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NUMIZMATIKA 4–5 Metraðtis 2003–2004 Straipsniai. Medalininkystë ir faleristika Medaliki... 1910 – Medaliki czæstochowski, Wiadomoúci numizmatyczno-archeologiczne 12, s. 195–196. Mækicki R. 1910a – O medalach i medalikach religijnych, Wiadomoúci numizmatyczno-archeologiczne 5, s. 69–71; 6, s.89–91; 7, 109–110. Mækicki R. 1910b – Medale i medaliki religijne, Biesiada Literacka 47, s. 275–276. Nestorowicz Z. 1997 – Koronacje i koronatki wizerunków Maryjnych w Polsce XVIII wieku, Biuletyn numizmatyczny 3 (307), s. 16–22. Nieznane... 1910 – Nieznane monety i medale, Wiadomoúci numizmatycznoarcheologiczne 12, s. 195–196. Religijotyros… 1991 – Religijotyros þodynas, Vilnius. Rewoliñski T. 1887 – Katolog medali religijnych odnoszàcych siæ do Koúciola Katolickiego we wszystkich krajach dawnej Polski, Kraków. Ruzas V. 1993 – Ðvè. Marijos paveikslo karûnavimo Vilniuje 1750 m. medalis, Voruta 46 (136), p. 1. Ruzas V. 2004 – XVIII amþiaus religiniai medaliukai Lietuvos Didþiojoje Kunigaikðtystëje, Numizmatika 2–3, Metraðtis 2001–2002, Vilnius, p. 41–75. Skrinskas R. G. 1999 – Piligrimo vadovas, Kaunas. Stankevièienë R. 1995 – Antakalnio Jëzus, Katalikø pasaulis 4, p. 21–24. Tokarski J. 1955 – Z dziejów Jasnogorskiego obrazu – Pamiætnik oblæýenia Czæstochowy, London. Trzeúniewski G. 1764 – Ozdoba i obrona Ukraiñskich Krajów…, Berdyczów. Vaiðnora J. 1958 – Marijos garbinimas Lietuvoje, Roma. Vaiðvilaitë I. 2005 – Ðventøjø kultas XVI a. antroje–XVII a. pirmoje pusëje, Ðventieji vyrai, ðventosios moterys, ðventøjø gerbimas LDK XV–XVII a., p. 103–146. Ïîñòíèêîâà-Ëîñåâà Ì. Ì., Ïëàòîíîâà Í. Ã., Óëüÿíîâà Á. Ë. 2001 – Çîëîòîå è ñåðåáðÿíîå äåëî XV–XX â. â. [Òåððèòîðèÿ ÑÑÑÐ], Ìîñêâà. Internetiniai adresai Auðros... 2000 – Auðros Vartai, Dievogarba ir menas. http://www.lcn.lt/paveldas2000_relig/all/b_1_3.htm; 2005 vasario 10. Matka... 2005 – Matka Boýa i úwiæci na znaczkach pocztowych, http://www.free.polbox.pl/a/apkusz/filat41.htm; 2005 lapkrièio 10. Q: What is… 2006 – Q: What is the origin of the custom to place a crown on Mary’s head http://www.udayton.edu/mary/questions/yq/yq123.html; 2006 kovo 1. Thurston H. 2003 – Devotional Medals; http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/ 10111b.htm; 2003 lapkrièio 1. Santrumpos GRD – Lietuvos nacionalinio muziejaus pagrindinio fondo eksponatø pirminës apskaitos ðifras LDM – Lietuvos dailës muziejus, Vilnius LNM – Lietuvos nacionalinis muziejus, Vilnius MP – Lietuvos nacionalinio muziejaus pagalbinio fondo eksponatø pirminës apskaitos ðifras NMK – Nacionalinis muziejus, Krokuva 98
Regina Razaliûnaitë XVIII–XX a. ÐVÈ. MERGELËS MARIJOS ATVAIZDØ KARÛNAVIMO MEDALIUKAI LIETUVOS NACIONALINIAME MUZIEJUJE 18–20TH CENTURY CORONATION MEDALS OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY IN THE COLLECTION OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF LITHUANIA Regina Razaliûnaitë Summary Coronation medals represent some of the most valuable and interesting religious medals reflecting events related to the history of the Church. They are dedicated to the coronations of the images (paintings or sculptures) of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The tradition of the Blessed Virgin Mary image coronation formed in the Middle Ages. The first miraculous painting of the Blessed Virgin Mary was crowned with golden crowns by Pope Gregory III (731–741) in 732 during the fight against the iconoclasts. The emergence of coronation medals is related to the establishment of a special foundation in the Vatican by Count Alessandro Sforza Pallavicini, Dean of the Vatican Chapter, in 1636. The Chapter of the Vatican drew up the rules and the coronation ceremony. To commemorate the coronations, production of medals with the image of the Blessed Mother of God was intended. They were usually contracted by the Vatican Chapter or members of the delegation who presented an application on the coronation of a miraculous portrait of the Blessed Virgin Mary, or by the rector of the church whose portrait was to be crowned. The rules of medal production, mintage and iconography had not yet settled in the 18th century. They were mostly round, or oval with an eyelet (or without it) on more rare occasions. The earliest specimens did not have eyelets, which is why holes were made to wear the medals around one’s neck. Eyelets, which were cast with the medal, were introduced later. When the mold was made, the hole of the eyelet served as a funnel for pouring the metal. Sometimes a ring was attached to the medal on which the eyelet was fixed. The coronation medals found in Lithuania dating back to the 18th century were mostly made in Rome: the majority of them bear the inscription ROMA and lettering in Latin. They do not contain master initials which makes it difficult to attribute them to a particular master. The later ones from the 19th and 20th centuries were made by Polish and, possibly, Lithuanian masters and had inscriptions in Polish. The article reviews 45 coronation medals from the collection of religious medals of the National Museum of Lithuania (LNM). Depending on the occasion for producing the medals, the material is divided into three groups: (1) Medals dedicated to the Papal bull authorising coronation of a miraculous painting. The Papal bull indicated the day of the coronation and coronation official (usually the local bishop). The obverse of the medals contained the image of the crowned Blessed Virgin Mary and the date of signing the bull. These are the rarest of the medals. The LNM holds the medals of the coronation of the paintings of the Blessed Virgin Mary from the churches of Biaùynicze 1756 (Cat. No 1, 2, 3) and Cracow 1764 (19th century copy, Cat. No 4). They were possibly made under the order of the Carmelite Monks. 99
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