fizika 10 moswavlis wigni

qeTevan tatiSvilifizika10moswavlis wignisaxelmZRvanelo grifirebulia ganaTlebis xarisxisganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier(brZ. N375, 18.05.2012 weli)1

Tema IV. eleqtruli deni sxvadasxva garemoSi ...........................................................115proeqti: baRdadis batarea, anu 2000 wlis win dawyebuli eleqtrobis istoria..........1154.1. eleqtruli deni siTxeSi...............................................................................118proeqti: cidan daSvebuli eleqtroba................................................................................1224.2. eleqtruli deni airSi .................................................................................1244.3. eleqtruli deni vakuumSi ............................................................................1304.4. eleqtruli deni naxevargamtarebSi.............................................................133Seamowme Seni codna........................................................................................139Tema V magnituri veli ................................................................................................. 141dedamiwis magnituri veli ............................................................................1415.1. magnituri velis induqcia........................................................................... 1445.2. amperis Zala ................................................................................................. 1485.3. magnituri velis Zalwirebi ........................................................................ 1515.4. magnituri velis Zalwirebis mimarTuleba ............................................... 1535.5. lorencis Zala ............................................................................................ 155proeqti: energia, romlis xarjzec eleqtroZrava muSaobs ............................................... 1585.6. fizika amocanebSi: damuxtuli nawilakis moZraobaerTgvarovan magnitur velSi .................................................................... 160magnituri xafangi ...................................................................................... 166Seamowme Seni codna........................................................................................168Tema VI eleqtromagnituri induqcia......................................................................... 1696.1 eleqtromagnituri induqcia ...................................................................... 1706.2 lencis wesi ................................................................................................... 1746.3 eleqtromagnituri induqciis kanoni ........................................................ 1776.4 TviTinduqcia .............................................................................................. 183Seamowme Seni codna........................................................................................187ganmeorebiTi gazomvebi.................................................................................188testebis pasuxebi ........................................................................................ 189damatebiTi kiTxvebisa da amocanebis pasuxebi ........................................ 1905

eleqtruli veli2.11 eleqtruli velidamuxtuli burTulis gverdiT meore damuxtuliburTula dakides (sur. 1). gadaixreba Tu ara vertikalurimdgomareobidan pirveli burTula? meore bur-Tula? ratom?cxadia, am kiTxvebze pasuxs Sarl kulonic gascemda,Tumca is damuxtuli burTulebis urTierTqmedebaseqsperimentulad dadgenil faqtad miiCnevdada am urTierTqmedebis meqanizms, Tu ra gziT gadaecemagarkveul manZilze erTi burTulis moqmedebameores uSualo Sexebis gareSe, frangi mecnieri versur. 1axsnida.mecnierebis Semdgomma ganviTarebam cxadyo, rom damuxtuli sxeulebis ur-TierTqmedebas sakmaod rTuli xasiaTi aqvs. ingliseli mecnierebis faradeis(1791-1867) da maqsvelis (1831-1879) Sromebma safuZveli Cauyara eleqtromagnituriurTierTqmedebis Tanamedrove Teorias, romlis Tanaxmadac, damuxtulisxeulebis garSemo arsebobs eleqtruli veli, romlis saSualebiTac maT SorisurTierTqmedeba xorcieldeba: yoveli q 1muxti Tavis garSemo qmnis eleqtrulvels, romelic q 2muxtze moqmedebs da piriqiT, q 2muxtis mier Seqmnili veli q 1--ze moqmedebs.eleqtrul (gravitaciul, magnitur) vels ar aqvs forma, feri, suni, gemo, arSeiZleba misi danaxva da xeliT Sexeba, anu mas, nivTierebisgan gansxvavebiT, araqvs struqtura, agebuleba. velis arsebobis aRmoCena mxolod misi moqmedebebisSedegadaa SesaZlebeli.2 eleqtruli velis ZiriTadi TvisebebiCven SegviZlia martivi cdebis saSualebiT davadginoT eleqtruli velis ZiriTadiTvisebebi. modi, CavataroT cda da davakvirdeT, rogor `iqceva~ damuxtulisxeulis garSemo arsebul sivrceSi sxva sxeuli.cda I daamzadeT gamtari cilindri: folgisgan gamoWeriT3 x 3 sm zomis kvadrati da mrgval fanqarzegadaaxvieT. fanqari frTxilad gamoaZreT da miRebulcilindrs erTi bolo moukariT. dakideT cilindri Stativis TaTze abreSumisan kapronis ZafiT da damuxteT: SeaxeT mas, mag.,abreSumis qsovilze xaxunisas daeleqtroebuli minisRero. ra niSniT daimuxteba cilindri?sur. 2 kvlav gaaxaxuneT minis Rero abreSumze da miuaxloveT damuxtulcilindrs sakmaod didi manZilidan. daakvirdiT: rogor icvleba Zafisgadaxris kuTxe manZilis SemcirebasTan erTad. axseniT cdis Sedegi.33

eleqtruli veli 2.1sur. 11 sur. 12sur. 13suraTebze Cans im cdis Sedegebi, romelic sxvadasxva damuxtuli sxeulis eleqtruli velisSesaswavlad Caatares: navTSi Setivtivebuli Salis bususebi damuxtuli sxeulis garSemovelis Zalwirebis gaswvriv ganlagdnen. am cdis naxva SesaZlebelia internetSi, misamarTze:http://groups.physics.umn.edu/demo/electricity/movies/5B1040.mov3. eleqtruli velis Zalwirebi erTmaneTs arc exeba da arc kveTs.dafiqrdiTu velis Zalwirebi erTmaneTs gadakveTdnen (an Tundac Seexebodnen),ris maCvenebeli iqneboda es?4. Zalwirebis sixSiris mixedviT SesaZlebelia daZabulobis sididis Sefaseba.dafiqrdi daakvirdi sxvadasxva muxtebis velebis ZalwirTa ganlagebis suraTebs(sur.11,12): sad ufro metia Zalwirebis sixSire, muxtis maxloblad Tu moSorebiT?raze miganiSnebs es? sur. 13-ze gamosaxulia or paralelur damuxtul firfitas Soris velisZalwirTa ganlagebis suraTi (firfitebis zedapirze sididiT toli da sxvadasxvaniSnianimuxti Tanabradaa ganawilebuli). daakvirdi: kideebidan moSorebiT,centrisken, firfitebs Soris Zalwirebi paraleluria. rogor fiqrob,icvleba Tu ara eleqtruli veli sivrcis am nawilSi?eleqtrul vels, romlis daZabuloba sivrcis yvela wertilSi erTnairia, erTgvarovaniewodeba. sivrcis gansazRvrul areSi eleqtruli veli SeiZleba erTgvarovnadCavTvaloT, Tu velis daZabuloba am areSi umniSvnelod icvleba.dafiqrdi daakvirdi sxvadasxva muxtebis velebis ZalwirTa ganlagebis sura-Tebs (sur.11,12). SeiZleba Tu ara es velebi erTgvarovnad CaiTvalos? aris Tu ara veli erTgvarovani:a) paraleluri firfitebis kideebTan (sur.13)? ratom? b) firfitebs Soris?ratom? daxaze, rogori warmogidgenia erTgvarovani velis Zalwirebis ganlagebissuraTi.fiqrisa da gansjisaTvisdaxazeT, rogor aris ganlagebuli eleqtruli velis daZabulobis Zalwirebi,Tu eleq trul vels qmnis: ori paraleluri firfita, romelTa zedapirze Tanabradaa ganawilebulisididiT toli da sxvadasxvaniSniani muxti. ris tolia velis daZabuloba paralelurifirfitebis gareT? Tanabrad damuxtuli sfero. ris tolia sferos SigniT moTavsebulmuxtze moqmedi eleqtruli Zala?37

ici Tu ara, rom...`Gnathonemus petersii~ afrikis Waobebisbinadari Tevzia, romelicTavisi xorTumisebri wanazardiTspilos waagavs, ris gamoc mas asecmoixsenieben: `spilo-Tevzi~.spilo-Tevzi kudis midamoSimdebare specialuri `eleqtruliorganos~ meSveobiT Tavis garSemoeleqtrul vels qmnis. Tevzis sxeuliszedapirze ganlagebuli receptorebiam velis umniSvnelo cvlilebasacki myisierad grZnoben.miuxedavad imisa, rom spilo-Tevzscudi mxedveloba aqvs, TavisimgrZnobiare Sinagani eleqtrosistemanavigaciis araCveulebriv unars aniWebs.spilo-Tevzi gamoscems eleqtrul signalebs, romelTac radaris msgavsadiyenebs, raTa Tavi aaridos dabrkolebas, moZebnos sakvebi, gaeqces mtacebelsda bolos, moZebnos megobrebi. piezoeleqtruli yursasmenis saSualebiTeleqtruli signalebi bgerebad gardaiqmneba (ix.§ 2.6, sur.8). ase rom,Tu spilo-Tevzis `saubrebis~ mosmena gsurs, Sedi internetSi, misamarTze:http://sci-toys.com/scitoys/scitoys/biology/electric_fish/electric_fish.htmlhttp://fishindex.blogspot.com/2009/01/elephant-nose-fish-gnathonemus-petersii.htmlam misamarTebze Sen uamrav sxva saintereso informaciasac naxav.ici Tu ara, rom...gamokvlevebma aCvena, rom zvigenebsunikaluri eleqtromgrZnobiarereceptorebi aqvT: maT SeuZliaT, aramarto iseTi eleqtruli TevzebiaRmoaCinon, romlebic Tavis garSemosakmaod Zlier eleqtrul vels qmnian,aramed im susti eleqtruli velis`danaxvac~ ki ZaluZT, romlebicmikrofloris mieraa generirebuli.magram aRmoCnda, rom zvigenebis`xedvis~ diapazoni arc ise didia,ramdenime metrs ar aRemateba, magram es sruliad sakmarisia imisaTvis, romman msxverpli okeanis fskerze, qviSis qveS damarxulic ki aRmoaCinos.gaige meti zvigenebis eleqtrosensoruli sistemis Sesaxeb:http://animals.howstuffworks.com/fish/electroreception.htmhttp://www.ufgi.ufl.edu/UFGeneticsNews/sharks/Sharks_MCohn1.htm38