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13<br />
SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom 25-e suraTze gamosaxuli<br />
ori sxvadasxva siTxe erTsa da imave nivTierebas<br />
Seicavdes?<br />
xom ar iciT, ra Tvisebebis gamo ga mo iyenes is<br />
pirvelsa da meore SemTxvevaSi?<br />
am saxelwodebis mqone sxva nivTierebebic xom ar<br />
aris TqvenTvis cnobili?<br />
spirtebi<br />
spirti aris orga -<br />
nu li nivTiereba, rom<br />
lis molekula Sic<br />
naxSirwyalbadis radikalTan<br />
da kav Si rebulia<br />
erTi an ramdenime<br />
hidroqsilis<br />
jgu fi.<br />
spirtis zogadi<br />
fo r mulaa R‑OH.<br />
ro gorc wesi, nax-<br />
Sir wyal badis radikals<br />
R-iT aRniSnaven.<br />
am aRniSvnas gamoviyenebT<br />
Cvenc.<br />
hidroqsilis jgufs yvela spirti Seicavs. Tumca SesaZlebelia, rom sxvadasxva<br />
spirtis molekulaSi hidroqsilis jgufis sxvadasxva raodenoba iyos.<br />
molekulaSi hidroqsilis jgufis raodenobis mixedviT spirti aris:<br />
erTatomiani. magaliTad,<br />
CH 3OH,<br />
meTilis<br />
spirti<br />
meTanoli<br />
oratomiani. magaliTad, samatomiani. magaliTad,<br />
spirtebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba radikalis bunebiTac. Sesabamisad,<br />
spirti SesaZlebelia iyos:<br />
najeri – aseTi spirtis<br />
molekulaSi Semavali<br />
radikali najeria,<br />
magaliTad,<br />
CH 3 – CH 2 – OH<br />
eTanoli<br />
spirtebi<br />
sur. 25. alkoholiani sasmeli da odekoloni<br />
CH 3 – CH 2 – OH<br />
eTilis spirti<br />
eTanoli<br />
naerTebi, romelTa molekulaSic<br />
benzolis birTvTan uSualodaa dakavSirebuli<br />
OH – jgufi, TvisebebiT<br />
mkveTrad gansxvavdeba spirtebisagan.<br />
amitom isini calke klasadaa gamoyofili<br />
da fenolebi ewodeba.<br />
HO – CH 2 – CH 2 – OH<br />
eTilenglikoli<br />
ujeri – aseTi spirtis<br />
molekulaSi Semaval<br />
radikalSi naxSirbadis<br />
atomebs Soris<br />
jeradi bmebia (ormagi<br />
an sammagi) magaliTad,<br />
CH 2 = CH – CH 2 – OH<br />
fenoli<br />
OH<br />
CH2 – CH – CH2 OH OH OH<br />
glicerini<br />
aromatuli – cxadia<br />
aseTi spirtis molekulaSi<br />
benzolis birTvia,<br />
magram OH – jgufi<br />
masTan dakavSirebulia<br />
ara uSualod, aramed<br />
naxSirbadatomiT.<br />
maga liTad,<br />
CH 2 – OH<br />
fenilmeTanoli<br />
79
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