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ABSTRACT
The Ombrophyllous Mixed Forest is one of the most threatened forest type, by the
antropic actions, in southern Brazil. This shows the actual vulnerability of this
enviroment, that hosts many plant and animal species; among the animal species
stands out the indian stingless bees, from Melipnina (Hymenoptera, Apidae) subtribe.
This bees have eussocial behavior, and the distribution of their colonies in the natural
forest are still not well known. The aim of this research was to characterise the
eussocial Apini bees (Meliponina, stingless bees; Apina, africanized honeybees)
community in a Ombrophyllous Mixed Forest remanent context, in the Experimental
Canguiri Station, Pinhais County – PR. The method was the census of the arboreous
individuals from this forest, even to the floristic and fitossociologyc analisys, as well
as to the counting of the Meliponina and the eussocial Apina nests. To the counting
of the nests all the trees with DBH (diameter at brest height = 1,30 m) equal to or
over 15 cm were measured and inspected. The tree species with the highest Cover
Value percentege (49,45%) were Ocotea corymbosa (Meisn.) Mez, Araucaria
angustifoia (Bertol.) Kuntze and Myrcia cf. multiflora (Lam.) DC.; the species that had
more multiple trunks were Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsch ex Endl. and Sebastiania
commersoniana (Baill.) L.B. Sm. & Downs; and the species that had more apparent
hollows were P. lambertii and M. cf. multiflora. The tree species used as substract or
support to the nests of the eussocial bee species were O. corymbosa (6 nests); P.
lambertii (5 nests); A. angustifolia, Lithraea brasiliensis Marchand and one dead tree
(2 nests each); Citronella paniculata (Mart.) R.A. Howard, Drymis brasiliensis Miers,
Matayba elaeagnoides Radlk., Ocotea odorifera (Vellozo) Rohwer, S.
commersoniana, Symplocos glanduloso-marginata Hoehne, Zanthoxylum kleinii
(R.S. Cowan) P.G. Waterman and Rollinia sp. (1 nest each). The nest eussocial bees
density was 5,8 nests/ha. The bee nests found were of the species Plebeia emerina
(Friese, 1900) (n=16), Scaptotrigona bipunctata (Lepeletier, 1836) (n=1), Melipona
quadrifasciata Lepeletier, 1836 (n=1), Trigona spinipes (Fabricius, 1793) (n=1) and
Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (n=6). The cleptobiotic bee Lestrimellita sulina Marchi
& Melo, 2006 was observed attacking two diferent nests of P. emerina. The nests
were agregatted according to the Payandeh (P), the Morisita (I) and the Nearest
Neighbor Distance Method (R). The majority of the Apini nests was present in trees
between 20 cm and 49,9 cm of DBH. The P. emerina nests heights were influenced
by the distance from the forest rim. There was an inverse correlation between the
way from where the predominant winds come and the exposure of the nests
entrances. Although the past anthropic interference, and the presence of the invasive
exotic species (A. mellifera), the forest remanent studied still shelter a significant
diversity of eussocial Apini species (H'=1,01).