CMuvijkarkat;eTassadamh'Uesn - D.dccam.org

CMuvijkarkat;eTassadamh‘Uesn
Pøam²eRkayBI sadam h‘Uesn RtÚv)ancab;xøÜnenA
éfTI13 ExFñÚ qñaM2003 ecjBIbnÞb;eRkamdI CakEnøgEdl
Kat;lak;xøÜnBYnGatµaBIkartamcab;rbs;kgkmøaMgBiess
rbs;Gaemrik BiPBelakcab;epIþmBiPakSafaetIRtÚveFIV
dUcemþccMeBaHrUb sadam h‘UUesn. karnaMxøÜn sadam eTAkat;
eTasenAkñúgtulakaryutiþFm’mYyCakarcaM)ac;kñúgkarpþl;
yutiþFm’[BlrdæGIur:ak;TaMgLayEdl)anTTYlrgkareFIVTukç
bukemñjBI sadam. b:uEnþmanbBaðaCaeRcInBak;B½n§nwgviFI
sa®sþkñúgkarkat;eTas sadam. etIsadamRtÚvkat;eTas
enAkñúgtulakarkñúgRsukb¤tulakarGnþrCati? kat;eTasenA
kñúgRbeTsGIur:ak; b¤enAtMbn;GBüaRkwtdUcCaTIRkúgLaeG?
etIGgÁkarshRbCaCatiKYrCaGñkcat;Ecgkargarkat;eTas
enHb¤RkúmRbwkSaRKb;RKgRbeTsGIur:ak;CaGñkeFIV? karkat;
eTascMeBaHbT]RkidæFn;FrEdl)anekIteLIgenAGIur:ak;d¾man
yutiþFm’nigbMeBjeTAtambTdæanc,ab;GnþrCati mansarsMxan;
cMeBaHCnrgeRKaH ehIynwgCYyBRgwgRbB½n§c,ab;enAkñúg
RbeTsGIur:ak; EdlCacMNuccab;epIþményutiþFm’EdlBMuFøab;
ekItmanGs;ry³eBlbITsvtSr_mkehIyenAkñúgRbeTs
GIur:ak;. pÞúyeTAvij karkat;eTasmin)anRtwmRtÚvnwgCMruj
[mankarRbRBwtþGMeBIeXareXAteTAeTot nigraraMgdl;kar
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm

elx54 Exmifuna qñaM2004 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³
ksagFmµaFibetyüenAkñúgRbeTsGIur:ak;.
kardak;eTasedayKµantulakarminEmnCayutiþFm’eT
vaRKan;EtCakarsgswkb:ueNÑaH. kardak;Bn§naKarb¤Rbhar
CIvit sadam h‘Uesn edayminmankarkat;eTasRbkbeday
yutiþFm’ KWCakarbdiesFyutiþFm’cMeBaHCnrgeRKaHnigcMeBaH
sadam xøÜnÉg.
]RkidækmµénrdæaPi)al)ahSrbs; sadam h‘ Uesn
tulakarkat;eTas sadam RtÚvEtekþabeTAelIral;
]RkidækmµEdl)anekIteLIgenAkñúgry³eBl35qñaMénkardwk
naMrbs; sadam. ]RkidækmµTaMgenHrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgGIVEdl)an
ekIteLIgenAkñúgs®gÁamGIur:ak;-GIur:g; RBmTaMgkarXøanBannig
karekþabkþab;rbs;GIur:ak;eTAelIRbeTsKuyEv:t Edlman
TRmg;Ca]Rkidækmµs®gÁamnig]RkidækmµRbqaMgmnusSCati.
RbeTsGIur:g;nigKuyEv:tmansiTi§kñúgkarTamTar[naMyk
sadameLIgtulakar b:uEnþEpñksMxan;énkarecaTRbkan;
sadam KWGMeBIeXareXArbs; sadam enAelITwkdIGIur:ak;nig
eTAelIRbCaCnGIur:ak;.
rdæaPi)alRbeTsGIur:ak;EdldwknaMeday sadam RtÚv
TTYlxusRtÚvcMeBaHkarsøab;)at;bg;CIvitRbCaCnGIur:ak;RbmaN
1PaK4lannak;. enAkñúgcMeNamsaksBEdl)anCIk
kkayecjBIreNþAsBrYmenAkñúgRbeTsGIur:ak;mkRtwmExFñÚ
qñaM2003 mansMNl;sBCatiBn§ eXIt cMnYnEsnnak;Edl
)ansøab;edaykar)aj;RbharnwgkaMePIøgynþnigbMBul
eday]s½µnKImIenAGMLúgqñaM1988kñúgyuT§nakarGan;hVal;.
CatiBn§eXItTaMgenaHRtÚv)ansmøab;eRkayBI)anbgMçxøÜneKc
ecjBIpÞHedaysarmankarvayRbharedayGavuFKImI.
kñúgreNþAsBrYmenaH manCatiBn§sIuetnigeXItEdlRtÚv)an
smøab;enAkñúgkarbHe)arqñaM1991 eRkays®gÁamQUg
smuRTEBrS manCatiBn§sIuetmYycMnYneTotEdl)ansmøab;
enAGMLúgTsvtSr_qñaM1980 eRkamkarecaTRbkan;fa )an
KaMRTRbeTsGIur:g; manCatiBn§Gar:ab;enAtMbn;licTwk)an
søab;enAeBlEdlrdæaPi)alGIur:ak;deNIþmykTwkdIlicTwk
46
nigbMpiøcbMpøajecalvb,Fm’Edl)anrkSaTukmkGs;ry³
eBlCaeRcInstvtSr_ nigmansaksBRbCaCnGIur:ak;epSg
eTotEdl)ansøab;edaysarRbqaMgb¤RtÚveKecaTRbkan;fa
RbqaMgnwgrdæaPi)al sadam h‘Uesn.
RbePTepSg²éntulakarnigtulakarmun²
mantulakarbIRbePTEdlGacRtÚv)anbegIáteLIg
edIm,Ikat;eTasGtItemdwknaMénrdæaPi)alkñúgRbeTsGIur:ak;.
1¦tuulakarCaticUlrYmedayRBHraCGaCJanigecARkm
CnCatiGI ur:ak;
RbsinebIGaCJaFrCatiGacerobcMkarkat;eTasEdl
manRbsiT§PaB)anedayxøÜnÉgKWCakrNId¾RbesIrbMput.
karkat;eTaskñúgRsukGnuBaØat[CnrgeRKaHnigRKÜsarGac
cUlrYm)anedaygay.
CaTUeTA karkat;eTasRBhµTNÐenAkñúgRbeTsGIur:ak;
eRcInEt)aneFIVeLIgedaysegçb manry³eBlEtb:unµan
em:agb¤y:agyUrEtb:unµanéfb:ueNÑaH. CYnkal buKÁlEdlRtÚv
ecaTRbkan;fa)anRbRBwtþbT]RkidæRtÚv)anykeTAdak;Bn§
naKaredaymin)aneLIgtulakar.
Gñkc,ab;CnCatiGIur:ak; dUcCaecARkm RBHraCGaCJa
emFavI nigbuKÁlepSgeTotenAkñúgRbB½n§tulakar minman
bTBiesaFn_kñúgdMeNIrkarkIþEdlmanlkçN³sµúKsµajdUc
krNI sadam h‘Uesn nigCnepSgeTotEdlRtÚvecaTRbkan;
BIbTrMelaPsiTi§mnusSFn;FreT.
2¦tulakarGnþrCatibegIáteLIgedayRkúmRbwkSa
sniþsuxGgÁkarshRbCaCati
eRkayBImanGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_enAb‘Uesñó nigrV:an;da
RkúmRbwkSasniþsuxGgÁkarshRbCaCati)anGnum½tesckIþ
seRmcedIm,IbegIát «tulakarRBhµTNÐGnþrCatisRmab;
GtItRbeTsyUehÁasøavI » nig «tulakarRBhµTNÐGnþrCati
sRmab;RbeTsrV:an;da ». tulakarTaMgBIrenHRtÚv)ancUlrYm
mYyEpñkFMedayecARkmRBHraCGaCJanigbuKÁlikGnþrCati.
edaymUlehtuneya)aynigsniþsux tulakarTaMgBIrRtÚv
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm

EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ elx54 Exmifuna qñaM2004
)aneFIVeLIgenAeRkARbeTsedIm. «tulakarRBhµTNÐGnþrCati
sRmab;GtItRbeTsyUehÁasøavI » eFIVeLIgenATIRkúgLaeG
rIÉ «tulakarRBhµTNÐGnþrCatisRmab;RbeTsrV:an;da »eFIVeLIg
enAkñúgTIRkúgGarUsüaRbeTstg;hSanI. kareFIVdUcenH)an
eFVI[CnrgeRKaHBi)akcUlrYmenAkñúgdMeNIrkarkat;eTas.
CaTUeTA tulakarTaMgBIr)andMeNIrkary:agl¥ b:uEnþRtÚvcMNay
Gs;fvikaeRcInnigry³eBlyUr.
3¦tulakarcRmúHcUlrYmedayecARkmCatinigGnþrCati
]TahrN_sMxan;sRmab;tulakarRbePTenHKW «tulakar
BiesssRmab;RbeTsesr:aeLGUn » EdleFIV[mandMeNIr
karedayecARkm RBHraCGaCJa nigbuKÁlikCatinigGnþrCati.
Gñkc,ab;TaMgenHkMBugEtBinitüeTAelIkarrMelaPbMBanFn;Fr
eTAelIc,ab;mnusSFm’GnþrCatib¤c,ab;s®gÁameFIVeLIgeRkay
Exviciäka qñaM1996 enAkñúgs®gÁamsIuvild¾rn§t;enAkñúgRbeTs
esr:aeLGUn. tulakarenHRtÚv)anrMBwgfanwgkat;eTasCn
Cab;ecaT20rUbénPaKIeFIVs®gÁamTaMgGs;EdlTTYlxusRtÚv
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elx54 Exmifuna qñaM2004
mnusSGgÁkarshRbCaCati)anEføgenAkñúgeyabl;TUeTA
rbs;xøÜneTAelImaRtaTI14 cMNucTI7énktikasBaØaGnþrCati
sIþGMBIsiTi§BlrdænigsiTi§neya)ayfa «tamehtuplénkar
sniñdæanCamunfaKµaneTas karbgðajP½sþútagKaMRTkarecaT
Rbkan;CabnÞúkrbs;PaKIedImecaT ehIycugecaTGacTTYl
RbeyaCn_BIkaregOgql; ¬RbeyaCn_BIPaBmindac;eRsc¦.
KµanGMeBIBiruT§NamYyGacRtÚv)anRbkaseT luHRtaEtkarecaT
Rbkan;RtÚv)anbkRsaybBa¢ak;edayKµanvimtisgS½y ».
4¦lkçniþk³c,ab;tulakarBiess)anGnuBaØat[yk
c,ab;nignItiviFIRBhµTNÐGIur:ak;eTAbMeBj[RTwsIþc,ab;RBhµTNÐ
karTTYlxusRtÚvrbs;buKÁlcMeBaHbT]RkidænigkarTTYl
TNÐkmµ Edlmin)anerobrab;enAkñúglkçniþk³c,ab;tulakar
Biess. c,ab;RbeTsGIur:ak;manbBaØtiþEdlxusnwgbTdæan
GnþrCati ]TahrN_dUcCakarGnuBaØat[mankarsarPaB
edaybgMç nigkarmin[manvtþmanemFavIkñúgeBlsYrcemIøy
enAeRkamkal³eTs³xøH.
bBaØaCnmYycMnYneBalfa GIVEdl)anekIteLIgenAkñúg
RbeTsGIur:ak;minR)akdfaCabBaðarbs;GIur:ak;ehIyRtÚv
edaHRsayedayc,ab;GIur:ak;EtmYyenaHeT. enAeRkamc,ab;
GnþrCati GMeBIeXareXArbs;GIur:ak;CabT]RkidæRbqaMgmnusS
Cati rYmTaMgGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_pgEdr eTaHbICaGMeBI
Rbl½yBUCsasn_CaGMeBImYyEdlBi)aknwgbgðaj[eXIj
bniþctamry³bTbBaØtiþenAkñúgGnusBaØaRbl½yBUCsasn_k¾
eday. eTaHbICatulakarkat;eTas sadam manTRmg;y:agNa
k¾eday tulakarenaHRtÚvEtemIleXIjfamanPaByutiþFm’
nigmantmøaPaB. mann½yfa eTaHbItulakarenaHRtÚveFIVeLIg
enATINanigedaynrNa tulakarenaHRtÚvbegIáteLIg[)an
RtwmRtÚvnigmannItiviFIbMeBjeTAtamlkçxNÐc,ab;GnþrCati.
siTi§mandMeNIrkarc,ab;RtwmRtÚvrbs;buKÁlmñak;Edlpþl;
edayktikasBaØaGnþrCatisIþGMBIsiTi§BlrdænigsiTi§neya)ay
Gnum½tqñaM1966 RtÚvEteKarB.
48
EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³
GñkxøHpþl;eyabl;fa karkat;eTas sadam KYreFIV
eLIgenAkñúgtulakarGnþrCati b:uEnþminEmntulakarRBhµTNÐ
GnþrCatieT BIeRBaHtulakarenHBMumansmtßkic©kat;eTas.
RbeTsGIur:ak;min)anpþl;sc©anum½tdl;lkçniþk³c,ab;tulakar
RBhµTNÐGnþrCatieT eTaHbICa)anpþl; k¾maRtaTI11én
lkçniþk³enaH)anhamR)amtulakarRBhµTNÐGnþrCatimin[
eRbIR)as;c,ab;rbs;xøÜnkat;eTas]RkidækmµTaMgLayEdl
)aneFIVeLIgmuneBllkçniþk³enaHmansuBlPaBkalBIqñaM
2002. tulakarGnþrCatiepSg²eTotk¾Kµansmtßkic©
Edr dUecñHtulakarBiessfIµmYyRtÚvEtbegIáteLIgsRmab;
RbeTsGIur:ak;.
shKmn_siTi§mnusSGnþrCatiminKaMRTtulakarEdl
begIáteLIgedayRbeTsGIur:ak;xøÜnÉgeTEdlRBÜy)armÖfava
GackøayCa «karkat;eTasmanEtrUb » ehIy sadam GacRtÚv
kat;eTasRbharCIvit.
RkúmRbwkSasniþsuxGgÁkarshRbCaCatimanGMNac
begIáttulakarfIµmYysRmab;kat;eTas sadam tamTRmg;
dUcKñaeTAnwgkarkat;eTas søÚbUdan; mILÚsWvIk nigGtIt
emdwknaMGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_enAr:Van;da. CeRmIsenHman
karTak;TajCagCeRmIsepSg.
mankarCMTas;eTAelImtixagelI. sadam RtÚvEt
TTYlkarecaTRbkan;dMbUgbg¥s;cMeBaH]RkidækmµEdl)anekIt
eLIgenAkñúgRbeTsGIur:ak; ehIycMeBaHkarecaTRbkan;Ebb
enaH karkat;eTasenAkñúgRbeTsmanPaBsmRsbCag.
tulakarsRmab;RbeTsr:Van;daRtÚvTTYlkarriHKn;y:agFn;Fr
cMeBaHkarcMNayeBlevlakat;eTasyUreBk cMeBaHkarkat;
esckIþeTAelI]RkidækmµEtmYyEpñktUcénGIVEdl)anekIteLIg
enAkñúgGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_qñaM1994 nigcMeBaHkarTItaMg
enAeRkARbeTsEdlqayBIRbCaCnrV:an;da. ehtuenH Rbsin
ebIkarkat;eTas sadam nwgRtÚveFIVeLIgedIm,I[mankarFUr
es,IykñúgGarmµN_dl;RbCaCnGIur:ak; karkat;eTasenaH
KYrEteFIVeLIgenAkñúgRbeTsGIur:ak;RbsinebIGaceFIVeTA)an
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm

EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³
b:uEnþminEmnmann½yfaRtÚvEtkat;eTasRtwmEtbTelIµs
EdlmanEcgenAkñúgc,ab;RbeTsGIur:ak;enaHeT BIeRBaH «tulakar
BiessénRbeTsGIur:ak;sRmab;bT]RkidæRbqaMgmnusSCati »
mansmtßkic©elIbT]RkidæmYycMnYnEdlmanEcgenAkñúgc,ab;
tulakarRBhµTNÐGnþrCati.
cMNucsMxan;bMputEdlRtÚvBicarNaenaHKWfa vamin
EmnRtwmEtCasiTi§b:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþCakarTTYlxusRtÚvrbs;
rdænImYy²kñúgkareRbIR)as;GMNacRBhµTNÐrbs;xøÜneTAelI
bT]RkidæenAeRkamc,ab;GnþrCatiEdlRbRBwtþeLIgeday
Blrdærbs;xøÜn. enHKWCaktþacm,génGFibetyüPaBCati.
R)akdNas; karkat;eTasenAkñúgRbeTsGIur:ak;Bit
CamanbBaða. RbB½n§yutiþFm’rbs;RbeTsGIur:ak;KµanbTBiesaFn_
RKb;RKan;kñúgkarkat;eTasEbbenH. eRkayBI)anbegIát
tulakarsRmab;RbeTsrV:an;danigGtItyUehÁasøavI eyIgdwg
fa karkat;eTas]RkidækmµRbl½yBUCsasn_b¤]Rkidækmµ
RbqaMgmnusSCatiGacCakargarmYyd¾sµúKsµajEdlTamTar
[Gñkc,ab;TTYlbnÞúkmanCMnajnigbTBiesaFn_x