wyaro: a<strong>da</strong>ptirebulia “Bulletin to Management”–Si gamoqveynebuli<br />
SemTxvevi<strong>da</strong>n (25 Tebervali, 1999). yvela saxeli fiqtiuria.<br />
kiTxvebi:<br />
1. Tqven rom gangexilaT es SemTxveva, rogor ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas<br />
miiRebdiT? axseniT srulyofilad.<br />
2. sxva ra informacia iqnebo<strong>da</strong> saWiro am sakiTxis ga<strong>da</strong>Wrisas?<br />
3. qmnis Tu ara kompania eTikur problemebs, roca is TanamSromlebi<br />
jeri baTleris winaaRmdeg mowmeebad gamohyavs? axseniT<br />
srulyofilad.<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
menejeri mrCevlis rolSi<br />
ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, TanamSromlebisTvis rCeva-<strong>da</strong>rigebis micema menejeris<br />
saqmianobis metad mniSvnelovani nawilia. disciplinaruli ganxilvisgan<br />
gansxvavebiT, romelic xSirad SezRudulia specifikuri informaciis<br />
mopovebasa <strong>da</strong> micemaSi, rCevis micema warmoadgens process, romelic<br />
gulisxmobs dinamiur urTierTobas or mxares Soris, roca a<strong>da</strong>mians SeuZlia<br />
Tavisuflad ganixilos moTxovnilebebi, grZnobebi <strong>da</strong> problemebi <strong>da</strong>xmarebis<br />
aRmoCenis mizniT. rogorc 13.a sqemazea naCvenebi, konsultacia Seicavs mraval<br />
cvlilebas rogorc <strong>da</strong>mxmares, ise <strong>da</strong>saxmareblis mxareze. kavSiri,<br />
97
urTierToba <strong>da</strong>saxmareblis problemebis mogvarebis mTavari saSualebaa,<br />
<strong>da</strong>mxm<strong>aris</strong> rCeva-<strong>da</strong>rigebis gamoyenebiT. rCevis micemiT SegviZlia <strong>da</strong>vexmaroT<br />
TanamSromlebs piradi problemebis mogvarebaSi, rogoricaa: susti<br />
janmrTeloba, narkotikebis an alkoholis moxmareba, ojaxuri problemebi an<br />
finansuri problemebi; rCeva aseve SeiZleba gamoviyenoT samsaxurebrivi<br />
problemebis mosagvareblad. saCivrebis Sesamcireblad yvelaze efeqturi<br />
saSualebaa <strong>da</strong>vexmaroT TanamSromlebs, raTa iyvnen gaxsnilebi.<br />
rCeva-<strong>da</strong>rigebis micemis urTierTobis ganviTareba<br />
<strong>da</strong>mxmare - kavSiri - <strong>da</strong>saxmarebeli<br />
moTxovnebi, moTxovnebi,<br />
grZnobebi, grZnobebi,<br />
problemebi, problemebi,<br />
Sexedulebebi, Sexedulebebi,<br />
miswrafebebi, miswrafebebi,<br />
gancdebi gancdebi<br />
urTierTobis ZiriTadi arsi<br />
rCevis micema xdeba or mxares Soris dros. ZiriTadi kavSiri <strong>aris</strong><br />
situacia, garemo. organizaciebSi xelmZRvaneloba xSirad iyenebs<br />
urTierTobas or mxares Soris. magaliTad, TanamSromels ar SeuZlia ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>afasos ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelis <strong>da</strong>xmareba samuSaosTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul sakiTxebSi,<br />
radganac am dros <strong>da</strong>mxmare ki ar ubrZanebs, aramed rCevas aZlevs<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxmarebels. konfidencialuroba kidev <strong>erTi</strong> mniSvnelovani faqtoria<br />
rCevis micemis procesSi. zoga<strong>da</strong>d miRebulia, rom rac xdeba rCevis<br />
micemisas, saidumlod un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rCes am or mxares Soris. Tumca arsebobs<br />
situacia, roca saWiro xdeba garkveuli informaciis gamxela, winaaRmdeg<br />
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba seriozuli ziani miadges sxvebs. kidev <strong>erTi</strong> faqtori,<br />
ramac SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos urTierTobaze, <strong>aris</strong> menejeris Carevis<br />
x<strong>aris</strong>xi <strong>da</strong>xmarebis gasawevad.<br />
rCevis micemis xerxebi<br />
yvela Cvengans aqvs ganxilvis, Sefasebis, mowonebis an <strong>da</strong>wunebis<br />
bunebrivi, Tan<strong>da</strong>yolili unari. zogjer Cven am ganxilvebSi verTvebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>ufiqreblad, Cveni winaswari varaudebis safuZvelze, <strong>da</strong> amiT vamcirebT<br />
Cvens SesaZleblobas efeqturad movaxdinoT komunikacia. naadrevi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis erT-<strong>erTi</strong> gzaa rCevis micemis xerxi,<br />
romelsac hqvia “aqtiuri mosmena”. aqtiuri mosmena niSnavs kargad gagebas,<br />
Tu ras gulisxmobs meore pirovneba, roca igi gvixsnis Tavis Sexedulebas.<br />
naTqvami un<strong>da</strong> movisminoT srulyofilad, Sewyvetis, kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>smis an<br />
axali Temebis wamoWris gareSe. ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelma Tvali un<strong>da</strong> miadevnos <strong>da</strong><br />
yuradRebiT un<strong>da</strong> moisminos, rasac muSaki ambobs an cdilobs, rom Tqvas.<br />
radganac yvela SemTxvevaSi aqtiuri mosmena mniSvnelovania, is metad<br />
aucilebelia, roca:<br />
98
1. Cven ar gvesmis, ras grZnobs meore a<strong>da</strong>miani <strong>da</strong> Cven un<strong>da</strong> mivxvdeT mis<br />
azrs;<br />
2. Cven gvjera, rom rasac ambobs, is ise mniSvnelovani ar <strong>aris</strong>, rogorc<br />
is, rac ar uTqvams;<br />
3. meore a<strong>da</strong>miani iseTi <strong>da</strong>bneulia, rom SeuZlebelia naTeli informaciis<br />
miReba.<br />
A aqtiur mosmenisas menejers SeuZlia aseve gamoiyenos xerxi, romelsac<br />
“grZnobebis gamoxatvas” uwodeben. Ees saSualeba gulisxmobs TanamSromlis<br />
gacxadebuli an <strong>da</strong>faruli grZnobebis gamoxatvas. misi mizania yuradReba<br />
gaamaxvilos ufro metad grZnobebze, vidre Sinaarsze, raTa bundovnad<br />
gamoxatuli grZnobebi kargad iqnes gacnobierebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>exmaros a<strong>da</strong>mians<br />
Tavisi grZnobebis Sesaxeb saubarSi.<br />
am meTodiT sargeblobisas Semdegi gamoTqmebi gamoiyeneba: “Tqven<br />
brazobT imis gamo, Tu rogor geqcevaT ufrosi”, ”Tqven grZnobT, rom met<br />
<strong>da</strong>fasebas imsaxurebT kompaniis mxri<strong>da</strong>n”. grZnobebis gamoxatvis teqnika<br />
gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa rCevis micemis adreul etapze TanamSromlis<br />
grZnobebis gamosavlenad. es stan<strong>da</strong>rturi principia arasadireqtivo rCevis<br />
micemaSi.<br />
TanamSromelTa <strong>da</strong>saxmareblad kidev erT saSualebas warmoadgens<br />
kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma, rac a<strong>da</strong>mians exmareba Tavisi problemis gagebaSi. zoga<strong>da</strong>d<br />
es un<strong>da</strong> iyos Ria kiTxvebi, romlebsac ar gaecema pasuxi “diax” an “ara”.<br />
magaliTad: “momiyeviT kidev Tqveni gancdebis Sesaxeb baton jonsTan”. Ees<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos iseTi kiTxvebi, romlebic ufro uzrunvelyofs TanamSromlis<br />
TviTgamorkvevas, vidre ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelisTvis informaciis miRebas. Ria<br />
kiTxvebi saSualebas aZlevs TanamSromels Tavisuflad isaubros, rac<br />
misTvisvea kargi.<br />
rCevis micemis principebi<br />
TanamSromlis <strong>da</strong>saxmareblad, romelsac raime problema aqvs, rCevis<br />
micemis mravalgvari principi gamoiyeneba. yvela es midgoma gulisxmobs<br />
aqtiur mosmenas. zogjer informaciis ubralo miwodebam an rCevam SeiZleba<br />
moagvaros problema, romelic Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad metad rTuli Can<strong>da</strong>. Tumca<br />
ufro xSirad problema advilad ar gvardeba winaaRmdegobebis,<br />
konfliqtebis an gegmebis CaSlis gamo, rasac Tan sdevs Zlieri gancdebi,<br />
rogoricaa SiSi, <strong>da</strong>bneuloba an SuRli. menejerma un<strong>da</strong> Seiswavlos, rodis<br />
romeli midgoma <strong>aris</strong> Sesaferisi. Ffleqsiuroba rCevis micemis procesis<br />
ZiriTadi komponentia.<br />
pir<strong>da</strong>piri rCeva-<strong>da</strong>rigeba<br />
D direqtiuli rCeva-<strong>da</strong>rigebis dros menejeri cdilobs pir<strong>da</strong>pir an<br />
arapir<strong>da</strong>pir akontrolos Temebi, ris Sesaxebac saubroben TanamSromlebi,<br />
aRwers TanamSromlis winaSe mdgar arCevans <strong>da</strong> aZlevs rCevas, ra un<strong>da</strong><br />
gaakeTos. mravali SemTxveva arsebobs, roca saWiroa informaciis an<br />
samsaxurebrivi rCevis miwodeba im sferoebSi, romelSic ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveli<br />
erkveva <strong>da</strong> gamocdilia. Tumca Tu un<strong>da</strong> gakeTdes arCevani <strong>da</strong> winaaRmdegoba<br />
iCens Tavs, direqtiuli midgomis gamoyeneba un<strong>da</strong> aviciloT Tavi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
99
Aarapir<strong>da</strong>piri rCeva-<strong>da</strong>rigeba<br />
aradireqtiuli (arapir<strong>da</strong>piri) rCeva-<strong>da</strong>rigebis dros TanamSromels<br />
aqvs maqsimaluri Tavisufleba gansazRvros saubris mimdinareoba. Sefasebis<br />
gareSe mosmenis, rogorc komunikaciis, mniSvneloba metad didia. is <strong>aris</strong><br />
mTavari teqnika, romelic gamoiyeneba arapir<strong>da</strong>piri rCeva-<strong>da</strong>rigebis dros.<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d un<strong>da</strong> mousmino <strong>da</strong> gaugo TanamSromels, kritikisa <strong>da</strong> Sefasebis<br />
gareSe, rogorc igi aRwers problemas. menejeri Tavisi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> reaqciiT amxnevebs TanamSromels, rac man Tqva an ar Tqva, rac emociebiT<br />
gamoxata sircxvilis an aRelvebis gareSe.<br />
Tavisufali gamoxatva ganusazRvreli <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis dros amcirebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>Zabulobas <strong>da</strong> imedgacruebas. TanamSromels, romelsac SeeZlo Seekavebina<br />
emociebi, Cveulebriv ukeTesi SesaZlebloba hqon<strong>da</strong> ufro obieqturad<br />
ganexila problema <strong>da</strong> moegvarebina is. liberaluri atmosfero<br />
TanamSromels saSualebas aZlevs gaigos problema Tavisi sirTuleebiT <strong>da</strong><br />
gansazRvros perspeqtiva, raTa miaRwios sasurvel ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas.<br />
monawileobiTi rCeva-<strong>da</strong>rigeba<br />
gansazRvruli <strong>da</strong> ganusazRvreli midgomebi aSkarad ukiduresobebis<br />
kavSirs warmoadgens. radganac konkretuli profesionali mrCeveli<br />
SeiZleba am kavSiris erT boloSi iyos an meoreSi, menejerTa umetesoba<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas irCevs saubris mimdinareobis mixedviT. bevri<br />
irCevs saSualo <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas, roca orive mxare erTad afasebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmvis procesSi, Tu konkretuli problema rogor un<strong>da</strong> ganixilos <strong>da</strong><br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wydes. es mimarTuleba, romelic SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rogorc<br />
monawileobiTi midgoma, gansakuTrebiT Sesaferisia SromiT organizaciebSi<br />
gamosayeneblad.<br />
Mmravali problema, romelsac menejerebi <strong>da</strong> supervaizerebi awydebian,<br />
moiTxovs ara marto TanamSromlebis gancdebis gagebas, aramed imasac, rom<br />
TanamSromlebi gaerkvnen <strong>da</strong> mxari un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>uWiron xelmZRvanelobis<br />
molodinebs, raTa isini iyvnen produqtiulebi, pasuxismgeblobis mqoneebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> pativi scen erTmaneTs. meore mxriv, problemis mqone a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />
umetesobas urCevnia aqtiurad iyos Cabmuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebaSi, Tu<br />
isini xvdebian, rom SesaZlebelia moqmedebis <strong>da</strong>debiTad ganviTareba. mraval<br />
samsaxurebriv situaciaSi, rodesac rCeva-<strong>da</strong>rigebas iyeneben, monawileobiTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba rekomendebulia calkeul a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan muSaobis dros<br />
garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi. Tumca sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva dros, calkeuli<br />
saubrebis procesSi sasurvelia gamoviyenoT orive – gansazRvruli <strong>da</strong><br />
ganusazRvreli.<br />
roca rCeva-<strong>da</strong>rigeba ar amarTlebs<br />
rCeva-<strong>da</strong>rigeba ganixileba, rogorc xerxi, romelic exmareba<br />
komunikacias <strong>da</strong> xels uwyobs problemebis mogvarebas, rac gavlenas axdens<br />
TanamSromelTa <strong>da</strong> organizaciis keTildReobaze. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, un<strong>da</strong><br />
vaRiaroT, rom menejerebis rCeva-<strong>da</strong>rigebebi yovelTvis ar <strong>aris</strong> warmatebuli<br />
am miznis miRwevaSi. Tumca garkveuli progresi xSirad miiRweva rCeva<strong>da</strong>rigebis<br />
micemis gziT, rodesac aseTi tipis moqmedeba Sesaferisia.<br />
100
zogierT SemTxvevaSi, roca rCeva-<strong>da</strong>rigebas ar mohyveba Sedegi, aucilebelia<br />
sxva zomebis miReba, rogoricaa <strong>da</strong>sja an ganTavisufleba.<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n menejers an supervaizers SeiZleba ar SeeZlos an dro ar<br />
hqondes TanamSromelTa ufro meti piradi problemebis mosagvareblad, un<strong>da</strong><br />
iqnes SemuSavebuli sistema, Tu rogor un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>exmaron mrCevlebi<br />
TanamSromlebs. zogjer problema iseT sferos miekuTvneba, romelze<strong>da</strong>c<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvels naklebi gavlena aqvs an saerTod ar SeuZlia gavlenis<br />
moxdena. aseTia, magaliTad, saojaxo urTierTobebi. am SemTxvevaSi<br />
sasurveli iqneba ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelma urCios, rom TanamSromelma mimarTos<br />
kompetentur, profesional mrCevels. Cveulebriv a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis<br />
departamenti valdebulia gagzavnos TanamSromlebi specialistebTan,<br />
romlebic kompetenturni <strong>da</strong> licenzirebulni arian aseTi momsaxurebis<br />
gansaxorcieleblad.<br />
SromiTi urTierTobebis mamoZravebeli Zalebi<br />
axseneT sityva “profkavSiri” <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianTa umetesobas Seeqmneba<br />
garkveuli Sexeduleba – <strong>da</strong>debiTi an uaryofiTi _ aSS-is SromiTi<br />
organizaciebis Sesaxeb. zogSi es sityva iwvevs profkavSirsa <strong>da</strong><br />
administracias Soris mouwesrigebeli SromiTi urTierTobebis asociacias,<br />
rogoricaa: Seuracxyofebi, gaficvebi, piketireba, boikoti. sxvebisTvis ki es<br />
sityva warmoadgens industriul demokratias, samarTlianobas,<br />
SesaZleblobas, Tanaswor warmomadgenlobas. bevri profkavSirs aRiqvams,<br />
rogorc menejerebsa <strong>da</strong> TanamSromlebs Soris Seqmnil mtrul urTierTobas.<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, 1800-is Sua wlebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebebi mniSvnelovan Zalas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>, romelic ayalibeb<strong>da</strong><br />
organizaciul praqtikas, kanonmdeblobas <strong>da</strong> politikur azrs SeerTebul<br />
StatebSi. dRes profkavSirebi isev aqtualuria organizaciis<br />
produqtiulobaze, aSS-is kompetenciaze, SromiTi kanonis ganviTarebasa <strong>da</strong><br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis strategiebsa <strong>da</strong> praqtikebze maTi gavlenis gamo.<br />
biznesorganizaciebis msgavsad, kavSirebsac cvlilebebi SeaqvT saqmianobasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> eTikaSi. ufro metic, wlebis ganmavlobaSi wevrobis Sewyvetis Semdeg<br />
kavSirebi isev aqtiurad asaqmeben arawarmomadgenlobiT TanamSromlebs.<br />
magaliTad, “ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebuli avtomuSakebi” aqtiurad asaqmeben TanamSromlebs<br />
_ avtonawilebis momwodeblebs avtosawarmoebSi, romlebic funqcionirebs<br />
samxreT StatebSi. 2002 wels TanamSromleTa momsaxurebis saerTaSoriso<br />
kavSirma <strong>da</strong>asaqma cxra aTasi TanamSromeli “kaTolikuri jan<strong>da</strong>cvis –<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTis” kuTvnil oc saavadmyofoSi. AFL-CIO -m <strong>da</strong> erovnulma kavSirebma<br />
miznad <strong>da</strong>isaxes <strong>da</strong>saqmeba, rogorc mTavari prioriteti oc<strong>da</strong>meerTe<br />
saukuneSi.<br />
PprofkavSirebis xangrZlivi istoriis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, SromiTi<br />
urTierTobebis sirTuleebi ar <strong>aris</strong> cnobili mravali a<strong>da</strong>mianisTvis. Ees<br />
Tavi aRwers SromiTi urTierTobebis regulirebas mTavrobis mier, SromiTi<br />
101
urTierTobebis process, SromiT organizaciebSi TanamSromelTa<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis mizezebs <strong>da</strong> aseve ganixilavs SromiTi kavSirebis<br />
struqturasa <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobas. mniSvnelovania, rom Sromis samarTlis<br />
Tanaxmad, roca <strong>da</strong>mtkicebulia, rom profkavSirma molaparakeba un<strong>da</strong><br />
awarmoos wevrebTan, man un<strong>da</strong> warmoadginos isini yvela ganyofilebaSi<br />
Tanabrad, mniSvneloba ara aqvs, romeli TanamSromeli rodis SeuerT<strong>da</strong> an<br />
ganTavisufl<strong>da</strong> wevrobi<strong>da</strong>n. am Tavis ukanasknel nawilSi Cven ganvixilavT<br />
kontraqtis regulirebis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, kerZod, TanamSromelTa<br />
saCivrebis mogvarebasa <strong>da</strong> arbitraJs. es Tavi aseve exeba SromiTi<br />
organizaciebis Tanamedrove problemebs.<br />
PprofkavSirebsa <strong>da</strong> sxva organizaciebs SeuZliaT mniSvnelovani<br />
gavlena moaxdinon menejerTa SesaZleblobebze, warmarTon <strong>da</strong> akontrolon<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis menejmentis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva funqciebi. magaliTad,<br />
profkavSiris xelmZRvanelobis debulebebma SromiT xelSekrulebaSi<br />
SeiZleba gansazRvros, Tu vin SeirCeva samuSao <strong>da</strong>winaurebisTvis an<br />
treningis programebisTvis. anazRaurebis sakiTxi SeiZleba ganisazRvros<br />
profkavSiris molaparakebebiT, an kavSirebma SeiZleba wamoayenon<br />
SezRudvebi xelmZRvanelobis mier TanamSromelTa Sefasebis meTodebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. mniSvnelovania, rom menejerebma kargad ician, rogor muSaoben<br />
kavSirebi orive SemTxvevaSi – profkavSirebis arsebobisas an<strong>da</strong><br />
araprofkavSirul garemoSi. SromiTi urTierTobebis maregulirebeli<br />
kompetenturi organosTvis mTlianad cnobilia es sakiTxi. <strong>da</strong>imaxsovreT,<br />
SromiTi kanonmdeblobis ugulebelyofa ar warmoadgens <strong>da</strong>cvas, roca<br />
menejerebi <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebi arRveven SromiT kanons. sanam ganagrZobdeT<br />
kiTxvas, SeamowmeT Tqveni codna SromiTi urTierTobebis kanonis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong><br />
upasuxeT kiTxvebs, romlebic mocemulia HRM 1-Si.<br />
HRM 1<br />
SeamowmeT Tqveni codna SromiTi urTierTobebis Sesaxeb<br />
1. avtoSemkeTebelma samuSaosTvis mimarTa avtomobilebiT movaWre<br />
kompanias. Mmas uari uTxres misi kavSiris wevrobis gamo. iyo Tu ara<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis moqmedeba samarTliani?<br />
Ddiax ----- ara -----<br />
2. <strong>da</strong>saqmebis periodSi ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebma hkiTxes calkeul TanamSromlebs<br />
kavSirze maTi Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb. <strong>da</strong>saSvebia Tu ara aseTi kiTxvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sma?<br />
Ddiax ----- ara -----<br />
3. roca kavSiris wevrebma <strong>da</strong>iwyes profkavSiris niSnebis tareba<br />
samsaxurSi, xelmZRvanelobam brZaneba gasca moexsnaT isini. hqon<strong>da</strong> Tu<br />
ara xelmZRvanelobas amis ufleba?<br />
Ddiax ----- ara -----<br />
4. <strong>da</strong>saqmebis periodSi ufrosi <strong>da</strong>Tanxm<strong>da</strong> (socialuri Jestis<br />
gasakeTeblad), rom TanamSromlebs uzrunvelyof<strong>da</strong> gamagrilebeli<br />
sasmelebiT dResaswaulebze. moqmedeb<strong>da</strong> Tu ara D<strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli kanonis<br />
farglebSi?<br />
Ddiax ----- ara -----<br />
5. kompaniam gaanawila sxva kavSiris wevrebi im adgilSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
ganmcxadeblebi iyvnen kavSiris mxar<strong>da</strong>mWerebi. iyo Tu ara ganawileba<br />
samarTliani?<br />
102
Ddiax ----- ara -----<br />
6. kavSiris organizebis dros “Servo Pipe”-is mesakuTre <strong>da</strong>hpir<strong>da</strong> Tavis<br />
TanamSromlebs xelfasis gazr<strong>da</strong>s, Tu isini xmas miscemdnen<br />
konkretul ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebas. mesakuTres SeeZlo Tu ara mesakuTres<br />
kanonierad am <strong>da</strong>pirebis micema TanamSromlebisTvis?<br />
Ddiax ----- ara -----<br />
7. TanamSromlebs aqvT ufleba wamoayenon ukanono SromiTi praqtikis<br />
braldebebi TavianTi kavSiris winaaRmdeg.<br />
Ddiax ----- ara -----<br />
8. kavSiris survili, gaasaCivros wevris ukmayofileba, romelic<br />
xelmZRvanelobam gamoavlina, sruliad usafuZvloa. Uun<strong>da</strong> gaasaCivros<br />
xelmZRvanelobam es saCivari Tu ara?<br />
Ddiax ----- ara -----<br />
9. jon grins, meqanikoss, muSaobis cudi monacemebi aqvs. xelmZRvanelobas<br />
surs gaaTavisuflos igi; Tumca grini kavSiris mmarTvelia <strong>da</strong><br />
kompaniis mimarT kritikula<strong>da</strong>a ganwyobili. aqvs Tu ara<br />
xelmZRvanelobas am TanamSromlis kanonierad ganTavisuflebis<br />
ufleba?<br />
D diax ----- ara -----<br />
10. organizaciis kampaniis dros ofismenejerma gamoxata Zlieri<br />
antiprofkavSiruli Sexedulebebi <strong>da</strong> profkavSiris moxeleebs uwo<strong>da</strong><br />
“banditebi”, “didi simyrale” <strong>da</strong> “radikalebis jgufi”. im TanamSromlebs,<br />
romlebic SeuerTdnen kavSirs, man uTxra, rom maT “TavianTi Tavi un<strong>da</strong><br />
akontrolon”. iyo Tu ara samarTliani menejeris komentari?<br />
diax ----- ara -----<br />
pasuxebi mocemulia Tavis boloSi.<br />
SromiTi urTierTobebis regulireba mTavrobis mier<br />
aSS-is SromiTi kanonmdeblobis ganviTarebas Tavisi safuZveli aqvs<br />
amerikis socialur, ekonomikur <strong>da</strong> politikur garemoSi. zoga<strong>da</strong>d Cven<br />
SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom SromiTi moZraobis zr<strong>da</strong> Seesabameba SromiTi<br />
kanonmdeblobis <strong>da</strong>mtkicebas, msvlelobas <strong>da</strong> muSakTa SesaZleblobas,<br />
wamoayenon TavianTi ekonomikuri moTxovnebi menejmentTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. 1920-<br />
1930-ian wlebSi miRebuli SromiTi kanonebi mxars uWer<strong>da</strong> SromiTi<br />
organizaciebis stabilurobasa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebas. radganac profkavSirebi<br />
ufro <strong>da</strong> ufro Zlierdeba federaluri kanonebis Tanaxmad, SemuSav<strong>da</strong><br />
kanonmdebloba, raTa moegvarebina kavSiris <strong>da</strong>rRvevebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ecva kavSiris<br />
wevrebis uflebebi profkavSiris araeTikuri saqmianobisagan. dResdReobiT<br />
SromiTi urTierTobebis maregulirebeli kanonebi qmnian garemos, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
kavSirebsac <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebsac SeuZliaT Sesabamisi uflebebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
pasuxismgeblobebis gansazRvra. SromiTi urTierTobebis Sesaxeb codna<br />
<strong>da</strong>gvexmareba gavarkvioT, Tu rogoria kavSirisa <strong>da</strong> menejmentis<br />
urTierTobebi SeerTebul StatebSi. pirveli federaluri kanoni, romelic<br />
exebo<strong>da</strong> SromiT urTierTobebs, iyo 1926 wlis rkinigzis SromiTi aqti. sxva<br />
mTavari kanonebi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen SromiT urTierTobebze kerZo<br />
seqtorSi, <strong>aris</strong> noris-la guardias aqti, vagneris aqti, taft-harTlis aqti,<br />
<strong>da</strong> landrum-grifinis aqti.<br />
103
kinigzis SromiTi aqti (RLA)<br />
rkinigzis SromiTi aqtis (RLA) ZiriTadi mizania Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aicilos<br />
rkinigzasa <strong>da</strong> mis kavSirebs Soris warmoSobili <strong>da</strong>vebiT gamowveuli<br />
momsaxurebis Sewyveta. amis <strong>misaRwevad</strong> RLA Seicavs or ZiriTad princips<br />
profkavSirisa <strong>da</strong> menejmentis <strong>da</strong>vebis mosagvareblad. pirveli, erovnuli<br />
Suamavlobis sabWo agvarebs molaparakebebis gamouval mdgomareobas<br />
Suamavlobis <strong>da</strong>/an arbitraJis saSualebiT. sabWos aseve evaleba Caataros<br />
faruli kenWisyra, raTa gansazRvros, surT Tu ara TanamSromlebs<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>aneba. meore, erovnuli rkinigzis mmarTveli sabWo muSaobs, raTa<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wras saCivrebi <strong>da</strong> arbitraJis <strong>da</strong>vebi, romlebic warmoiSoba<br />
xelSekrulebis moqmedebis periodSi.<br />
noris-la guardias aqti<br />
noris-la guardias aqti an 1932 wlis antiakrZalviTi aqti mkacrad<br />
uzRu<strong>da</strong>vs <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs iseTi brZanebis gacemis SesaZleblobas, romelic<br />
ukrZalavs profkavSirs CaerTos mSvidobian piketirebaSi, boikotSi,<br />
gaficvaSi an am tipis sxva RonisZiebebSi. aqamde federaluri sasamarTlos<br />
brZanebebi efeqtur iaraRs warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> profkavSiris winaaRmdeg, radganac<br />
isini kavSirebs aiZulebdnen an SeewyvitaT aseTi qmedebebi an ga<strong>da</strong>exa<strong>da</strong>T<br />
jarima sasamarTlos upativcemlobis gamo. akrZalvebi SeiZleba mieniWos<br />
jer kidev SromiTi <strong>da</strong>vebis dros. sanam akrZalva gaicema, <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebma<br />
un<strong>da</strong> aCvenon, rom akrZalvis sisuste ufro did zians miayenebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs, vidre profkavSirs. RLA-s msgavsad, es aqtic xels uwyobs<br />
koleqtiur molaparakebebs <strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyofs SromiTi organizaciebis<br />
arsebobas, Camoyalibebas <strong>da</strong> efeqtur muSaobas.<br />
vagneris aqti<br />
1935 wlis vagneris aqti (an SromiTi urTierTobebis erovnuli aqti)<br />
aqamde yvelaze mniSvnelovan gavlenas axden<strong>da</strong> kavSirisa <strong>da</strong> menejmentis<br />
urTierTobebze. aman federaluri mTavrobis <strong>da</strong>cviTi Zalaufleba <strong>da</strong>ayena<br />
TanamSromelTa Zalisxmevis miRma, raTa koleqtiurad <strong>organizacia</strong> gauwion<br />
<strong>da</strong> molaparakebebi awarmoon TavianTi arCeuli warmomadgenlebis<br />
saSualebiT.<br />
vagneris aqtma Seqmna erovnuli SromiTi urTierTobebis sabWo (NLRB)<br />
SeerTebul StatebSi SromiTi urTierTobebis <strong>da</strong>saregulireblad.<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom es aqti Seicvala taft-harTlis aqtiT, misi ZiriTadi<br />
debulebebis umetesoba, romlebic icavs muSakis molaparakebebis uflebebs,<br />
ucvleli <strong>da</strong>rCa. kanonis me-7 nawili icavs Semdeg uflebebs: TanamSromlebs<br />
eqnebaT TviTorganizebis, Camoyalibebis, ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis an SromiTi<br />
organizaciebis <strong>da</strong>xmarebis ufleba, maT aseve eqnebaT ufleba koleqtiurad<br />
awarmoon molaparakebebi TavianTi arCeuli warmomadgenlebis saSualebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong> CaerTon SeTanxmebiT RonisZiebebSi koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebis an sxva<br />
ormxrivi <strong>da</strong>xmarebis an <strong>da</strong>cvis miznisTvis. maT aseve eqnebaT ufleba Tavi<br />
Seikavon nebismieri aseTi qmedebisgan. TanamSromlebs ar eZlevaT iseTi<br />
ufleba, romelze<strong>da</strong>c SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos SeTanxmebam, romelic<br />
moiTxovs wevrobas SromiT <strong>organizacia</strong>Si, rogorc muSaobis pirobas.<br />
104
TanamSromlebisTvis me-7 nawilis uflebebis uzrunvelsayofad,<br />
kongresma kanongareSed gamoacxa<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelTa specialuri praqtikebi,<br />
romlebic uaryof<strong>da</strong> TanamSromelTa kanonis upiratesobas. aqtis me-8<br />
nawilSi mocemulia xuTi ukanono SromiTi praqtika (ULPs), romlebic<br />
qvemoTaa warmodgenili:<br />
1. me-7 nawiliT miniWebuli uflebebis gamoyenebaSi Careva, maTi<br />
SezRudva, an TanamSromelTa iZuleba;<br />
2. batonoba an Careva nebismieri SromiTi organizaciis CamoyalibebaSi<br />
an marTvaSi, misi finansuri an sxvagvari mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera;<br />
3. diskriminireba <strong>da</strong>qiravebasTan an muSaobasTan, muSaobis pirobebTan<br />
an va<strong>da</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, ise rom xeli Seuwyos an SeuSalos SromiT<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si wevrobas;<br />
4. ganTavisufleba an sxvagvari diskriminacia TanamSromlebis<br />
winaaRmdeg imis gamo, rom isini ayeneben braldebebs an aZleven<br />
Cvenebas am aqtis Tanaxmad;<br />
5. TanamSromelTa saTanadod arCeul warmomadgenlebTan erTad<br />
koleqtiuri molaparakebebis warmoebis uaryofa.<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi yovel wels mraval ULP-s sCadian Segnebulad an<br />
gaucnobiereblad. magaliTad, 2000 fiskalur wels, 29.188 usamarTlo<br />
SromiTi SemTxveva (maqinacia) iqna wardgenili NLRB-s winaSe. <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelTa<br />
<strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli <strong>da</strong>rRvevebi gamovlin<strong>da</strong> 22.295 SemTxvevaSi. <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebis<br />
winaaRmdeg braldebebis umravlesoba exeba usamarTlo ganTavisuflebas an<br />
sxva diskriminacias TanamSromlebis mimarT. aseve aucilebelia, rom yvela<br />
donis menejerebma miiRon codna TanamSromelTa uflebebisa <strong>da</strong> ukanono<br />
SromiTi qmedebebis Sesaxeb. roca xelmZRvaneloba arRvevs TanamSromelTa<br />
uflebebs, NLRB-s SeuZlia “miiRos saTanado zomebi, ganaxorcielos<br />
qmedebebi, maT Soris _ SromiTi uflebebis aRdgena anazRaurebiT an mis<br />
gareSe, agreTve gamoiyenos aqtis strategiebi <strong>da</strong> gaa<strong>erTi</strong>anos SerCeuli<br />
TanamSromlebi”. 2000 wels NLRB-m <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs TanamSromlebisTvis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>axdevina 107.1 milioni dolari aqtis <strong>da</strong>rRvevebis gamo.<br />
SromiTi urTierTobebis erovnuli sabWo<br />
uwyeba, romelic pasuxismgebelia vagneris aqtis marTvasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvaze,<br />
<strong>aris</strong> SromiTi urTierTobebis erovnuli sabWo. is emsaxureba saxelmwifo<br />
interess, rom Seamciros profkavSirsa <strong>da</strong> menejments Soris uTanxmoebiT<br />
gamowveuli warmoebis an momsaxurebis Sewyvetis faqtebi. am miznis<br />
<strong>misaRwevad</strong> NLRB-s ori ZiriTadi valdebuleba ekisreba: (1) faruli<br />
kenWisyris Catareba imis gamosavlenad, surs Tu ara TanamSromels iyos<br />
kavSiris warmomadgeneli <strong>da</strong> (2) Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aicilos an aRmofxvras ukanono<br />
SromiTi qmedebebi. NLRB ar moqmedebs sakuTari iniciativiT romelime<br />
funqciaSi. is ganixilavs mxolod im ukanono SromiTi qmedebebis<br />
braldebebsa <strong>da</strong> saCivrebs, romlebic SeiZleba Semotanil iqnes mis<br />
romelime raionul samsaxurSi an sxva patara ganyofilebaSi.<br />
taft-harTlis aqti<br />
105
adganac kavSirebis molaparakebebis uflebamosileba mniSvnelovnad<br />
gaizar<strong>da</strong> vagneris aqtis Semdeg, kavSirebze garkveuli SezRudvebi<br />
aucilebeli gax<strong>da</strong>. 1947 wlis taft-harTlis aqtma (igi cnobilia agreTve,<br />
rogorc profkavSirisa <strong>da</strong> menejmentis aqti) gansazRvra kavSiris ukanono<br />
qmedebebi (maqinaciebi). Ees qmedebebia:<br />
1. TanamSromelTa SezRudva an iZuleba TavianTi uflebebis gamoyenebaSi;<br />
2. <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebis SezRudva an iZuleba mxareebis SerCevaSi, raTa<br />
molaparakebebi awarmoon maT sasargeblod;<br />
3. <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelTa <strong>da</strong>rwmuneba, moaxdinon diskriminacia maTi romelime<br />
TanamSromlis winaaRmdeg;<br />
4. <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelTan erTad koleqtiur SeTanxmebaze u<strong>aris</strong> Tqma;<br />
5. boikotebsa <strong>da</strong> iurisdiqciul <strong>da</strong>vebSi monawileoba;<br />
6. mcdeloba <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblisgan moipovon aRiareba, roca sxva kavSiri ukve<br />
warmoadgens <strong>da</strong>mtkicebul warmomadgenlobas;<br />
7. ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebuli sawevro ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebisa <strong>da</strong> Senatanebis braldeba;<br />
8. “frTovani” praqtikebi, romlebic moiTxovs xelfasis ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>s<br />
Seusrulebeli momsaxurebisTvis.<br />
mokled rom vTqvaT, tafti-harTlis aqtis miRebiT kongresma moawesriga<br />
kavSirisa <strong>da</strong> administraciis uflebebi <strong>da</strong> movaleobebi koleqtiuri<br />
SeTanxmebebis asparezze; <strong>da</strong> kanonsac aRar akritikebdnen, rogorc<br />
kavSirebis mxar<strong>da</strong>mWerebi.<br />
federaluri Suamdgomloba <strong>da</strong> momrigebeli samsaxuri<br />
meore msoflio omis Semdeg gaficvebis gaxSirebis gamo tafti-harTlis<br />
aqtma Seqmna federaluri Suamdgomloba <strong>da</strong> Semrigebluri samsaxuri (FMCS)<br />
<strong>da</strong>vebis mosagvareblad. am <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli uwyebis funqciaa <strong>da</strong>exmaros<br />
samuSao Zalasa <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobas miaRwion koleqtiur SeTanxmebebs<br />
Suamavlobis an Semrigebluri procesebis saSualebiT. es funqciebi iyenebs<br />
neitralur mxares, romelic exmareba SeTanxmebis miRwevaSi. NLRB-sgan<br />
gansxvavebiT, FMCS-s ara aqvs samarTal<strong>da</strong>mcavi uflebebi <strong>da</strong> arc SeuZlia<br />
vinmes devnis ganxorcieleba. mxareebma gamouvali mdgomareobis Sesaxeb<br />
molaparakebebis dros un<strong>da</strong> airCion momsaxureba. Tu FMCS-s mimarTaven<br />
<strong>da</strong>vis mosagvareblad, procesSi misma Carevam SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad<br />
gaaumjobesos TanamSromelTa <strong>da</strong> menejmentis urTierTobebi maSin, roca is<br />
uzrunvelyofs meqanizms koleqtiuri SeTanxmebis SemoTavazebebis<br />
gacvlisTvis. komisar ron kolotas Tanaxmad, uwyeba FMCS, Phoenix, Arizona,<br />
yovel wels Suamavlobs 6-7 aTas <strong>da</strong>vas. am bolo wlebSi FMCS mniSvnelovan<br />
rols TamaSobs problemebis mogvarebaSi kavSirgabmulobis, sportis,<br />
ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> trasportirebis mrewvelobis sferoSi.<br />
landrum-grifinis aqti<br />
1959 wels kongresma miiRo landrum-grifinis aqti (igi cnobilia<br />
agreTve, rogorc muSaTa <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobis angariSisa <strong>da</strong> gamoxatvis<br />
aqti), raTa <strong>da</strong>ecva kavSiris wevrTa uflebebi <strong>da</strong> xeli SeeSala<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebisa <strong>da</strong> kavSiris moxeleebis reketirebisa <strong>da</strong> sxva unamuso<br />
qmedebebisTvis. landrum-grifinis aqtis erT-<strong>erTi</strong> yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
106
debuleba <strong>aris</strong> profkavSiris wevrebis uflebebis kanonproeqti, romelic<br />
moiTxovs, rom kavSiris yovel wevrs un<strong>da</strong> mieniWos ufleba (1) <strong>da</strong>asaxelos<br />
kandi<strong>da</strong>tebi kavSiris samsaxurisTvis, (2) xma misces kavSiris arCevnebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
referendumebSi, (3) <strong>da</strong>eswros kavSiris Sexvedrebs <strong>da</strong> (4) monawileoba miiRos<br />
kavSiris SexvedrebSi <strong>da</strong> mxari <strong>da</strong>uWiros kavSiris saqmianobas. kavSiris<br />
wevrebs aseve eniWebaT ufleba Seamowmon kavSiris angariSebi <strong>da</strong> Canawerebi,<br />
raTa <strong>da</strong>azuston kavSiris angariSebis informacia <strong>da</strong> wamoayenon saCivari<br />
kavSiris moxelis winaaRmdeg saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi kavSiris Tanxebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sacavad. ufro metic, aqtis Tanaxmad kavSirebs moeTxovebaT yovel wels<br />
warudginon finansuri angariSi Sromis mdivans, <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebma un<strong>da</strong><br />
uCvenon yvela xarji, romelic gaweul iqna maTi SeTanxmebebis uflebebis<br />
gamoyenebaSi.<br />
SromiTi urTierTobebis procesi<br />
TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT isargeblon Sesabamisi mcire<br />
uflebamosilebiT xelmZRvanelobasTan urTierTobis dros. ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>,<br />
Tu maT sjeraT, rom maT samarTlianad ar eqcevian, maSin erovnuli SromiTi<br />
urTierTobebis aqtis me-7 nawili aniWebs maT kanonier uflebas<br />
koleqtiurad SeaTanxmon <strong>da</strong> moagvaron sakiTxi xelmZRvanelobasTan. roca<br />
TanamSromlebi mimarTaven am RonisZiebas, iwyeba SromiTi urTierTobebis<br />
procesi. SromiTi urTierTobebis procesi Sedgeba oTxi movlenis logikuri<br />
Tanamimdevrobisgan: (1) muSakebs surT koleqtiuri warmomadgenloba; (2)<br />
kavSiri iwyebs organizebis kampanias; (3) koleqtiuri molaparakebebi midis<br />
kontraqtamde <strong>da</strong> (4) ganixileba kontraqti. kanonebi <strong>da</strong> administraciuli<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebi gavlenas axdenen yovel calkeul movlenaze specialuri<br />
privilegiebis miniWebiT an gansazRvruli SezRudvebis <strong>da</strong>wesebiT muSakebze,<br />
menejerebsa <strong>da</strong> kavSiris moxeleebze.<br />
SromiTi urTierTobebis procesi<br />
xelmZRvaneloba <strong>da</strong> misi warmoadgenlebi<br />
miznebi <strong>da</strong> amocanebi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis yoveldRiuri saqmianoba<br />
(1) muSakebs surT koleqtiuri<br />
warmomadgenloba<br />
(2) kavSiri iwyebs<br />
organizebis kampanias<br />
(3) koleqtiuri molaparakebebi<br />
107
midis kontraqtamde<br />
(4) ganixileba kontraqti<br />
SromiTi klasi <strong>da</strong> misi warmomadgenlebi<br />
kanonebi <strong>da</strong> debulebebi<br />
ratom <strong>erTi</strong>andebian TanamSromlebi<br />
kvlevebis umetesoba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom <strong>erTi</strong>andebian<br />
TanamSromlebi, eyrdnoba cisfersayeloiani muSakebis gamokvlevebs kerZo<br />
seqtorSi. es gamokvlevebi zoga<strong>da</strong>d gviCvenebs, rom TanamSromlebi<br />
<strong>erTi</strong>andebian ekonomikuri moTxovnis, menejeruli qmedebiT saerTo<br />
ukmayofilebis gamo, <strong>da</strong>/an es ga<strong>erTi</strong>aneba <strong>aris</strong> saSualeba socialuri <strong>da</strong><br />
iuridiuli moTxovnebis Sesasruleblad. mokled rom vTqvaT,<br />
TanamSromlebi ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebaSi xe<strong>da</strong>ven SesaZleblobas, rom miaRwion<br />
Sedegebs, romlis miRwevac calke ar SeuZliaT.<br />
un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom zogi<strong>erTi</strong> TanamSromeli uerTdeba kavSirs<br />
samsaxuris SromiTi xelSekrulebis debulebebis gamo. im StatebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
es <strong>da</strong>saSvebia, “profkavSiris samsaxuri” <strong>aris</strong> SromiTi xelSekrulebis<br />
debuleba, romelic moiTxovs TanamSromlebisgan profkavSirTan<br />
SeerTebas, rogorc muSaobis pirobas. maSinac ki, roca iZulebiT xdeba<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>aneba, mravali TanamSromeli eTanxmeba ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis cnebas <strong>da</strong><br />
isini kavSiris wevrebi xdebian.<br />
ekonomikuri moTxovnebi<br />
K SeZlebs Tu ara profkavSiri gaxdes molaparakebebis saSualeba<br />
TanamSromlebis jgufisTvis, <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia TanamSromelTa ukmayofilebis<br />
x<strong>aris</strong>xze, muSaobis pirobebze. is aseve <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli iqneba imaze,<br />
TanamSromlebi aRiareben Tu ara, rom profkavSiris <strong>da</strong>xmareba efeqturi<br />
iqneba am pirobebis gaumjobesebaSi. ukmayofileba xelfasTan, samuSao<br />
pirobebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT warmoSobs yvelaze mwvave mizezs kavSirSi<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebisTvis. am sakiTxs mudmivad a<strong>da</strong>stureben gamokvlevebi, romlebic<br />
gviCveneben, rom kavSiris wevrebsac <strong>da</strong> arawevrebsac aqvT profkavSiris<br />
saqmianobis udidesi molodini koleqtiuri molaparakebebis (“arsebobis<br />
saSualebis”) sakiTxebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. es warmoadgens xelfasebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>xmarebebis tradiciul sakiTxebs, raze<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>fuZnebulia profkavSirebi.<br />
uTanxmoeba xelmZRvanelobasTan<br />
TanamSromlebi SeiZleba ga<strong>erTi</strong>andnen, roca isini acnobiereben, rom<br />
menejeruli qmedebebi <strong>da</strong>winaurebasTan, ga<strong>da</strong>svlebTan, <strong>da</strong>valebebTan an sxva<br />
samsaxurebriv strategiebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT usamarTlod an mikerZoebulad<br />
xorcieldeba. TanamSromlebi menejerebis mier gamoxatul favoritizms<br />
asaxeleben, rogorc kavSirebSi ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis mTavar mizezs. es<br />
108
gansakuTrebiT gamarTlebulia, roca favoritizmi exeba a<strong>da</strong>mianuri<br />
resursebis disciplinis, <strong>da</strong>winaurebisa <strong>da</strong> xelfasebis gazrdis sferoebs.<br />
Cven aRvniSneT, rom dRes TanamSromlebi ukeTesad arian<br />
informirebulni, vidre warsulSi <strong>da</strong> isini xSirad gamoTqvamen survils, rom<br />
ufro metad CaerTon samsaxurebrivi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis miRebaSi.<br />
me-3 Tavi ganixilavs TanamSromelTa uflebamosilebis cnebas <strong>da</strong> aSuqebs<br />
TanamSromelTa CarTvis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvar xerxebs. roca <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi ver<br />
aZleven TanamSromlebs SesaZleblobas monawileoba miiRon<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis miRebaSi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen maT keTildReobaze,<br />
aman SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos profkavSirSi ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebas. Rrmad swamT, rom<br />
erT-<strong>erTi</strong> mizezi, ris gamoc menejerebi iwyeben TanamSromelTa CarTvis<br />
programebs <strong>da</strong> mxars uWeren TavanT TanamSromlebs, <strong>aris</strong> is, rom Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
aicilon koleqtiuri qmedeba TanamSromlebis mier. magaliTad,<br />
xelmZRvaneloba iyenebs naxevargamtarebis, \finansur <strong>da</strong> avtoindustriebSi<br />
TanamSromlobiT programebSi TanamSromlebis CarTvas, rogorc<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis xelisSemSleli saSualebas. nisanis sawarmoSi avtomuSakebis<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis organizebis erT-<strong>erTi</strong> mcdelobis dros kavSirma waago<br />
arCevnebi, radgan TanamSromlebi kmayofilni iyvnen, rom monawileoba miiRes<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebaSi, risi saSualebac nisanis xelmZRvanelobis<br />
monawileobiTma stilma misca maT.<br />
socialuri <strong>da</strong> saerTo problemebi<br />
TanamSromlebi, romelTa moTxovnebi aRiarebisa <strong>da</strong> socialuri<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis Sesaxeb ar kmayofildeba, SeiZleba SeuerTdnen profkavSirebs<br />
TavianTi moTxovnebis <strong>da</strong>sakmayofileblad. kavSiris saSualebiT maT aqvT<br />
SesaZlebloba mxarSi amoudgenen sxva TanamSromlebs, romelTac aqvT<br />
msgavsi survilebi, interesebi, problemebi <strong>da</strong> saCivrebi. PprofkavSirSi<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>aneba aseve SesaZleblobas aZlevs maT gamoavlinon marTvis<br />
(liderobis) niWi. <strong>da</strong>skvniT analizSi, Tu ramdenad acnobiereben<br />
TanamSromlebi, rom kavSirSi ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis upiratesoba ga<strong>da</strong>wonis wevrobis<br />
xarjebs, es <strong>aris</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti faqtori.<br />
Kkampaniebis organizeba<br />
roca TanamSromels surs ga<strong>erTi</strong>aneba, formaluri organizebis<br />
kampania SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>iwyos kavSiris organizatorma an TanamSromlebma,<br />
romlebic <strong>da</strong>moukideblad moqmedeben. cnobili Sexedulebis sapirispirod,<br />
organizebis kampaniebis umravlesobas iwyeben TanamSromlebi <strong>da</strong> ara<br />
kavSiris organizatorebi. did erovnul kavSirebs, rogoricaa “United Auto<br />
Workers”, “United Brotherhood of Carpenters”, “United Steelworkers, “Teamsters”, aqvT<br />
formaluri organizebis ganyofilebebi, romelTa mizania gansazRvron<br />
organizebis SesaZleblobebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>iwyon organizebis kampaniebi.<br />
Oorganizebis etapebi<br />
teri moserma, “Teamster Local 104”-is yofilma prezidentma, erTxel<br />
ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom organizebis tipur kampanias mohyveba progresuli etapebis<br />
mTeli seriebi, ramac SeiZleba migviyvanos TanamSromlis<br />
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warmomadgenlobamde. organizebis procesi, rogorc moseri aRwers,<br />
Cveulebriv moicavs Semdeg etapebs:<br />
1. TanamSromlisa <strong>da</strong> profkavSiris <strong>da</strong>kavSireba-kontaqti;<br />
2. organizaciis pirveli Sexvedra;<br />
3. organizaciis Si<strong>da</strong> komitetis Camoyalibeba;<br />
4. saarCevno moTxovna <strong>da</strong> xmis micemis momzadeba;<br />
5. molaparakebebi kontraqtis Sesaxeb.<br />
etapi 1. Ppirveli nabiji iwyeba, roca TanamSromlebi <strong>da</strong> kavSiris<br />
oficialuri pirebi ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs, raTa gaarkvion ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis<br />
SesaZlebloba. Aam ganxilvebis periodSi TanamSromlebi gamoikvleven<br />
SromiTi warmomadgenlobis upiratesobebs <strong>da</strong> kavSiris oficialuri pirebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>iwyeben informaciis mogrovebas TanamSromelTa moTxovnebis,<br />
problemebisa <strong>da</strong> saCivrebis Sesaxeb. SromiTi organizatorebi aseve moiZieben<br />
specialur informacias <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis finansuri mdgomareobis,<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobis stilis, organizaciuli strategiisa <strong>da</strong> praqtikis<br />
Sesaxeb. TanamSromelTa mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris mosapoveblad SromiTma<br />
organizatorebma un<strong>da</strong> Seqmnan SemTxveva <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis winaaRmdeg <strong>da</strong><br />
kavSiris sasargeblod.<br />
etapi 2. radganac Oorganizebis kampania agrovebs mamoZravebel Zalas,<br />
organizatori <strong>da</strong>gegmavs kavSiris pirvel Sexvedras ufro meti<br />
mxar<strong>da</strong>mWerebis mosazi<strong>da</strong>d. organizatori gamoiyenebs pirveli etapis dros<br />
Segrovil informacias, raTa <strong>da</strong>akmayofilos TanamSromelTa moTxovnebi <strong>da</strong><br />
auxsnas, Tu rogor SeZlebs kavSiri am miznebis ganxorcielebas.<br />
organizaciuli Sexvedris kidev or <strong>da</strong>matebiT mizans warmoadgens: (1) im<br />
TanamSromlebis gansazRvra, romlebic <strong>da</strong>exmarebian organizators kampaniis<br />
warmarTvaSi <strong>da</strong> (2) kavSiris <strong>da</strong>myareba yvela TanamSromelTan.<br />
etapi 3. Oorganizebis procesSi mesame mniSvnelovan etaps warmoadgens Si<strong>da</strong><br />
organizebis komitetis Camoyalibeba. komiteti Sedgeba im<br />
TanamSromlebisgan, romelTac surT uxelmZRvanelon kampanias. komitetis<br />
funqciaa <strong>da</strong>ainteresos sxva TanamSromlebi profkavSirSi ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebiT <strong>da</strong><br />
misi kampaniis mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT. Kkomitetis mTavar amocanas warmoadgens, rom<br />
TanamSromlebma xeli moaweron uflebamosilebis baraTs (gancxadebas) (ix.<br />
HRM 2), romliTac isini survils gamoxataven iyvnen SromiTi kavSiris<br />
warmomadgenlebi koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebis procesSi <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelTan erTad.<br />
xelmowerili uflebamosilebis baraTebis ricxvi gviCvenebs SromiTi<br />
kavSiris potenciur Zalas. TanamSromelTa sul mcire 30 procentma xeli<br />
un<strong>da</strong> moaweros uflebamosilebis baraTs, sanam SromiTi urTierTobebis<br />
erovnuli sabWo warmomadgenlobiT arCevnebs Caatarebs.<br />
etapi 4. Tu TanamSromelTa sakm<strong>aris</strong>i raodenoba mxars <strong>da</strong>uWers kavSirs,<br />
organizatori Seecdeba mTavrobis mier <strong>da</strong>finansebuli arCevnebis Catarebas.<br />
warmomadgenlobiTi Txovna waredgineba NLRB-s, rom Catardes arCevnebi<br />
faruli kenWisyriT, raTa gamovavlinoT, TanamSromlebs namdvilad surT Tu<br />
ara ga<strong>erTi</strong>aneba. arCevnebamde farTo sajaro kampania mimarTuli iqneba<br />
TanamSromlebis mimarT, rom maTi mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera <strong>da</strong> xmebi moipovos<br />
arCevnebisTvis. Ees <strong>aris</strong> <strong>da</strong>Zabuli emociebis periodi TanamSromlebisTvis,<br />
SromiTi organizaciisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblisTvis.<br />
etapi 5. kavSiris organizeba mTavrdeba, roca kavSiri gaimarjvebs arCevnebSi.<br />
NLRB “<strong>da</strong>amtkicebs” kavSirs, rogorc TanamSromelTa kanonier momrigebel<br />
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warmomadgenels. D<strong>da</strong> axla <strong>da</strong>iwyeba kontraqtze molaparakebebi; es<br />
molaparakebebi warmoadgens kidev erT brZolas kavSirsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels<br />
Soris. Mmolaparakebebis periodSi TiToeuli mxare Seecdeba muSaobis<br />
pirobebi miusa<strong>da</strong>gos Tavis Tanamdebobas. Si<strong>da</strong> organizebis komitetis<br />
wevrebi <strong>da</strong> kavSiris organizatori Seecdebian miaRwion TanamSromelTa<br />
pirvel SeTanxmebas. <strong>da</strong>axloebiT oTxi kavSiris kampanii<strong>da</strong>n erT kavSirs ar<br />
SeuZlia uzrunvelyos pirveli SeTanxmeba warmomadgenlobiTi arCevnebis<br />
mogebis Semdeg. Tu kavSiri ver miaRwevs SeTanaxmebas arCevnebis mogebis<br />
Semdeg <strong>erTi</strong> wlis manZilze, maSin taft-harTlis aqti nebas aZlevs<br />
TanamSromlebs xma ar miscen NLRB-s “<strong>da</strong>u<strong>da</strong>sturebeli” arCevnebis<br />
saSualebiT.<br />
Oorganizebis aqtiuri taqtika<br />
maSin, roca organizebis xuTi etapi warmoadgens kavSiris<br />
<strong>da</strong>kompleqtebis tradiciul meTods, SromiTi moZraoba gax<strong>da</strong> ufro aqtiuri<br />
<strong>da</strong> SemoqmedebiTi Tavisi organizebis taqtikaSi. kavSirebi Sokirebulni<br />
iyvnen am “revoluciuri” organizebis strategiis SemuSavebiT <strong>da</strong><br />
cdilobdnen, rom aenazRaurebinaT wevrebi Semcirebis mere <strong>da</strong> winaaRmdegoba<br />
gaewiaT <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis antikavSiruli kampaniisTvis (orive sakiTxi ganixileba<br />
mogvianebiT). “gacocxlebuli” SromiTi moZraobis dRis wesrigis <strong>misaRwevad</strong>,<br />
kavSirebi iyeneben organizaciis Semdeg saSualebebs (sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva x<strong>aris</strong>xiT):<br />
1. politikuri Careva. kavSirebi ufro SerCeviT uWers mxars saxelmwifo<br />
moxeleebs, romlebic kavSiris Tanxebs aZleven kandi<strong>da</strong>tebs,<br />
romlebic specialurad hpirdebian mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras SromiTi<br />
kanonmdeblobisTvis. sawinaaRmdegod, kavSirebi apireben “uxeSad<br />
mopyrobas” policielebis mimarT, romlebic ebrZvian antikavSiris<br />
mimarTulebebs. erT-<strong>erTi</strong> kavSiris moxelis Tanaxmad, organizebuli<br />
Sroma moiTxovs “quCis sicxis” warmoSobas politikuri brZolebis<br />
dros.<br />
2. kavSiris “<strong>da</strong>marileba”. kavSiris organizatorebi <strong>da</strong>saqmebisTvis<br />
mimarTaven im kompanias, romelic miznad isaxavs organizebas,<br />
Cveulebriv, araprofkavSiruli struqturis firmas. <strong>da</strong>qiravebis Semdeg<br />
es organizatorebi aqtiurad muSaoben sxva TanamSromlebis<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebisTvis. 1995 wels aSS-is uzenaesma sasamarTlom, “NLRB V<br />
Town and Country Electric” kompaniis SemTxvevaSi, ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs ar SeuZliaT diskriminaciis ganxorcieleba<br />
<strong>da</strong>qiravebasTan an <strong>da</strong>saqmebis sxva pirobebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. menejerebis<br />
realuri rqa, <strong>da</strong>marilebis kampaniebi warmatebuli iyo Cveni eris<br />
regionebis zr<strong>da</strong>Si.<br />
3. Oorganizatoris treningi. Cveulebriv, organizebas samuSaoa drois<br />
naxevari sWirdeba. dRes AFL-CIO-s organizebis instituti aqtiurad<br />
amzadebs profesionali organizatorebis axal Taobas. amJamad maT<br />
mizans 1.000 axali organizatoris ga<strong>da</strong>mzadeba warmoadgens. agreTve<br />
AFL-CIO-m mosTxova adgilobriv kavSirebs adgilobrivi samsaxuris<br />
wevrebis sruli mobilizeba moexdinaT, <strong>da</strong>kompleqtebaze adgilobrivi<br />
Tanxebis 30 procenti <strong>da</strong>ixarja.<br />
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4. saerTo kampaniebi. kavSirebma SeiZleba gadmoibiron politikuri an<br />
sazogadoebrivi jgufebi samizne kompaniis produqtebis boikotisTvis.<br />
sxva taqtika moicavs sagazeTo gamocemebs, romlebic akritikeben<br />
kompaniis konkretul ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebs; braldebebs uyeneben<br />
administraciul uwyebebs, rogoricaa “OSHA”, Sromis departamenti <strong>da</strong><br />
NLRB, <strong>da</strong> aiZuleben organizaciis finansur institucias SeaCeron<br />
sesxebi an moiTxovon ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebi. Aam bolo strategiis dros, Sromis<br />
kavSirebma TxovniT mimarTes fasiani qaRaldebisa <strong>da</strong> birJis komisias,<br />
raTa gamoekvlia, ratom ver awvdian kompaniebi mniSvnelovan finansur<br />
informacias aqcionerebs. 2002 wels wyalsadenis SemkeTeblebis<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebulma asociaciam waradgina mewiles ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba volt<br />
disneis kompaniaSi Tavisi <strong>da</strong> sami sxva kavSiris saxeliT, romlebic<br />
floben disneis aqciebs – 93 milion dolars. maT mouwodes kompanias<br />
wina<strong>da</strong>debiT Seewyvita sakonsultacio samuSaos micema misi<br />
auditorisTvis _ “fraisvoTahauskooperisTvis”.<br />
5. sainformacio teqnologia. Eelfosta <strong>da</strong> interneti ufro <strong>da</strong> ufro<br />
swrafad xdebian kavSiris efeqturi saSualebebi. internetiT<br />
TanamSromlebs xeli miuwvdebaT calkeuli kavSirebis vebgverdebTan,<br />
kavSiris wevrobis msurvelTa gancxadebebTan <strong>da</strong> a. S. “informaciuli<br />
kavSirebi” cdiloben kompiuteris teqnologia gamoiyenon organizebis<br />
saqmianobis yvela aspeqtSi.<br />
HRM 2<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebuli kvebisa <strong>da</strong> komerciuli muSakebi<br />
saerTaSoriso kavSiris uflebamosilebis baraTi<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebuli kvebisa <strong>da</strong> komerciuli muSakebis saerTaSoriso kavSiri<br />
uflebamosileba warmomadgenlobisTvis<br />
me uflebamosilebas vaniWeb ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebuli kvebisa <strong>da</strong> komerciuli muSakebis<br />
saerTaSoriso kavSirs _ AFL-CIO-CLC, an mis adgilobriv kavSirs (kavSirebs)<br />
iyos Cemi warmomadgeneli koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebisTvis.<br />
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__________________________________________________________________<br />
(<strong>da</strong>beWdili saxeli) (TariRi)<br />
____________________________________ _____________________<br />
(xelmowera) (saxlis telefonis nomeri)<br />
__________________________________________________________________<br />
(misamarTi) (qalaqi) (qveyana) (safosto kodi)<br />
_________________________________________________________________<br />
(<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis saxelwodeba) (misamarTi)<br />
______________________ ______________________ _____________<br />
(<strong>da</strong>qiravebis TariRi) (Sesasrulebeli samuSaos saxeoba) (ganyofileba)<br />
______________ _______________<br />
(saaTebi) (<strong>da</strong>svenebis dReebi)<br />
dRis cvla ----- Ramis cvla ---- sruli ganakveTi----- naxevari ganakveTi ---<br />
miiRebT monawileobas organizebis komitetSi? Ddiax ------- ara -------<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis strategiebi ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis winaaRmdeg<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi iyeneben ori mimarTulebis kampanias ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis<br />
winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. Ppirvel mimarTulebis SemTxvevaSi, roca<br />
SesaZlebeli iqneba, <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi aqcents gaakeTeben TanamSromelsa <strong>da</strong><br />
xelmZRvanelobas Soris sasurvel urTierTobaze, rac maT hqon<strong>da</strong>T<br />
warsulSi kavSiris gareSe. xelmZRvanelobam SeiZleba gamoyos is<br />
upiratesobebi xelfasebSi, <strong>da</strong>xmarebaSi an samuSao pirobebSi, rac maT aqvT<br />
im organizaciebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, romlebic ukve ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebulia<br />
profkavSirSi. xelmZRvanelobam SeiZleba Seaxsenos TanamSromels: “Tqven<br />
gaqvT ufleba ga<strong>erTi</strong>andeT kavSirSi, Tumca Tqven aseve gaqvT ufleba ar<br />
SeuerTdeT <strong>da</strong> pir<strong>da</strong>pir iTanamSromloT <strong>organizacia</strong>sTan gare<strong>da</strong>n Carevis<br />
gareSe.”<br />
kampaniis meore mimarTulebis gamoyenebisas <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi xazs usvamen<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis nebismier arasasurvel aspeqts, maT Soris gaficvebs, kavSiris<br />
sawevro Senatanebis ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> specialur Sefasebebs, wevrebis kanonieri<br />
uflebebis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis sajarod gamocxadebas, kampaniis procesSi kavSiris<br />
mier gakeTebul nebismier cru <strong>da</strong>pirebas. xelmZRvanelobam aseve SeiZleba<br />
gamoiyenos mTavrobis statistika, raTa aCvenos, rom kavSirebi sCadian<br />
mraval SromiT maqinacias. magaliTad, 7.052 ukanono SromiTi SemTxveva<br />
<strong>da</strong>abrales kavSirebs 2000 wels; umetesobam (5.052) <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>stura ukanono<br />
SezRudva <strong>da</strong> TanamSromelTa iZuleba. D<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebma SeiZleba wamoiwyon<br />
kanonieri qmedeba, rom profkavSiris wevrebi <strong>da</strong>/an maTi liderebi CaerTon<br />
nebismier ukanono SromiT maqinaciaSi organizebis procesSi.<br />
Taft-harTlis aqtiT <strong>da</strong>Svebuli SezRudvebis farglebSi<br />
xelmZRvanelobas SeuZlia gamoxatos Tavisi Sexedulebebi kavSiris<br />
warmomadgenlis uaryofiTi mxareebis Sesaxeb. Tumca kavSiris kampaniisaTvis<br />
winaaRmdegobis gawevis dros menejerebi ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>emuqron TanamSromlebs<br />
samsaxuris <strong>da</strong>kargviT an sxva samsaxurebrivi SeRavaTebis SemcirebiT an<br />
<strong>da</strong>kargviT, imis gamo, rom isini mxars uWeren ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebas. xelmZRvanelobas<br />
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ar SeuZlia SesTavazos TanamSromels axali, gaumjobesebuli pirobebi an<br />
maRali xelfasebi, raTa mxari <strong>da</strong>uWiron “araprofkavSirs”. HRM 3-Si<br />
warmodgenilia zogi<strong>erTi</strong> RonisZieba, romelic menejerebi an ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebi<br />
ar un<strong>da</strong> Caerion.<br />
HRM 3<br />
D <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis “akrZalvebi” profkavSiris organizebis kampaniis periodSi<br />
kavSiris organizeba emociurad <strong>da</strong>tvirTulia movlenebiT. ufro metic,<br />
Sromis kanoni, NLRB-s ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebi <strong>da</strong> sasamarTlos <strong>da</strong>dgenilebebi<br />
did gavlenas axdens xelmZRvanelobisa <strong>da</strong> kavSiris warmomadgenlebis<br />
qcevasa <strong>da</strong> moqmedebebze. organizebis kampaniis msvlelobis dros<br />
menejerebma <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebma Tavi<strong>da</strong>n un<strong>da</strong> aicilon Semdegi moqmedebebi:<br />
• kavSiris Sexvedrebze <strong>da</strong>swreba, jaSuSoba TanamSromlisa <strong>da</strong> kavSiris<br />
Sekrebebze, an TanamSromlis <strong>da</strong>kiTxva kavSiris Sexvedris Sinaarsis<br />
gasagebad;<br />
• kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma TanamSromlebisaTvis profkavSirisadmi maTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebis Sesaxeb, kerZod, vis miscemen isini xmas kavSiris<br />
arCevnebSi;<br />
• TanamSromlebisadmi <strong>da</strong>muqreba an maTi ganTavisufleba kavSirisaTvis<br />
mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris an pozitiuri Sexedulebebis gamo;<br />
• TanamSromelTa samuSao pirobebis Secvla imis gamo, rom isini<br />
aqtiurad muSaoben kavSirebisTvis an ubralod mxars uWeren maT<br />
ideebs;<br />
• TanamSromelTa saxelebis, misamarTebis <strong>da</strong> telefonis nomrebis<br />
miwodeba kavSiris warmomadgenlebisTvis;<br />
• DsamuSao pirobebis gaumjobesebis <strong>da</strong>pireba TanamSromlebisTvis<br />
(xelfasis gazr<strong>da</strong>, privilegiebis micema <strong>da</strong> a.S.), Tu isini xmas<br />
miscemen profkavSiris winaaRmdeg;<br />
• kavSiris uflebamosilebis baraTebis miReba an kavSiris mimarTvebis<br />
ganxilva, radganac TanamSromelTa saxelebi mocemulia am<br />
dokumentebSi<br />
rogor <strong>erTi</strong>andebian TanamSromlebi profkavSirebSi<br />
TanamSromlebi warmoadgenen koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebis jgufs, rac<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gaformdes SromiTi xelSekrulebiT. NLRB gansazRvravs SeTanxmebebis<br />
jgufs, rogorc ori an meti iseTi TanamSromlisgan Semdgar jgufs,<br />
romelTac aqvT saerTo interesebi <strong>da</strong> pirobebi <strong>da</strong> SeiZleba koleqtiuri<br />
SeTanxmebiT ga<strong>erTi</strong>andnen sa<strong>erTi</strong> miznebis <strong>misaRwevad</strong>. Tu TanamSromeli <strong>da</strong><br />
profkavSiri ver Tanxmdebian, Tu vin un<strong>da</strong> Sevides SeTanxmebebis jgufSi,<br />
Sesabamisi koleqtiuri ganxilvis jgufs gansazRvravs NLRB saerTo<br />
interesebis safuZvelze (rogoricaa xelfasi, samuSao movaleobebi an<br />
treningi). magaliTad, saavadmyofoebSi NLRB-m Camoayaliba garkveuli<br />
jgufebi eqTnebisTvis, meqanikosebisTvis, eqimebisTvis, SemkeTeblebisTvis,<br />
114
ofisis teqnikuri personalisTvis, yvela sxva araprofesionalisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
TanamSromlebisTvis.<br />
NLRB-s warmomadgenlobiTi arCevnebi<br />
Tu TanamSromelTa 30 procenti Caewereba koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebis<br />
jgufSi, profkavSiri TxovniT mimarTavs NLRB-s arCevnebisTvis. mimarTvis<br />
iniciativa _ Caataros warmomadgenlobiTi arCevnebi _ Cveulebriv<br />
profkavSirs ekuTvnis, garkveuli garemoebebis Tanaxmad, Tumca<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebsac aqvT ufleba mimarTon mas (ix. HRM 4). arCevnebamde NLRB<br />
gamarTavs winasaarCevno ganxilvas (saqmis mosmenas) <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebTan <strong>da</strong><br />
profkavSirTan, kavSirebTan erTad TanamSromlebis warmosadgenad. Aam<br />
Sexvedraze ramdenime mniSvnelovani sakiTxi ganixileba, maT Soris<br />
uflebamosilebis baraTebis <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>stureba, NLRB-s iurisdiqciis <strong>da</strong>mtkiceba<br />
arCevnebis Casatareblad, koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebis jgufis Camoyalibeba,<br />
arCevnebis TariRi, xmis micemis forma biuletenebze. Bbiuletenze<br />
mocemulia im profkavSirebis saxelebi, romlebic cdiloben aRiarebis<br />
mopovebas; biuleteni aseve gvaZlevs saSualebas avirCioT “araprofkavSiri”.<br />
arCevnebis Catarebis Semdeg gamarjvebuli mxare gamovlindeba<br />
realuri xmebis raodenobaze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT, <strong>da</strong> ara koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebis<br />
jgufis wevrebis raodenobis mixedviT. magaliTad, ganvixiloT koleqtiuri<br />
molaparakebebis jgufi XYZ korporaciaSi, romelic 100 TanamSromlisgan<br />
Sedgeba, magram mxolod 27 TanamSromelma misca xma arCevnebSi. kavSiri,<br />
romelmac 14 <strong>da</strong>debiTi xma miiRo 27 xmi<strong>da</strong>n (umravlesoba), gamocxaddeba<br />
gamarjvebulad, <strong>da</strong> profkavSiri <strong>da</strong>mtkicdeba yvela (100) TanamSromlisTvis.<br />
kanonis mixedviT kavSirs mieniWeba eqskluziuri warmomadgenloba<br />
molaparakebebis jgufis yvela TanamSromlisTvis. prof-kavSirs <strong>da</strong>amtkicebs<br />
NLRB, rogorc molaparakebiTi saSualeba, sul mcire <strong>erTi</strong> wlis vadiT, an<br />
SromiTi xelSekrulebis moqmedebis vadiT. kavSiris <strong>da</strong>mtkicebis Semdeg<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli valdebulia <strong>da</strong>iwyos molaparakebebi SromiTi<br />
xelSekrulebisTvis.<br />
SromiT urTierTobebSi mniSvnelovan statistikas warmoadgens<br />
arCevnebSi kavSirebis mogeba-wagebis Canaweri. 1950 wels NLRB-s mier<br />
Catarebul arCevnebSi profkavSiris gamarjvebis maCvenebeli iyo 74.5<br />
procenti. es procentuloba mniSvnelovnad <strong>da</strong>eca 60.2 procentamde 1965 wels<br />
<strong>da</strong> 48.2 procentamde 1995 wels. procentulobis maCvenebeli kavSiris<br />
gamarjvebisTvis <strong>da</strong>stabilur<strong>da</strong> 48 procentamde 1995 wlis Semdeg. SeiZleba<br />
gakeTdes <strong>da</strong>skvna, rom profkavSirebma <strong>da</strong>karges TanamSromelTa efeqturad<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis SesaZlebloba.<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis gavlena menejerebze<br />
TanamSromelTa ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebam SeiZleba garkveuli gavlena iqonios<br />
menejerebze. SesaZloa yvelaze mniSvnelovania misi gavlena<br />
xelmZRvanelobis mier ganxorcielebul prerogativebze TanamSromlebis<br />
Sesaxeb ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis miRebisas. ufro metic, ga<strong>erTi</strong>aneba zRu<strong>da</strong>vs<br />
xelmZRvanelobis Tavisuflebas a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis politikis<br />
calmxrivad CamoyalibebisTvis <strong>da</strong> SeuZlia problemebi Seuqmnas<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelTa uflebamosilebas.<br />
115
xelmZRvanelobis prerogativebis problemebi<br />
Cveulebriv profkavSiri cdilobs ufro metad miiRos monawileoba<br />
xelmZRvanelobis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis miRebaSi, rac gavlenas axdens maT<br />
wevrebze. es ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebi SeiZleba moicavdes iseT sakiTxebs,<br />
rogoricaa samuSaos, produqtiulobis stan<strong>da</strong>rtebisa <strong>da</strong> samuSaos Sinaarsis<br />
gacnoba. <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi sakmaod bunebrivad asaxeleben mraval amgvar<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas, rogorc maTi eqskluziuri xelmZRvanelobis prerogativas<br />
– ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebs, razec xelmZRvaneloba eqskluziuri uflebebis<br />
pretenzias acxadebs. Tumca es prerogativebi problemebs qmnis <strong>da</strong> iwvevs<br />
kavSiris winaaRmdegobas. maT SeiZleba ikamaTon molaparakebis magi<strong>da</strong>sTan<br />
Seuracxmyofeli formiT <strong>da</strong> gaficvebis muqariT.<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobis uflebamosilebis <strong>da</strong>kargva<br />
profkavSirisa <strong>da</strong> administraciis bolo konferenciaze profkavSiris<br />
moxelem gaakeTa komentari: “kontraqtis pirobebi: xelfasi, sargebeli,<br />
samuSaos <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong> samuSao saaTebi Zalze mniSvnelovania Cveni<br />
wevrebisTvis”. menejerebisa <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebisTvis mTavaria kavSiris<br />
gavlena samuSao doneze (qarxnis an ofisis SesaZlebloba), sa<strong>da</strong>c SromiTi<br />
xelSekrulebis pirobebi xorcieldeba yoveldRiurad. magaliTad, am<br />
pirobebma SeiZleba gansazRvros, romeli moqmedeba un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes<br />
TanamSromlebTan mimarTebaSi <strong>da</strong> maT disciplinirebaSi. TanamSromelTa<br />
<strong>da</strong>sjis dros ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebi un<strong>da</strong> iyvnen <strong>da</strong>rwmunebulni, rom maT SeuZliaT<br />
<strong>da</strong>asaxelon “safuZvliani mizezi” (ix. Tavi 13) TavianTi qmedebebisTvis,<br />
radganac am qmedebebs SeiZleba problemebi mohyves kavSirisa <strong>da</strong><br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelis mxri<strong>da</strong>n, <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveli SeiZleba saCivris gamo<br />
gamoZaxebuli iyos <strong>da</strong>kiTxvaze, rogorc mopasuxe. Tu problemas mivyvebiT,<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelis qmedobaunarianoba Semdgomi disciplinaruli problemebis<br />
aRmosafxvrelad SeiZleba Sesustdebuli iqnes. specialuri kontraqtis enam<br />
SeiZleba aseve Seamciros ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelis SesaZlebloba marTos iseTi<br />
sferoebi, rogoricaa <strong>da</strong>gegmva, treningi, ga<strong>da</strong>svlebi, saqmianobis Sefaseba,<br />
<strong>da</strong>winaureba <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
HRM 4<br />
NLRB-s saarCevno posteri<br />
Setyobineba TanamSromlebisTvis<br />
SromiTi urTierTobebis erovnuli sabWo<br />
werilobiTi Txovna Semosulia federaluri uwyebisgan arCevnebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, rom ganisazRvros, surT Tu ara konkretul TanamSromlebs<br />
warmoadgendnen kavSirs.<br />
saqme ganixileba <strong>da</strong> aranairi ganmarteba ar <strong>aris</strong> gakeTebuli am<br />
droisTvis SromiTi urTierTobebis erovnuli sabWos mier. arCevnebis<br />
Catarebamde gamoikvreba Setyobinebebi xmis micemis sruli monacemebis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
116
sasurvelia Tqvenma <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelma gamoacxados es Setyobineba, ise rom<br />
SromiTi urTierTobebis erovnulma sabWom SeZlos gacnoboT Tqven ZiriTadi<br />
uflebebis Sesaxeb SromiTi urTierTobebis erovnuli aqtis Sesabamisad.<br />
Tqven gaqvT ufleba federaluri kanonis Tanaxmad:<br />
• TviTorganizebis;<br />
• CamoayaliboT, SeuerTdeT an <strong>da</strong>exmaroT SromiT organizaciebs;<br />
• koleqtiurad awarmooT SeTanxmebebi Tqveni arCeuli warmomadgenlebis<br />
saSualebiT;<br />
• erTad imuSaoT koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebis an sxva ormxrivi<br />
<strong>da</strong>xmarebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvisaTvis;<br />
• uari TqvaT nebismier an yvela saqmeze, Tu saxelmwifoSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c aseTi<br />
SeTanaxmebebi <strong>da</strong>saSvebia, profkavSiri <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli ar deben<br />
kanonieri kavSiris <strong>da</strong>cvis xelSekrulebas, romelic moiTxovs<br />
TanamSromlebisgan ga<strong>da</strong>ixadon periodulad sawevro ga<strong>da</strong>saxadi <strong>da</strong><br />
sainiciativo ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebi. Tu TanamSromeli ar <strong>aris</strong> profkavSiris<br />
wevri <strong>da</strong> acnobebs profkavSirs, rom is winaaRmdegia gamoiyenon misi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebi arawarmomadgenlobiTi miznebisTvis, SeiZleba misgan<br />
moiTxovon, rom ga<strong>da</strong>ixados mxolod kavSiris xarjebis nawili,<br />
gankuTvnili warmomadgenlobiTi saqmianobisaTvis (rogoricaa<br />
koleqtiuri molaparakebebi, kontraqtis marTva <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rRvevebis<br />
mowesrigeba).<br />
SesaZlebelia, zogierTma Tqvenganma monawileoba miiRos TanamSromlebis<br />
warmomadgenlobiT arCevnebSi arCevnebis Taobaze Setanili gancxadebis<br />
safuZvelze, aranairi ganmarteba ar <strong>aris</strong> gakeTebuli im drois Sesaxeb,<br />
rodesac imarTeba arCevnebi; SromiTi urTierTobebis erovnul sabWos surs<br />
yvela kanonieri amomrCeveli gaecnos Tavis uflebebs kanonis Tanaxmad.<br />
sabWo iyenebs normebs, rac uzrunvelyofs samarTlian arCevnebs <strong>da</strong><br />
Tavisufali arCevanis gakeTebas. Tu prof-kavSirebis an <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebis<br />
Suamavlebi erevian Tqvens uflebebSi Tavisufali arCevnebis dros, arCevnebi<br />
SeiZleba ga<strong>da</strong>idos sabWos mier. sabWo uzrunvelyofs agreTve sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
saWiro <strong>da</strong>xmarebas, rogoricaa TavianTi uflebebiT sargeblobis gamo<br />
ganTavisuflebuli TanamSromlebis samsaxurSi aRdgena, maTi Sromis<br />
anazRaureba im mx<strong>aris</strong> mier, romelic pasuxismgebelia maT ganTavisuflebaze.<br />
SeniSvna: qvemoT mocemulia im qmedebebis magaliTebi, romlebic<br />
TanamSromelTa uflebebs arRveven <strong>da</strong> SeiZleba arCevnebis ga<strong>da</strong>deba<br />
gamoiwvion:<br />
• D<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis an kavSiris mier samsaxuris <strong>da</strong>kargviT <strong>da</strong>muqreba;<br />
• TanamSromelTa mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris mopovebis mizniT, <strong>da</strong>winaurebis,<br />
xelfasis gazrdis an sxva <strong>da</strong>xmarebebis <strong>da</strong>pireba im mx<strong>aris</strong> mier,<br />
romelsac SeuZlia aseTi <strong>da</strong>pirebebis Sesruleba;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis mier TanamSromlebis gaTavisufleba imis mixedviT,<br />
xels uwyoben Tu uSlian kavSirs saqmianobaSi;<br />
• kampaniis gamosvlebis warmarTva TanamSromelTa Sekrebili<br />
jgufebisTvis arCevnebamde 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi;<br />
• rasis an religiuri Sexedulebebis gamo <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis an kavSiris<br />
mier saCivrebis gamowveva;<br />
117
• fizikuri Zalis gamoyenebiT an ZaladobiT <strong>da</strong>muqreba TanamSromlebis<br />
mimarT kavSiris an <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis mier, xmebis mopovebis mizniT.<br />
gTxovT <strong>da</strong>rwmundeT, rom Tu arCevnebi tardeba, yvelanairi Zalisxmeva<br />
iqneba gamoyenebuli Tqveni uflebebis <strong>da</strong>sacavad, gaakeToT Tavisufali<br />
arCevani kanonis Sesabamisad. ar iqneba <strong>da</strong>Svebuli araswori saqcieli. Yyvela<br />
mxarem un<strong>da</strong> iTanamSromlos am uwyebasTan samarTliani arCevnebis ZiriTadi<br />
principebis SesanarCuneblad, rogorc kanoni moiTxovs. Eerovnuli SromiTi<br />
urTierTobebis sabWo, rogorc SeerTebuli Statebis samTavrobo uwyeba, ar<br />
a<strong>da</strong>sturebs raime arCevans arCevnebSi.<br />
Eerovnuli SromiTi urTierTobebis sabWo<br />
SeerTebuli Statebis samTavrobo uwyeba<br />
es <strong>aris</strong> oficialuri samTavrobo Setyobineba <strong>da</strong> ar un<strong>da</strong> iqnes<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>keTebuli an Secvlili.<br />
SromiTi profkavSirebis struqtura, funqciebi <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvaneloba<br />
P profkavSirebs, romlebic warmoadgenen xelobis muSakebs (durgals an<br />
kalatozs), uwodeben xelobis profkavSirs. masSi Sedis rkinaze momuSave<br />
muSakebis saerTaSoriso asociacia, durglebis ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebuli amxanagoba <strong>da</strong><br />
wyalsadenebisa <strong>da</strong> milsadenebis SemkeTeblebis ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebuli asociacia.<br />
kavSirebi, romlebic warmoadgenen industriaSi momuSave (xelobis <strong>da</strong><br />
naxevrad xelobis) muSakebs, cnobilia, rogorc industriuli<br />
kavSirebi.Ffostis muSakebis amerikuli kavSiri <strong>aris</strong> industriuli kavSiri,<br />
iseve rogorc ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebuli avtomuSakebi; ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebuli foladis<br />
muSakebi; saxelmwifos, qveynis <strong>da</strong> municipalitetis TanamSromlebis amerikis<br />
federacia; <strong>da</strong> samsaxurisa <strong>da</strong> profesionali TanamSromlebis saerTaSoriso<br />
kavSiri. sanam es gansxvaveba isev arsebobs, teqnologiurma cvlilebebma,<br />
kavSiris ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebebma <strong>da</strong> kavSirebs Soris konkurenciam xeli Seuwyo am<br />
profkavSirebis Semcirebas. amJamad xelobis <strong>da</strong> araxelobis muSakebi,<br />
TeTrsayeloianebi <strong>da</strong> cisfersayeloianebi, <strong>da</strong> profesiuli jgufebi<br />
warmoadgenen orive saxis kavSirebs.<br />
PprofkavSirebis gar<strong>da</strong>, aseve arsebobs TanamSromelTa asociaciebi,<br />
romlebic warmoadgenen profesionali <strong>da</strong> TeTrsayeloiani muSakebis<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva jgufebs. magaliTad, TanamSromelTa asociaciebia: erovnuli<br />
ganaTlebis asociacia, miCiganis saxelmwifo TanamSromelTa asociacia,<br />
amerikel eqimTa asociacia, <strong>da</strong> aviaxazebis pilotTa asociacia. kavSirebTan<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT am asociaciebs SeuZliaT imuSaon, rogorc kavSirebma yvelanairi<br />
miznisTvis <strong>da</strong> gaxdnen iseTive aqtiurebi wevrebis warmodgenaSi, rogoric<br />
kavSirebi arian.<br />
tipis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, SromiTi organizaciebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian<br />
TavianTi marTvis meTodebiTa <strong>da</strong> miznebiT. ufro metic, maT aqvT sakuTari<br />
stuqturebi. magaliTad, SromiTi organizaciebis aRweris dros mkvlevarTa<br />
umetesoba maT yofs sam jgufad: (1) industriuli organizaciebis kongresisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Sromis amerikuli federacia (AFL-CIO), (2) erovnuli kavSirebi, (3)<br />
adgilobrivi kavSirebi, romlebic ekuTvnian mTavar erovnul kavSirebs.<br />
118
TiToeuls aqvs arsebobis sakuTari mizani, iseve rogorc muSaobis<br />
strategia <strong>da</strong> meTodebi.<br />
industriuli organizaciebis kongresisa <strong>da</strong> Sromis amerikuli federaciis<br />
(AFL-CIO) struqtura <strong>da</strong> funqciebi<br />
1955 wels Sromis amerikuli federacia, romelic Sedgeba ostatebis<br />
profkavSirebisgan, <strong>da</strong> industriuli organizaciebis kongresi, romelic<br />
Sedgeba ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d industriuli kavSirebisgan, ga<strong>erTi</strong>andnen <strong>da</strong> amis<br />
Sedegad Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> AFL-CIO. AFL-CIO samoc<strong>da</strong>eqvsi avtonomiuri erovnuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> saerTaSoriso kavSiris federaciaa. radganac am avtonomiuri kavSirebis<br />
interesebi <strong>da</strong> organizebis meTodebi AFL-CIO-Si yovelTvis ar emTxveva<br />
erTmaneTs, AFL-CIO-Si upiratesoba eniWeba debulebas, romelic<br />
uzrunvelyofs wevri kavSirebis <strong>da</strong>cvas sxva kavSirebis “Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmisagan”<br />
federaciis farglebSi. Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmis Sesaxeb am debulebis <strong>da</strong>rRvevam SeiZleba<br />
gamoiwvios federacii<strong>da</strong>n garicxva.<br />
sinamdvileSi, AFL-CIO <strong>aris</strong> “Sromis saxli”, romelic mowodebulia<br />
warmoadginos ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebuli fronti organizebuli Sromis<br />
sasargeblod. is avrcelebs Tavisi Svilobili kavSirebis liderebis<br />
mier SemuSavebul politikas, exmareba organizaciebs saqmianobis<br />
koordinaciaSi Svilobil kavSirebs Soris, atarebs gamokvlevebs <strong>da</strong><br />
uzrunvelyofs sxva saxis <strong>da</strong>xmarebebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva ganyofilebis<br />
saSualebiT. kavSirebis umetesoba ekuTvnis am federacias. AFL-CIO-s<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 13 milioni wevri hyavs, anu <strong>da</strong>axloebiT yvela kavSiris<br />
wevrebis 80 procenti. Svilobili kavSirebi ixdian erT sulze sawevro<br />
Senatanebs (amJamad 50 centi erT wevrze TveSi) federaciis saqmianobis<br />
mxar<strong>da</strong>saWerad. kerZod, AFL-CIO exmareba Tavis wevrebs Semdeg<br />
sakiTxebSi:<br />
1. Sromis interesebis Temebis ganxilva sakanonmdeblo organoebSi;<br />
2. Svilobil kavSirebs Soris kavSiris organizebis samuSaoebis<br />
koordinacia;<br />
3. ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis problemebisa <strong>da</strong> upiratesobebis gacnoba<br />
sazogadoebisTvis;<br />
4. <strong>da</strong>vebis mogvareba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kavSirebs Soris.<br />
am servisebis SemoTavazebis gar<strong>da</strong>, AFL-CIO inarCunebs interess<br />
saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi <strong>da</strong> Si<strong>da</strong>ekonomikur sakiTxebSi, sagareo politikis<br />
sakiTxebSi, erovnul <strong>da</strong> regionalur politikaSi. magaliTad, AFL-CIO-m am<br />
bolo dros gamoyo 35 milioni dolari politikuri saqmianobisTvis, raSic<br />
Sedis politikuri organizatorebisa <strong>da</strong> politikosebis treningi Sromis<br />
sakiTxebSi.<br />
Eerovnuli kavSirebis struqtura <strong>da</strong> funqciebi<br />
SromiTi moZraobis centraluri Zalaufleba <strong>aris</strong> erovnul <strong>da</strong><br />
saerTaSoriso kavSirebSi. Ees organizaciebi aweseben mniSvnelovan<br />
principebs kavSiris wevrebis marTvisTvis, agreTve koleqtiuri<br />
molaparakebebis miznebis CamoyalibebisTvis xelmZRvanelobasTan erTad<br />
erovnuli kavSirebi atareben yrilobebs, rom miiRon <strong>da</strong>dgenilebebi,<br />
119
Seasworon konstituciebi <strong>da</strong> irCeven moxeleebs. erovnuli kavSiris<br />
prezidenti pasuxismgebelia mTlianad kavSirebis marTvaze <strong>da</strong> is did<br />
gavlenas axdens (Tu ar akontrolebs) kavSiris strategiasa <strong>da</strong><br />
mimarTulebaze.<br />
Eerovnuli kavSiri Tavisi konstituciis saSualebiT ayalibebs<br />
normebsa <strong>da</strong> pirobebs, romelTa mixedviTac imarTeba adgilobrivi kavSirebi.<br />
Eerovnuli kavSirebis umetesobas aqvs debulebebi, romlebic awesrigebs<br />
sawevro Senatanebs, gawevrianebis ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebsa <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi<br />
organizaciebis Si<strong>da</strong> administracias. Eerovnulma profkavSirebma SeiZleba<br />
moiTxovon, rom <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebis SromiT xelSekrulebebSi Sediodes<br />
konkretuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtis debulebebi. magaliTad, stan<strong>da</strong>rtuli kontraqtis<br />
pirobebi usafrTxoebis, <strong>da</strong>rRvevis procedurebis, TanamSromelTa <strong>da</strong><br />
xelmZRvanelobis uflebebis Sesaxeb. am kontrolis sanacvlod isini uweven<br />
profesiul <strong>da</strong> finansur <strong>da</strong>xmarebas organizebisa <strong>da</strong> gaficvebis dros <strong>da</strong><br />
exmarebian administraciasa <strong>da</strong> SromiTi SeTanxmebebis molaparakebebSi,<br />
agreTve administraciaSi. Eerovnuli kavSiris mier uzrunvelyofili sxva<br />
momsaxurebebia: (1) kavSiris liderebis treningi, (2) kanonieri <strong>da</strong>xmareba, (3)<br />
politikuri saqmianobis xelmZRvaneloba, (4) saganmanaTleblo <strong>da</strong><br />
socialuri urTierTobebis programebi, (5) kavSiris wevrebis<br />
disciplinireba.<br />
Aadgilobrivi profkavSirebis struqtura <strong>da</strong> funqciebi<br />
A adgilobrivi profkavSirebis moxeleebi Cveulebriv pasuxismgebelni<br />
arian adgilobriv SromiT SeTanxmebebze <strong>da</strong> wevrebis <strong>da</strong>rRvevebis<br />
gamoZiebasa <strong>da</strong> procesze. rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, isini uzrunvelyofen,<br />
rom adgilobrivi kavSiris wevrebs ar moeqcnen TavianTi <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis <strong>da</strong>dgenili politikis sawinaaRmdegod.<br />
adgilobrivi profkavSirebis moxeleebSi Sedis prezidenti,<br />
viceprezidenti, mdivani-xazina<strong>da</strong>ri <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva komitetis Tavmjdomareebi.<br />
kavSiris sididis mixedviT, erT an met mosamsaxures kavSiri uxdis<br />
anazRaurebas sruli ganakveTis safuZvelze. <strong>da</strong>rCenili moxeleebi wevrebia,<br />
romelTac aqvT regularuli samsaxuri <strong>da</strong> emsaxurebian kavSirs<br />
anazRaurebis gareSe, SesaZloa maTTvis simboluri saCuqrebisa <strong>da</strong> xarjebis,<br />
SeRavaTebis gamoyofa. erovnuli kavSiris xelfasiani moxeleebi – egreT<br />
wodebuli amerikis kavSirgabmulobis muSakebis CWA warmomadgenlebi –<br />
<strong>da</strong>exmarebian adgilobriv kavSirs iseTi funqciebis ganxorcielebaSi,<br />
rogoricaa organizeba, SromiTi xelSekrulebebis mogvareba, wevrebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rRvevebis arbitraJi <strong>da</strong> samarTlebrivi sakiTxebi.<br />
Madgilobriv kavSirSi metad mniSvnelovan Tanamdebobas warmoadgens<br />
kavSiris warmomadgeneli. igi kavSiris wevrebis interesebs icavs maT<br />
uSualo ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebTan <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobis sxva wevrebTan<br />
urTierTobaSi. warmomadgenlebs Cveulebriv kavSiris wevrebi irCeven<br />
ganyofilebis farglebSi, isini TanamSromlebs anazRaurebis gareSe<br />
emsaxurebian. radganac warmomadgenlebi srul ganakveTze muSaoben<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si, samuSao saaTebis Semdeg isini xSirad didi dros wevrebis<br />
problemebis ganxilvasa <strong>da</strong> mogvarebas uTmoben. roca warmomadgeneli<br />
monawileobs Sexvedrebze organizaciis samuSao drois periodSi, maSin<br />
<strong>da</strong>karguli samuSao drois anazRaurebas ixdis adgilobrivi profkavSiri.<br />
120
PprofkavSiris warmomadgeneli SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rogorc<br />
“Suamavali a<strong>da</strong>miani”, romelic momwyvdeulia sawinaaRmdego interesebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
jgufebs Soris. Aar SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom warmomadgenlebi yovelTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>icaven wevrebs <strong>da</strong> angariSs ar gauweven menejerul amocanebs.<br />
profkavSiris warmomadgenlebi xSirad win<strong>da</strong>xeduli pirovnebebi arian,<br />
romlebic muSaoben TanamSromlebisa <strong>da</strong> organizaciis mdgomareobis<br />
gaumjobesebisTvis. aseve ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebi <strong>da</strong> menejerebi yvela doneze<br />
amyareben samuSao urTierTobebs warmomadgenelTan <strong>da</strong> kavSiris yvela<br />
moxelesTan. am urTierTobas SeiZleba didi mniSvneloba hqondes kavSirisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobis efeqturi TanamSromlobisaTvis. TanamSromelTa<br />
moralisaTvis.<br />
PprofkavSiris xelmZRvanelobis mimarTulebebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebi<br />
P profkavSiris liderebis rolis zusti SefasebisTvis a<strong>da</strong>mianma un<strong>da</strong><br />
gaiazros maTi warsuli, ambiciebi <strong>da</strong> aRiaros maTi samsaxuris politikuri<br />
arsi. Mmravali erovnuli profkavSiris liderebs SeeZloT SeemuSavebinaT<br />
politikuri saSualebebi, riTac isini <strong>da</strong>amarcxebdnen opozicias <strong>da</strong><br />
samu<strong>da</strong>mod SeinarCunebdnen samsaxurs. ATumca adgilobrivi kavSiris<br />
liderebisTvis muSaobis va<strong>da</strong> naklebad <strong>da</strong>culia. adgilobriv profkavSirSi,<br />
federaluri kanonis Tanaxmad, moxeleebis xelaxali arCeva xdeba sul<br />
mcire yovel sam weliwadSi. Tu isini <strong>da</strong>rCebian samsaxurSi, maT un<strong>da</strong><br />
SeZlon wevrebis umravlesobis <strong>da</strong>rwmuneba, rom isini wevrebs efeqturad<br />
emsaxurebian.<br />
MTumca simarTlea, rom profkavSiris liderebi maRal Tanamdebobebs<br />
TavianT organizaciebSi ikaveben, Cveulebrivi wevrebi xSirad Zalian did<br />
gavlenas am liderebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n ganicdian, kerZod, SromiTi xelSekrulebis<br />
molaparakebebTan <strong>da</strong> marTvasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. menejerebma un<strong>da</strong><br />
gaiTvaliswinon, rom profkavSiris Tanamdebobis pirebi arCevnebis gziT<br />
modian Tanamdebobebze, nebismieri politikuri Tanamdebobis piris msgavsad,<br />
<strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> upasuxon TavianTi amomrCevlebis interesebs. profkavSiris lideri,<br />
romelic kavSiris wevrebis moTxovnebs ugulebelyofs, safrTxis qveS<br />
ayenebs Tavis xelaxal arCevas an mis, rogorc SeTanxmebebis Suamavlis,<br />
mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras. warmatebuli liderobisTvis saWiroa Sromis moxeleebma<br />
didi yuradReba miaqcion saerTo miznebs <strong>da</strong> Sromis mimarTulebebs.<br />
biznesga<strong>erTi</strong>aneba <strong>aris</strong> zogadi safirmo niSani amerikis Sromis<br />
organizaciebis Semdegi miznebisTvis: gazrdili xelfasi, samuSaos <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong><br />
gaumjobesebuli samuSao pirobebi. Uufro metic, kavSiris liderebma ician<br />
agreTve, rom profkavSirebma un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>Wran wevrebis socialuri,<br />
ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> samarTlebrivi sakiTxebi. magaliTad, ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebuli<br />
avtomuSakebi zemoqmedebas axdenen kongresze <strong>da</strong>cviTi kanonmdeblobis<br />
misaRebad, romelic gavlenas axdens avtoindustriaze. Statis, qveynisa <strong>da</strong><br />
municipalitetis TanamSromelTa amerikuli federacia, nemsebis warmoebis<br />
kavSiri, industriuli <strong>da</strong> safeiqro TanamSromlebis <strong>da</strong> saaviacio asociacia<br />
aqtiurad uWerdnen mxars qalTa sakiTxebs saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong> erovnul doneze.<br />
SromiTi urTierTobebi saxelmwifo seqtorSi<br />
K koleqtiuri molaparakebebi federaluri, saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi<br />
mmarTvelobis TanamSromlebs Soris warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis sferos<br />
profkavSiris moZraobisTvis adre, 1960 wlis Semdeg. dRes Svidi milioni<br />
121
saxelmwifo mosamsaxurea ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebuli profkavSirebSi an TanamSromelTa<br />
asociaciebSi. isini Seadgenen mTavrobis moxeleTa <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 40 procents.<br />
profkavSiris wevrTa raodenobis bolo monacemebi aCveneben, rom udidesi<br />
SromiTi organizaciebi warmoadgenen TanamSromlebs saxelmwifo seqtorSi –<br />
erovnuli saganmanaTleblo asociacia (2.7 milioni wevri), maswavlebelTa<br />
amerikuli federacia (900.000 wevri) <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo, qveynis <strong>da</strong><br />
municipalitetis TanamSromlebi (1.3 milioni wevri). radganac<br />
maswavleblebis, policielebis, mexanZreebis <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo moxeleebis<br />
profkavSirebisa <strong>da</strong> asociaciebis masStabebi gaizar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> gazar<strong>da</strong><br />
politikuri Zalauflebac, isini iTxoven imave uflebebs SeTanxmebisTvis <strong>da</strong><br />
imave pirobebs, rac kerZo seqtoris TanamSromlebs aqvT.<br />
Mmiuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong> kerZo seqtoris koleqtiur<br />
molaparakebebs mravali saerTo Tviseba aqvs, mainc bevri faqtori<br />
ganasxvavebs am or seqtors erTmaneTisgan. P pirveli, aq ar <strong>aris</strong> erovnuli<br />
kanonebi, romlebic marTavs saxelmwifo seqtoris SromiT urTierTobebs,<br />
erovnuli SromiTi urTierTobebis aqtis msgavsad kerZo seqtorSi.<br />
saxelmwifo seqtoris koleqtiuri molaparakebebi mimdinareobs TiToeuli<br />
Statis calkeuli iurisdiqciis farglebSi, <strong>da</strong> arsebobs gansxvaveba<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Statis kanonebs Soris. magaliTad, zogierT Stats: arizonas,<br />
utas <strong>da</strong> misisips ara aqvs koleqtiuri molaparakebebis kanonebi; sxva<br />
Statebs: flori<strong>da</strong>s, havais <strong>da</strong> niu iorks sayovelTao kanonebi aqvs,<br />
romlebic aniWeben koleqtiuri molaparakebebis uflebebs yvela saxelmwifo<br />
moxeles. am or ukiduresobas Soris <strong>aris</strong> saxelmwifo kanonebi, romlebic<br />
aniWeben koleqtiuri molaparakebebis uflebebs mxolod TanamSromelTa<br />
specialur jgufebs, rogoricaa maswavleblebi <strong>da</strong> formiani servisebi<br />
(policia <strong>da</strong> saxanZro). Ffederaluri TanamSromlebisTvis koleqtiur<br />
molaparakebebs awesrigebs aRmasrulebeli brZanebebi (aSS-is prezidentis<br />
mier gamocemuli debulebebi) <strong>da</strong> 1978 wlis samoqalaqo servisis reformis<br />
aqti.<br />
Mmeore, saxelmwifo iurisdiqciebi xSirad aweseben xelfass,<br />
TanamSromelTa sargebels <strong>da</strong> organizaciul wesebs, ris mixedviTac<br />
muSaoben maTi TanamSromlebi. sajaro samoqalaqo servisis sistemebi<br />
arsebobs, raTa ganixilon TanamSromelTa saCivrebi an <strong>da</strong>rRvevebi. kanoniT<br />
gansazRvruli xelfasiTa <strong>da</strong> samuSao pirobebiT profkavSirebs ar aZleven<br />
SesaZleblobas moagvaron koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebis yoveldRiuri<br />
sakiTxebi. KprofkavSirebi miiCneven amas, rogorc TavianTi mizezebis<br />
“<strong>da</strong>cvis~ SesaZleblobis <strong>da</strong>kargvas.<br />
D<strong>da</strong> bolos, gaficva saxelmwifo seqtorSi mkacrad akrZalulia.<br />
radganac is momsaxureba, romelsac uzrunvelyofen mTavrobis moxeleebi,<br />
xSirad iTvleba mniSvnelovnad sazogadoebis keTildReobisTvis,<br />
sazogadoebrivi politika aseTi gaficvebis winaaRmdegia. A amrigad,<br />
Statebis umetesobis sakanonmdeblo organoebi TanamSromlebs ar aniWeben<br />
gaficvis uflebas. im StatebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c gaficva <strong>da</strong>saSvebia, ufleba<br />
SezRudulia TanamSromelTa garkveuli jgufebisTvis – Cveulebriv, uformo<br />
(araformiani) TanamSromlebisTvis, romelTa gaficvas SeuZlia safrTxe<br />
Seuqmnas sazogadoebis janmrTelobas, usafrTxoebas an keTildReobas.<br />
saxelmwifo moxeleTa profkavSirebi kamaToben, rom radgan isini uars<br />
amboben gaficvis imave uflebaze, romelzec kerZo seqtoris TanamSromlebi,<br />
maTi Zalaufleba koleqtiuri molaparakebebis dros metad Sesustebulia.<br />
122
profkavSiris moxeleebi xSirad aRweren saxelmwifo moxeleebTan<br />
molaparakebas, rogorc “Sexvdi <strong>da</strong> moiTxove”-s process.<br />
Mmolaparakebebis uflebamosilebaSi samarTlianobis, miukerZoeblobis<br />
uzrunvelsayofad sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva arbitraJis meTodebi gamoiyeneba, riTac xdeba<br />
koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebis gamouvali mdgomareobis mogvareba saxelmwifo<br />
seqtorSi. erT-<strong>erTi</strong>a savaldebulo arbitraJi TanamSromlebisTvis: policiis<br />
TanamSromlebi, mexanZreebi <strong>da</strong> sxvebi, am sferoSi gaficvebi ar SeiZleba<br />
<strong>da</strong>Svebuli iyos. Kkidev erT meTods warmoadgens bolo SeTavazebis<br />
arbitraJi, romlis mixedviTac arbitrma un<strong>da</strong> aarCios mo<strong>da</strong>ve mxareeebis<br />
mier warmodgenili erT-<strong>erTi</strong> saboloo SemoTavazeba. Aam meTodiT arbitri<br />
im mx<strong>aris</strong>ken ixreba, romlis saboloo SeTanxmebis wina<strong>da</strong>deba yvelaze<br />
axlosaa sakiTxis gonivrul mogvarebasTan.<br />
SeTanxmebis, molaparakebebis procesi<br />
xSirad a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romlebic ar arian garkveulni kontraqtis<br />
molaparakebebSi, am process miiCneven emociur konfliqtad mSromel klassa<br />
<strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobas Soris, rac xorcieldeba xangrZlivi sesiebiT, muStis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rtymebiT kvamliT savse oTaxebSi. sinamdvileSi SromiTi xelSekrulebis<br />
molaparakebas didi dro sWirdeba momzadebisTvis, maT Soris _<br />
diplomatiuri manevrireba <strong>da</strong> SeTanxmebis strategiis SemuSaveba. ufro<br />
metic, molaparakeba mxolod koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebis procesis erT<br />
nawils warmoadgens. koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebi aseve gulisxmobs ekonomikuri<br />
zewolis gamoyenebas gaficvebisa <strong>da</strong> boikotis formiT profkavSiris mier.<br />
Llokautebi, sawarmos <strong>da</strong>xurva <strong>da</strong> gaficulebis ga<strong>da</strong>adgileba msgavsi<br />
zemoqmedebaa, romelsac iyenebs <strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli. agreTve erT-erTma an orive<br />
mxarem SeiZleba moiTxovos mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera sazogadoebisgan an<br />
sasamarTloebisgan, rogorc mowinaaRmdege mx<strong>aris</strong> zewolis saSualeba.<br />
molaparakebebisTvis momzadeba<br />
molaparakebebisTvis mzadeba niSnavs monacemebis Segrovebas<br />
SeTanxmebis wina<strong>da</strong>debebisTvis <strong>da</strong> koleqtiuri SeTanxmebis gundis<br />
Camoyalibebas. es saSualebas iZleva koleqtiuri molaparakebebi Catardes<br />
mowesrigebulad, realur <strong>da</strong> pozitiur safuZvelze sasurveli miznis<br />
<strong>misaRwevad</strong>. Mmolaparakebebis dros xSirad adgenen molaparakebebis wignaks,<br />
masSi mocemulia SeniSvnebi, romlebic gansazRvravs, kontarqtis romel<br />
punqtze SeiZleba moTxovnam gavlena moaxdinos. molaparakebebis wignakSi<br />
aseve mocemulia kontarqtis pirobebis zogadi istoria <strong>da</strong> maTi mniSvneloba<br />
xelmZRvanelobisTvis. SromiTi xelSekruleba ar <strong>aris</strong> pirveli, raze<strong>da</strong>c<br />
mxareebi Tanxmdebian, aramed molaparakebebisTvis momzadeba idealur<br />
SemTxvevaSi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>iwyos Zalian male arsebuli xelSekrulebis<br />
xelmoweri<strong>da</strong>n. es praqtika saSualebas aZlevs molaparakebis monawileebs<br />
ganixilon wina molaparakebebis dros <strong>da</strong>Svebuli Secdomebi.<br />
Mmolaparakebebis monacemTa Segroveba<br />
<strong>da</strong>rRvevebTan, disciplinarul qmedebebTan, <strong>da</strong>winaurebasTan, warmoebis<br />
droebiT SeCerebasTan, <strong>da</strong>matebiT samuSao saaTebTan, arbitraJis wina<br />
<strong>da</strong>dgenilebebTan <strong>da</strong> xelfasebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli Si<strong>da</strong> monacemebi exmareba<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebels SeTanxmebis Camoyalibebasa <strong>da</strong> mxar<strong>da</strong>WeraSi. ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebma<br />
<strong>da</strong> menejerebma, romlebic valdebulni arian moagvaron SromiTi SeTanxmeba,<br />
123
SeiZleba metad mniSvnelovani ideebi <strong>da</strong> wina<strong>da</strong>debebi mogvawodon<br />
cvlilebebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, rac saWiroa xelSekrulebis momzadebisTvis.<br />
maTi kontaqti profkavSiris wevrebTan <strong>da</strong> warmomadgenlebTan uzrunvelyofs<br />
cvlilebebis pirvelad informacias, rac molaparakebisas kavSiris<br />
wamomadgenlebma un<strong>da</strong> SemogvTavazon.<br />
Kkontraqtis Sesaxeb molaparakebebis dros profkavSiris<br />
SemTanxmeblebi saubroben “konkurenciuli xelfasis miRebaze”. es termini<br />
exeba msgavsi kontraqtis debulebebis arsebobas – kerZod, xelfasisa <strong>da</strong><br />
sargeblis Sesaxeb – sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kompaniebs Soris, raTa Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aviciloT<br />
sasurveli SromiTi Rirebulebis upiratesoba meoreze. molaparakebebis<br />
modeli saSualebas aZlevs kavSirebs aCvenenon TavianT wevrebs, rom isini<br />
iReben anazRaurebas sxv TanamSromlebis msgavsad, romlebic asruleben<br />
msgavs samuSaos, <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelebi <strong>da</strong>rwmunebulni arian, rom maTi Sromis<br />
Rirebuleba konkurencias uwevs maT konkurentebs. sxva miRweuli SromiTi<br />
SeTanxmebebi, kerZod adgilobriv <strong>da</strong> regionalur doneze, did rols<br />
TamaSobs SromiTi xelSekrulebis pirobebis <strong>da</strong>dgenaSi.<br />
koleqtiuri molaparakebebis procesi<br />
1. momzadeba molaparakebebisTvis<br />
_________________________________<br />
• monacemTa Segroveba;<br />
• SeTanxmebis pirobebis <strong>da</strong>dgena.<br />
2. strategiebis SemuSaveba<br />
________________________________<br />
• xelmZRvanelobis wina<strong>da</strong>debebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saSvebi SezRudvebis ganxilva;<br />
• oponentebis miznebis ganxilva;<br />
• gaficvis gegmis SemuSaveba.<br />
3. molaparakebebis Catareba<br />
___________________________<br />
• gulwrfeli SeTanxmeba;<br />
• wina<strong>da</strong>debebis analizi;<br />
• SeTavazebebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta;<br />
• SeTanxmebebis formatSi <strong>da</strong>rCena.<br />
4. xelSekrulebis gaformeba<br />
____________________________<br />
• kontraqtis enis <strong>da</strong>dgena;<br />
• xelSekrulebis <strong>da</strong>mtkiceba.<br />
gaficvebi – kanonieri moTxovnebi – lokautebi – gaficvis ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebebi –<br />
boikoti<br />
Mmolaparakebebis gundebi<br />
124
Cveulebriv TiToeul mxares eyoleba oTxi an eqvsi warmomadgeneli<br />
molaparakebis magi<strong>da</strong>sTan. xelmZRvanelobis mTavari momlaparakebeli<br />
(mediatori) iqneba viceprezidenti an SromiTi urTierTobebis menejeri;<br />
profkavSiris mTavari momlaparakebeli iqneba adgilobrivi kavSiris<br />
prezidenti an erovnuli kavSiris warmomadgeneli. sxvebi, romlebic<br />
Seadgenen menejmentis gunds, iqnebian warmomadgenlebi sabuRaltro an<br />
finansuri operciebis, <strong>da</strong>saqmebis, samarTlebrivi an satreningo<br />
ganyofilebebis. adgilobrivi kavSiris prezidents mxars <strong>da</strong>uWers mTavari<br />
Suamavali, sxva adgilobrivi kavSiris prezidentebi <strong>da</strong> erovnuli kavSiris<br />
warmomadgenlebi.<br />
SeTanxmebis gundis pirveli Sexvedra gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania,<br />
radganac is ayalibebs garemos, romelSic warimarTeba molaparakebebi.<br />
gulwrfelma <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebam, zogjer mcire iumoris Semotanamac, SeiZleba<br />
ganmuxtos <strong>da</strong>Zabuloba <strong>da</strong> xeli Seuwyos molaparakebebis Tavisuflad<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebas. <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis amgvari struqtura momzad<strong>da</strong> mxareebs Soris<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebis Sesacvlelad, xSirad <strong>erTi</strong> mx<strong>aris</strong> <strong>da</strong>sarwmuneblad, rom<br />
<strong>da</strong>akmayofilos meore mx<strong>aris</strong> moTxovnebi.<br />
SeTanxmebebis strategiisa <strong>da</strong> taqtikis SemuSaveba<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis Suamavlebma un<strong>da</strong> SeimuSaon werilobiTi gegma, romelic<br />
Seicavs maTi SeTanxmebis strategias. gegma un<strong>da</strong> iTvaliswinebdes<br />
wina<strong>da</strong>debebs, romlebsac albaT profkavSiri waradgens, sxva<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebTan <strong>da</strong>debul yvelaze bolo xelSekrulebebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT, <strong>da</strong><br />
un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes moTxovnebs, romlebic <strong>da</strong>ukmayofilebeli <strong>da</strong>rCa wina<br />
molaparakebebis Semdeg. gegma agreTve un<strong>da</strong> iTvaliswinebdes kavSiris<br />
miznebs, agreTve imas, ramdenad apirebs is <strong>da</strong>Tmobebze wasvlas, Tu<br />
mimarTavs gaficvebis qmedebebs am miznebis <strong>misaRwevad</strong>.<br />
M<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis SeTanxmebis strategiam sul mcire un<strong>da</strong> moagvaros es<br />
sakiTxebi:<br />
profkavSiris wina<strong>da</strong>debebi <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobis reaqcia maTze;<br />
xelmZRvanelobis moTxovnebis, <strong>da</strong>Tmobebis SezRudvebis, <strong>da</strong><br />
gansazRvruli kavSiris reaqciebis nusxa;<br />
monacemTa bazis SemuSaveba xelmZRvanelobis SeTanxmebebis<br />
wina<strong>da</strong>debebis mxar<strong>da</strong>saWerad <strong>da</strong> kavSiris moTxovnebis sawinaaRmdegod;<br />
moqmedma gegmam un<strong>da</strong> moaxdinos gavlena YTanamSromlebze.<br />
strategiis garkveuli elementebi saerToa <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblisTvisac <strong>da</strong><br />
profkavSirisTvisac. zoga<strong>da</strong>d TiToeuli mx<strong>aris</strong> mier wamoyenebuli<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>pirveli moTxovnebi ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre isini, romlebic<br />
faqtobrivad SeiZleba miRweul iqnes. es keTdeba <strong>da</strong>Tmobebis<br />
uzrunvelsayofad. ufro metic, TiToeuli mxare yovelTvis gaurbis <strong>da</strong>Tmos<br />
maqsimumi, mas SeuZlia iseT <strong>da</strong>Tmobaze wavides, romelic SeiZleba saWiro<br />
gaxdes SeTanxmebis gamouvali mdgomareobi<strong>da</strong>n gamosasvlelad.<br />
SromiTi xelSekrulebis molaparakebas SeiZleba hqondes pokeris<br />
TamaSis zogi<strong>erTi</strong> Tviseba: TiToeuli mxare cdilobs gansazRvros Tavisi<br />
oponentis pozicia, maSin roca Tavisas ar amJRavnebs. TiToeuli mxare,<br />
bunebrivia, cdilobs Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aicilos Sesabamisi mniSvnelobis gamxela, rac<br />
mohyveba SeTavazebas, ise rom is ar iqneba iZulebuli ga<strong>da</strong>ixados ufro meti<br />
Tanxa, vidre saWiroa SeTavazebis misaRebad. es isevea, rogorc manqanis<br />
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yidvis dros, roca myidveli <strong>da</strong> gamyidveli mraval strategias iyeneben<br />
saukeTeso SesaZlo Sedegis mosapoveblad.<br />
SromiTi xelSekrulebis Sesaxeb molaparakeba<br />
roca molaparakebebi iwyeba, <strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli valdebulia gulwrfelad<br />
moelaparakos kavSiris warmomadgenels samuSao pirobebis Taobaze.<br />
gulwrfeloba moiTxovs, rom <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis Suamavlebi Sexvdnen<br />
profkavSiris kolegebs saWiro adgilas am pirobebis gansaxilvelad. is<br />
agreTve moiTxovs, rom TiToeuli mx<strong>aris</strong> mier warmodgenili wina<strong>da</strong>debebi<br />
iyos realuri. Mmeore mx<strong>aris</strong> SemoTavazebebis ganxilvis dros TiToeuli<br />
mxare valdebulia wamoayenos Sesabamisi sawinaaRmdego wina<strong>da</strong>debebi.<br />
sabolood, orive mxarem un<strong>da</strong> moaweros xeli werilobiT dokuments,<br />
romelic Seicavs molaparakebebis saSualebiT miRweul SeTanxmebas.<br />
SromiTi urTierTobebis erovnuli sabWo (NLRB) gansazRvravs<br />
movaleobas SeaTanxmos yvela sakiTxi xelfasis, samuSao saaTebis an sxva<br />
pirobebis Sesaxeb. am Temebs uwodeben SeTanxmebis savaldebulo sakiTxebs.<br />
orive mxare _ <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelic <strong>da</strong> profkavSiric _ un<strong>da</strong> SeTanxmdes<br />
gulaxdilad am sakiTxebze. Tumca kanoni ar sTxovs arc erT mxares<br />
<strong>da</strong>eTanxmos wina<strong>da</strong>debas an wavides <strong>da</strong>Tmobebze am sakiTxebze molaparakebis<br />
dros. sxva sakiTxebis (egreT wodebuli arCeviTi sakiTxebis) Sesaxeb ki,<br />
romlebic kanonieria, magram ar ukavSirdeba anazRaurebas, samuSao saaTebs,<br />
an sxva pirobebs, mxareebs Tavisuflad SeuZliaT SeTanxmdnen, magram arc<br />
erTma mxarem ar un<strong>da</strong> aiZulos meore <strong>da</strong>iTanxmos am sakiTxebze. arCeviTi<br />
sakiTxebi SeiZleba moicavdes profkavSiris moTxovnas <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>sturos<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobiTi <strong>da</strong>winaurebebi an konsultacia organizaciis produqtis<br />
an servisis fasis <strong>da</strong>dgenis Sesaxeb. SeTanxmebis arakanonieri sakiTxebi<br />
moicavs iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa <strong>da</strong>xuruli sawarmos an savaldebulo<br />
sawevro ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebis <strong>da</strong>qviTvebi. Tu moTxovna gakeT<strong>da</strong> arakanonier<br />
punqtTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, NLRB gamoavlens <strong>da</strong>rRvevas taft-harTlis aqtis (5)<br />
(8) a nawilis mixedviT. sa<strong>da</strong>c Sromis klasis <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobis<br />
Suamavlebs ar SeuZliaT <strong>da</strong>eTanxmon, SeTanxmebis wina<strong>da</strong>deba savaldebulo<br />
sakiTxia Tu arCeviTi, NLRB ga<strong>da</strong>wyvets <strong>da</strong>vas.<br />
Yyoveli SeTanxmebis ga<strong>da</strong>saWreli sakiTxisTvis problema, raze<strong>da</strong>c<br />
SeTanxmeba miRweul iqna, un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblisa <strong>da</strong> kavSiris mier miRebul<br />
farglebSi. xSirad xsenebuli SeTanxmebis modelSi, ros stagneri <strong>da</strong><br />
jalmar rozeni am or struqturas Soris arsebul sferos uwodeben<br />
SeTanxmebis, ganxilvis zonas. zogi<strong>erTi</strong> SeTanxmebis situaciaSi, erT-<strong>erTi</strong><br />
amgvari zona mocemulia 14.3 sqemaze, <strong>erTi</strong> mx<strong>aris</strong> sasurveli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba<br />
SeiZleba gascdes meore mx<strong>aris</strong> sazRvrebs. ase rom, gamosavali SeTanxmebis<br />
zonis gareTaa. Tu is mxare uars ganacxadebs Secvalos Tavisi moTxovnebi,<br />
rom moaqcios isini SeTanxmebis zonaSi, an Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare uars<br />
ganacxadebs gaafarToos Tavisi SezRudva meore mx<strong>aris</strong> moTxovnaTa<br />
Sesarigeblad, moveqceviT SeTanxmebis CixSi. magaliTad, TanamSromlebisTvis<br />
xelfasis gazr<strong>da</strong>ze mimdinareobs SeTanxmeba, <strong>da</strong> Tu profkavSiris yvelaze<br />
<strong>da</strong>bali limiti <strong>aris</strong> 4-procentiani zr<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobis maqsimaluri<br />
limiti ki – 6 procenti, misaRebi sfero – SeTanxmebis zona –<br />
xelmisawvdomia orive mx<strong>aris</strong>Tvis. Tu xelmZRvanelobis maqsimaluri limiti<br />
<strong>aris</strong> mxolod 3 procenti, SeTanxmebis zona ar <strong>aris</strong> xelmisawvdomi arc <strong>erTi</strong><br />
mx<strong>aris</strong>Tvis <strong>da</strong> Seiqmneba gamouvali mdgomareoba. sqema 14.3, romelic<br />
126
eyrdnoba stagnerisa <strong>da</strong> rozenis original models, gviCvenebs, rom roca<br />
molaparakeba mimdinareobs, ramdenime mniSvnelovani cvlileba gavlenas<br />
axdens Suamavlebze <strong>da</strong> maT SesaZleblobaze SeTanxmebas miaRwion<br />
molaparakebis zonis farglebSi.<br />
interesebze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli molaparakeba<br />
administraciasa <strong>da</strong> profkavSirebs Soris aSS-is SromiTi urTierTobebi<br />
konkurentunarianobiT xasiaTdeba. Suamavlebi iwyeben sawinaaRmdego<br />
SeTanxmebebiT. gansazRvruli poziciebiT <strong>da</strong> Seferxebis, <strong>da</strong>rwmunebis,<br />
xelobis an Zalauflebis saSualebiT mxareebi muSaoben calkeuli<br />
SeTanxmebis moTxovnebis mogvarebisaTvis. tradiciuli SeTanxmebiT <strong>da</strong><br />
ormxrivi <strong>da</strong>Tmobis meTodiT, Sedegebi SeiZleba srulad akmayofilebdes<br />
erT an orive mxares. faqtobrivad, roca <strong>erTi</strong> mxare xvdeba, rom mas<br />
“usamarTlod” moeqcnen, mwvave gancdebi SeiZleba sul gahyves SeTanxmebis<br />
moqmedebis ganmavlobaSi. rogorc erT-erTma Sromis Suamavalma aRniSna,<br />
“sawinaaRmdego SeTanxmeba di<strong>da</strong>d ver amyarebs grZelvadian pozitiur<br />
urTierTobas, kavSirs, romelic Ria urTierTobebsa <strong>da</strong> ndobas emyareba.<br />
Tavisi xasiaTis mixedviT is iwvevs eWvsa <strong>da</strong> kompromacias.” am negatiuri<br />
grZnobebis <strong>da</strong>saZlevad profkavSirebisa <strong>da</strong> administraciis praqtikosebma<br />
SeiZleba gamoiyenon arawinaaRmdegobrivi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba molaparakebebis<br />
mimarT.<br />
interesze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli SeTanxmeba eyrdnoba ormxrivi interesebis<br />
gansazRvrasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgenas, <strong>da</strong> ara konkretuli moTxovnebis mogvarebas.<br />
rogorc gansazRvrulia federaluri Suamavlobisa <strong>da</strong> momrigebiTi<br />
samsaxuris mier, interesze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli SeTanxmeba <strong>aris</strong> “problemis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wris procesi, romelic xorcieldeba principuli gziT; es<br />
uzrunvelyofs efeqtur ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebs SeTanxmebiTi urTierTobis<br />
gaumjobesebis periodSi”. SeTanxmebis strategiis mTavari mizania aRmoaCinos<br />
SeTanxmebis ormxrivi interesebi, ormxrivi <strong>miznisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> gamosavalis<br />
gansazRvris surviliT.<br />
interesze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli SeTanxmeba <strong>aris</strong> patara novela SeTanxmebis<br />
procesSi. gansazRvrulia agreTve SeTanxmebis saSualebebi, romlebic<br />
SeiZleba gamoviyenoT warmatebuli <strong>da</strong> warumatebeli molaparakebebis<br />
gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, procesis <strong>da</strong>saCqareblad. wina<strong>da</strong>debebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
sapirispiro wina<strong>da</strong>debebis gamoyenebaze metad, rogorc SeTanxmebis miRwevis<br />
saSualebas, monawileebi iyeneben jgufur ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas, konsensuss,<br />
aqtiur mosmenas, Semowmebis processa <strong>da</strong> matricul Camoyalibebas, raTa<br />
xeli Seuwyon sakiTxebis mogvarebas. interesze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli SeTanxmebis<br />
mizania samomavlod <strong>da</strong>amyaros kavSiri ndobaze, urTierTgagebasa <strong>da</strong><br />
ormxriv pativiscemaze.<br />
xelmZRvaneloba <strong>da</strong> profkavSiris uflebamosileba koleqtiuri<br />
molaparakebebis dros<br />
molaparakebebis dros Tu arc <strong>erTi</strong> mxare ar Tmobs Tavis<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvel pozicias SeTanxmebis miRwevis mizniT,, maSin Suamavlebi<br />
vardebian gamouval mdgomareobaSi. am etapze molaparakebebi metad<br />
<strong>da</strong>iZabeba, roca TiToeuli mxare gamoiyenebs Tavis SeTanxmebis uflebas<br />
miaRwios sasurvel Sedegebs. Mmx<strong>aris</strong> SeTanxmebis ufleba gulisxmobs mis<br />
127
ekonomikur, politikur <strong>da</strong> socialur gavlenas, raTa <strong>da</strong>ikmayofilos Tavisi<br />
moTxovnebi meore mx<strong>aris</strong> xarjze.<br />
SeTanxmebis zona <strong>da</strong> molaparakebebis gavlena<br />
faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen<br />
sazogadoebis azri;<br />
Suamavlebis Tvisebebi;<br />
ekonomikuri gavlena;<br />
SeTanxmebis istoria mxareebs Soris;<br />
kanonebi <strong>da</strong> administraciuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebi;<br />
sxva molaparakebebis Sedegebi;<br />
profkavSiris sasurveli Sedegi;<br />
profkavSiris sasurveli Sedegebis mosalodneli jaWvi;<br />
profkavSiris <strong>da</strong>bali limiti;<br />
administraciis maRali limiti;<br />
administraciis sasurveli Sedegebis mosalodneli jaWvi;<br />
administraciis sasurveli Sedegi.<br />
profkavSirebis SeTanxmebis uflebamosileba<br />
profkavSirebis uflebamosileba SeiZleba gamoiyenon <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis<br />
winaaRmdeg gaficvis, piketirebis an boikotis mowyobiT. gaficvis<br />
saSualebiT TanamSromelTa jgufebi uars amboben muSaobis gagrZelebaze.<br />
profkavSirebi, Cveulebriv, gaficvas ucxadeben xelmZRvanelobas, rom<br />
molaparakebebiT <strong>da</strong>Tmobaze wavidnen, rac gamoricxavs gaficvis saWiroebas.<br />
profkavSirebis wevrebis gaficva ar gulisxmobs, rom maT realurad surT<br />
an moelian gaficvis gagrZelebas, aramed maTi mizania ndobis mopoveba maTi<br />
ufrosebis mdgomareobis gansamtkiceblad molaparakebebis magi<strong>da</strong>sTan.<br />
PprofkavSirisTvis metad mniSvnelovania, Tu ramdenad SeZlebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli muSaobis gagrZelebas ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebiT <strong>da</strong> im TanamSromlebis,<br />
personalis saSualebiT, romlebic <strong>da</strong>qiravebulni iyvnen gaficuli<br />
TanamSromlebis Sesanacvlebad. organizaciebSi, romlebsac maRali donis<br />
teqnologiebi <strong>da</strong> avtomatika gaaCnia <strong>da</strong> hyavs Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mcire<br />
TanamSromlebi, albaT agrZeleben muSaobas ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebTan <strong>da</strong><br />
menejerebTan erTad. maRalavtomatur satelefono kompaniebSi momsaxurebis<br />
umetesi nawili SeiZleba SenarCunebuli iyos ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebis mier gaficvis<br />
dros. erT-erTma xelmZRvanelobam ganacxa<strong>da</strong>: “teqnologiuri cvlilebebis<br />
gamo gaficvebi bevr industriaSi aRar axdens mniSvnelovan gavlenas<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis saqmianobaze.” Aase rom, muSaobis gagrZelebis rac ufro meti<br />
SesaZlebloba aqvs <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels, miT ufro naklebi Sansi aqvs profkavSirs<br />
<strong>da</strong>ikmayofilos moTxovnebi gaficvis saSualebiT.<br />
roca kavSiri gaficvas awyobs, is axdens samsaxuris Sesasvlelis<br />
piketirebas, raTa uTanxmoebis reklamireba moaxdinos <strong>da</strong> sxvebic ar SeuSvas<br />
SenobaSi, radganac profkavSirebi xSirad uars amboben sxva<br />
128
profkavSirebis piketirebis <strong>da</strong>rRvevaze; piketirebam SeiZleba xeli<br />
SeuSalos satvirTo manqanebsa <strong>da</strong> vagonebs saqonlis ga<strong>da</strong>zidvebSi.<br />
magaliTad, satvirTo manqanis mZRolma SeiZleba uari ganacxados, rom<br />
miawodos saqoneli im kompaniebs, romelTa TanamSromlebic gaficulni<br />
arian kvebisa <strong>da</strong> komerciul muSakTa ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebul kavSirTan erTad.<br />
PprofkavSiris kidev erT ekonomikur iaraRs boikoti warmoadgens,<br />
romelic kategoriulad uaryofs <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis mfarvelobas. magaliTad,<br />
xelsawyoebis mwarmoeblis winaaRmdeg gaficulma TanamSromlebma SeiZleba<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>keton gza im sacalo maRaziis win, sa<strong>da</strong>c iyideba gaficulTa ufrosis<br />
mier warmoebuli xelsawyoebi. profkavSirebma aseve SeiZleba gamoiyenon<br />
plakatebi, radio <strong>da</strong> presa gancxadebebisaTvis, raTa xeli SeuSalon<br />
mwarmoeblis produqciis an servisis Sesyidvas.<br />
Aadministraciis molaparakebebis uflebamosileba<br />
roca molaparakeba CixSi eqceva, <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis SeTanxmebis perspeqtiva<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia saqmianobis gagrZelebaze, gaficvisa <strong>da</strong> operaciebis<br />
mTlianad SeCerebis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad.<br />
TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT gaificnon organizaciis winaaRmdeg, Tumca<br />
<strong>da</strong>mqiraveblebs kanonieri ufleba aqvT <strong>da</strong>iqiraon an Caanacvlon rezervis<br />
TanamSromlebi. am uflebiT <strong>da</strong>mqiraveblebi moipoveben SeTanxmebis<br />
saSualebas, rac prof-kavSiris gaficvis uflebas utoldeba. erTma<br />
<strong>da</strong>mkvirvebelma aRniSna: “momuSaveTa Canacvlebis strategia menejers aZlevs<br />
SesaZleblobas SeebrZolos profkavSirs ise, rogorc aTeuli wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi kavSirebi ebrZodnen <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs.” NLRB-s <strong>da</strong>dgenilebebis<br />
Tanaxmad, Casanacvlebeli TanamSromlebi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>iqiraon, xolo gaficul<br />
TanamSromlebs aqvT <strong>erTi</strong> wliT samsaxurSi aRdgenis ufleba <strong>da</strong> Tu isini<br />
gamoTqvamen samsaxurSi <strong>da</strong>brunebis survils, maT es ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba Riad<br />
un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>afiqsiron.<br />
kidev erT, farTod gavrcelebul molaparakebebis strategias<br />
warmoadgens is, rom <strong>da</strong>mqiraveblebma SeiZleba gaagrZelon muSaoba<br />
menejerebisa <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT, raTa <strong>da</strong>akompleqton<br />
gaficulTa samuSao adgilebi. magaliTad, 2000 wels, agvistoSi <strong>da</strong>axloebiT<br />
sami aTasamde menejerma <strong>da</strong>tova samsaxuri, rom emuSavaT operatorebad,<br />
teqnikur specialistebad <strong>da</strong> momxmarebelTa servisis warmomadgenleblad<br />
amerikis kavSirgabmulobisa <strong>da</strong> verizonis TanamSromelTa gaficvis<br />
periodSi. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, teqnologiuri progresis zr<strong>da</strong><br />
saSualebas aZlev<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs gaficvis ganmavlobaSi emuSavaT.<br />
eqstremalur situaciebSi <strong>da</strong>mqiravebels SeuZlia lokauti<br />
gamoucxados Tavis TanamSromlebs. lokauti <strong>aris</strong> strategia, romlis<br />
saSualebiTac <strong>da</strong>mqiravebeli uars eubneba TanamSromlebs muSaobis<br />
SesaZleblobaze samuSao operaciebis <strong>da</strong>xurvis gziT. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, lokauti<br />
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes xelmZRvanelobis mier, rom SeebrZolon<br />
profkavSirebs <strong>da</strong> sakuTrebisadmi zianis miyenebas, an <strong>da</strong>rRvevas<br />
<strong>organizacia</strong>Si SromiT <strong>da</strong>vasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.<br />
<strong>da</strong>mqiraveblebi SeiZleba iZulebulni gaxdnen, rom mimarTon lokauts,<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom regularuli TanamSromlebisTvis muSaobaze u<strong>aris</strong><br />
gamocxadebam SeiZleba ziani miayenos organizaciis imijs <strong>da</strong> problemebi<br />
Seuqmnas <strong>da</strong>mqiraveblebs.<br />
129
molaparakebebis problemebis ga<strong>da</strong>Wra<br />
profkavSirebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi yvela saxis industriaSi _ sportSi,<br />
transportSi, mrewvelobaSi, kavSirgabmulobasaA <strong>da</strong> jan<strong>da</strong>cvaSi _ iyeneben<br />
Suamavlobasa <strong>da</strong> arbitraJs molaparakebebisas gamouvali mdgomareobis<br />
mosagvareblad. rogorc me-13 TavSia ganxiluli, Suamavloba <strong>aris</strong><br />
nebayoflobiTi procesi, romelic <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia komunikaciaze <strong>da</strong><br />
mediatorebis SesaZleblobebze <strong>da</strong>exmaron mxareebs maTi uTanxmoebis<br />
mogvarebaSi. federaluri mTavroba SromiT <strong>da</strong>vebSi erTveba FMCS -is<br />
servisebis saSualebiT.<br />
mediatorisagan gansxvavebiT, arbitri Tavis Tavze iRebs<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis mimRebas <strong>da</strong> gansazRvravs, Tu rogor SeiZleba mogvardes<br />
urTierToba or mxares Soris. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, arbitri saboloo<br />
<strong>da</strong>dgenilebas wers, romelsac mxareebi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>emorCilon. SuamavlobasTan<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, arbitraJi ise xSirad ar gamoiyeneba kerZo seqtoris <strong>da</strong>vebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad. saxelmwifo seqtorSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c gaficva mkacrad akrZalulia,<br />
procentuli arbitraJis gamoyeneba problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris zogad meTods<br />
warmoadgens. zoga<strong>da</strong>d, <strong>erTi</strong> an orive mxare iZulebuli xdeba<br />
uflebamosileba mianiWon mesame mxares moagvaros maT Soris <strong>da</strong>va. amitomac,<br />
mediatori uTanxmoebis mosagvareblad gamoiyeneba <strong>da</strong> is exmareba mxareebs<br />
SeTanxmebis miRwevaSi. Aarbitrs iwveven, raTa ga<strong>da</strong>Wras <strong>da</strong>vebi, romlebic<br />
warmoiSveba xelSekrulebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. amas arbitraJis ufleba<br />
ewodeba.<br />
sabednierod, profkavSirsa <strong>da</strong> administracias Soris molaparakebebis<br />
didi umravlesoba mSvidobianad mTavrdeba. roca molaparakebebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulia, SromiTi SeTanxmeba xdeba formaluri dokumenti, romelSic<br />
aRniSnulia vadebi, pirobebi, <strong>da</strong> wesebi, romelTa Sesrulebazec SeTanxmdnen<br />
TanamSromlebi <strong>da</strong> menejerebi. HRM5 aCvenebs SromiTi SeTanxmebis zogierT<br />
mniSvnelivan punqts <strong>da</strong> aseve warmoadgens axali <strong>da</strong> progresuli kontraqtis<br />
zogierTY magaliTs. nebismieri SromiTi xelSekrulebis ori yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovani punqti menejeris uflebebsa <strong>da</strong> profkavSiris <strong>da</strong>cvis formebs<br />
exeba.<br />
xelmZRvanelobis uflebebi<br />
menejeris uflebebi un<strong>da</strong> Seesabamebodes samuSao pirobebs, ris<br />
meSveobiTac menejments SeuZlia eqskluziuri kontroli moipovos.<br />
gamonaklisis gar<strong>da</strong>, SromiTi xelSekruleba un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes menejeris<br />
uflebebis muxls. es muxli amtkicebs rom, “menejeris uflebamosileba<br />
yvela sakiTxSi mTavaria, Tu TviTon ar <strong>da</strong>Tmobs raime uflebas koleqtiur<br />
SeTanxmebaSi, an im sferoebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c misi uflebamosileba kanoniT<br />
izRudeba.” xelmZRvanelobis uflebebi SeiZleba Seicavdes uflebas<br />
gansazRvros produqtis warmoeba, warmoebis adgilmdebareoba an<br />
momsaxurebis SesaZlebloba, an SearCios warmoebis aRWurviloba <strong>da</strong><br />
procedurebi. qvemoT mocemulia erT-<strong>erTi</strong> muxlis magaliTi, romelic<br />
gansazRvravs menejeris uflebebs SromiT xelSekrulebaSi.<br />
SeTanxmebulia, rom kompania flobs yvela uflebas, privilegiebs <strong>da</strong><br />
uflebamosilebas, romelic win uZRo<strong>da</strong> am SeTanxmebis Sesrulebas <strong>da</strong> am<br />
SeTanxmebaSi araferi ar SeiZleba aRiniSnos iseTi, ramac SeiZleba kompania<br />
SezRudos raime gziT menejmentis regularuli <strong>da</strong> Cveulebrivi funqciis<br />
130
ganxorcielebaSi <strong>da</strong> biznesis muSaobaSi, Tumca is SeiZleba iyos uaryofili<br />
an Secvlili am xelSekrulebis debulebiT.<br />
HRM 5<br />
SromiTi xelSekrulebis punqtebi<br />
tipuri muxlebi<br />
• anazRaureba<br />
• Svebuleba<br />
• <strong>da</strong>svenebis dReebi<br />
• samuSao grafiki<br />
• xelmZRvanelobis uflebebi<br />
• profkavSiris <strong>da</strong>cva<br />
• ga<strong>da</strong>yvanebi<br />
• disciplina<br />
• saCivris ganxilvis meTodebi<br />
• gaficvis ararseboba /lokautis muxlis ararseboba<br />
• <strong>da</strong>matebiTi samuSao saaTebi<br />
• usafrTxoebis meTodebi<br />
• samuSao gamocdileba<br />
• pensiebi <strong>da</strong> SeRavaTebi<br />
• autsorsingi<br />
progresuli muxlebi<br />
• TanamSromlebis ufleba oqmebze xelis miwvdomis Sesaxeb<br />
• SezRudvebi saqmianobis Sefasebis gamoyenebaze<br />
• ufrosTa pativiscema<br />
• fleqsiuri samedicino xarjebi<br />
• teqnologiuri aRWurvilobis <strong>da</strong>cva incidentebisagan<br />
• SezRudvebi eleqtronul monitoringze<br />
• narkologiuri analizis marTvis meTodebi<br />
• orenovani stipendiebi<br />
• Si<strong>da</strong> partniorobis SeRavaTebi<br />
profkavSirebis <strong>da</strong>cvis garantia<br />
rogorc am Tavis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi aRvniSneT, profkavSirebma Tanabrad un<strong>da</strong><br />
warmoadginon molaparakebebis jgufis yvela wevri, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa,<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebulni arian Tu ara isini profkavSirebSi. am valdebulebis<br />
sanacvlod, profkavSirebis xelmZRvanelebma un<strong>da</strong> scadon, rom SeTanxmdnen<br />
savaldebulo wevrobis zogierT formaze. profkavSirebis xelmZRvanelebi<br />
amtkiceben, rom savaldebulo wevroba xels uSlis zogierT momuSaves, rom<br />
miiRos ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebisgan sargebeli ise, rom ar ga<strong>da</strong>ixados Tavisi wili<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>saxadi. profkavSirebis SeTanxmebis stan<strong>da</strong>rtuli debuleba <strong>aris</strong><br />
xelfasi<strong>da</strong>n profkavSiruli sawevros <strong>da</strong>qviTva, romelic akisrebs<br />
131
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebels pasuxismgeblobas, rom ar <strong>da</strong>malos profkavSirebis wevrebis<br />
sawevro Senatani.<br />
SromiT kontraqtSi profkavSirebis <strong>da</strong>cvis sxva saSualebebs<br />
warmoadgens sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formis xelSekrulebebi. es gansxvavebuli x<strong>aris</strong>xis<br />
xelSekrulebebi moiTxovs, rom TanamSromlebi SeuerTdnen profkavSirebs.<br />
magaliTad, profkavSirebis ,,sawarmo“ iTvaliswinebs, rom Tu romelime<br />
momuSave ar <strong>aris</strong> profkavSiris wevri, aucileblad un<strong>da</strong> gawevriandes<br />
oc<strong>da</strong>aTi dRis ganmavlobaSi an <strong>da</strong>iTxoven samsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n. meore mxriv, uwyeba<br />
iTvaliswinebs nebayoflobiT wevrobas, Tumca SeTanxmebis yvela wevrma un<strong>da</strong><br />
ga<strong>da</strong>ixados profkavSirebis sawevro ga<strong>da</strong>saxadi.<br />
koleqtiur molaparakebebSi ramdenime sakiTxi ufro metad sakamaToa,<br />
vidre TviT am xelSekrulebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli molaparakeba.<br />
profkavSirebis <strong>da</strong>cvis yvelaze popularuli punqti, profkavSirTa<br />
“samsaxuri” arakanonieria 22 StatSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c moqmedebs kanonebi Sromis<br />
uflebis Sesaxeb. es kanoni krZalavs profkavSiris wevrobis nebismier<br />
formas. Taft-harTlis aqtis me-14 nawili (b) nebas rTavs calkeul Statebs,<br />
miiRon kanonmdebloba, romelic krZalavs profkavSirebis savaldebulo<br />
wevrobas, rogorc muSaobis pirobas.<br />
SromiTi xelSekrulebis regulireba<br />
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, SromiTi SeTanxmebis molaparakebebi<br />
SromiTi urTierTobebis yvelaze cnobili <strong>da</strong> mniSvnelovani aspeqtia.<br />
gaficvis vadebi, preskonferenciebi <strong>da</strong> momuSaveTa piketireba xels uwyobs<br />
am imijis Seqmnas; profkavSiruli organizaciebis menejerebma ician, rom<br />
SromiTi urTierTobebis warmarTva ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d gamomdinareobs<br />
xelSekrulebis yoveldRiuri Sesrulebi<strong>da</strong>n. radganac xelSekrulebas ar<br />
SeeZlo winaswar ganemarta <strong>da</strong>vebis yvelanairi SesaZlo forma. agreTve,<br />
rogorc ki xelSekrulebas xeli moewereba, TiToeuli mxare ganmartavs<br />
TavisTvis xelsayrel punqtebs. es gansxvavebebi tradiciulad gvardeba<br />
saCivris ganxilvis meTodebiT.<br />
SeTanxmebuli saCivrebis ganxilvis procesi<br />
Ukmayofilebis ga<strong>da</strong>xedvis procesi saSualebas aZlevs profkavSirs<br />
warmoadginos Tavisi wevrebis (<strong>da</strong> ara mxolod wevrebis) interesebi saCivris<br />
ganxilvis procesSi. zogi administracia Tvlis, rom is <strong>aris</strong><br />
molaparakebiTi SeTanxmebis centri (guli) an usafrTxoebis saSualeba,<br />
romelic ganapirobebs fleqsiurobas koleqtiuri SeTanxmebis mTliani<br />
sistemisTvis. saCivris ganxilvis procesis dros orive mx<strong>aris</strong>Tvis<br />
mniSvnelovan sakiTxs warmoadgens Tu ramdenad efeqturad <strong>da</strong>akmayofilebs<br />
sistema profkavSirisa <strong>da</strong> administraciis moTxovnebs. Kkargad<br />
Camoyalibebuli werilobiTi saCivris ganxilvis meTodi saSualebas<br />
mogvcems ukmayofileba ga<strong>da</strong>xedil iqnes swrafad <strong>da</strong> naklebi<br />
biurokratizmiT, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c SesaZlebelia. aseve man un<strong>da</strong> Seuwyos xeli<br />
TanamSromlobas <strong>da</strong> ara konfliqts <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelsa <strong>da</strong> profkavSirs Soris.<br />
saCivris ganxilvis meTodis moqmedeba unikaluria TiToeuli<br />
koleqtiuri SeTanxmebis urTierTobisTvis, Tumca arsebobs saerTo<br />
elementebi sistemebs Soris. magaliTad, saCivris ga<strong>da</strong>xedvis meTodebi<br />
Cveulebriv gansazRvraven, Tu rogor un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>iwyos saCivris ganxilva,<br />
132
procesis Semadgeneli etapebis ricxvsa <strong>da</strong> dros, <strong>da</strong> TiToeuli mx<strong>aris</strong><br />
warmomadgenlebs, romlebic CarTulni arian yoveli etapis <strong>da</strong>kiTxvebSi (ix.<br />
sqema 14.4.). roca saCivari ver gvardeba romelime etapze, SeTanxmebebis<br />
umetesoba un<strong>da</strong> waredginos mesame mxares (Cveulebriv, arbitrs), romlis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebac sabolooa. zogi<strong>erTi</strong> SromiTi SeTanxmeba uzrunvelyofs<br />
Suamavlobas, rogorc TanamSromelTa saCivrebis mogvarebis saSualebas.<br />
Suamavloba iTvleba oficialur etapad ukmayofilebis ganxilvis procesSi.<br />
saCivrebis ganxilvis xuTetapiani procesi<br />
arbitraJi<br />
etapi 5<br />
30 samuSao dRe<br />
industriuli urTierTobebi - adgilobrivi profkavSiris prezidenti<br />
etapi 4<br />
15 samuSao dRe<br />
ganyofilebis menejeri - ufrosi momrigebeli<br />
etapi 3<br />
10 samuSao dRe<br />
uSualo ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveli - profkavSiris momrigebeli<br />
etapi 2<br />
5 samuSao dRe<br />
uSualo ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveli - Seuracxyofili<br />
etapi 1<br />
kontraqtis <strong>da</strong>rRveva<br />
SeTanxmebuli saCivrebis ganxilvis procesis ganxorcieleba<br />
imisaTvis, rom formalurad ganxilul iqnes TanamSromlis saCivari,<br />
is un<strong>da</strong> waredginos zepiri <strong>da</strong>/an werilobiTi formiT TanamSromlis<br />
uSualo ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvels (ix. HRM 2). radganac saCivrebi xSirad<br />
gaurkvevlobisa <strong>da</strong> cudi ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobis Sedegia, mravali maTgani<br />
SeiZleba mogvardes adgilzeve. SesaZlebelia Tu ara saCivris pirvelive<br />
etapze mogvareba, es <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelis SesaZleblobaze <strong>da</strong><br />
survilze ganixilos problema TanamSromelTan <strong>da</strong> momrigebelTan.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis specialistebi aRiareben <strong>da</strong> kvlevebic a<strong>da</strong>stureben,<br />
rom saCivrebis mogvareba ufro warmatebulia, roca ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebi<br />
oficialurad gadian trenings saCivrebis mogvarebaSi. es treningi un<strong>da</strong><br />
uzrunvelyofdes SromiTi SeTanxmebis pirobebis gacnobasa <strong>da</strong> rCeviTi<br />
unarebis ganviTarebas, raTa xeli SevuwyoT problemis mogvarebas. imisaTvis,<br />
rom saCivari warmatebiT mogvardes, administraciisa <strong>da</strong> profkavSiris<br />
warmomadgenlebma <strong>da</strong>matebiT un<strong>da</strong> SeZlon problemis ganxilva<br />
racionalurad <strong>da</strong> obieqturad. saCivari ar un<strong>da</strong> miviCnioT iseT qmedebad,<br />
133
azec SeiZleba gavimarjvoT an raSic SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vmarcxdeT. piriqiT: orive<br />
mxarem un<strong>da</strong> ganixilos mdgomareoba, rogorc a<strong>da</strong>mianuri urTierTobebis<br />
problemis mogvarebis mcdeloba.<br />
zogierT SemTxvevaSi <strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba SeiZleba ver<br />
iqnes miRweuli pirvelive etapze TanamSromelsa <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvels Soris<br />
azrTa kanonieri sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvaobis gamo an imis gamo, rom ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvels ara<br />
aqvs uflebamosileba miiRos raime zomebi ukmayofilo TanamSromlis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sakmayofileblad. piradi konfliqtebi, cru Sexedulebebi, emociebi,<br />
sijiute an sxva faqtorebi SeiZleba aseve iyos barieri am etapze<br />
<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeli Sedegis miRwevisaTvis.<br />
saCivrebis arbitraJi<br />
arbitraJis funqcias warmoadgens uzrunvelyos saCivris ganxilvis<br />
Sedegad gamosavlis moZebna, rac profkavSirma <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelma ver SeZles.<br />
rogorc adre aRvniSneT, arbitraJs axorcielebs neitraluri mesame mxare<br />
(arbitri an miukerZoebeli samediatoro sasamarTlo). Aam mesame mx<strong>aris</strong><br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba karnaxobs, Tu rogor un<strong>da</strong> mogvardes es ukmayofileba.<br />
orive mxare valdebulia <strong>da</strong>emorCilos am ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas.<br />
samediatoro sasamarTloTi problemis ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta<br />
imis ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad, gamoiyenon Tu ara arbitraJi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebis<br />
dros, TiToeulma mxarem un<strong>da</strong> Seafasos xarjebi, amasTan gaiTvaliswinos<br />
saqmis mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong> sasurveli Sedegis miRebis perspeqtiva. is un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
logikuri, arc erTma mxarem ar un<strong>da</strong> warudginos arbitraJs umniSvnelo<br />
saqme, Tu sasurveli Sedegis miRebis mcire SesaZlebloba arsebobs. Tumca<br />
logika yovelTvis ar <strong>aris</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti. magaliTad, profkavSiri xSirad<br />
warudgens xolme umniSvnelo saqmes arbitraJs, raTa aCvenos wevrebs, rom<br />
kavSirs surs yvela Rone ixmaros maTi interesebis <strong>da</strong>sacavad. profkavSiris<br />
moxeleebi aseve ar eridebian arbitraJSi Seitanon im wevrebis saCivrebi,<br />
romlebic arian cnobili pirebi an aqvT politikuri Zalaufleba kavSirSi,<br />
maSinac ki, roca maTi saqme ar <strong>aris</strong> metad seriozuli. ufro metic,<br />
samarTliani warmomadgenlobis moZRvrebis Tanaxmad, kavSirebs aqvT<br />
kanonieri movaleoba <strong>da</strong>xmareba gauwion wevrebs, romlebsac saCivrebi SeaqvT.<br />
radganac wevrebs SeuZliaT saCivris Setana TavianTi kavSirebis winaaRmdeg,<br />
rom maTi saCivrebi adekvaturad ar ganixileba, profkavSiris mravali<br />
moxele iZulebulia uari Tqvas araseriozuli saCivrebis arbitraJSi<br />
Setanaze.<br />
Mmeore mxriv, xelmZRvanelobam SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>uSvas susti saqmis Setana<br />
arbitraJSi, raTa anaxos profkavSiris TanamSromlebs, rom administracia<br />
“ar SeiZleba SeSinebuli iyos”. Mmenejerebma Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT <strong>da</strong>bal doneze<br />
SeiZleba g<strong>aris</strong>kon ufrosi xelmZRvanelobis usiamovneba imis gancxadebiT,<br />
rom konkretuli a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis politikam ar gaamarTla an ar <strong>aris</strong><br />
saTanado. sijiutem <strong>da</strong> ormxrivma antagonizmma SeiZleba aseve gamoiwvios<br />
mravali saCivris Setana arbitraJSi, radganac arc erT mxares ar surs<br />
<strong>da</strong>Tmobebze wasvla SeTanxmebis <strong>misaRwevad</strong>, maSinac ki, roca is aRiarebs,<br />
rom is ar <strong>aris</strong> marTali.<br />
HRM 6<br />
134
saCivris forma<br />
saCivris oqmi<br />
transporti, adgilobrivi ga<strong>da</strong>zidva <strong>da</strong> gayidva, sawyobebis mcvelebi <strong>da</strong><br />
maSvelebi, samTo mrewvelobis <strong>da</strong> kinos produqcia, arizonas Stati,<br />
adgilobrivi kavSiri # 104<br />
wevris saxeli--------------------------------------------------------------- TariRi ----------------------<br />
wevris misamarTi-------------------------------------- saxlis telefonis nomeri------------<br />
qalaqi -------------------------------------- Stati------------------------- safosto kodi------------<br />
kompaniis <strong>da</strong>saxeleba, vis winaaRmdegac SegaqvT saCivari------------------------------<br />
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detalurad axseniT saCivari-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
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Tu saCivari exeba ganTavisuflebas, miuTiTeT kompaniis mizezi------------------------<br />
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es Seicavs srul uflebamosilebas, rom transportisa <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>zidvis driverebi lokal 104 an maT mier <strong>da</strong>niSnuli nebismieri<br />
TanamSromeli an Suamavali, rogorc rwmunebuli, <strong>aris</strong> Cemi warmomadgeneli<br />
am saCivris procesSi <strong>da</strong> vaniWeb uflebamosilebas imoqmedos Tavisi<br />
survilisamebr, rogorc miiCnevs CemTvis saWirod <strong>da</strong> miiRos Tanxa Cemi<br />
saxeliT.<br />
Ees saCivari SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes saCivris ganxilvis meTodiT,<br />
(a) me viTxov Setyobinebas <strong>da</strong>kiTxvis drois, TariRisa <strong>da</strong><br />
adgilis Sesaxeb;<br />
(b) me ar viTxov Setyobinebas <strong>da</strong>kiTxvis drois, TariRisa <strong>da</strong><br />
adgilis Sesaxeb.<br />
me veTanxmebi, rom Tu <strong>da</strong>veswrebi <strong>da</strong>kiTxvas Cemi saxeliT, me gavakeTeb amas<br />
Cemi xarjebiT <strong>da</strong> profkavSiri ar iqneba valdebuli amaze.<br />
wevris xelmowera-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
kavSiris moqmedebis oqmi-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
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saqme moagvara:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
Suamavali<br />
arbitraJis <strong>da</strong>kiTxva<br />
Cveni gamocdilebis Tanaxmad, TanamSromlebi, romlebmac ar ician<br />
arbitraJis Sesaxeb, xSirad procesi eCvenebaT gaurkveveli <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>Zabuli.<br />
135
arbitraJis <strong>da</strong>kiTxvebi hgavs sasamarTlos <strong>da</strong>kiTxvas, mxolod sasamarTlo<br />
procesis mravali formalobis gareSe. procesi iwyeba mowmeTa ficis<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiT <strong>da</strong> wardgenili SeTanxmebis gacnobiT. wardgenili SeTanxmeba<br />
warmoadgens mosagvarebeli problemis gancxadebas. amgvari gancxadeba<br />
SeiZleba ase JRerdes: ”aleqs heideis samdRiani droebiTi <strong>da</strong>Txovna iyo<br />
safuZvliani Tu ara, ra <strong>aris</strong> Sesabamisi gamosavali?” Semdeg mxareebi<br />
gaakeTeben Ria gancxadebebs, rasac faqtebisa <strong>da</strong> mtkicebulebis wardgena<br />
mohyveba <strong>da</strong> mowmeTa zepiri Cvenebebi. <strong>da</strong>kiTxva moicavs ToToeuli mx<strong>aris</strong><br />
mokle gancxadebebs, rac warmoadgens argumentebs maTi poziciis<br />
mxar<strong>da</strong>saWerad.<br />
<strong>da</strong>vis ganxilvis procesSi, arbitri valdebulia uzrunvelyos<br />
samarTliani <strong>da</strong>kiTxva TiToeuli mx<strong>aris</strong>Tvis. <strong>da</strong>kiTxvis dros SesaZlebelia<br />
yvelanairi faqtebis Cveneba, rac saqmisTvisaa misaRebi. <strong>da</strong>kiTxvis mTavari<br />
mizania <strong>da</strong>exmaros arbitrs saWiro faqtebis mopovebaSi a<strong>da</strong>mianuri<br />
urTierTobebis problemis mosagvareblad. arbitrs aqvs ufleba <strong>da</strong>kiTxos<br />
mowme an moiTxovos <strong>da</strong>matebiTi faqtebi romelime mx<strong>aris</strong>gan. <strong>da</strong>kiTxvis<br />
Catarebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvnebis gamotanis Semdeg (SeiZleba mxareebma airCion maTi<br />
wardgena), arbitrs Cveulebriv aqvs oc<strong>da</strong>aTi dRe, raTa ganixilos<br />
mtkicebuleba <strong>da</strong> gamoitanos ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba. SromiTi kontraqtebis<br />
umravlesobaSi arbitraJis xarjebs mxareebi Tanabrad inawileben.<br />
arbitraJis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba<br />
arbitraJis ganaCeni moicavs ara mxolod arbitris ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas,<br />
aramed agreTve uzrunvelyofs mis gonivrul axsna-ganmartebas <strong>da</strong> ZiriTad<br />
mizezs. ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRma msjeloba <strong>da</strong>exmareba arbitrs<br />
xelmZRvanelobaSi SromiTi SeTanxmebis interpretaciasTan <strong>da</strong><br />
administraciis mxri<strong>da</strong>n warmoSobili momavali <strong>da</strong>vebis mogvarebasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. TiToeuli mx<strong>aris</strong> poziciebis <strong>da</strong>fiqsirebis dros msjeloba<br />
amcirebs imedgacruebas <strong>da</strong> icavs im pirovnebaTa TviT-pativiscemas,<br />
romlebic warmoadgenen warumatebel mxares.<br />
Mmravali sarCelis SemTxvevaSi, romlebic exeba TanamSromelTa<br />
saqmianobas an samsaxurSi qcevas, arbitrma un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvros, uWers Tu ara<br />
mtkicebuleba mxars <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels <strong>da</strong>zaralebulis winaaRmdeg. mtkicebulebam<br />
un<strong>da</strong> aCvenos, misces Tu ara TanamSromels Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi<br />
procesis ufleba, romelic warmoadgens TanamSromlis kanonier uflebas<br />
acnobon ara<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeli saqmianobis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> miscen SesaZlebloba<br />
upasuxos am braldebebs. SromiTi SeTanxmebebis umravlesobis Tanaxmad,<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebels un<strong>da</strong> hqondes gatarebuli RonisZiebis safuZvliani mizezi <strong>da</strong><br />
es qmedeba un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturdes warmodgeneli mtkicebulebiT. roca<br />
xelmZRvaneloba ver uWers mxars mZime mtkicebulebas (an xelmZRvanelobis<br />
qmedebebi CaiTvleba usamarTlod), maSin arbitris kompetenciaSi Sedis<br />
sasjelis Semsubuqeba. magaliTad, arbits SeuZlia ganTavisfleba Secvalos<br />
droebiTi <strong>da</strong>TxovniT anazRaurebis gareSe gansazRvruli periodis<br />
ganmavlobaSi.<br />
arbitraJis mniSvnelobis gamo, profkavSirisa <strong>da</strong> araprofkavSirul<br />
organizaciebSi procesi, ris safuZvelzec arbitrebs gamoaqvT<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba, agreTve faqtebi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen am<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebze, menejerebisTvis mudmiv interess warmoadgens.<br />
136
Cveulebriv arbitrebi iyeneben oTx faqtors saqmeebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis<br />
miRebis dros:<br />
1. SromiTi SeTanxmebis formulireba (an samuSao politika<br />
araprofkavSirul organizaciebSi);<br />
2. SeTanxmebis wardgena arbitrisTvis;<br />
3. <strong>da</strong>kiTxvis dros SemoTavazebuli mtkicebuleba <strong>da</strong> Cveneba;<br />
4. arbitraJis kriteriumebi <strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi (saerTo kanonis msgavsi<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi), ris winaaRmdegac ganixileba saqmeebi.<br />
xangrZlivi gacdenebis gamo ganTavisuflebuli TanamSromlis saqmis<br />
ganxilvisas, magaliTad, arbitri ganixilavs am faqtorebs calke <strong>da</strong>/an<br />
mTlianad. arbitrebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d SezRudulni arian miiRon ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba<br />
SromiTi SeTanxmebis formulirebis safuZvelze, an samuSao politikis, <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>kiTxvaze warmodgenili faqtebis, Cvenebebisa <strong>da</strong> mtkicebulebis<br />
safuZvelze.<br />
Ppraqtikulad, arbitraJis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miReba ar <strong>aris</strong> zusti<br />
mecniereba. sinamdvileSi arbitrebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebi SeiZleba ufro metad<br />
subieqturi iyos. arbitrebi ganmartaven kontraqtis enas sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvanairad<br />
(magaliTad, ras niSnavs “safuZvliani ganTavisufleba”), isini adgenen<br />
mniSvnelobis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva x<strong>aris</strong>xebs mtkicebulebisTvis, isini sxvanairad<br />
ganixilaven mowmeTa samarTlianobas, <strong>da</strong> aZleven arbitraJis stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs<br />
ufro met an nakleb mniSvnelobas, roca mimarTaven faqtebs. TiToeuli es<br />
gavlena emsaxureba subieqturobis <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebas ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebis<br />
procesSi.<br />
SromiTi organizaciebis Tanamedrove problemebi<br />
SromiTi urTierTobebis ganxilvas <strong>da</strong>vasrulebT profkavSirebis winaSe<br />
wamoyenebuli sami mniSvnelovani sakiTxis gaSuqebiT: ucxouri konkurencia<br />
<strong>da</strong> teqnologiuri winsvlebi, profkavSirebis wevrebis Semcireba, <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebelTa koncentracia araprofkavSiruli statusis SenarCuneba.<br />
ucxouri konkurencia <strong>da</strong> teqnologiuri cvlileba<br />
foladis, samomxmareblo eleqtronikis, avtomobilebis, tansacmlis,<br />
safeiqro nawarmisa <strong>da</strong> fexsacmelebis importireba sazRvargareTis<br />
qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n iwvevs samuSao adgilebis <strong>da</strong>kargvas SeerTebul StatebSi im<br />
muSakebisTvis, romlebic am produqtebs awarmoeben. ufro metic, amerikuli<br />
korporaciebis ucxouri filialebi, rogoricaa naiki, vesTinghauzi <strong>da</strong><br />
qseroqsi, <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>naSaules profkavSirebma amerikeli muSakebisTvis<br />
samuSaoebis warTmevaSi. amis Sedegad profkavSirebi moiTxoven ufro met<br />
samTavrobo <strong>da</strong>cvas importis winaaRmdeg. aseTma <strong>da</strong>cvam waaqeza kongresis<br />
debatebi <strong>erTi</strong> mxriv, imaT Soris, vinc amtkicebs, rom <strong>da</strong>cviTi savaWro<br />
barierebi qmnian ufro maRal fasebs amerikeli momxmareblebisTvis <strong>da</strong>,<br />
meore mxriv, imaT Soris, vinc cdilobs <strong>da</strong>icvas amerikis samsaxurebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>balfasiani ucxouri mwarmoeblebisgan. aSS-is kavSirebi zoga<strong>da</strong>d<br />
winaaRmdegni arian savaWro SeTanxmebisa, romelic <strong>da</strong>exmareba<br />
<strong>da</strong>balxelfasian <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs sxva qveynebSi.<br />
ucxouri konkurenciis muqara problemas warmoadgens SromiTi<br />
procesisaTvis, rac swrafma teqnologiurma winsvlebma gamoiwvia.<br />
kompiuteruli teqnikis ganviTarebam <strong>da</strong> maRalavtomaturma samuSao<br />
137
sistemebma Seamcira garkveuli Tanamdebobebis TanamSromlebze moTxovna.<br />
wevrebis Semcireba avto, foladis, rezinis warmiebisa <strong>da</strong> transportirebis<br />
prof-kavSirebSi am faqtze miuTiTebs. teqnologiurma winsvlebma agreTve<br />
Seamcira gaficvebis efeqturoba, radganac maRalavtomatizebul<br />
organizaciebs, samuSaos Seferxebis dros, SeuZliaT saqmianobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeli donis SenarCuneba minimaluri kadrebiT.<br />
profkavSiris wevrebis Semcireba<br />
mTavari problema, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba organizebul profkavSirs,<br />
<strong>aris</strong> kavSirebis wevrebis Semcireba. Pproblemis mniSvnelobas asaxavs<br />
statistika, romelic gviCvenebs, rogor Semcir<strong>da</strong> kavSiris wevrTa raodenoba<br />
<strong>da</strong> rogor <strong>da</strong>eca mTliani samoqalaqo samuSao Zalis procentuloba. 1970<br />
wels profkavSiris wevrTa raodenoba Seadgen<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 21 milions,<br />
rac iyo samoqalaqo samuSao Zalis 25 procenti. 1990 wels es cifrebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>eca 16.7 milion wevramde, rac iyo samoqalaqo samuSao Zalis 16 procentze<br />
odnav meti. 2001 wels wevrTa raodenoba Seadgen<strong>da</strong> 16.3 milions _<br />
samoqalaqo samuSao Zalis 13.5 procents. kerZo seqtorSi kavSiris wevrTa<br />
raodenoba Seadgen<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>axloebiT yvela <strong>da</strong>saqmebulis 10 procents, an<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 9 milion muSaks. profkavSiris samsaxurebis <strong>da</strong>kargva<br />
nawilobriv asaxavs aSS-is warmoebis samsaxurebs, radgan kavSirebi wevrebs<br />
ver iReben TeTrsayeloianebisgan, sa<strong>da</strong>c samuSao Zala ufro swrafad<br />
izrdeba.<br />
ras akeTeben SromiTi organizaciebi wevrTa Semcirebis SesaCereblad?<br />
erT-<strong>erTi</strong> profkavSiris moxelis TqmiT, am kiTxvis pasuxia “energiuli<br />
organizeba”. pirvel rigSi profkavSirebi gamiznulia muSakebze, romlebic<br />
maT didi xania aRar axsovT. esenia <strong>da</strong>balxelfasiani muSakebi aSS-is<br />
ekonomikis bolo doneze, magaliTad, mcvelebi, mosamsaxureebi, <strong>da</strong> momsaxure<br />
muSakebi; kvebis momsaxurebis TanamSromlebi <strong>da</strong> klarkebi. Uufro metic:<br />
profkavSirebi miiCneven imigrantebs _ momuSave mosaxleobis yvelaze<br />
swrafad mzard nawils _ kavSiris zrdis Zlevamosil perspeqtivad.<br />
Hhaitianis mZRolebi <strong>da</strong> azia-amerikis momsaxurebis muSakebi gamiznulni<br />
arian prof-kavSiris warmomadgenlobisTvis. jon svinma, AFL-CIO-is<br />
prezidentma, fraza “amerikas sWirdeba aRorZineba” miiRo, rogorc AFL-CIOis<br />
devizi weliwadSi 20-milioniani organizebisTvis.<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiT profkavSirebi aZliereben TavianT Zalisxmevas marTon<br />
TeTrsayeloiani muSakebi. Bbolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebma<br />
individualuri gaxades TeTrsayeloianebis jgufebis muSaoba <strong>da</strong> gamoyves<br />
isini xelmZRvanelobisgan. saCivrebis mogvarebaSi siZneleebma, agreTve<br />
samuSaos usafrTxoebis simcirem warmoebis SeCerebis dros ubiZga<br />
TeTrsayeloianebs ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebisken. kavSirebi aseve kapitalizacias axdens<br />
jan<strong>da</strong>cvis <strong>da</strong> usafrTxoebis axal sakiTxebze TeTrsayeloianebis<br />
samsaxurebSi, rogoricaa muSaobis Sedegebi videoekranebis terminalebze an<br />
muSaoba potenciurad saSiS nivTierebebTan. TeTrsayeloiani TanamSromlebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>kompleqtebaSi aqtiurad monawileoben Semdegi kavSirebi: momsaxurebis<br />
TanamSromlebis saerTaSoriso kavSirebi; mZRolebis saerTaSoriso<br />
amxanagoba; 9-<strong>da</strong>n 5-mde qalTa erovnuli asociacia; profesional<br />
TanamSromelTa saerTaSoriso asociacia; muSakTa <strong>da</strong>zRvevis saerTaSoriso<br />
kavSiri; ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebuli avtomuSakebi <strong>da</strong> amerikis ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebuli<br />
mefoladeebi.<br />
138
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis fokusireba araprofkavSiruli statusis SenarCunebaze<br />
K kirk a<strong>da</strong>msma, AFL-CIO-is organizebis direqtorma, aRniSna, rom<br />
“<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis SezRudva organizebis sakiTxebSi Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan izrdeba”. <strong>da</strong><br />
marTlac, mniSvnelovani faqti aSS-is SromiT urTierTobebSi 1990-ian<br />
wlebSi <strong>da</strong> oc<strong>da</strong>meerTe saukuneSi <strong>aris</strong> profkavSiris gauqmebis programebis<br />
gavlena. Yyvela saxis organizaciebSi menejerebi gamoxataven survils<br />
SeinarCunon profkavSirisgan Tavisufali garemo. am miznis <strong>misaRwevad</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi uzrunvelyofen xelfass <strong>da</strong> servisebs, raTa<br />
TanamSromlebisTvis ga<strong>erTi</strong>aneba araefeqturi gaxadon. SemoTavazebulia<br />
agreTve monawileobiTi administraciis stili, mogebis ganawilebis<br />
programebi <strong>da</strong> alternatiuli <strong>da</strong>vebis mogvarebis meTodebi (ix. Tavi 13), raTa<br />
SeewinaaRmdegon didi xnis Camoyalibebuli profkavSiris miznebs<br />
gaumjobesebuli anazRaurebisa <strong>da</strong> samuSao pirobebis <strong>misaRwevad</strong>. HRM7-Si<br />
mocemulia a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis specialistebis mier gansazRvruli<br />
ZiriTadi strategiebi, rogorc ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis saSualeba.<br />
mniSvnelovania vaRiaroT, rom es strategiebi, rogorc TanamSromelTa<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebis mTavari mizezi, pasuxoben am Tavis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi ganxilul<br />
pirobebs. radgan am pirobebs uSualod administracia aregulirebs, isini<br />
ise SeiZleba Secvalon, rom xeli SeuSalon ga<strong>erTi</strong>anebas an saerTod<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aicilon is.<br />
HRM 7<br />
strategiebi imisTvis, rom <strong>da</strong>vrCeT profkavSirisgan Tavisufali<br />
• SesTavazeT konkurentunariani anazRaureba <strong>da</strong> SeRavaTebi Sromis<br />
bazris Se<strong>da</strong>rebebsa <strong>da</strong> xelfasebis gamokvlevebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT;<br />
• ga<strong>da</strong>amzadeT ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebi progresuli a<strong>da</strong>mianuri urTierTobebis<br />
unarebSi; sxva unarebTan erTad un<strong>da</strong> ganixilebodes TanamSromlis<br />
motivacia, samsaxuris dizaini <strong>da</strong> Sromis kanoni;<br />
• SeimuSaveT oficialuri meTodebi TanamSromelTa saCivrebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
ukmayofilebis mosagvareblad; es SeiZleba gulisxmobdes ganxilvis<br />
komitetebs, saCivrebis etapobrivi ganxilvis sistemebs an “Ria k<strong>aris</strong>”<br />
politikas;<br />
• CarTeT TanamSromlebi samsaxurebrivi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis miRebaSi,<br />
romlebic gavlenas axdenen saqmianobaze, produqtis an servisis<br />
x<strong>aris</strong>xsa <strong>da</strong> raodenobaze,<br />
• yuradReba miaqcieT TanamSromelTa zr<strong>da</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis saWiroebas;<br />
<strong>da</strong>akvirdiT, rom samuSao Zala izrdebodes ufro asakovani<br />
TanamSromlebiT, ufro metad _ qalbatonebiT, ganaTlebulebiT,<br />
momTmenebiT <strong>da</strong> naklebad momTxovnebiT;<br />
• SeimuSaveT a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis politika, romelic asaxavs<br />
samarTlebrivi usafrTxoebis zomebs, rogoricaa disciplina,<br />
<strong>da</strong>winaureba, treningi <strong>da</strong> ganTavisufleba.<br />
M<br />
mokle mimoxilva<br />
1. 1926 wlis rkinigzis SromiTi aqti uzrunvelyofs koleqtiuri<br />
molaparakebebis uflebebs TanamSromlebisTvis, romlebic muSaoben<br />
139
kinigzasa <strong>da</strong> aviaxazebis industriaSi. oris-la guardias aqti (1932)<br />
warmoadgens SezRudvebs sasamarTlo akrZalvebis Sesaxeb profkavSirisa <strong>da</strong><br />
administraciis <strong>da</strong>vebSi. kerZo TanamSromlebis umetesobas eniWeba<br />
warmomadgenlobiTi uflebebi vagneris aqtis (1935) saSualebiT, romelic<br />
<strong>da</strong>exmara profkavSiris organizebisa <strong>da</strong> molaparakebebis RonisZiebebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvasa <strong>da</strong> xelis Sewyobas. Taft-harTlis aqtis nawyveti (1947) <strong>da</strong> landrumgrifinis<br />
aqti (1959) gamiznulia, raTa Camoyalibdes konkretuli kontroli<br />
kavSirebis Si<strong>da</strong> saqmianobasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebTan urTierTobaze.<br />
2. Ggamokvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom muSakebi <strong>erTi</strong>andebian sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
ekonomikuri, fsiqologiuri <strong>da</strong> socialuri mizezebis gamo. zogierT<br />
TanamSromels SeuZlia SeuerTdes kavSirebs, radgan maT amis gakeTebas<br />
sTxoven, Tumca umetesoba ukve ekuTvnis profkavSirebs, radganac isini<br />
<strong>da</strong>rwmunebulni arian, rom profkavSirebi maT <strong>da</strong>exmareba xelfasebis<br />
gazr<strong>da</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> sxva samuSao pirobebis gaumjobesebaSi. TanamSromelTa<br />
ga<strong>erTi</strong>aneba umetesad gamowveulia menejeruli praqtikebiTa <strong>da</strong> meTodebiT<br />
ukmayofilebis gamo.<br />
3. FprofkavSiris formaluri organizebis kampania gamoiyeneba<br />
TanamSromelTa mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris mosapoveblad kavSirisTvis. radgan<br />
TanamSromlebi gamoxateven survils ga<strong>erTi</strong>andnen uflebamosilebis<br />
baraTebze xelis moweriT, profkavSiri mimarTvas NLRB-s faruli<br />
kenWisyriT arCevnebisTvis. Tu amomrCevelTa 51 procenti mxars <strong>da</strong>uWers<br />
kavSirs, NLRB <strong>da</strong>amtkicebs profkavSirs, rogorc yvela TanamSromlis<br />
momrigebel warmomadgenels molaparakebebis ganyofilebaSi.<br />
4. SromiTi xelSekrulebis Sesaxeb molaparakebebi detaluri ganxilvis<br />
process warmoadgens. TiToeuli mxare wina<strong>da</strong>debebis nusxas amzadebs;<br />
mxareebs surT miaRwion TavianT mizans <strong>da</strong> aseve <strong>da</strong>matebiT cdiloben<br />
gansazRvron meore mx<strong>aris</strong> sasurveli SemoTavazebebi. molaparakebebis<br />
gundebma un<strong>da</strong> SearCion <strong>da</strong> ganixilon yvela SemoTavazeba, raTa gansazRvron<br />
maTi mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong> gavlena <strong>organizacia</strong>ze. Oorive mxare – <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelic<br />
<strong>da</strong> profkavSiris Suamavlebic _ zustad iyenebs molaparakebebis modelebs<br />
industriis, zoga<strong>da</strong>d cxovrebis donis tendenciebis, geografiuli<br />
anazRaurebis gansxvavebebSi. Mmenejerebi miznad isaxaven, rom SeinarCunon<br />
kontroli operaciebze <strong>da</strong> minimumamde <strong>da</strong>iyvanon xarjebi. profkavSiris<br />
Suamavlebi TavianT moTxovnebs ayeneben gaumjobesebuli pirobebis,<br />
xelfasebisa <strong>da</strong> samuSao saaTebis Taobaze. SeTanxmeba miiRweva, roca orive<br />
mxare SeTanxmdeba Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvel poziciebsa <strong>da</strong> saboloo pirobebze mxareTa<br />
molaparakebebis zonis SezRudvebis farglebSi.<br />
tradiciulad koleqtiuri molaparakebebi profkavSirsa <strong>da</strong><br />
administacias Soris urTierTsawinaaRmdegoa. amJamad gaizar<strong>da</strong> interesi<br />
molaparakebebze, romlebic <strong>da</strong>fuZnebulia ormxriv Sedegebze <strong>da</strong> mxareTa<br />
Soris gaRrmavebul pativiscemaze. rasac FMCS uwodebs interesze<br />
<strong>da</strong>fuZnebul molaparakebebs <strong>aris</strong> arawinaaRmdegobrivi molaparakebebis erT<strong>erTi</strong><br />
forma.<br />
5. koleqtiuri molaparakebis procesi gulisxmobs ara marto realur<br />
molaparakebas, aramed agreTve Zalauflebis taqtikas, romelic gamoiyeneba<br />
mosagvarebeli moTxovnebis mxar<strong>da</strong>saWerad. roca molaparakeba CixSi Sedis,<br />
igi ga<strong>da</strong>iqceva uflebamosilebis brZolad, romlis drosac romelime mxare<br />
Zal<strong>da</strong>tanebiT cdilobs <strong>da</strong>Tmobebis miRwevas, rac gamoiyvans maT gamouvali<br />
mdgomareobi<strong>da</strong>n. PprofkavSiris Zalaufleba koleqtiur SeTanxmebebSi<br />
140
gamomdinareobs misi SesaZleblobi<strong>da</strong>n gamoucxados gaficva, boikoti an<br />
piketireba <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels. xelmZRvanelobis uflebamosileba molaparakebebis<br />
periodSi gamomdinareobs misi SesaZleblobi<strong>da</strong>n lokauti gamoucxados<br />
TanamSromlebs an gaficvis dros imuSaos xelmZRvanelisa <strong>da</strong> rezervis<br />
TanamSromlebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
6. roca problemebi warmoiSoba profkavSirebsa <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobas<br />
Soris, isini Cveulebriv saCivrebis ganxilvis MmeTodebis saSualebiT<br />
regulirdeba. saCivrebis ganxilvis SemuSaveba mxareebis moTxovnebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
survilebs gamoxatavs. tipuri meTodi Sedgeba sami, oTxi an xuTi etapisgan.<br />
yovel safexurs gansazRvruli vadebi aqvs. Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT ufrosi menejerebi <strong>da</strong><br />
profkavSiris moxeleebi erTvebian <strong>da</strong>vebSi saCivrebis ganxilvis MmeTodebis<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT maRal etapebze. am meTodis bolo safexuri SeiZleba iyos<br />
arbitraJi. arbitrebs saboloo ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba gamoaqvT, rac ver mogvar<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebiT etapebze.<br />
wardgenili SeTanxmeba warmoadgens sakiTxis gancxadebas, romelic<br />
un<strong>da</strong> mogvardes arbitraJis saSualebiT. es ubralod <strong>aris</strong> problema,<br />
romlis mogvarebac surT mxareebs. arbitrma pasuxi un<strong>da</strong> gasces sakiTxs<br />
arbitraJis oTx faqtorze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT, raTa <strong>da</strong>exmaros profkavSirisa <strong>da</strong><br />
administraciis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis <strong>da</strong>vebis mogvarebas. Es faqtorebia: SromiTi<br />
xelSekrulebis Sinaarsi (an Sromis politika), wardgenili werilobiTi<br />
SeTanxmeba, <strong>da</strong>kiTxvaze mopovebuli Cveneba <strong>da</strong> mtkicebuleba <strong>da</strong> dro<strong>da</strong>dro<br />
SemuSavebuli sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saarbitro stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi, arbitraJi ar <strong>aris</strong> zusti<br />
mecniereba, radganac arbitrebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvar mniSvnelobas aniWeben<br />
<strong>da</strong>vebis mosagvarebel mtkicebulebasa <strong>da</strong> kriteriumebs.<br />
7. profkavSiris liderebis winaSe mdgar problemebs dRes warmoadgens<br />
teqnologiuri winsvlebiT gamowveuli wevrebis Semcireba <strong>da</strong><br />
gazrdili Si<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> globaluri konkurencia. Sromis organizaciebi<br />
aRweven nakleb warmatebas organizaciebSi, roca <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi adgenen<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis progresul politikas xelfasis,<br />
TanamSromelTa sargeblobisa <strong>da</strong> organizaciuli politikis<br />
sferoebSi, rac aZlierebs samuSao usafrTxoebas <strong>da</strong> TanamSromelTa<br />
pativiscemas. wevrTa Semcirebis SesaCereblad profkavSirebi aqtiurni<br />
gaxdnen <strong>da</strong>bali Tanamdebobis TanamSromlebis, imigrantebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
TeTrsayeloiani TanamSromlebis organizebaSi.<br />
ZiriTadi terminebi<br />
arbitri<br />
uflebamosilebis baraTi<br />
molaparakebebis ufleba<br />
molaparakebebis jgufi<br />
molaparakebebis zona<br />
biznesis ga<strong>erTi</strong>aneba<br />
koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebis procesi<br />
xelobis profkavSirebi<br />
TanamSromelTa asociaciebi<br />
eqskluziuri warmomadgenloba<br />
samarTliani warmomadgenlobis moZRvreba<br />
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saCivrebis ganxilvis meTodi<br />
industriuli profkavSirebi<br />
interesze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli molaparakebebi<br />
SromiTi urTierTobebis procesi<br />
uflebaTa arbitraJi<br />
ukanono SromiTi maqinaciebi (ULPs)<br />
profkavSiris ganyofileba<br />
profkavSiris Suamavali<br />
gansaxilveli kiTxvebi<br />
1. taft-harTlis aqtis debulebebis Tanaxmad, romeli ukanono SromiTi<br />
praqtika exeba orives – profkavSirsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels?<br />
2. erTmaneTs Sea<strong>da</strong>reT profkavSirisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis mier wardgeneli,<br />
kavSirTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli argumentebi<br />
3. aRwereT etapebi tradiciul organizebaSi. romel “aratradiciul”<br />
organizebis taqtikas iyeneben kavSirebi TavianTi wevrebis<br />
gasazrdelad?<br />
4. ra mniSvneloba eniWeba SeTanxmebis zonas molaparakebebis<br />
warmoebaSi? ra axdens gavlenas molaparakebebis Sedegebze?<br />
5. saerTaSoriso monacemTa samsaxursa <strong>da</strong> mis profkavSirs Soris<br />
molaparakebebi CixSi moeqca. Mmogvarebis uflebamosilebis ra formas<br />
flobs ToToeuli mxare Tavisi moTxovnebis gasaZliereblad? Mra<br />
<strong>aris</strong> mogvarebis uflebamosilebis TiToeuli formis <strong>da</strong>debiTi <strong>da</strong><br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblisa <strong>da</strong> profkavSirisTvis?<br />
6. nensi bafetma ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita waeyenebina saCivari Tavisi kavSiris<br />
SuamavlTan. saCivris Tanaxmad, mas umcrosi TanamSromeli “aiZuleb<strong>da</strong>”,<br />
rom <strong>da</strong>ewinaurebina ufros teqnikosad.<br />
a. axseniT safexurebi, romelsac misi saCivari gaivlis<br />
profkavSirisa <strong>da</strong> administraciis saCivris ganxilvis oficialur<br />
procesSi;<br />
b. un<strong>da</strong> warudginon misi saCivari arbitraJs, axseniT arbitraJis<br />
<strong>da</strong>kiTxvis procesi <strong>da</strong> gansazRvreT misi pretenziis<br />
mosagvareblad arbitris mier gamoyenebuli kriteriumebi.<br />
7. a. ra RonisZiebebs mimarTaven kavSirebi Tanamedrove problemebis<br />
aRmosafxvrelad?<br />
b. ratom gax<strong>da</strong> Cveni sazogadoebis ama Tu im konkretuli nawilis<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebi organizebuli profkavSiris mimarT naklebad<br />
keTilganwyobili, vidre es warsulSi iyo?<br />
PprofkavSiris organizebis kampania<br />
P profkavSiris organizebis kampaniebi <strong>aris</strong> <strong>da</strong>Zabuli <strong>da</strong> emociuri<br />
periodebi profkavSiris moxeleebisTvis, TanamSromlebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
menejerebisTvis. TanamSromlebi SeiZleba emociurad <strong>da</strong>iZabon <strong>da</strong>,<br />
eqstremalur situaciebSi, SeiZleba maT Soris megobrobac gawydes.<br />
menejerebisTvis profkavSiris organizebis <strong>da</strong>sawyisi metad rTulia. Zalze<br />
mniSvnelovania TanamSromelTa problemebis marTva ise, rom orive mx<strong>aris</strong><br />
warmatebas miaRwio. es savarjiSo <strong>da</strong>gexmarebaT SeiswavloT profkavSiris<br />
organizebis tipuri kampania.<br />
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<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
kavSiris organizebis dros profkavSiri <strong>da</strong> administracia amuSaveben<br />
gegmas, raTa warudginon TavianTi pozicia TanamSromlebs. TiToeuli mx<strong>aris</strong><br />
mizania Seagrovos informacia, romelic SeiZleba saqmis warmarTvisTvis<br />
profkavSiris sasargeblod an sawinaaRmdegod gamoiyenos. TiToeuli mxare<br />
cdilobs Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aicilos ukanono SromiTi qmedebebi. kavSirisa <strong>da</strong><br />
administraciis warmomadgenlebis gundebSi muSaobis dros upasuxeT Semdeg<br />
kiTxvebs <strong>da</strong> moemzadeT warmoadginoT Tqveni <strong>da</strong>skvnebi ganxilvis dros.<br />
kiTxvebi:<br />
1. ra meTodebi SeiZleba gamoiyenos profkavSirma TanamSromlebTan<br />
urTierTobisTvis?<br />
2. ra informacia SeiZleba moipovos xelmZRvanelobis Sesaxeb<br />
profkavSirma TanamSromlis mxar<strong>da</strong>saWerad?<br />
3. ra informaciis Segroveba SeiZleba surdes administracias<br />
profkavSiris Sesaxeb?<br />
4. ra meTodebi SeiZleba gamoiyenon profkavSirma <strong>da</strong> administraciam<br />
TanamSromlebisTvis “TavianTi zRaprebis mosayolad”?<br />
5. romeli ukanono qmedebebisgan un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icvan Tavi profkavSirma <strong>da</strong><br />
administraciam?<br />
Kkonkretuli SemTxvevis ganxilva 1<br />
PprofkavSiris kampania apolos korporaciaSi: ULP <strong>da</strong> organizebis taqtikebi<br />
B bob tomasi gaaTavisufles apolos korporaciaSi sawarmos SemkeTebel<br />
meqanikosad cxrametwliani muSaobis Semdeg. am drois ganmavlobaSi is<br />
iReb<strong>da</strong> saSualo, zogjer saSualoze <strong>da</strong>bal yovelwliuri saqmianobis<br />
Sefasebebs. tomass icnobdnen, rogorc ukmayofilo <strong>da</strong> Semawuxebel<br />
TanamSromels, is Zalian akritikeb<strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobas. Mmis<br />
ganTavisuflebamde wina xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi misi <strong>da</strong>swrebis monacemebi<br />
Zalian cudi iyo. Mmiuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, apolos korporacias arasodes<br />
gamouyenebia <strong>da</strong>swrebis politika <strong>da</strong> arasodes <strong>da</strong>usjia tomasi cudi<br />
<strong>da</strong>swrebis gamo. Ffaqtobrivad, bolo dromde apolos administracia metad<br />
tolerantuli iyo TanamSromelTan urTierTobebSi.<br />
Aapolos korporacia awarmoebs kavSirgabmulobis industriis<br />
nawilebs. industria Seferx<strong>da</strong> 1998 wli<strong>da</strong>n intensiuri konkurenciuli<br />
zemoqmedebiT. Aam problemis ga<strong>da</strong>saWrelad, jin lipskim, a<strong>da</strong>mianuri<br />
resursebis direqtorma, Caatara mravali Sexvedra menejerebTan <strong>da</strong> gaacno<br />
maT TanamSromlebTan maTi saze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelo urTierTobis gaZlierebis<br />
Sesaxeb. maT moaxsenes, rom zustad un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icvan a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis<br />
politika <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>iwyon disciplinaruli moqmedebebis ganxorcieleba<br />
TanamSromlebis winaaRmdeg, romelTa saqmianobac ar Seesabameba kompaniis<br />
politikas. es cvlilebebi di<strong>da</strong>d ar moewonaT TanamSromlebs,<br />
gansakuTrebiT ki bob tomass. rodesac administraciis axali midgomis<br />
Sesaxeb gaigo, tomasi gabraz<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ganacxa<strong>da</strong>: “isini amas ver gaarTmeven<br />
Tavs. Mme wigni <strong>da</strong>vwere amis Sesaxeb”. magram farulad tomass sjero<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />
misi warsuli qceva mis sawinaaRmdegod SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong> gamomdgariyo <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>iwyo<br />
zrunva samuSaos <strong>da</strong>sacavad.<br />
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samsaxuris Semdeg, saRamos tomasi <strong>da</strong>ukavSir<strong>da</strong> meqanikosTa<br />
amxanagobis profkavSiris organizators <strong>da</strong> sTxova kavSirs kampania <strong>da</strong>ewyo<br />
apoloSi. <strong>erTi</strong> kviris ganmavlobaSi TanamSromlebma eqspress acnobes<br />
profkavSiris Sexvedris Sesaxeb. roca lipskim gaigo am kampaniisa <strong>da</strong><br />
tomasis xelmZRvanelobis Sesaxeb, man ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita gaeTavisuflebina igi.<br />
tomasis ganTavisuflebis brZaneba ityobineba: “ganTavisuflebul iqna cudi<br />
muSaobisa <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeli <strong>da</strong>swrebis gamo.” tomasi gamoiZaxes<br />
lipskis ofisSi <strong>da</strong> acnobes ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. ofisis <strong>da</strong>tovebis<br />
Semdeg igi <strong>da</strong>ukavSir<strong>da</strong> profkavSiris organizators <strong>da</strong> isini gaemarTnen<br />
NLRB-is raionul samsaxurSi, raTa waeyenebinaT ukanono SromiTi praqtikis<br />
braldeba tomasis saxeliT. ULP <strong>da</strong>amtkica, rom is gaagdes profkavSirisa <strong>da</strong><br />
organizebis kampaniisadmi mxar<strong>da</strong>WerisTvis.<br />
jin lipskis saerTod naklebi gamocdileba hqon<strong>da</strong> kavSirebis<br />
sakiTxebSi <strong>da</strong> ar hqon<strong>da</strong> specialuri gamocdileba kavSiris organizebis<br />
kampaniebTan urTierTobaSi. lipskis samwuxarod, meqanikosTa amxanagobam _<br />
lokal 1463-m <strong>da</strong>iwyo kampania apolos winaaRmdeg 1 ivniss.<br />
sanamPprofkavSiris <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi moqmedebebi ixvewebo<strong>da</strong> (ecnobebinaT<br />
mfrinavebisTvis organizaciuli Sexvedris Sesaxeb), 10 ivnisisTvis aSkara<br />
gax<strong>da</strong>, rom TanamSromelTa mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera kavSirisadmi gaizar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
profkavSiris kampaniac metad intensiuri gax<strong>da</strong>. Llipskis winaSe aRar idga<br />
sakiTxi ase: “ rame un<strong>da</strong> moimoqmedos “apolom”?”, aramed ase: “ra un<strong>da</strong><br />
gaakeTos “apolom”?” lipskisTvis naTeli gax<strong>da</strong>, rom profkavSiri<br />
valdebuli iyo sruliad axali Zalixmeva gamoeyenebina kompaniis<br />
TanamSromelTa gasa<strong>erTi</strong>aneblad. ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelebma mas moaxsenes, rom<br />
kavSiris mxar<strong>da</strong>mWerebi iRebdnen uflebamosilebis baraTebs, raTa TxovniT<br />
miemarTaT NLRB-sTvis <strong>da</strong>samtkicebeli arCevnebis Taobaze.<br />
kiTxvebi:<br />
1. ra kanon<strong>da</strong>rRveva (arsebobis SemTxvevaSi) Caidina apolos korporaciam?<br />
2. ra argumentebi gamoiyenes jin lipskim <strong>da</strong> bob tomasma TavianTi<br />
saqmeebis mxar<strong>da</strong>saWerad?<br />
3. CamoTvaleT, ra ar un<strong>da</strong> gaakeTon menejerebma, roca isini sCadian<br />
ukanono SromiT qmedebebs.<br />
Kkonkretuli SemTxvevis ganxilva 2<br />
arbitraJi, jeisi stranksis SemTxveva<br />
arbitraJis <strong>da</strong>kiTxvaze orive mxarem mtkiced un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icvas Tavisi<br />
pozicia. “poeniqs semikonduqtoris” mTavari menejeri irwmunebo<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />
mosarCle, nensi houngi axlaxans gaaTavisufles TanamSromelTan kamaTisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rtymis gamo, rac warmoadgens kompaniis politikisa <strong>da</strong> TanamSromlis<br />
saxelmZRvanelos pir<strong>da</strong>pir <strong>da</strong>rRvevas. stanksi amtkiceb<strong>da</strong>, rom muSaobis<br />
dros, rva wlis ganmavlobaSi is kargi TanamSromeli iyo.<br />
wardgenili SeTanxmeba, romelic marTav<strong>da</strong> am saqmes, ase JRer<strong>da</strong>:<br />
“<strong>da</strong>mqiraveblis poziciis Tanaxmad, arsebob<strong>da</strong> safuZvliani mizezi batoni<br />
jeisi stanksis ganTavisuflebisTvis; mas Sesaferisi jarima <strong>da</strong>ekisra<br />
Cadenili samarTal<strong>da</strong>rRvevis gamo.” <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelma CvenebaSi axsena Sromis<br />
xelSekruleba, romelic gansazRvrav<strong>da</strong> ganTavisuflebis mizezs:<br />
144
safuZvliani mizezi ganapirobebs disciplinarul RonisZiebas, es<br />
mizezebia: arakeTilsindisiereba, araefeqturoba, araprofesionaluri<br />
moqceva, gacdenebi, oqmebis gayalbeba, kompaniis politikis <strong>da</strong>rRveva, qonebis<br />
xelyofa, ganadgureba an alkoholis an narkotikebis floba an misi<br />
zemoqmedebis qveS yofna.<br />
stanksi muSaob<strong>da</strong> sistemis teqnikosad 1994 wlis 20 noembri<strong>da</strong>n mis<br />
ganTavisuflebamde, 2002 wlis 25 oqtombramde. huangis Cvenebis Tanxmad,<br />
P”poeniqs semikonduqtor” kompania eca<strong>da</strong> SeenarCunebina pozitiuri <strong>da</strong><br />
centraluri samuSao garemo TanamSromlebSi. brZola samsaxurisTvis<br />
mkacrad iyo akrZaluli. stanksis saqmianobis Sefasebam aCvena, rom is iyo<br />
saSualo donis TanamSromeli, Tumca mas miRebuli hqon<strong>da</strong> ramdenime<br />
disciplinaruli gafrTxileba cudi <strong>da</strong>swrebis gamo <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>imsaxura <strong>erTi</strong><br />
samdRiani droebiTi <strong>da</strong>Txovna “sistemis kontrolis SecdomisTvis”. stankss<br />
zoga<strong>da</strong>d pativs scemdnen Tavisi TanamSromlebi <strong>da</strong> ramdenime maTganma<br />
arbitraJis <strong>da</strong>kiTxvaze mis sasargeblod misca Cveneba.<br />
stanksis samsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>Txovnas kavSiri hqon<strong>da</strong> mas <strong>da</strong> meore<br />
teqnikoss, gari lindekins Soris momx<strong>da</strong>r CxubTan. am incindentis<br />
TviTmxilvelebis Tanaxmad, orive – stanksi <strong>da</strong> lindekini metad gabrazdnen<br />
warmoebis aRWurvilobis saTuTi nawilis Semowmebis swor meTodze<br />
kamaTisas. rogorc erT-erTma mowmem ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, es gacxarebuli kamaTi<br />
gagrZel<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>axloebiT sami wuTi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mTavr<strong>da</strong> maSin, roca stanksim<br />
Zlierad <strong>da</strong>artya xeli lindekins mxarze. lindekini Zlier gan<strong>aris</strong>xa<br />
stanksis saqcielma <strong>da</strong> saswrafod Seatyobina xelmZRvanelobas. mas Semdeg,<br />
rac <strong>da</strong>kiTxes stanksi <strong>da</strong> lindekini <strong>da</strong> am incindentis TviTmxilvelebi:<br />
haungi <strong>da</strong> samanta lovri, TanamSromelTa uSualo ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelma <strong>da</strong> granT<br />
grinma, departamentis menejerma ga<strong>da</strong>wyvites stanksis samsxaxuri<strong>da</strong>n<br />
<strong>da</strong>Txovna araprofesiuli saqcielisa <strong>da</strong> kompaniis politikis <strong>da</strong>rRvevisTvis.<br />
kiTxvebi:<br />
1. romel arguments mianiWeben ufro did mniSvnelobas: imas, romelic<br />
eyrdnoba kompaniis politikas, TanamSromlis saxelmZRvanolos <strong>da</strong> Sromis<br />
xelSekrulebas Tu Semamsubuqebel faqtorebs, romlebic <strong>da</strong>mnaSavem <strong>da</strong><br />
mowmeebma miawodes?<br />
2. rogor SeiZleba ganisazRvros araprofesiuli qceva? axseniT.<br />
3. Tqven rom iyoT arbitri, rogor moagvarebdiT am saqmes? srulad axseniT<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis mizezebi.<br />
HRM 1-s pasuxebi:<br />
1. ara. aplikantebi iTvlebian TanamSromlebad <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad maT kanoni<br />
icavs.<br />
2. ara. TanamSromelTa individualuri <strong>da</strong>kiTxva maTi profkavSiris wevrobis<br />
an saqmianobis Sesaxeb ukanonoa.<br />
3. ara. specialuri situaciebis gar<strong>da</strong> (magaliTad, usafrTxoebisTvis xelis<br />
Sewyoba), TanamSromlebs ufleba aqvT ataron profkavSiris niSnebi.<br />
4. diax.<br />
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5. diax. aplikantebis an TanamSromlebis Savi sia Sromis kanonis<br />
sawinaaRmdegoa.<br />
6. ara. organizebis kampaniis periodSi <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels ar SeuZlia <strong>da</strong>hpirdes<br />
xelfasis gaumjobeseba, rogorc saSualeba profkavSiris<br />
<strong>da</strong>samarcxeblad.<br />
7. diax. <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebic <strong>da</strong> kavSirebic eqvemdebarebian ukanono Sromis<br />
braldebebs.<br />
8. diax. roca saCivris arbitraJis punqti arsebobs Sromis xelSekrulebaSi,<br />
xelmZRvanelobam un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>sces arbitraJs saqmeebi.<br />
9. diax. TanamSromlebi SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>isajon an ganTavisufldnen araswori<br />
samsaxurebrivi moqmedebis gamo, magram ara maTi Sexedulebebis an<br />
profkavSiris wevrobis gamo.<br />
10. diax. antikavSiruli SeniSvnebi ar <strong>aris</strong> ukanono, imis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
rom isini ar <strong>aris</strong> iZulebiTi.<br />
sarCevi<br />
pirveli Tavi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani <strong>da</strong> <strong>organizacia</strong><br />
meore Tavi<br />
personalis menejmenti<br />
mesame Tavi<br />
146
organizaciuli kultura<br />
meoTxe Tavi<br />
Sromis motivireba <strong>da</strong> karieris marTva<br />
mexuTe Tavi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan urTierTobis xelovneba<br />
meeqvse Tavi<br />
treningebis sistemis analizi <strong>da</strong> marTva<br />
meSvide Tavi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri resursebis marTvis strategia <strong>da</strong> politika<br />
merve Tavi<br />
drois marTvis principebi<br />
mecxre Tavi<br />
TanamSromelTa uflebebi <strong>da</strong> disciplina<br />
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