ITavi

geografia 

saqarTvelos 

maia bliaZe, gia Wanturia, 

daviT kereseliZe, zurab seferTelaZe 

9

Sinaarsi 

I 

Tavi 

I I 

Tavi 

geografiuli mdebareoba 

1. saqarTvelos teritoriis formireba 

8 

2. qarTuli geografiuli azrovnebis istoria 

12 

3. vaxuSti bagrationi – qarTuli geografiis fuZemdebeli 16 

4. saqarTvelos geografiuli mdebareoba 

20 

5. saqarTvelos teritoriis farTobi da sazRvrebi 26 

6. saqarTvelo da kavkasia 

31 

7. saqarTvelo da msoflio 

34 

8. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo wyobileba da 

saxelmwifo simbolika 

36 

9. saqarTvelos teritoriul-administraciuli mowyoba 

Semajamebeli samuSao I 

38 

40 

bunebrivi pirobebi da resursebi 

10. bunebisa da sazogadoebis urTierToba saqarTveloSi 44 

11. mineraluri resursebi 

48 

12. saqarTvelos reliefi – zogadi niSnebi 

53 

13. saqarTvelos umTavresi geomorfologiuri erTeulebi 58 

14. reliefis tipebi 

61 

15. reliefTan dakavSirebuli stiqiuri movlenebi, 

reliefis sameurneo aTviseba 

64 

16. Savi zRva 

70 

17. Savi zRvis sameurneo gamoyeneba da dacva 

74 

18. saqarTvelos hava da ZiriTadi 

klimatwarmomqmneli faqtorebi 

77 

19. havis ZiriTadi elementebi 

81 

20. havis ZiriTadi tipebi 

88 

21. havasTan dakavSirebuli stiqiuri movlenebi. 

atmosferos gaWuWyianeba da dacva 

90 

22. saqarTvelos Siga wylebi 

95 

23. wyalTan dakavSirebuli stiqiuri movlenebi. 

wylis resursebis gamoyeneba da dacva 

88 

104 

24. saqarTvelos niadagebi 

108 

25. miwis resursebi da niadagis dacva 

112 

26. saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari da cxovelTa samyaro 114 

27. tyis resursebis sameurneo gamoyeneba da dacva 

119 

28. bunebis dacva da saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebi 122 

29. saqarTvelos landSaftebi 

Semajamebeli samuSao II 

127 

132

saqarTvelos mosaxleoba 

30. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis demografiuli warsuli 136 

31. mosaxleobis dinamika 

138 

32. mosaxleobis bunebrivi moZraoba 

141 

33. mosaxleobis meqanikuri moZraoba 

145 

34. mosaxleobis sqesobriv-asakobrivi da socialuri struqtura 148 

35. mosaxleobis erovnuli da religiuri struqtura 153 

36. mosaxleobis teritoriuli ganlageba da simWidrove 160 

37. urbanizacia. saqalaqo da sasoflo dasaxlebebi 

165 

III 

Tavi 

saqarTvelos meurneoba 

38. saqarTvelos adgili msoflio ekonomikaSi 

176 

39. saqarTvelos mrewveloba 

180 

40. soflis meurneoba 

187 

41. saqarTvelos transporti 

193 

42. momsaxurebis sfero 

201 

43. turizmi da rekreaciuli meurneoba 

205 

44. tradiciebis geografia 

211 

45. sagareo kavSirebi da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi 

Semajamebeli samuSao III 

215 

220 

IV 

Tavi 

saqarTvelos mxareebi 

46. Tbilisi 

224 

47. kaxeTi 

229 

48. qvemo qarTli 

233 

49. Sida qarTli 

237 

50. mcxeTa-mTianeTi 

241 

51. samcxe-javaxeTi 

246 

52. imereTi 

251 

53. raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi 

255 

54. samegrelo-zemo svaneTi 

259 

55. guria 

263 

56. aWara 

267 

57. afxazeTi 

Semajamebeli samuSao IV 

danarTebi 

272 

277 

279 

VTavi

gagra 

gagris qedi 

2748 

!+ ! m. dombai-ulgeni 

4046 

# kluxoris uR. 

nenskris uR. 

2781 

3202 

beCos uR. 

!+ 

4012 

! axali aToni 

gudauTa geografiuli !. 

mdebareoba 

amtyelis 

tba 

!+ ! 

# 

qvemo aJara 

m. uSba 

4730 mestia 

m. TeTnuldi 

!+ ! 

!+ ! 

4851 

# 

soxumi 

gulrifSi 

# m. Sxara 

!+ ! m. lahili 

5068 

4010 

# 

tyvarCeli 

jvris 

wylsc. 

Seityob: !. 

lentexi 

u sad gadis sazRvari evropasa da azias Soris; 

!+ ! 

!+ 

! galis 

jvari 

u sad mdebareobs saqarTvelo oCamCire da rogoria wylsc. misi !. fizikurgeografiuli, 

ekonomikur-geografiuli !+ !+ 

# 

cageri m. WuTxaro 

/ 

! gali da geopolitikuri 

walenjixa 

!+ ! 

3562 

! 

rioni 

mdebareobis faqtorebi; 

Cxorowyu 

!+ 

!+ ! 

! ambrolauri 

zugdidi 

u sad gadis saqarTvelos sazRvrebi; 

!+ ! 

martvili 

Saoris 

!+ ! wylsc. 

u rogor xdeboda saqarTvelos teritoriis formireba; 

gumaTis 

wylsc. 

xobi !+ !+ xoni wyaltubo 

tyibuli 

u rogoria saqarTvelos teritoriul-administraciuli 

!+ !+ ! senaki 

!+ 

! 

! ! 

WiaTura 

!+ !+ !+ ! tyibulis 

mowyoba. 

! 

wylsc. 

! 

quTaisi 

abaSa!+ ! Terjola 

Savi zRva 

paliastomis 

foTi!. 

!+ !+ ! 

! tba 

varcixis 

lanCxuTi 

samtredia 

zestafoni 

wylsc. 

SeZleb: !+ !+ !+ ! ! 

!+ ! 

vani 

!+ ! 

baRdaTi 

u imsjelo sazRvrebis gatarebis Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb ! xaragauli 

Coxataurida 

!+ ! 

maT mniSvnelobaze; 

!+ ! ozurgeTi 

m. sayornia 

m. mefiswyaro m. samecxvario 

u aRniSno konturul rukaze saqarTvelos sazRvrebi 

# 

qobuleTi 

!+ !+ ! 2755 

2850 

2642 

# 

# 

sxvadasxva epoqis mixedviT; 

! 

# 

m. xino 

u axsna geografiuli mdebareobis ZiriTadi ganmsazRvreli 

2598 

adigeni 

baTumi 

!+ !+ ! 

xulo 

! axalcixe 

faqtorebi; 

xelvaCauri 

!+ 

!+ 

!+ !. !+ ! !+! ! 

m. Saviklde 

! ! qeda 

goderZis uR. 

2850 

Suaxevi 

2025 

vale 

u Seadaro saqarTvelosa da sxva qveynebis geografiuli 

aspinZa!+ ! 

mdebareoba. 

 

m. agefsTa 

# 3256 

k 

riwis tba 

m. arabika 

# 2656 

bzifi 

b 

z i 

f i s 

I 

m. fSiSi 

# 3790 

maruxis uR. 

Tavi 

a v k 

q e 

d 

i 

E 

CxalTis qedi 

CxalTa 

kodori 

a 

k o d o r i 

k o 

l x 

Woroxi 

enguri 

e 

s 

T 

E 

i 

s 

q e d 

rioni 

aWariswyali 

S a v 

i 

xobi 

s d 

m 

S e T 

i 

a 

e 

i s 

s 

v 

E 

e g r i s i s 

b 

enguri 

s 

l 

cxeniswyali 

q e d 

o 

o n 

a 

x e 

i 

b 

E 

n 

E 

e T 

q e d i 

i 

T i 

i s 

# 

m. kenWauli 

s 

q 

e d 

i 

i 

leCxumis 

r 

a 

q 

W 

s 

cxeniswyali 

i 

qedi 

s 

e d 

eruSeTis mTianeTi 

i 

q 

imere 

maRlo 

T 

r 

2992 

mtkvari 

xozafinis tba 

T u r q e T i 

1 sm = 14 km 

0 14 28 42 56 

km

u s e T i 

rioni 

# 

m. yazbegi 

m. Soda 

zogadi cnobebi: 

mamisonis uR. 

5047 

# 3609 

2820 

# 

# 

m. xalawa 

1. farTobi m. – Sani 69 700 kv.km 

stefanwminda 

3938 

!+ ! 4451 

!+ ! oni 

# 

rokis uR. 2. dedaqalaqi – Tbilisi m. tebulosmTa 

2995 

# 

4493 

3. mosaxleoba – 4,6 mln kaci (2002 wlis aRweriT) 

yelis tba 

m. diklosmTa 

jvris uR. 

m. amugo 

# 

# 

4285 

4. mosaxleobis 2370 

simWidrove 3840– 64 kaci 1 kv.km-ze 

erwos tba 

# m. didi borbalo 

saCxere !+ ! java 

5. saxelmwifo ena – qarTuli, 3294 afxazeTis avtonomiur 

! 

respublikaSi aseve afxazuri 

m. Savi klde 

cxinvali 

# 

!. 

6. saxelmwifo wyoba – respublika 3578 

Jinvalis 

axalgori 7. saxelmwifos meTauri – prezidenti 

wylsc. 

!+ ! duSeTi 

TianeTi 

8. fuladi erTeuli 

!+ 

!+ – lari 

! 

! 

axmeta 

sionis 

!+ 9. erovnuli dResaswauli !+ – 26 maisi, 

!+ ! wylsc. 

! 

! qareli 

xaSuri 

!+ ! damoukideblobis dRe 

Telavi 

gori 

!+ 

!+ !+ ! yvareli 

! 

! 

kaspi 10. religia – qristianoba, marTlmadidebloba 

mcxeTa 

borjomi 

!+! 

m. civi 

11. mTavari qalaqebi – quTaisi, # rusTavi, Telavi, 

1991 

!+ ! 

m. arjevani 

Tbilisis 

2757 

wylsc. 

gurjaani 

# 

baTumi, soxumi, WiaTura, sagarejo gori, foTi, zugdidi 

Tbilisi 

!+ !+ 

!Q 

! ! cxrawyaros uR. 

12. administraciuli dayofa – samxareo 

# 2454 tabawyuris 

walkis 

tba 

wylsc. 

algeTis 

!. 

!+ 

!+ ! wnori 

(12 samxareo erTeuli) 

! walka 

wylsc. 

# 

!+ !+ ! ! rusTavi 

siRnaRi 

m. samsari 

3284 

13. sasaaTo sartyeli – me-4 

faravnis 

TeTriwyaro 

!+ 

!+ ! gardabani 

tba 

marneuli 

m. didi abuli 

14. internetkodi – ge !+ !+ ! 

# 

!+ ! 

! 

m. udabno 

3301 

# 

! q v e m o 

878 

bolnisi 

axalqalaqi 

jandaris tba 

dmanisi 

q a r T l i s 

saRamos 

tba 

!+ ! v a k e 

!+ ! ninowminda # 

e 

Tis 

bi 

l 

E 

d 

yvirila 

i x 

mtkvari 

m 

xanCalis 

tba 

q 

s 

i 

i 

T 

e d i 

S i d 

i a l e 

samsaris qd. 

E 

a 

madas tba 

m.WanWaxi 

4461 

T 

q a 

i 

a 

javaxeTis qd. 

r 

s 

T 

liaxvi 

E 

m. emliqli 

3054 

l i 

q e 

v a 

mejuda 

s 

d 

xarulis qedi 

xrami 

E 

v a k e 

i 

alevis qedi 

qsani 

r 

gudamayris qedi 

q 

aragvi 

i 

iori 

a r T l i s q 

saqarTvelo 

e d 

i 

kaxeTis qedi 

g o 

m 

mtkvari 

b o 

alazani 

q 

a 

r i s 

l 

q 

e 

i v r i 

s 

d 

a z n i s 

e 

d 

i 

z e 

g 

iori 

i 

v a k e 

lagodexi 

dedofliswyaro 

a 

n i 

S 

eldaris 

veli 

m. tinovroso 

# 

3374 

alazani 

iraqis vake 

a z e r b a i j a n i 

s o m x e T i

Igeografiuli mdebareoba 

Tavi 

1. saqarTvelos teritoriis formireba 

leqsikoni 

vasali qveyana – qveyana, romelic damokidebulia sxva ufro did da Zlier 

saxelmwifoze. 

suvereniteti – saxelmwifos damoukidebloba 

saqarTvelos teritoria istoriuli drois ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovnad 

icvleboda. 

Zv. w. II aTaswleulis bolos da IU aTaswleulis dasawyisSi istoriuli saqarTvelos 

samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi Camoyalibda ori gaerTianeba: diaoxi 

(tao, taoxi) md. Woroxis auzSi da kolxa (kolxeTi) Savi zRvis aRmosavleT 

sanapiroze. mezobeli teritoriebidan SemoWrili mtrebis ieriSebma diaoxisa 

da kolxas Zlierebas bolo mouRo. 

Zv. w. VI s-Si Tanamedrove saqarTvelos teritoriaze ori politikuri gaer- 

Tianeba Camoyalibda: dasavleT saqarTveloSi – egrisi, igive kolxeTis samefo 

da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi – qarTlis, igive iberiis samefo. kolxeTis samefo 

sakmaod vrcel teritorias moicavda. 

nax. 1.1. saqarTvelo Zv.w. VI-II ss. 

davaleba 

1. nax. 1.1-is mixedviT amoiwere egrisisa da qarTlis samefoebis: 

a) dedaqalaqebi; b) saerisTavoebis centrebi; g) xuTi dasaxlebuli punqti. 

2. moZiebuli informacia Seadare saqarTvelos Tanamedrove rukas (danarTi 2) 

da daadgine dRevandeli saqarTvelos farglebSi: a) romelma dasaxlebulma 

punqtma Seicvala saxeli; b) romeli maTgani aRar arsebobs. 

8

qarTuli saxelmwifoebis teritoriis sidideze udides gavlenas axdenda 

mezobeli saxelmwifoebis agresiuli politika. bizantia da sparseTi erTmaneTs 

ecileboda gavlenis mopovebisTvis. VII saukuneSi saqarTveloSi araboba 

damyarda da saxelmwifos didi nawili arabTa saxalifos daeqvemdebara, ramac 

X saukunis dasawyisamde gastana, Tumca, ukve VIII s-is bolos qveynis ganapira 

provinciebSi damoukidebeli qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis warmoqmna daiwyo. 

unda aRiniSnos, rom axali qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis aRmocenebis, aseve, 

bizantielTa, arabTa, Turq-selCukTa Tu sxva mtrebis winaaRmdeg brZolebis 

fonze, qarTvelebi, miuxedavad teritoriuli danakargebisa, ZiriTadad mainc 

inarCunebdnen TavianT sacxovrebel miwebsa da teritoriebs. 

X-XI ss-is mijnaze saqarTvelos samefoebi gaerTianda, xolo XI–XII ss-Si, 

daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris mefobis xanaSi, es procesi Zlieri, erTiani 

saxelmwifos SeqmniT dasrulda. amave droidan damkvidrda termini `saqarTvelo~. 

imdroindeli saqarTvelos teritoria nikofsiidan darubandamde (derbendi) 

da oseTidan (alania) aragawamde (somxeTi) iyo gadaWimuli. aRsaniSnavia 

isic, rom am dros kavkasiis TiTqmis mTeli teritoria saqarTvelos mefis 

morCilebisa da mfarvelobis qveS moiazreboda. 

monRolTa Semosevebis Semdeg (XIII s.) saqarTvelo umZimes mdgomareobaSi 

aRmoCnda da misi teritoriac TandaTanobiT Semcirda. saqarTvelo or nawilad 

gaiyo da, amavdroulad, samcxe uSualod monRolebs daemorCila. ase gastana 

giorgi V brwyinvales (1314-1346 ww) mefobamde. swored man SeZlo samcxis kvlav 

SemoerTeba da qveynis xanmokle, magram xelaxali gaerTianeba. 

Temurlengis laSqrobebma (1386-1404 ww), mogvianebiT iranelebisa da Turqebis 

agresiulma politikam, CrdilokavkasielTa Semosevebma da, amasTanave, 

Sidapolitikurma rRvevebma erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos daSla gamoiwvia 

da XVI s-is bolos qveyana samefo-samTavroebad daiyo. 

140.4 

134.2 

131.0 

nax. 1.2. 

saqarTvelos 

teritoriis 

cvlileba 

saukuneebis 

ganmavlobaSi 

(aTasi kv. km) 

Zv. w. I aT. II naxevari 

ax. w. I-IV ss 

IX-X ss 

145.0 

134.0 

69.7 

XIII saukune XVIII saukunis II naxevari XX saukune 

davaleba 

3. nax. 1.2 mixedviT aage grafiki `saqarTvelos teritoriis cvlileba~. 

9


Tavi 

nax. 1.3. saqarTvelo XIII saukunis damdegs 

nikofsia 

saqarTvelos erTiani samefo 

kerasunti 

jiqeTi 

biWvinTa 

trapizoni 

trapizonis 

imperia 

afxazeTi 

anakofia 

cxumi 

yivCaRebi 

afSileTi 

odiSi 

raWa 

xunZeTi 

laSarisjvari 

quTaisi 

darubandi 

Sida qarTli 

foTi 

geguTi ufliscixe 

Telavi 

mcxeTa 

lekeTi 

guria 

kaxeTi 

baTumi axalcixe 

Tbilisi 

xornabuji 

Tmogvi 

xufaTi 

varZia 

dmanisi 

hereTi 

Sirvani 

klarjeTi axalqalaqi 

yabala 

artanuji 

svaneTi 

tao 

olTisi 

argveTi 

yarsi 

alania 

anisi 

lore 

ZurZukeTi 

dvini 

didoeTi 

taSiri 

gelaqunis 

tba 

ganja 

saqarTvelos gavlenis sfero 

saqarTvelos moxarke qveynebi 

bardavi 

rani 

Sarvani 

baqo 

erzinjani 

naxWevani 

mahmadabadi 

vanis 

tba 

vani 

Tavrizi 

davaleba 

4. gaaanalize nax. 1.3. gadaixaze da Seavse cxrili: 

sakuTriv saqarTvelos teritoria 

saqarTvelos politikuri gavlenis qveS myofi qveynebi 

XVI-XVIII ss-Si saqarTvelos teritoria iran-osmaleTs Soris ganawilda, rasac 

Tan mohyva mosaxleobis ZaldatanebiTi islamizacia. daikarga teritoriis 

garkveuli nawili. 

XVI s-is meore naxevarSi osmaleTma saqarTvelos Camoacila samcxe-saaTabagos 

feodaluri samTavro, Sah-abasma (XVII s) – lores veli da mdinare debedas 

xeoba (qarTli), kaxeTSi ki kak-eniselis mxare (saingilo) miitaca. 

XIX saukunis dasawyisSi mTeli saqarTvelo ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi 

aRmoCnda. ruseTSi monarqiis damxobas da iq komunisturi reJimis damyarebas 

saqarTvelos gasabWoeba mohyva. am dros saqarTvelom teritoriis garkveuli 

nawili dakarga. 

1991 wels saqarTvelom aRidgina suvereniteti da qveynis teritoria im 

sazRvrebSi, romelic mas ssrk-s (sabWoTa socialisturi respublikebis kav- 

Siri) SemadgenlobaSi yofnisas hqonda. 

10

f 

nax. 1.4. 

saqarTvelo 

XX-XXI 

saukuneebSi 

davaleba 

5. nax. 1.4-is mixedviT daadgine, romeli teritoriebi dakarga gasabWoebis Semdeg 

saqarTvelom. 

6. waikiTxe p. ingoroyvas sityvebi: a) imsjele, Tu rogor gesmis teqstis pirveli 

abzaci. b) axseni saxelmwifoebrivi da kulturuli erTobis mniSvneloba. 

g) rogor fiqrob, ra faqtorebi ganapirobebda saqarTvelos teritoriul 

cvlilebebs? d) aRniSne konturul rukaze teqstSi moxseniebuli rva provincia 

da maTi centrebi. 

`saqarTvelos teritoria klasikurad damTavrebuls, mTlians warmoadgens – 

istoriulad, geografiulad, ekonomikurad da eTnografiulad. saqarTvelos 

sazRvrebi amoxaza oci saukunis istoriam; saqarTvelo aris erTi istoriuli sxeuli, 

SekavSirebuli mravalsaukunovani saxelmwifoebrivi da kulturuli erTobiT... 

saqarTvelos politikuri sazRvrebi xSirad icvleboda warsulSi, magram saqarTvelo 

yovelTvis erTsa da imave teritorias erqva. es aris rva provincia, romelzedac 

qarTveli eri mosaxleobs mTeli misi mravalsaukunovani istoriis manZilze: qarTli, 

kaxeTi, samcxe-javaxeTi, imereTi, guria, samegrelo, svaneTi da afxazeTi~. 

`saqarTvelos teritoriis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb~ 

pavle ingoroyva 

7. aRniSne konturul rukaze saqarTvelos sazRvrebi XIII da XXI saukuneebSi. 

es 

sainteresoa 

u Zveli welTaRricxvis III s-Si, farnavazisa da misi memkvidris saurmagis mefobisas, 

qarTlis samefo sakmaod Zlieri iyo da igi ara marto mTel Tanamedrove 

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed mosazRvre olqebsac ki moicavda. 

swored am dros moxda erTi Ziridan warmoSobili qarTveli tomebis swrafi 

SekavSireba da erTiani qarTveli xalxis Camoyalibeba. savaraudod, qarTuli 

ena oficialur, saxelmwifo enad farnavazis mefobis dros gamocxadda. 

11


Tavi 

2. 

qarTuli geografiuli 

azrovnebis istoria 

saqarTvelos gacnoba da Seswavla xdeboda rogorc adgilobriv, aseve ucxoel 

mkvlevarTa mier. Cveni qveynis geografiuli Seswavlis istoria 5 periodad 

iyofa: 1. antikuri; 2. Sua saukuneebis; 3. aRorZinebis; 4. axali; 5. uaxlesi. 

antikuri periodi Zv. w. VI s-dan axali w. IV s-mde grZeldeboda. saqarTvelos 

Sesaxeb erT-erT pirvel geografiul Sromad iTvleba berZeni istorikosisa 

da geografis, hekate miletelis (Zv. w. VI-V ss) naSromi `miwis aRwera~, sadac 

igi moixseniebs kolxebs, kavkasions, Sav zRvas. 

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb aseve mniSvnelovani geografiuli informaciaa Tavmoyrili 

berZeni mecnierebis SromebSi: hipokrate (Zv. w. V-IV ss, `haerTa, wyalTa 

da adgilTa Sesaxeb~), qsenofonte (Zv. w. V-IV ss, ànabasisi~), skilak kariandeli 

(Zv. w. IV s, `periplusi~), herodote (Zv. w. V s, ìstoria~), apolon rodoseli (Zv. 

w. III s, àrgonavtika~), straboni (Zv. w. II – ax. w. III ss, `geografia~) klavdios ptoleme 

(ax. w. II s, `geografiis saxelmZRvanelo da msoflios ruka~) da sxv. maTs 

TxzulebebSi moxseniebuli da aRwerilia sxvadasxva geografiuli obieqti 

(mdinareebi, mxareebi, qalaqebi, tbebi da a. S.). 

Sua saukuneebis (IV-XVI ss) mecnierTa da mogzaurTa Soris, saqarTvelos 

geografiis, istoriisa da eTnografiis Sesaxeb, yvelaze mniSvnelovan cnobebs 

italieli mogzauri marko polo iZleva. aseve, aRsaniSnavia bizantieli 

istorikosi prokopi kesarieli, somexi mecnieri anania Siraqaci, italieli 

ambrojo kontarini da sxvebi. 

nax. 2.1. marko polo da misi mogzaurobis marSruti 

davaleba 

1. nax. 2.1-isa da msoflios politikuri rukis (danarTi 3) gamoyenebiT aRwere 

marko polos mogzaurobis marSruti. 

12

aRorZinebis epoqa XVI-XVIII saukuneebs moicavs. am periodSi 

kavkasiisa da saqarTvelos geografiuli kvlevebi 

da Seswavla kvlav grZeldeba. saqarTvelos bunebis 

SeswavlaSi didi wvlili Seitanes dasavleT evropelma 

da rusma mogzaurebma da mkvlevrebma. maT Soris gamoir- 

Cevian arqanjelo lamberti, Jan Sardeni da Jozef piton 

turnefori, iohan-anton giuldenStedti, stefane burna- 

Sevi da sxva. maT SromebSi aRwerilia qalaqebi, cixe-simagreebi, 

mTebi, mdinareebi da sxva. ramdenjerme imogzaura 

saqarTveloSi Turqma evlia Celebim. 

axali periodi moicavs XIX saukunes da XX s-is dasawyiss. 

am dros saqarTvelo ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSia 

da, politikuri mosazrebebidan gamomdinare, saqarTveloSi 

geografiuli xasiaTis kvlevebs awarmoebs. swored 

am periodSi ixsneba mravali specialuri dawesebuleba, 

maT Soris, Tbilisis observatoria, Tbilisis botanikuri 

baRi, ruseTis geografiuli sazogadoebis kavkasiis ganyofileba, 

kavkasiis muzeumi; daiwyo qveynis geodeziuri 

agegmva, myinvarebis Seswavla, gamoica rukebi da sxva. 

uaxles, anu Tanamedrove periodSi, geografiuli kvlevebi 

intensiurad mimdinareobs. ixsneba axali samecniero 

da saswavlo centrebi. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva 

iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa geografiuli prognozireba, 

bunebrivi resursebis dacva da racionaluri gamoyeneba, 

mdgradi ganviTarebis problemebi da sxva. 

qarTuli geografiuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas mravalsaukunovani 

istoria aqvs. igi Zveli welTaRricxvis 

VI saukunidan iwyeba. pirveli qarTuli saero Tu saeklesio 

wyaroebi, faqtobrivad, pirvel qarTul geografiul 

wyaroebs warmoadgenen, radganac mTel rig geografiuli 

xasiaTis cnobebs Seicaven. 

nax. 2.2. 

Turqi mogzauri 

evlia Celebi 

nax. 2.3. 

CaxruxaZis 

mogzaurobis 

marSruti 

13


Tavi 

nax. 2.4. efremis 

mogzaurobis marSruti 

Zvel saqarTveloSi, iseve, rogorc sxva qveynebSi, geografia aRwerilobiTi 

xasiaTis iyo. adamianTa garkveul jgufs evaleboda mimdebare qveynebis Sesaxeb 

iseTi cnobebis Sekreba, sistematizacia da codna, rogoricaa, magaliTad: 

saxelmwifo wyoba, mosaxleoba da maTi ganlageba, qalaqebi da soflebi, cixesimagreebis 

mdebareoba da misasvleli gzebi, bunebrivi pirobebi da a. S. es ki maT 

xels Seuwyobda, gaeTvaliswinebinaT momavali brZolis adgilebi. sakuTari 

qveynis Seswavlis mizniT ki tardeboda mamulebis, miwebisa da mosaxleobis 

aRwera, gzebis dadgena da adgilebis SerCeva qveynis sazRvrebis gamagrebisa 

da sasicocxlo savaWro gzebis dacvis mizniT. 

aseTi urTierTobebisTvis saWiro iyo raime grafikuli gamosaxulebebis, 

rukis winamorbedis, Seqmna. qarTvelebi am mizniT iyenebdnen kirbebs, romlebzedac 

naCvenebi iyo im droisaTvis cnobili sazRvao da saxmeleTo gzebi. 

qarTuli saistorio geografiis mniSvnelovani wyaroebia leonti mrovelisa 

(XI s) da juanSeris (XI s) Txzulebani. 

qarTvelebi mogzaurobdnen, aRwerdnen da swavlobdnen rogorc sakuTar, 

ise ucxo qveynebs. maT imogzaures evropis, aziisa da afrikis qveynebSi. 

nax. 2.5. nikoloz irbaxis mogzaurobis marSruti 

14

f 

qarTvel mogzaurTa Soris aRsaniSnavia mwerali CaxruxaZe (XII-XIII ss), ulu 

daviTi da narin daviTi (XIII s), efremi (XIII s), nikoloz irbaxi (ColoyaSvili, 

XVII s), timoTe gabaSvili, iona gedevaniSvili da rafiel danibegaSvili (XVIII 

s) da sxva. me-18 s-Si moRvaweobda sami didi mecnieri – sulxan-saba orbeliani, 

vaxtang VI da vaxuSti bagrationi, romelTac udidesi kvali datoves qarTul 

kulturaSi. 

qarTuli geografiuli azrovnebis ganviTarebaSi aseve didi wvlili Seitanes 

Tavisi SromebiT ioane batoniSvilma (`kalmasoba~), Teimuraz bagrationma 

(`mogzauroba evropaSi~), giorgi avaliSvilma (`samogzauro dRiurebi~), grigol 

batoniSvilma (`mogzauroba~) da sxva. 

XIX s-dan saqarTveloSi iwyeba da XX s-Sic grZeldeba geografiuli kvlevebi. 

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetisa da vaxuSti 

bagrationis saxelobis geografiis institutis geografebs udidesi Rvawli 

miuZRviT qarTuli geografiuli mecnierebis ganviTarebis saqmeSi. im periodis 

geografTa Soris gamorCeuli adgili ukaviaT: aleqsandre javaxiSvils, 

giorgi gextmans, Teofane daviTaias, daviT donduas, mixeil sabaSvils, levan 

maruaSvils, aleqsandre aslanikaSvils, zurab tataSiZes da sxva. 

davaleba 

2. nax. 2.3 – 2.5-isa da msoflios politikuri rukis (danarTi 3) gamoyenebiT aRwere 

qarTvel mogzaurTa marSrutebi, gadaixaze da Seavse cxrili. 

mogzauri 

mogzaurobis marSruti 

... ... 

3. moiZie masalebi romelime qarTveli an ucxoeli mogzauris Sesaxeb da moamzade 

referati. yuradReba gaamaxvile Semdeg sakiTxebze: epoqa, mogzaurobis 

mizani, saSualebebi, sirTuleebi da Sedegebi, riT iyo gamorCeuli es konkretuli 

mogzauroba da ra kvali datova istoriaSi. 

es 

sainteresoa 

u fragnma mecnierma Jan Sardenma 1672-1673 wlebSi imogzaura saqarTveloSi da 

Cveni qveyana vrclad aRwera. swored mas ekuTvnis Tbilisis pirveli suraTigegma. 

u evlia Celebim ramdenjerme imogzaura saqarTveloSi da 40 wlis manZilze 

dawera aTtomiani naSromi `mogzaurobis Tavgadasavali~, romelSic uxvadaa 

warmodgenili masalebi saqarTvelos geografiis Sesaxeb. 

u rusi beris, nestor JamTaaRmwerlis (XI-XII ss) cnobiT, qarTvelebi XI 

saukunemde ukve icnobdnen indoeT-arabeTs. 

u pirveli cnobebi kirbebze, rogorc geografiul rukebze, daculia apolon 

rodoselis (III s) àrgonavtikaSi~. misi cnobiT, `kolxebs axlac Semonaxuli 

aqvT ficrebi (kirbebi), romlebzedac maTi mama-papis mier warwerebia 

gakeTebuli da mogzaurobisTvis naCvenebia yvela gza da wylisa da xmeleTis 

sazRvrebi~. 

15


Tavi 

3. 

vaxuSti bagrationi - 

qarTuli geografiis fuZemdebeli 

gaixsene 

1. istoriis kursidan ra ici vaxuSti bagrationis Sesaxeb? 

2. romel saukuneSi moRvaweobda igi da ra viTareba iyo am dros saqarTveloSi? 

vaxuSti bagrationi qarTuli geografiuli, kartografiuli, 

istoriuli da eTnografiuli mecnierebis 

fuZemdebelia. 

vaxuSti bagrationi-batoniSvili daibada 1696 

wels. igi vaxtang VI-is (ukanono) Svili iyo. man samefo 

karze saWiro aRzrda da ganaTleba miiRo. 

vaxuSti aqtiurad monawileobda qarTlis samefos 

politikur cxovrebaSi. 1721 wels igi TrialeTisa 

da sabaraTaSvilos sadroSos sardali iyo, sadac, 

mamis davalebiT, teritoriis aRwera Caatara. 

vaxuStis Tavisi naSromi àRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~ 

1745 wels moskovSi daumTavrebia. es 

Txzuleba warmoadgens yovelmxriv gamarTul da 

dasrulebul istoriul-geografiul gamokvlevas. 

mas wamZRvarebuli aqvs winasityvaoba `mkiTxvelnax. 

3.1. vaxuSti bagrationi 

TaTvis sityva raisTvis arsebuli Sroma ese~, romelSic 

mokledaa aRwerili Sromis mizani da daniSnuleba. amas mosdevs Sesavali 

`zneni da Cveulebani saqarTvelosani~, ris Semdegac iwyeba ZiriTadi nawili: 

aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa; aRwera awindelisa qarTlisa; aRwera hereTisa, 

kaxeTisa da kuxeTisa, kvalad TuSeTisa da didoeTisa; aRwera awindelisa ovseTisa 

anu kavkasiaTa SinaTa; aRwera saCinoTa adgilebTa samcxe-saaTabagosi; 

aRwera egrisis qveynisa anu afxazeTisa anu imereTisa. 

nax. 3.2. 

vaxuStis mier 

Sedgenili ruka 

16

wigni mTavrdeba saZiebliT. vaxuSti, 

mTeli saqarTvelos zogadi daxasiaTebis 

Semdeg, aRwers calkeul 

msxvil teritoriul erTeulebs. igi 

cdilobs, gaarkvios calkeuli adgilebis 

saxelwodebebis warmoSoba, 

gansazRvravs maT geografiul mdebareobas, 

sazRvrebs; im droisaTvis 

zustad aRwers klimats, mcenareul 

safars, cxovelTa samyaros, bolos 

ki – mosaxleobas. 

àRweraSi~ didi adgili aqvs daTmobili 

`qmnilebebs~ da `Sina Senebulebs~, 

qalaqebs, cixeebs, monastrebs, 

sameurneo, samxedro da samkurnalo 

nagebobebs. TxzulebaSi didi yurad- 

Reba eqceva mTisa da baris Taviseburebebs, 

uxvad aris warmodgenili ekonomikuri 

xasiaTis cnobebi; agreTve, 

nax. 3.3 vaxuSti Tavis naSromebSi sakuTari 

xeliT xatavda saqarTvelos gerbebsa da 

orografiuli, hidrografiuli da 

droSebs. 

meteorologiuri masalebi. amitom, 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi erTdroulad warmoadgens rogorc istoriul-geografiul, 

aseve fizikur da ekonomikur-geografiul naSromsac. 

sainteresoa misi monacemebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis miwaTmoqmedebisa 

da mecxoveleobis Sesaxeb. vaxuSti kulturul mcenareTa ganlagebas 

buneb riv pirobebs ukavSirebs. swored ama Tu im teritoriis niadagur-klimaturi 

pirobebi gansazRvraven vazis, citrusebis da sxva kulturaTa gavrcelebas. 

mis naSromSi moxseniebulia is kulturebic, romlebmac CvenSi TandaTan 

dakarges sameurneo mniSvneloba. es gansakuTrebiT exeba bambasa da brinjs. 

man germaneli mecnieris, aleqsandre humboldtis mier vertikaluri zonalobis 

kanonis Camoyalibebamde gacilebiT adre SeniSna da aRwera es movlena. 

vaxuSti bagrations mxedvelobidan arc bunebis stiqiuri movlenebi gamorCenia. 

vaxuStis ekuTvnis, agreTve, ori geografiuli atlasi. pirveli, 1735 wliT 

daTariRebuli, 5-rukiania, xolo meore, 1745 wels Seqmnili – 19 rukisgan Sedgeba. 

isini im droisaTvis zust kartografiul gamosaxulebebs warmoadgenda. 

rukebis nawili sruliad saqarTvelos asaxavs, nawili ki – mis samTavroebs. isini 

metad saintereso da mniSvnelovan informacias Seicaven. maTze datanilia: 

mdinareebi, tbebi, mTebi, tyeebi, gzebi, xidebi, didi da patara dasaxlebuli 

punqtebi. 

vaxuStis rukebi da Sromebi imdroindel saqarTveloSi kulturisa da mecnierebis 

ganviTarebis maRali donis maCvenebelia. vaxuSti bagrationma geografiis 

ganviTarebas sruliad axali mimarTuleba misca da `qarTul sinamdvileSi 

geografiuli codna geografiul mecnierebad~ aqcia. amavdroulad, igi daexmara 

rus da evropel geografebsa da dainteresebul pirebs saqarTvelosa da 

kavkasiis swor da srul geografiul gacnobaSi. 

17


Tavi 

1752 wels vaxuStim rusulidan Targmna `mokle politikuri geografia~ 

27-rukian msoflio atlasTan erTad, sadac gamosaxulia im droisaTvis cnobili 

yvela qveyana. 

vaxuSti bagrationis mravali Sromidan, aseve, aRsaniSnavia `msoflio geografiis~ 

Targmanic, romlis originaloba imaSia, rom yoveli saxelmwifos daxasia- 

Tebas Tan axlavs amave saxelmwifos ruka. vaxuStis mier Sesrulebuli `msoflio 

atlasi~ warmoadgens msoflio atlasis qarTulad Sedgenis pirvel cdas. 

1755 wels vaxuSti bagrationi m. lomonosovTan erTad monawileobda moskovis 

universitetis daarsebaSi. 

davaleba 

1. rogor gesmis gamoTqma: vaxuStim `qarTul sinamdvileSi geografiuli codna 

geografiul mecnierebad aqcia~. 

2. gaecani qvemoT mocemul citatebs da imsjele vaxuStis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb. 

daalage misi moRvaweobis Sedegebi mniSvnelobis mixedviT: 

`vaxuStis Sroma saistorio wyaroebis esoden safuZvliani Seswavlisa da imdroindeli 

saqarTvelos yofa-cxovrebisa da mdgomareobis Rrma dakvirvebis nayofia, rom 

SemdegSic igi mudam ukvdavebis SaravandediT iqneba mosili da arasdros mniSvneloba ar 

daekargeba~. 

`vaxuStis `saqarTvelos cxovreba~ aris qarTvelTa mravalsaukunovani warsulis 

sazogado filosofiur-istoriuli mimoxilva, romlis msgavsi arc winaT dawerila da 

arc SemdegSi~. 

ivane javaxiSvili 

ìmdenad did mniSvnelobas akuTvnebda vaxuSti geografiul garemos, rom man piradad 

Seadgina saTanado rukebic. vaxuStis geografiuli koncefciebi Tavisi drois msoflio 

mecnierebis simaRlezea da amJRavneben maTi avtoris did erudicias da ubadlo niWs~. 

svimon yauxCiSvili 

`vaxuStis geografias iseTive mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelosTvis, viTarc homerosis 

topografiul SeniSvnebs saberZneTisaTvis~. 

mari brose 

`vaxuStis Sromebi Tavisi istoriuli da geografiuli mniSvnelobiT warmoadgenen 

Zvirfas ganZs, romelnic naTelyofen saqarTvelos kulturuli da mecnieruli 

ganviTarebis maRal dones Zvel saqarTveloSi da Tavisi mdidari SinaarsiT qarTveli eris 

SesaniSnavi mecnieruli memkvidreobaa. man geografia ganviTarebis axal gzaze daayena da 

qarTul sinamdvileSi geografiis codna geografiul mecnierebad aqcia...~ 

giorgi gextmani 

18

f 

davaleba 

3. waikiTxe #qvemoT mocemuli amonaridi vaxuSti bagrationis naSromidan àRwera 

samefosa saqarTvelosa~, daadgine, ra saxis geografiul informacias iZleva 

vaxuSti naSromSi. gadaixaze da Seavse cxrili: 

a) `qalaqi quTaisi, rionis gaRma-gamoRma, haviTa da wyliTa mSveni, TvalTa qveSe mSvenieri 

adgilia~. 

b) `gori – adgili mSvenieri, wyali kargi, garemos aqvs venaxni da walkotni mravalni~. 

g) `tfilisi ars sami qalaqi: tfilisi, kala da isani, hyofs mtkvari~. 

d) `sawires (tyibulTan) iTxreba rkina da ars liToni mravlad~. 

e) `brils (xaSurTan) iTxreba kaJi, friad keTili, mospetako, CaxmaxisaTvis~. 

v) `kacni (Wanebi) arian xelovanni, xis muSakobiTa da SenebiTa nakTaTa didTa da mcireTa~. 

z) àrs mozRudvili mTiuleTi mTiTa, amis gamo magari da Seuvali ars, uvenaxo, uxilo. 

mciremosavliani... wyalTa Sina kalmaxi mravalni, xorci, Tevzni da frinvelni gemoianni~. 

T) `qsani ars sargebliani mdinare da Tevziani~. 

i) `taSirs ars Tafli mravali da spetaki, viTarca Tovli da uwyinari~. 

k) àtens dgeba Rvino warCinebuli~. 

wyaro 

adgilis 

geografiuli 

mdebareoba da 

aRweriloba 

klimaturi da 

hidrografiuli 

informacia 

florisa 

da faunis 

Taviseburebani 

sasargeblo 

wiaRiseulis 

mopovebis 

adgilebi 

mosaxleobis 

sameurneo 

saqmianoba 

... ... ... ... ... ... 

es 

sainteresoa 

u vaxuStis TxzulebaSi àRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~ moxseniebulia 440 

mdinare, 22 tba, mravali mineraluri da mtknari wyaro. sul aRwerilia 770- 

mde geografiuli obieqti.* vaxuStis mier Sedgenili Tbilisis gegma aris 

pirveli topografiuli gegma. manamde iyo ori gegma-naxati, Sesrulebuli 

Sardenisa da turneforis mier. gegmis saxelia: `saxe tbilisisa~, masStabi ki 

1:18000. 

u vaxuStis Tbilisis gegma da qarTlis ruka pirvelad 1747 wels safrangeTSi 

daibeWda. 

u 1752 wels vaxuStim rusulidan Targmna msoflio geografiis saxelmZRvanelo, 

romelsac ucxo cnebaTa ganmartebani daurTo. 

u vaxuStim qarTul sinamdvileSi pirvelma SemoiRo da daamkvidra mTeli rigi 

terminebi: geografia (ReoRrafia), qronologia (xronologia), genealogia 

(Renealogia), istoriografia (istorioRrafia); aseve, man gamoiyena 

qarTulisTvis manamde ucnobi terminebi – akademia, politika, biblioTeka, 

katalogi, tomi, traqtati, fizika, qimia, metafizika, maTematika. 

19


Tavi 

4. saqarTvelos 

geografiuli mdebareoba 

leqsikoni 

geopolitika – gulisxmobs nebismieri qveynis an regionis geografiul, 

socialur-politikur, samxedro, demografiul, ekonomikur da qveynis 

Zlierebis sxva ganmsazRvrel faqtorTa kombinirebul Seswavlasa da Sefasebas. 

landSafti – bunebriv-teritoriuli kompleqsi (btk), romelic erTgvarovani 

geologiuri agebulebiT, reliefis tipiT, haviTa da niadagur-mcenareuli 

safariT xasiaTdeba. 

floristuli areali – xmeleTis an wylis nawili, mcenareTa saxeobebis 

erTobliobiT. 

faunistuli areali – xmeleTis an wylis nawili, cxovelTa saxeobebis 

erTobliobiT. 

ekonomikur-geografiuli mdebareoba (egm) – sawarmoebis, dasaxlebuli 

punqtebis, raionebis, qveynebis, regionebis sivrciTi mimarTeba sxva 

obieqtebTan, romlebsac maTTvis ekonomikuri mniSvneloba aqvT. 

gaixsene 

1. ras niSnavs obieqtis geografiuli mdebareoba? 

2. rogori geografiuli mdebareoba SeiZleba hqondes obieqts? 

3. istoriis kursidan, ra gavlenas axdenda saqarTvelos geopolitikuri 

mdebareoba mezobeli qveynebis interesebze? 

nax. 4.1. 

manZilebi 

Tbilissa da 

msoflios 

sxvadasxva 

qalaqs Soris 

davaleba 

1. gaaanalize nax. 4.1 da upasuxe kiTxvebs: a) romeli qveynebi da qalaqebi mdebareobs 

Tbilisidan ufro axlos? b) romeli qveynebi mdebareobs Tbilisidan 

ufro Sors? g) ra daskvnis gakeTeba SeiZleba? 

20

saqarTvelo mdebareobs evropisa da aziis gzaTa Sesayarze, kavkasiis samxreTdasavleT 

nawilSi. igi samxreT kavkasiis regionSi zRvispira da centraluri 

mdebareobiT gamoirCeva, rac dadebiT gavlenas axdens qveynis ekonomikur 

ganviTarebaze. 

saqarTvelos geografiuli ATLAS DE LA mdebareobis CAUCASE : Sesaxeb pp. 6-7 azrTa sxvadasxvaoba da 

araerTgvarovani midgoma arsebobs. kerZod, sazRvari evropasa da azias Soris 

yuma-maniCis Rrmulze evropis gadis, da romlis aziis mixedviTac sazRvrebi mTeli kavkasia aziaSia moqceuli. 

sazRvari evropisa da aziis mijnaze kavkasionis mTavar wyalgamyof qeds 

miuyveba. amgvari midgoma gansxvavebul klimatur Taviseburebebs eyrdnoba: 

berZeni istorikosisa da geografis herodotes (Cv. w. aR. V s-Si) mixedviT 

sazRvari qveynis or nawils Soris mdinare rions, yvirilasa da mtkvars miuyveba. 

evropasa da azias Soris sazRvari emTxveva saqarTvelos, somxeTisa da azerbaijanis 

saxelmwifo sazRvrebs TurqeTsa da iranTan, romlis mixedviTac mTeli 

kavkasia evropas miekuTvneba. 

es politikur-administraciuli midgomaa. evropasa da azias Soris sazRvris 

dasadgenad, fizikur-geografiul pirobebTan erTad, unda gaviTvaliswinoT 

istoriuli warsuli, tradiciebi, religia, ekonomikis ganviTarebis tendenciebi, 

sameurneo saqmianoba da sxva. am TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelo axlosaa 

samxreT evropisa da balkaneTis qveynebTan. aseve mniSvnelovania qarTveli 

xalxis swrafva evropuli civilizaciisken. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare saqarTvelo 

samxreT-aRmosavleTi evropaa, qarTvelebi ki – evropelebi. 

nax. 4.2. evropa-aziis sazRvari 

ukraina 

azovis 

zRva 

ruseTis federacia 

Savi zRva 

saqarTvelo 

kaspiis 

zRva 

yazaxeTi 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

TurqeTi 

somxeTi azerbaijani 

az. 

TurqmeneTi 

davaleba 

2. gaixsene evropa-azias Soris sazRvris gatarebis versiebi. amoirCie SenTvis misaRebi 

sazRvris gatarebis varianti da aRniSne konturul rukaze. 

kviprosi 

erayi 

irani 

siria 

xmelTaSua 

zRva 

libani 

21

q 


Tavi 

saqarTvelo im uZveles satransporto gzajvaredinze mdebareobs, romelic 

akavSirebda da akavSirebs CrdiloeTisa da samxreTis, dasavleTisa da 

aRmosavleTis qveynebs. swored masze gadioda evropa-aziis damakavSirebeli 

satransporto magistrali – Zveli abreSumis gza. 

saqarTvelo Savi zRviT ukavSirdeba SavizRvispireTis qveynebs, xolo bosforisa 

da dardanelis sruteebiT – xmelTaSua zRvis auzis qveynebs; gibraltaris 

srutiT SesaZlebelia kavSiri mTel msofliosTan, mdinare dunais meSveobiT 

ki – aRmosavleT da centraluri evropis qveynebTan. 

saqarTvelo C. g. 41 0 07' da 43 0 35' da a. g. 40 0 04' da 46 0 44'-s Soris mdebareobs. 

geoteqtonikuri TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelos alpur-himalauri danaoWebis 

vrcel sartyelSi centraluri mdebareoba aqvs. igi iwyeba atlantis okeanis 

sanapiroebidan da moicavs xmelTaSua da Savi zRvebis mimdebare mTian nawilebs, 

wina aziasa da himalais mTianeTebs. 

gagra 

k 

nax. 4.3. saqarTvelos fizikuri ruka 

saerTaS. mniSvn. gza 

!Q saxelmwifos dedaqalaqi 

resp. mniSvn. gza 

! !+ avt. resp. dedaqalaqi 

sxva gzebi 

! !+ mxaris centri 

! 

m. agefsTa 

rkinigza 

!+ raionis centri 

# 3256 

saxelmwifos sazRvari 

!( sakrebulos centri 

riwis tba 

m. arabika 

avt. resp. sazRvari 

!. TviTmmarTveli qalaqi 

# 2656 

m. fSiSi 

# 3790 

mxaris sazRvari 

!( sxva dasaxlebuli punqti 

maruxis uR. 

2748 

raionis sazRvari 

Tbilisi dedaqalaqi 

!+ ! dac. teritoriis sazRvari 

 

m. dombai-ulgeni 

baTumi qalaqi 

4046 

# kluxoris uR. 

nenskris uR. 

jvris uR. uReltexili 

surami daba 

2376 

2781 

3202 

beCos uR. 

# m. Sxara 

korbouli sofeli 

4012 

5068 mwvervali 

!+ ! axali aToni 

amtyelis 

gudauTa !. 

tba 

!+ ! # 

qvemo aJara 

mdinare, arxi 

m. uSba 

 

aeroporti 

4730 mestia 

m. TeTnuldi 

!+ ! 

!+ ! 4851 

tba, wyalsacavi 

porti 

# 

soxumi 

gulrifSi 

# m. Sxara 

!+ ! m. lahili 

5068 

myinvari 

Waobi 

4010 

# 

tyvarCeli 

jvris 

wylsc. 

!. 

lentexi 

!+ ! m.WanWaxi 

4461 

!+ ! galis 

jvari 

oCamCire 

!. 

# 

m. yazbegi 

wylsc. 

# 

m. Soda 

mamisonis uR. 

5047 

!+ !+ ! 

!+ ! 

!+ ! 

! 

!+ ! 

!+ 

/ 

cageri m. WuTxaro 

# 3609 

2820 

# 

gali 

walenjixa 

3562 

# 

m. xalawa 

m. Sani 

stefanwminda 

3938 

4451 

!+ 

rioni 

oni 

# 

rokis uR. 

Cxorowyu 

m. tebulosmTa 

! 

! ambrolauri 

2995 

# 

4493 

zugdidi 

!+ ! 

yelis tba 

m. diklosmTa 

# 

martvili 

Saoris 

jvris uR. 

m. amugo 

# 

4285 

!+ ! wylsc. 

2370 

3840 

gumaTis 

erwos tba 

wylsc. 

# m. didi borbalo 

xoni wyaltubo 

tyibuli 

saCxere !+ 

!+ !+ !+ !+ ! java 

3294 

xobi 

! senaki 

!+ ! ! ! WiaTura 

! 

!+ 

 

!+ !+ ! tyibulis 

! 

wylsc. 

! 

quTaisi 

m. Savi klde 

cxinvali 

# 

abaSa!+ ! Terjola 

3578 

Savi zRva 

!. 

paliastomis 

foTi!. 

!+ !+ ! 

! Jinvalis 

tba 

varcixis 

wylsc. 

lanCxuTi 

samtredia 

zestafoni 

axalgori 

wylsc. 

!+ !+ !+ !+ ! ! 

!+ ! ! duSeTi 

TianeTi 

vani 

!+ 

!+ ! 

!+ ! 

baRdaTi 

! 

axmeta 

! 

!+ xaragauli 

Coxatauri 

!+ !+ ! 

sionis 

!+ ! 

wylsc. 

! 

!+ ! !+ ! qareli 

xaSuri 

! Telavi 

gori 

!+ 


ozurgeTi 

m. sayornia 

m. mefiswyaro m. samecxvario 

! 

! 

# 

kaspi 

qobuleTi 

!+ !+ ! 2755 

2850 

2642 

# 

# 

! 

mcxeTa 

borjomi 

lagodexi 

!+! 

m. civi 

# 

!+ ! 

# 

m. arjevani 

1991 

Tbilisis 

m. xino 

2757 

wylsc. 

gurjaani 

2598 

adigeni 

# 

sagarejo 

 

!+ !+ 

!+ !+ !Q 

! 

! 

baTumi 

 

! 

xulo 

Tbilisi 

! axalcixe 

cxrawyaros uR. 

!+ !+ 

!+ !. !+ ! 

! 

!+ 

! m. Saviklde # 2454 tabawyuris 

walkis 

xelvaCauri ! ! qeda 

goderZis uR. 

2850 

tba 

wylsc. 

algeTis 

Suaxevi 

vale 

!. 

!+ !+ 

!+ ! wnori 

2025 

! ! wylsc. 

walka 

aspinZa 

# 

!+ !+ ! 

! rusTavi 

siRnaRi 

m. samsari 

3284 

faravnis 

TeTriwyaro 

!+ 

!+ ! 

gardabani 

# tba 

marneuli 

m. kenWauli 

m. didi abuli 

!+ !+ ! 

# 

!+ ! 

! 

m. udabno 

2992 

3301 

# 

! q v e m o 

878 

dedofliswyaro 

bolnisi 

axalqalaqi 

jandaris tba 

dmanisi 

q a r T l i s 

saRamos 

tba 

!+ ! 

v a k e 

!+ ! ninowminda # 

gagris qedi 

bzifi 

b 

z i 

f i s 

a v k 

q e 

d 

i 

E 

CxalTis qedi 

CxalTa 

kodori 

a 

k o d o r i 

k o 

l x 

Woroxi 

enguri 

e 

s 

T 

E 

i 

T u r q e T i 

s 

q e d 

rioni 

S a v 

s 

aWariswyali 

i 

xobi 

m 

d 

S e T 

i 

a 

e 

i s 

s 

v 

E 

o n 

a 

E 

n 

E 

e T 

e g r i s i s q e d i 

b 

enguri 

s 

l 

cxeniswyali 

q e d 

o 

x e 

i 

b 

i 

T i 

i s 

s 

q 

e d 

i 

i 

cxeniswyali 

xozafinis tba 

s 

leCxumis qedi 

r 

a 

q 

W 

i 

e d 

s 

eruSeTis mTianeTi 

i 

mtkvari 

q e 

rioni 

imereTis 

maRlobi 

T 

r 

l 

E 

d 

yvirila 

i x 

mtkvari 

xanCalis 

tba 

r u s e T i 

m 

s 

i 

q 

i 

T 

e d i 

S i d 

i a l e 

samsaris qd. 

E 

a 

T 

madas tba 

q a 

i 

a 

javaxeTis qd. 

r 

s 

T 

liaxvi 

E 

m. emliqli 

3054 

l i 

q e 

v a 

mejuda 

s 

d 

xarulis qedi 

xrami 

E 

v a k e 

i 

alevis qedi 

qsani 

E 

r 

gudamayris qedi 

aragvi 

i 

iori 

a r T l i s q 

e d 

i 

kaxeTis qedi 

g o 

m 

mtkvari 

b o 

alazani 

q 

a 

r i s 

l 

q 

e 

i v r i 

s 

d 

a z n i s 

e 

d 

i 

z e 

g 

iori 

i 

v a k e 

a 

n i 

S 

eldaris 

veli 

m. tinovroso 

# 

3374 

alazani 

iraqis vake 


1 sm = 14 km 

0 14 28 42 56 

km 

s o m x e T i 

ufro Rrma -500 -200 -100 0 200 300 500 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 ufro maRali 

22

saqarTveloSi Camoyalibebulia subtropikuli klimaturi sartylis havis 

TiTqmis yvela tipi – notio subtropikuli, zomierad notio, zomierad mSrali, 

mSrali-kontinenturi da sxva. es ganpirobebulia misi subtropikuli da 

zomieri klimaturi sartylebis mijnaze mdebareobiT, aseve bunebrivi barierebis 

– kavkasionisa da samxreT mTianeTis arsebobiTa da Savi zRvis gavleniT. 

evropa-aziis SemaerTebel kavkasiis yelze mdebareobis gamo saqarTveloSi 

erTmaneTs emijneba gansxvavebuli floristuli da faunisturi arealebi. 

dasavleT saqarTvelos baris bunebrivi pirobebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba 

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos barisagan, kavkasionis mTianeTis buneba ki – saqarTvelos 

samxreT mTianeTis bunebrivi pirobebisgan. 

saqarTvelos bunebis Semadgeneli komponentebi (reliefi, hava, wylebi da 

a. S.) sxvadasxva adgilas sxvadasxvanairad arian dakavSirebulni da rogorc 

Tvisobrivad, ise sameurneo gamoyenebis mixedviT, gansxvavebul bunebriv kompleqsebs 

qmnian. saqarTveloSi barisa da mTis klasis 11 ZiriTadi bunebrivi 

landSafti gamoiyofa. 

bunebrivi pirobebis aseTi araerTgvarovneba da Taviseburebebi gavlenas 

axdens da gansazRvravs Cvens qveyanaSi teritoriebis sameurneo aTvisebisa da 

gamoyenebis farTo SesaZleblobebs. 

ekonomikur-geografiuli TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelo evropisa da aziis 

Sesayarze mdebareobs da odiTgan dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis civilizaciebis 

damakavSirebel xids warmoadgenda, SavizRvispira mdebareoba ki mas 

did upiratesobas aniWebs samxreT kavkasiis sxva saxelmwifoebTan SedarebiT. 

nax. 4.4. evropis politikuri ruka 

islandia 

1. estoneTi 

2. niderlandebi 

norvegia 

3. belgia 

4. luqsemburgi 

5. lixtenStaini 

6. Sveicaria 

7. monako 

11. san-marino 

12. slovenia irlandia 

2 

13. xorvatia 

germania poloneTi 

3 

14. bosnia-hercogovina 

15. serbeTi 

4 

CexeTi 

8 

ukraina 

16. bulgareTi 

9 

17. makedonia 

6 

safrangeTi 

ungreTi 

5 12 

18. albaneTi 

13 rumineTi 

19. saqarTvelo 

14 

11 

15 

20. somxeTi 

16 19 

7 

23 

21. azerbaijani 

17 

22. andora 

22 

24 

10 

18 

23. montenegro 

espaneTi 

24. portugalia 

malta 

gaerTianebuli 

samefo 

italia 

avstria 

SvedeTi 

fineTi 

8. slovakeTi 

dania 

litva 

9. moldova 

ruseTi 

10. vatikani 

1 

latvia 

saberZneTi 

belorusi 

ruseTi 

20 

21 

23


Tavi 

saqarTvelos satransporto-geografiuli mdebareoba amJamad metad 

xelsay re lia. sabWoTa kavSirSi yofnisas igi satransporto `CixSi~ iyo da msoflios 

qveynebTan urTierTobas mxolod moskovis gavliT axerxebda. damoukideblobis 

mopovebis Semdeg qveyanam, praqtikulad, satransporto gzajvaredinis 

funqcia SeiZina. 

saqarTvelos xelsayreli satransporto-geografiuli mdebareobis mniSvneloba 

kidev erTxel mas Semdeg dadasturda da gaizarda, roca safuZveli 

Caeyara baqo-sufsisa da baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadenebis mSeneblobas. 

aseve aRsaniSnavia saqarTvelos xelsayreli rekreaciul-geografiuli 

mdebareoba, radganac igi mniSvnelovan turistul-rekreaciul arealebs – 

kavkasionsa da SavizRvispireTs Sorisaa moqceuli. 

kulturul-geografiuli mdebareobis TvalsazrisiT ki, Cveni samSoblo 

samxreT-aRmosavleT evropisa da axlo aRmosavleTis kulturul regionebs 

Soris mdebareobs, rac Tavisebur gavlenas axdens qveynis kulturul cxovrebasa 

da socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebaze. 

qveynis geopolitikuri mdebareoba mezobel qveynebSi arsebuli politikuri 

da ekonomikuri viTarebiT fasdeba. 

saqarTvelos geopolitikuri mdebareoba ganisazRvreba misi urTierTobebiT 

uSualo mosazRvre da aramosazRvre qveynebTan, agreTve, am qveynebSi 

arsebuli politikuri da ekonomikuri situaciebiT. 

saqarTvelos mezobel qveynebad iTvleba misi uSualo mosazRvre da metnaklebad 

daSorebuli saxelmwifoebi. maTi umravlesoba yofili sabWoTa kav- 

Siris respublikebia, danarCenebi ki – yofili socialisturi da axlo aRmosavleTis 

qveynebi. maT Soris mxolod erTaderTi saxelmwifo – TurqeTia 

natos wevri qveyana. 

saqarTvelos geopolitikuri sivrce qristianuli da muslimuri religiebis 

gavrcelebis arealia, amave dros, metad mravalferovani erovnuli SemadgenlobiT 

gamoirCeva. aq mcxovrebi xalxebi 4 enobriv ojaxs miekuTvneba. 

amrigad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos metad xelsayreli geografiuli 

mdebareoba hqonda da aqvs, rac ganapirobebs mis ekonomikur ganviTarebas 

da saerTaSoriso politikur da socialur-ekonomikur procesebSi CarTvas. 

nax. 4.5. saqarTvelos geopolitikur sivrceSi gavrcelebuli enobrivi ojaxebi 

24

f 

nax. 4.6. saqarTvelos ganedebsa da grZedebSi mdebare qveynebi 

davaleba 

3. nax. 4.4-is gamoyenebiT: 

a) CamoTvale saqarTvelos uSualo mezobeli aramosazRvre qveynebi; 

b) gamoarkvie, romel qveynebTan mimarTebaSi aqvs saqarTvelos centraluri, 

periferiuli, mezobluri mdebareoba. 

4. konturul rukaze aRniSne: a) xmelTaSua zRvis auzis qveynebi; b) kaspiiszRvispira 

qveynebi; g) aRmosavleT Yda centraluri evropis qveynebi. 

5. nax. 46-isa da msoflios politikuri rukis (danarTi 3) gamoyenebiT: 

a) gansazRvre, romeli paralelebi da meridianebi gadis saqarTveloze; 

b) kidev romeli qveynebi mdebareobs saqarTvelos ganedebSi; 

g) dawere, rogoria saqarTvelos mdebareoba msoflios politikur rukaze. 

6. evropis konturul rukaze aRniSne: a) SavizRvispireTis qveynebi; b) gansazRvre, 

rogor ukavSirdeba saqarTvelo evropis qveynebs, msoflios qveynebs; 

g) dawere, rogoria saqarTvelos geografiuli mdebareoba SavizRvispireTsa 

da evropaSi (daadgine, evropis romel nawilSi da Savi zRvis romel mxares 

mdebareobs saqarTvelo). 

es 

sainteresoa 

u termini `geopolitika~ pirvelad Svedma mecnierma r. Celenma (1864-1922 

ww) gamoiyena. misi azriT, saxelmwifos arsebobisaTvis samxedro Zliereba 

ufro mniSvnelovani faqtori iyo, vidre kanoni, radganac kanoni ZaliTaa 

gamyarebuli. 

u saqarTvelo TiTqmis Tanabradaa daSorebuli rogorc Crdilo polusidan, 

ise ekvatoridan. 

25


Tavi 

5. 

saqarTvelos teritoriis 

farTobi da sazRvrebi 

leqsikoni 

saxelmwifos teritoria – dedamiwis zedapiris nawili, romelic mocemuli 

saxelmwifos suverenitetis qveS imyofeba, mis farglebSi erTiani Zalaufleba 

da sruli da SeuzRudavi iurisdiqcia vrceldeba. 

qveynis geografiuli centri – adgili, romelic TiTqmis Tanabradaa 

daSorebuli qveynis saxelmwifo sazRvrebidan. 

saxelmwifo sazRvari – xazi, romelic mocemuli saxelmwifos teritoriis 

farglebs sazRvravs. 

teritoriuli wylebi – okeanis an zRvis zoli, romelic ama Tu im saxelmwifos 

napirebs akravs (kunZulebisa da Sida wylebis CaTvliT) da misi suverenitetis 

qveS imyofeba. 

orografia – dedamiwis zedapiris formebis (mTebi, maRlobebi, dablobebi da 

a.S.) zogadgeografiuli maxasiaTeb lebis aRwera da Seswavla 

gaixsene 

1. ra aris geografiuli barieri da geografiuli sazRvari? 

2. ra roli Seasrula bunebrivma barierebma saqarTvelos teritoriis 

formirebaSi? 

saqarTvelos teritoriis farTobi istoriis ganmavlobaSi icvleboda, 

amJamad ki 69700 kv.km-ia. igi dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisken – Savi zRvis napirebidan 

TiTqmis mingeCauris wyalsacavamdea gadaWimuli, CrdiloeTidan 

samxreTisken ki SedarebiT viwroa. teritoriis maqsimaluri ganfeniloba Crdilo-dasavleTidan 

samxreT-aRmosavleTisken 613 km-ia. meridianis gaswvriv, 

CrdiloeT da samxreT wertilebs Soris manZili ki 275 km-s Seadgens. 

saqarTvelos ukiduresi CrdiloeTi wertili afxazeTSi, mdinare fsous napirze, 

sofel aibgasTanaa, samxreTi – mTa okuzdaRTan (somxeTis sazRvarTan), 

dasavleTi – daba leseliZesTan (mdinare fsous SesarTavi) da aRmosavleTi – 

mdinareebis agriCaisa da alaznis SeerTebis adgilzea. 

nax. 5.1. kavkasionis 

mTavari wyalgamyofi 

qedi kavkasionis sistemis 

orografiuli da amave 

dros hidrografiuli 

RerZia, romelic Crdilo 

da samxreT kavkasias yofs. 

qedze mdebareobs jvris 

(xevisyelis), mamisonis 

(WanWaxis), qluxoris da sxva 

uReltexilebi. 

26

saqarTvelos geografiuli centri lixis (suramis) qedis dasavleTiT, xaragaulis 

municipalitetSi mdebareobs. TiToeuli qveyana mezobeli qveynebisgan 

saxelmwifo sazRvriTaa gamoyofili. sazRvrebi SeiZleba iyos barieruli xasiaTis, 

romelic arTulebs mezobel qveynebTan urTierTobas da, kontaqturi, 

romelic piriqiT, xels uwyobs qveynebs Soris urTierTobebs; aseve, sazRvari 

arsebobs dadgenili, romelic aRiarebulia mezobeli qveynebis mier da, sadavo, 

romlis Sesaxeb jer kidev araa miRweuli SeTanxmeba mezobel qveynebs Soris. 

saxelmwifo sazRvari istoriuli kategoriaa da droSi icvleba, radgan 

dakav Sirebulia samxedro-politikur, istoriul da eTnografiul faqtoreb- 

Tan. saqarTvelos sazRvari Cveni qveynis istoriis ganmavlobaSi yvelaze metad 

samxreT da aRmosavleT nawilSi icvleboda; dasavleTi sazRvari Savi zRvis 

akvatorias miuyveba da amJamad saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebiTaa daculi. 

rac Seexeba CrdiloeT sazRvars, igi orografiul barierze – kavkasionze gadis 

da amitomac mkafiodaa dafiqsirebuli. 

saqarTvelos sazRvrebis saerTo sigrZe 1970 km-ia. aqedan, saxmeleToa 1660 

km, sazRvao ki – 310 km. 

nax. 5.2. saqarTvelo da misi mosazRvre qveynebi 

krasnodaris mxare 

72km 

yaraCai-CerqezeTi 

173km 

yabardo-balyareTi 

inguSeTi 

120km 

CeCneTi 

CrdiloeT oseTi 

170km 

58km 

77km 

daRestani 

sazRvari ruseTTan – 813km 

143km 

sazRvari TurqeTTan – 240km 

sazRvari somxeTTan – 194km 

sazRvari azerbaijanTan – 408km 

somxeTi 

azerbaijani 

27


Tavi 

davaleba 

1. nax. 5.2-isa da msoflios politikuri rukis (danarTi 3) gamoyenebiT 

CamoTvale: a)saqarTvelos mosazRvre qveynebi; b) 2-3 dasaxlebuli punqti, 

romlebic somxeTis, azerbaijanis, ruseTisa da TurqeTis sazRvarTan axlos 

mdebareobs. 

saxmeleTo sazRvari qveynis Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi, daba leseliZesTan, 

md. fsous SesarTavTan iwyeba da am mdinaris marjvena sanapiros miuyveba mTa 

agefsTamde. CrdiloeTi sazRvari ZiriTadad kavkasionis mTavar wyalgamyof 

qeds miuyveba, Tumca, mTa vacigkfarsidan mTa Savkldemde sazRvari wyalgamyofi 

qedis CrdiloeTiT – mTa myinvarwversa da gverdiT qedze gadis. 

aRmosavleTi sazRvari mTa tinovrosodan kavkasionis samxreT kalTaze eSveba, 

Semdeg ki mdinare alaznis qvemo dinebas miuyveba mingeCauris wyalsacavamde. 

samxreTi sazRvari Sav zRvasTan, sofel sarfis midamoebSi iwyeba. igi jer 

mdinare tibaSisxevis xeobaze gadis, Semdeg kveTs WaneTis qedsa da mdinare Woroxs 

qvemo dinebaSi, miuyveba SavSeTis qeds, gadakveTs arsianis qeds, gasdevs 

eruSeTis Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawils, gadakveTs mdinare mtkvars, karwaxis 

(xozafinis) tbasa da javaxeTis qeds; gauyveba loqis qeds, gadakveTs mdinare 

debedas, eSveba qvemo qarTlis vakeze wiTel xidTan (xramis da mtkvris Seer- 

Tebis adgili), miemarTeba jandaris tba-wyalsacavisken. bolos, Semouvlis ra 

ivris zegans samxreTidan, miuyveba mdinare ivris marcxena napirs da mingeCauris 

wyalsacavTan aRmosavleT sazRvars uerTdeba. 

nax. 5.3. sofeli sarfi xelvaCauris municipalitetSi md. tobaSis napirebze, saqarTvelosa da 

TurqeTis sazRvarze mdebareobs. sofelSi aris sabaJo-gamSvebi punqti, romelic 1992 wels gaixsna. 

28

nax. 5.4. saqarTvelos sazRvrebi 

md. fsou 

Savi 

zRva 

m. agefsTa 

3256 

uR. maruxi 

uR. qluxori 

md. kodori 

uR. nakra 

md. enguri 

md. cxeniswyali 

mestiis uR. 

uR. waneri 

m. Sxara 

5068 

uR. mamisoni 

uR. roki 

md. rioni 

uR. zekara 

m. vacigskari 

m. tebulo 

4492.6 

m. diklosmTa 

4285 

m. Saviklde 

uR. yadori 

md. aWariswyali 

md. mtkvari 

md. aragvi 

md. alazani 

md. qcia 

md. iori 

m. tinovrosi 

3374 

sof. sarfi 

sazRvris tipebi 

wyalgamyof Txemebze 

mdinareebze 

m. xeva 

2810 

m. kenWauli 

2992 

tba karwaxi 

m. ziareTi 

2803 

m. legli 

3156.9 

m. loqi 

2140.8 

uR. mglebis 

WiSkari 

tba jandara 

mTis zegnebze 

mkveTri fizikur-geografiuli 

erTeulis gareSe 

mwvervalebi absoluturi simaRliT 

ZiriTadi uReltexilebi 

davaleba 

2. nax. 5.4-is gamoyenebiT daadgine: a) romel uReltexilebze gadis saqarTvelos 

sazRvari. daalage isini dasavleTidan aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT; 

b) romel tbebsa da mdinareebze gadis saqarTvelos sazRvari; 

g) romeli mxridan aqvs saqarTvelos barieruli, naklebad barieruli da 

kontaqturi sazRvari. 

dasavleTi sazRvari mdinare fsous SesarTavsa da sofel sarfs Sorisaa 

moqceuli. 

saqarTvelos CrdiloeTi sazRvris sigrZe 813 km-ia, aRmosavleTis – 370 km, 

samxreTisa ki – 472 km. 

nax. 5.5. wiTeli xidi md. xramze 

jer kidev XVII s-is Sua xanebSia 

agebuli. xidis sigrZe 153 m-ia, 

xolo sigane – 4,3 m. mdinaris 

donidan 12-14 m simaRleze 

aRmarTuli xidi gverdebidan 

Suagulisken TandaTan 

maRldeba da mTavari TaRis 

Tavze gardatydeba, ris gamoc 

mas `gatexili xidic~ ewodeba. 

29


Tavi 

davaleba 

3. danarTi 4-is gamoyenebiT: 

a) daajgufe evropis qveynebi farTobebis mixedviT da warmoadgine cxrilis 

saxiT: 

didi qveynebi, 

< 300 000 kv.km-ze 

saSualo qveynebi 

100000 kv.km-dan 

300 000 kv.km-mde 

patara qveynebi 

10000 kv.km-dan 

100 000 kv.km-mde 

juja qveynebi 

>10000 kv.km-ze 

... ... ... ... 

b) cxrilisa da Sen mier Seqmnili legendis gamoyenebiT evropis konturul 

rukaze aRniSne qveynebi farTobebis mixedviT (gamoiyene oTxi sxvadasxva 

feri); g) daadgine, romel jgufSi moxvda saqarTvelo. 

4. gamoiangariSe: a) procentulad ras udris saqarTvelos saxmeleTo da 

sazRvao sazRvrebis sigrZeebi; b) procentulad ramdenia saqarTvelos 

CrdiloeTi, samxreTi, dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi sazRvrebis sigrZeebi da 

aage diagrama. 

5. saqarTvelos konturul rukaze gaavle saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvari 

da aRniSne umniSvnelovanesi wertilebi: ukiduresi wertilebi, geografiuli 

centri da gansazRvre ukiduresi wertilebis geografiuli koordinatebi. 

6. Seni sityvebiT gadmoeci gamoTqma: `kargi sazRvrebi karg mezoblebs qmnian~. 

es 

sainteresoa 

f 

u saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi normebis Sesabamisad, teritoriuli wylebi 

napiridan 12 milis daSorebiT SemoisazRvreba. Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos 

dasavluri sazRvari sanapiro xazidan 22,224 km-is daSorebiT gadis, xolo 

teritoriuli wylebis farTobi – 8,0 aTasi kv.km-ia. aqedan gamomdinare, Cveni 

qveynis farTobi 77 aTas kv.km-s gadaaWarbebs. 

u saxelmwifo sazRvari xelSeuxebelia. mis dafiqsirebas da saerTaSoriso 

aRiarebas win uZRvis: 

a) delimitacia, rac gulisxmobs qveynebs Soris diplomatiuri SeTanxmebis 

Sedegad sazRvrebis dadgenas da rukaze datanas; 

b) demarkacia – sazRvris gatareba da adgilze sasazRvro niSnebiT 

damagreba, agreTve, geografiuli kadastris Sedgena. am samuSaoTa 

Sesrulebas sagareo saqmeTa saministro xelmZRvanelobs. 

30

6. saqarTvelo da kavkasia 

leqsikoni 

mTliani Sida produqti (mSp) – garkveul periodSi (mag., wlis ganmavlobaSi) 

materialuri da aramaterialuri sferos dargebis warmoebis sruli 

Rirebulebis mTliani maCvenebeli. 

diqtatoruli saxelmwifo – saxelmwifo, romelsac erTpirovnulad marTavs 

SeuzRudavi Zalauflebis mqone mmarTveli. 

evropis erT-erTi udidesi fizikur-geografiuli regioni, romlis nawilsac 

warmoadgens Cveni qveyana, kavkasiis saxeliTaa cnobili. misi farTobi 440 

aTasi kv.km-ia. igi evropisa da aziis Sesayarze, alpur-himalaur mTaTa sistemis 

TiTqmis centrSi mdebareobs. 

kavkasiis sazRvrebi aRmosavleTiT, dasavleTiT da CrdiloeTiT mkafiod 

aris gamoxatuli, Tumca amas ver vityviT mis samxreT nawilze. igi pirobiTia 

da ZiriTadad saqarTvelos, somxeTisa da azerbaijanis politikur sazRvarze 

gadis iransa da TurqeTTan. 

geografiuli mdebareobidan da bunebis Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, kavkasias, 

tradiciulad, or ZiriTad nawilad yofen. es aris CrdiloeTi kavkasia 

anu imierkavkasia, da samxreTi kavkasia, anu amierkavkasia. 

Tu daxedavT kavkasiis fizikur rukas, dainaxavT, rom mTavar orografiul 

erTeuls kavkasioni warmoadgens, swored is gvevlineba regionis or ZiriTad 

nawilad gamyof erTeulad. misi umaRlesi mwvervali, ialbuzi (5642 m) mTeli 

evropis umaRlesi mwvervalia. 

kuma-maniCis Rrmulidan samxreTiT kavkasionis Crdilo mTiswineTebamde 

CrdiloeTi kavkasiaa, kavkasionis samxreTuli ferdobebidan iran-TurqeTis 

politikur sazRvramde ki – samxreTi kavkasia. swored aq vrceldeba mTaTa- 

Sorisi bari, mcire kavkasioni, javaxeT-somxeTis mTianeTi da hirkani. 

nax. 6.1. evropisa da kavkasiis 

umaRlesi mwvervali – 

ialbuzi 

31


Tavi 

nax. 6.2 alpur-himalauri mTaTa sartyeli 

Savi zRva 

kaspiis 

zRva 

atlantis 

okeane 

xmelTaSua 

zRva 

afrika 

arabeTis 

n-k 

indostanis 

n-k 

wiTeli zRva 

indoCineTis 

n-k 

arabeTis zRva 

bengalis 

yure 

nax. 6.3. kavkasiis fizikur-geografiuli regionebi 

davaleba 

Savi zRva 

imierkavkasia 

kavkasioni 

Crdilo Savi zRvispireTi 

kolxeTi 

aRmosavleT amierkavkasia 

mcire kavkasioni 

javaxeT-somxeTi 

hirkani 

kaspiis zRva 

1. nax. 6.2 -isa da 

naxevarsferoebis rukis 

mixedviT daadgine, 

romeli mTebi Sedis 

alpur-himalaur mTaTa 

sartyelSi. 

2. nax. 6.3-is mixedviT 

daadgine: 

a) romeli fizikurgeografiuli 

regionebi gamoiyofa 

kavkasiaSi; 

b) romeli maTgani 

vrceldeba 

saqarTvelos 

teritoriaze. 

Cveni samSoblo samxreTi kavkasiis centralur da dasavleT nawils ikavebs. 

mis teritoriaze vrceldeba mTaTaSorisi baris dasavleTi da centraluri 

nawili, aseve mcire kavkasionisa da javaxeT-somxeTis mTianeTis garkveuli 

teritoria. lixis qedi, romelic samxreT kavkasiis mTaTaSoris bars or uTanabro 

nawilad yofs, Taviseburi xidia kavkasionsa da mcire kavkasions Soris. 

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi yalibdeboda kavkasiis politikuri ruka. bolo 

200 wlis manZilze am regionis politikur cxovrebaSi udidesi iyo ruseTisa 

da osmalTa imperiebis, aseve iranis faqtori. aq gabatonebisaTvis mebrZol 

saxelmwifoTa Soris uZlieresi ruseTi aRmoCnda da XIX s. pirveli naxevridan 

aRniSnuli regioni ruseTis imperiis farglebSia. 1917 wels ruseTSi monarqis 

damxobas saqarTvelos, somxeTisa da azerbaijanis `xuTwuTiani~ suvereniteti 

mohyva. gasuli saukunis 20-iani wlebis dasawyisSi samive saxelmwifo ruseTis 

32


maikopi 

adiRea 

novorosiiski 

soxumi 

Cerqeski 

stavropolis mxare 

piatigorski 

yaraCaikislovodski 

CerqezeTi 

nalCiki 

yabardobalyareTi 

grozno 

nazrani 

vladikavkazi 

Crd. oseTi 

inguSeTi 

ruseTi 

CeCneTi 

xasaviurTi 

mahaCyala 

kaspiis zRva 

Savi zRva 

saqarTvelo 

quTaisi 

daRestani 

derbenti 

baTumi 

gori 

Tbilisi 

trapizoni 

rize 

arTvini 

ardahani 

rusTavi 

giumri 

sumgaiTi 

yarsi 

somxeTi 

erevani 

ganja 

azerbaijani 

baqo 

erzrumi 

agri 

azerbaijani 

TurqeTi 

naxiWevani 

xoi 

irani 

nax. 6.4. kavkasiis politikur-administraciuli dayofa 

imperiis nangrevebze aRmocenebulma axalma diqtatorulma qveyanam – ssr 

kav Sirma STanTqa. Tavdapirvelad isini ssrk-is SemadgenlobaSi amierkavkasiis 

federaciis saxiT Sevidnen, Tumca 1936 wlidan ssrk-is axali konstituciis 

safuZvelze mdgomareoba Seicvala da samive respublika damoukidebeli subieqti 

gaxda ssrk-is SemadgenlobaSi. 

ssr kavSiris daSlis Semdeg amierkavkasiis respublikebi damoukidebeli 

saxiT xelaxla gaCndnen msoflios politikur rukaze. 

dReisaTvis kavkasiaSi oTxi suverenuli saxelmwifoa. CrdiloeTi kavkasia 

ruseTis SemadgenlobaSia – aq igi warmodgenilia 7 respublikiTa da ori 

mxariT. aqauri mosaxleoba Zalze Wreli eTnikur-religiuri SemadgenlobiT 

gamoirCeva. rac Seexeba samxreT kavkasias, aq sami damoukidebeli qveyanaa – saqarTvelo, 

somxeTi da azerbaijani. damoukideblobis miRebis Semdeg mniSvnelovnad 

Seicvala regionis da aq mdebare qveynebis geopolitikuri mdebareoba, 

romlis mniSvneloba udavod scildeba kavkasiis masStabebs. 

farTobiT, mosaxleobis raodenobiTa da mSp-is saerTo moculobiT saqarTvelo 

CamorCeba azerbaijans da win uswrebs somxeTs. 

davaleba 

3. nax. 6.4-is mixedviT daasaxele ruseTis federaciaSi Semavali politikur-administraciuli 

erTeulebi, romlebic Cvens qveyanas esazRvrebian. daadgine 

maTi dedaqalaqebi. 

4. Seafase samxreT kavkasiis qveynebis geopolitikuri mdebareobis Taviseburebani. 

rogor fiqrob, rogor Seicvala maTi mdebareoba ssrk-is daSlis Semdeg? 

Seni azriT, romel qveyanas aqvs ufro xelsayreli mdebareoba da ratom? 

33


Tavi 

7. saqarTvelo da msoflio 

leqsikoni 

msoflio ekonomika (meurneoba) – msoflios yvela qveynis erovnuli meurneoba 

msoflios politikur rukaze 190-ze meti suverenuli saxelmwifoa. far- 

Tobis, mosaxleobis raodenobisa da mSp-is saerTo moculobiT isini metad 

gansxvavebuli da Wrelia. iSviaTia qveyana, romelic samive poziciiT msoflios 

udidesi qveynebis xuTeuls avsebdes, magaliTad, kanada farTobiTa da mSp-is 

maCvenebliT msoflios did saxelmwifoTa pirvel aTeulSia, mosaxleobis 

raodenobiT ki msoflio qveynebis pirvel 30 qveyanaSic ar Sedis. iSviaT gamonakliss 

warmoadgens, magaliTad, CineTi – igi mosaxleobiT, farTobiTa da 

mSp-is saerTo potencialiT msoflios qveynebis pirveli xuTeulis wevria. ase 

rom, msoflios yvela qveyana Tavisi zoma-woniT gamoirCeva politikur rukaze 

da, aqedan gamomdinare, sakuTar avtoritets qmnis saerTaSoriso arenaze. 

sainteresoa, Tu rogor gamoiyureba Cveni qveyana msoflio qveynebis saerTo 

fonze SenTvis ukve cnobili sami mniSvnelovani poziciis gaTvaliswinebiT. 

radgan saqarTvelo evropuli qveyanaa, bunebrivia, sainteresoa, Tu rogoria 

misi adgili kontinentis saerTo WrilSi. 

Tavisi geografiuli mdebareobiT saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani geopolitikuri 

wona gaaCnia. farTobis mixedviT, Cveni qveyana evropaSi 22-e adgilzea. 

teritoriis sididiT Cven vaWarbebT danias, belgias, niderlandebs, estoneTs, 

xorvatias da kidev bevr qveyanas. farTobis saerTo maCvenebliT Cven vuaxlovdebiT 

avstrias, CexeTs, azerbaijans, islandias. 

nax. 7.1. kavkasia kosmosidan 

34

yovelive zemoT aRniSnuli mowmobs, rom saqarTvelo farTobis mixedviT 

evropul fonze sakmaod SesamCnevi qveyanaa. Tu mosaxleobis maCvenebels avi- 

RebT evropuli masStabiT, saqarTvelo arc aq aris bolo. Cvens qveyanaSi ufro 

meti adamiani cxovrobs, vidre norvegiis samefoSi, qveyanaSi, romelic farTobiT 

oTxnaxevarjer aRemateba saqarTvelos. 

msoflio ekonomikaSi nebismieri qveynis mdgomareobis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi 

ganmsazRvreli faqtoriT – mSp-is moculobiT, saqarTvelos poziciebi 

evropaSi ocdaaTi qveynis miRmaa. 

Tu saqarTvelos maCveneblebs msoflio masStabebSi ganvixilavT, farTobiT, 

mosaxleobiTa da mSp-is saerTo doniT, Cveni qveyana pirveli aseulis 

wevri namdvilad ar aris. miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelo farTobiTa da 

mosaxleobiT evropisa da aziis bevr qveyanas aWarbebs, igi, farTobis mxriv, 

121-e qveyanaa, xolo mosaxleobiT 117-e adgilzea msoflioSi. 

nax. 7.2. saqarTvelos `msgavsi~ qveynebi 

kviprosi 

Sveicaria 

41,3 aTasi kv.km. 

7,1 mln. kaci 

avstria 


8 mln. kaci 


821 aTasi kaci 

slovenia 


2,1 mln. kaci 

6 mln. kaci 


israeli 

iordania 

92 aTasi kv.km. 

5,6 mln. kaci 

davaleba 

1. msoflios politikuri rukisa (danarTi 3) da internetis gamoyenebiT moiZie 

is qveynebi, romlebic farTobis, mosaxleobis raodenobisa da mSp-is saerTo 

moculobis mixedviT msoflios qveynebis pirvel aTeulSi Sedian. 

2. Seadare saqarTvelo farTobiT, mosaxleobis raodenobiTa da mSp-is moculobiT 

masTan axlo mdgom evropisa da msoflios qveynebs. 

3. internetis saSualebiT moiZie msoflios da evropis 10-10 qveyana, romlebic 

saqarTvelos farTobiTa da mosaxleobis raodenobiT CamorCebian. 

35


Tavi 

8. 

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo wyobileba 

da saxelmwifo simbolika 

leqsikoni 

respublikuri mmarTveloba (respublika) – saxelmwifoebrivi wyobilebis 

forma, romlis dros xelisuflebis umaRles organoebs gansazRvruli vadiT 

irCeven. ganasxvaveben saprezidento, saparlamento da naxevrad saprezidento 

respublikebs. 

saqarTveloSi moqmedebs 1995 wlis 8 agvistos miRebuli konstitucia 2010 

wlis da manamde miRebuli cvlilebebiT. saqarTvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad, 

Cveni qveyana respublikuri mmarTvelobisaa. kanonis ZaliT saxelmwifos 

meTauria prezidenti, romelsac irCeven xuTi wlis vadiT; erTi da imave kandidatis 

arCeva SesaZlebelia ori vadiT. igi xelmZRvanelobs da axorcielebs 

qveynis rogorc saSinao, aseve sagareo politikas da saxelmwifos mTlianobisa 

da erTianobis garantia. 

kanonis Tanaxmad, prezidenti niSnavs qveynis mTavrobis meTaurs – premierministrs, 

ministrebs, elCebs da a. S. igi umaRles doneze iRebs ucxoeTis saxelmwifoTa 

da mTavrobaTa meTaurebs, awyobs saxelmwifo rangis oficialur 

vizitebs sazRvargareT, aniWebs saxelmwifo jildoebs da mxolod mas SeuZlia 

Seiwyalos msjavrdebulebi, SeuZlia daiTxovos parlamenti. 

kanonis Sesabamisad, prezidenti aris saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis 

mTavarsardali. swored igi niSnavs erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos wevrebs. qveynis 

sakanonmdeblo umaRlesi xelisufleba parlaments ekuTvnis. igi Sedgeba 

sayovelTao, Tanaswori da pirdapiri saarCevno uflebebis safuZvelze faruli 

kenWisyriT, oTxi wlis vadiT arCeuli 150 deputatisagan. parlamenti oTxi 

wlis vadiT irCevs Tavmjdomares. parlamentSi umravlesobis mqone politikuri 

partia ayalibebs mTavrobas. mTavroba, romelic Sedgeba premierisa 

da ministrebisagan, pasuxismgebelia prezidentisa da parlamentis winaSe. 

parlamentis wevrad SeiZleba arCeuli iqnas saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqe 25 

wlis asakidan. 

arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba aqvs 18 wels miRweul saqarTvelos yvela 

moqalaqes. 

nax. 8.1. saqarTvelos parlamentis Senoba 

ori korpusisgan Sedgeba. zeda korpusi 

1938 wels aSenda, xolo rusTavelis 

gamzirispira korpusi – 1953 wels. 

korpusebs Sida ezo – vestibiuli 

aerTianebs, romelic kibeebiTa da 

SadrevnebiT miuyveba reliefs. 

amJamad parlamentis axali Senoba q. 

quTaisSi Sendeba, sadac dagegmilia 

parlamentis plenaruli sxdomebis gamarTva. 

36

f 

nax. 8.2. saxelmwifo simbolika 

saqarTvelos himni 

Tavisufleba 

Cemi xatia samSoblo, 

saxate mTeli qveyana, 

ganaTebuli mTa-bari, 

wilnayaria RmerTTana. 

Tavisufleba dRes Cveni 

momavals umRers didebas, 

ciskris varskvlavi amodis 

da or zRvas Sua brwyindeba. 

dideba Tavisuflebas! 

Tavisuflebas dideba! 

leqsis avtori - daviT maRraZe 

musika - zaqaria faliaSvilis 

droSa 

saqarTvelos droSa 

warmoadgens TeTr fons, 

romlis centrSic gamosaxulia 

erTi didi sworkuTxa 

jvari da kuTxeeb- 

Si – oTxi mcire jvari. 

isini zogadqristianuli simboloebia da 

macxovars da oTx maxarebels ganasaxiereben. 

TeTri (vercxlisferi) heraldikurad 

umankoebas, siwmindes, sibrZnes aRniSnavs. 

wiTeli feri ki – mamacobas, vaJkacobas, 

samarTlianobasa da siyvaruls. 

devizi: – `Zala erTobaSia~ 

gerbi 

mewamulisferi faris fonze gamosaxulia wminda 

giorgi. fars zemodan amSvenebs qarTuli, anu iveriuli 

gvirgvini, xolo marcxnidan da marjvnidan faris 

mtvirTvelebad gvevlinebian oqros lomebi. faris 

safuZveli gamosaxavs vazis qarTul stilizebul ornaments, 

Cawnuls sadevize bafTiT. 

internetsaiti 

www.parliament.ge 

davaleba 

1. internetis saSualebiT moiZie msofliosa da evropis respublikuri mmarTvelobis 

5-5 qveyana. 

2. vin aris saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da mTavrobis meTauri? 

es 

sainteresoa 

u gansakuTrebuli saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis gamo saqarTvelos 

parlaments saqarTvelos erovnuli biblioTeka eqvemdebareba. 

37


Tavi 

9. 

saqarTvelos teritoriuladministraciuli 

mowyoba 

dReisaTvis Cveni qveynis teritoriaze 12 administraciul-teritoriuli 

samxareo erTeulia. TiToeuli erTeuli samsafexuriania: sakrebulo-raionimxare. 

Cvens qveyanaSi sul 2 avtonomiuri respublika, 64 municipaliteti, 54 

qalaqi, maT Soris, 5 TviTmmarTveli qalaqi, 44 daba da 3668-mde sofelia. 

nax. 9.1. saqarTvelos teritoriul-administraciuli dayofa 

gagra 

r u s e T i 

saerTaS. mniSvn. gza 

resp. mniSvn. gza 

sxva gzebi 

rkinigza 

saxelmwifos sazRvari 

!Q saxelmwifos dedaqalaqi 

! !+ avt. resp. dedaqalaqi 

! !+ mxaris centri 

! 

!+ raionis centri 

!( sakrebulos centri 

!+ ! avt. resp. sazRvari 

!. TviTmmarTveli qalaqi 

afxazeTis a. r. 

mxaris sazRvari 

!( sxva dasaxlebuli punqti 

raionis sazRvari 

Tbilisi dedaqalaqi 

!+ ! axali aToni 

gudauTa !. 

!+ ! qvemo aJara 

dac. teritoriis sazRvari 

baTumi qalaqi 

jvris uR. 

mestia 

uReltexili 

surami daba 

2376 

!+ ! 

!+ ! 

soxumi 

# m. Sxara 

korbouli sofeli 

gulrifSi 

5068 mwvervali 

!+ ! samegrelo - zemo svaneTi 

mdinare, arxi 

tyvarCeli 

aeroporti 

!. 

tba, wyalsacavi 

porti 

lentexi 

!+ ! myinvari 

Waobi 

!+ ! jvari !. 

raWa - leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi 

oCamCire 

!+ !+ ! 

!+ ! 

!+ ! 

! 

!+ 

!+ 

!+ 

/ 

gali 

cageri 

walenjixa 

stefanwminda 

Cxorowyu 

! oni 

! 

! ambrolauri 

zugdidi 

!+ ! 

martvili!+ ! !+ 

!+ !+ !+ !+ ! java 

xoni wyaltubo 

saCxere 

xobi 

! 

!+ ! ! ! senaki 

WiaTura 

mcxeTa - mTianeTi 

! 

tyibuli 

!+ !+ !+ ! ! 

! 

quTaisi 

cxinvali 

!+ ! Terjola 

abaSa 

!. 

foTi!. 

!+ !+ ! 

! 

lanCxuTi 

samtredia 

zestafoni 

axalgori 

TianeTi 

!+ !+ !+ !+ ! ! 

!+ ! ! duSeTi 

Savi zRva 

vani 

!+ 

!+ ! 

!+ ! baRdaTi 

! 

axmeta 

! 

Coxatauri 

xaragauli 

!+ !+ !+ ! 

!+ ! 

! 

guria 

!+ ! !+ ! qareli 

imereTi 

xaSuri 

! Telavi 

gori 

!+ 


ozurgeTi 

! 

! 

kaspi 

qobuleTi 

Sida qarTli 

mcxeTa 

!+ !+ ! ! 

lagodexi 

borjomi 

kaxeTi 

!+! 

!+ ! 

sagarejo 

adigeni 

baTumi 

!+ !+ 

!+ !+ !Q 

! 

! gurjaani 

aWaris a. r. 

! 

xulo 

Tbilisi 

! axalcixe 

!+ !+ 

!+ !. !+ ! 

! 

!+ ! ! ! qeda Suaxevi 

aspinZa 

walka 

xelvaCauri 

vale 

!. 

!+ !+ 

!+ ! wnori 

! ! TeTriwyaro 

siRnaRi 

!+ !+ ! 

! rusTavi 

samcxe - javaxeTi 

qvemo qarTli !+ 

!+ ! marneuli 

gardabani 

!+ !+ ! 

!+ ! 

! 

axalqalaqi 

! dedofliswyaro 

bolnisi 

dmanisi !+ ! 

!+ ! ninowminda 

E 


T u r q e T i 

1 sm = 14 km 

0 14 28 42 56 

km 

s o m x e T i 

nax. 9.2 saqarTvelos istoriul-geografiuli provinciebi 

eklesia 

 

 

 

 

 

arqeologiuri aRmoCenebi 

 

kldeSi nakveTi qalaqebi 

 

 

 

 

cixe-koSkebi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

cixesimagreebi 

monastrebi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

38

nax. 9.3. saqarTvelos samxareo erTeulebis farTobebi da mosaxleoba 

(afxazeTis mosaxleobis raodenoba aRebulia 1989 wlis aRweris mixedviT) 

afxazeTi: 

raWa-leCxumi-qvemo svaneTi: 

Sida qarTli: 

mcxeTa-mTianeTi: 

farTobi – 8700 kv.km 

mosaxleoba – 525000 

raionebis ricxvi – 6 










samegrelo-zemo svaneTi: 




guria: 




aWara: 




imereTi: 

samcxe-javaxeTi: 

qvemo qarTli: 

Tbilisi: 

kaxeTi: 










farTobi – 36000 ha 






davaleba 

1. Seadare erTmaneTs nax. 9.1 da 9.2 da daadgine, sad emTxveva da sad – ara Tanamedrove 

teritoriul-administraciuli erTeulebi istoriul-geografiul 

provinciebs. 

2. nax. 9.3-is mixedviT gamoTvale: 

a) procentulad ramdens Seadgens TiToeuli samxareo erTeulis farTobi 

da mosaxleobis xvedriTi wili; 

b) miRebuli monacemebiT aage wriuli diagramebi. 

3. nax. 9.3-is mixedviT daadgine: 

a) farTobis mixedviT sami udidesi da sami yvelaze patara samxareo er- 

Teuli; 

b) mosaxleobis raodenobis mixedviT sami udidesi da sami yvelaze patara 

mxare. 

39

Semajamebeli samuSao I 

I. upasuxe kiTxvebs: 

1. romel wels aRidgina saqarTvelom suvereniteti? 

2. ra Rvawli miuZRvis vaxuSti bagrations qarTuli geografiuli mecnierebis 

ganviTarebaSi? 

3. evropa-azias Soris sazRvris gatarebis romeli versiiT xvdeba saqarTvelo 

evropaSi? 

4. romeli mniSvnelovani savaWro gza gadioda saqarTvelos teritoriaze? 

5. rogoria saqarTvelos geopolitikuri mdebareoba? 

6. romelia saqarTvelos ukiduresi CrdiloeTi, samxreTi, dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi 

wertilebi? 

7. romeli mxridan aris SemosazRvruli saqarTvelo barieruli sazRvriT? 

8. sad iwyeba da sad mTavrdeba saqarTvelos samxreTi sazRvari? 

9. romel tbebze gadis saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvari? 

10. romeli mdinareebi kveTs saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvars? 

11. ruseTis federaciaSi Semaval romel subieqtTan aqvs saqarTvelos yvelaze 

grZeli sazRvari? 

12. romel orografiul erTeulebze gadis saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvari? 

13. kavkasiis romel nawilSi mdebareobs saqarTvelo? 

14. romeli mTaTa sartylis teritoriaze vrceldeba kavkasia? 

15. kavkasiis fizikur-geografiuli regionebidan romeli ar vrceldeba saqarTvelos 

teritoriaze? 

16. mosazRvre saxelmwifoebidan romel qveyanas aRemateba saqarTvelo far- 

TobiTa da mosaxleobis raodenobiT? 

17. vin meTaurobs saqarTvelos mTavrobas? 

18. ramdeni wlis vadiT irCeven saxelmwifos meTaurs? 

19. ramden samxareo erTeulad iyofa saqarTvelo? 

20. romeli avtonomiuri respublikebi Sedis saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi? 

II. 

romelia marTebuli msjeloba: 

1. termini `saqarTvelo~ VIII s-is bolodan damkvidrda; 

2. saqarTvelom suvereniteti 1991 wels aRidgina; 

3. vaxuSti bagrations udidesi Rvawli miuZRvis qarTuli geografiuli, kartografiuli, 

istoriuli da eTnografiuli mecnierebebis ganviTarebaSi; 

4. saqarTvelo evropa-aziis gzaTa Sesayarze, kavkasiis samxreT-aRmosavleT 

nawilSi mdebareobs; 

5. saqarTvelos metad araxelsayreli satransporto-geografiuli mdebareoba 

aqvs, rac evraziis Sesayarze misi mdebareobiT aixsneba; 

6. saqarTvelos sazRvrebis saerTo sigrZe 1970 km-ia, aqedan 315 km saxmeleToa, 

danarCeni _ sazRvao; 

7. ialbuzi kavkasiisa da mTeli evropis umaRlesi mwvervalia; 

40

8. saqarTvelos 5 qveyana esazRvreba: ruseTis federacia, somxeTi, azerbaijani, 

TurqeTi da irani; 

9. saqarTvelos konstituciis mixedviT premier-ministri qveynis SeiaraRebuli 

Zalebis mTavarsardalia da igi niSnavs erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos 

wevrebs; 

10. saqarTveloSi 12 administraciul-teritoriuli samxareo erTeulia. 

III. ipove teqstSi Secdomebi da gaaswore: 

1. saqarTvelo evropisa da aziis Sesayarze kavkasiis regionSi mdebareobs. saqarTvelos 

ukiduresi CrdiloeTi wertili mdinare fsous napirze nasoflar 

sarfTanaa, dasavleTi daba leseliZesTan, aRmosavleTi ki mdinareebis 

– alaznisa da mtkvris SeerTebis adgilze. 

2. kuma-maniCis Rrmulidan samxreT kavkasionis Crdilo mTiswinebamde samxre- 

Ti kavkasiaa, xolo kavkasionis samxreTuli ferdobebidan iran-somxeTis 

politikur sazRvramde Crdilo kavkasia. dReisaTvis kavkasiis regionSi 3 

suverenuli saxelmwifoa. 

IV. ipove Secdomebi rukaze da gaaswore: 


maikopi 

adiRea 

novorosiiski 

soxumi 

Cerqeski 

stavropolis mxare 

piatigorski 

yaraCaikislovodski 

CerqezeTi 

nalCiki 

yabardobalyareTi 

daRestani 

grozno 

nazrani 

vladikavkazi 

Crd. oseTi 

inguSeTi 

ruseTi 

xasaviurTi 

mahaCyala 

kaspiis zRva 

Savi zRva 

saqarTvelo 

quTaisi 

CeCneTi 

derbenti 

baTumi 

gori 

Tbilisi 

trapizoni 

rize 

arTvini 

ardahani 

rusTavi 

giumri 

sumgaiTi 

yarsi 

somxeTi 

erevani 

ganja 

azerbaijani 

baqo 

erzrumi 

irani 

agri 

azerbaijani 

naxiCevani 

xoi 

TurqeTi 

41

ITavi

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