biologia - Ganatleba
biologia - Ganatleba
biologia - Ganatleba
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eaqcias, romel Sic monawileobs pigmentis winamorbedis mo lekula. erTi aseTi<br />
molekula ukve dakavSi re bulia fermentTan. fermenti gardaqmnis am molekulebs<br />
pigmentis molekulebad. pig mentis molekulebi grovdeba da wiTlad Re bavs<br />
yvavilis gvirgvinis furclebs.<br />
mutacia iwvevs dnm-s cvlilebas. cilebi, romlebic Secvlili genebiT<br />
warmoiqmneba, Tavis mxriv, iwvevs cvlilebebs – cvlis cilas da, Sesa ba misad,<br />
mcenaris fenotips (sur. 50a).<br />
mutacia SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos qimiuri mu tagenebiT, gamosxivebiT an sxva<br />
faq torebiT. davuSvaT, rom ultraiisferma gamosxivebam daa zia na mcenareuli<br />
ujredis dnm. 50b suraTze asaxul SemTxvevaSi ultra iisferma gamosxivebam<br />
gamoiwvia mutacia da azotovani fuZe Timini Seicvala azotovani fuZe<br />
citoziniT. transkripciis procesSi dauzianebel informaciul rnm-Si unda<br />
yofiliyo azotovani fuZe adenini, magram, am SemTxvevaSi, mis nacvlad `Cajda~<br />
azotovani fuZe guanini. rogorc iciT, informaciul rnm-s sami azotovani fu-<br />
Ze warmoadgens kodons; aRweril SemTx ve vaSi pirveli kodoni normaluria da<br />
warmoiqmneba normaluri aminomJava (a), rac Seexeba Semdeg kodons, masSi moxda<br />
mutacia da warmoiqmna `araswori~ ami nomJava (b). bunebrivia, amis Sedegi<br />
iqneba is, rom, miuxedavad sxva kodonebis sisworisa, cilis molekulaSi moxdeba<br />
cvlileba.<br />
moyvanil magaliTSi cilis molekula monawileobda mcenaris pigmenturi<br />
molekulebis warmoqmnaSi, magram viciT, rom Cveni cilis molekula `gafuWda~,<br />
ris Sedegadac warmoiqmna defeqturi cila, romelsac ar SeuZlia funqcionireba<br />
– pigmenti ar warmoiqmneba. es moaxdens gavlenas yvavilze: igi ar Seifereba.<br />
Tqven darwmundiT, rogor Secvala dnm-s mutaciam yvavilis garegnuli ieri.<br />
zog SemTxvevaSi mutacias SeuZlia letaluri Sedegi – organizmis sikvdili<br />
gamoiwvios. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac genetikuri mutacia ar axdens gavlenas<br />
cilis molekulaze.<br />
1. 51-e suraTze asaxulia<br />
adamianSi genuri mutaciis<br />
nimuSi. gaixseneT eriTro<br />
citebis romel paTologias<br />
iwvevs es mutacia.<br />
G<br />
A<br />
A<br />
C<br />
T<br />
T<br />
glutaminis<br />
mHJava<br />
sur. 51. genuri mutacia<br />
G<br />
T<br />
A<br />
C<br />
A<br />
T<br />
valini<br />
43
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