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Dezembro de 2009 - Vol 16 numero 3 - Sociedade Portuguesa de ...

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Rev Port Med Int <strong>2009</strong>; <strong>16</strong>(3)<br />

ARTIGOS ORIGINAIS<br />

ORIGINAL ARTICLES<br />

Avaliação hemodinâmica <strong>de</strong> doentes em choque: comparação entre ecocardiografia<br />

transtorácica e a termodiluição transpulmonar.<br />

Hemodynamic assessment of patients in shock: comparison between transthoracic echocardiography<br />

and the transpulmonary thermodilution technique.<br />

Tiago Abreu 1 , Regina Henriques 2 , António Dias 2 , Bernardino Páscoa 3<br />

1<br />

Assistente Hospitalar <strong>de</strong> Medicina Interna, 2 Assistente Graduado <strong>de</strong> Medicina Interna, 3 Chefe <strong>de</strong> Serviço <strong>de</strong> Medicina Interna<br />

Unida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital do Espírito Santo-Évora EPE.<br />

RESUMO<br />

Objectivo: Comparar a ecocardiografia transtorácica<br />

com a termodiluição transpulmonar na avaliação do<br />

choque.<br />

Material e Métodos: Estudo prospectivo observacional<br />

em que os doentes admitidos com diagnóstico <strong>de</strong><br />

choque foram avaliados por ecocardiografia<br />

transtorácica e por termodiluição transpulmonar. Foi<br />

feita uma avaliação qualitativa através <strong>de</strong> cada método<br />

no que respeita aos componentes cardiogénico,<br />

hipovolémico e vasomotor do choque. Foi feita uma<br />

avaliação quantitativa através <strong>de</strong> cada método do<br />

volume sistólico.<br />

Resultados :Foram incluídos 27 doentes no estudo,<br />

com uma ida<strong>de</strong> média <strong>de</strong> 68 anos (43 a 85), sendo<br />

63% do sexo masculino. A ecocardiografia e a<br />

termodiluição transpulmonar concordaram na<br />

avaliação do componente cardiogénico em 70% dos<br />

doentes, no componente hipovolémico em 93% e no<br />

componente vasomotor em 74%. Os dois métodos<br />

concordaram na avaliação <strong>de</strong> todos os 3 componentes<br />

do choque em 56% dos doentes. Na avaliação do<br />

volume sistólico, a diferença média entre os dois<br />

métodos foi <strong>de</strong> 21,7ml (0,3 a 119ml).<br />

Conclusão: Neste estudo, a ecocardiografia e a<br />

termodiluição transpulmonar concordaram na<br />

avaliação global <strong>de</strong> todos os componentes do choque<br />

em 56% dos doentes. A concordância foi máxima na<br />

avaliação da hipovolémia (93%). Houve uma diferença<br />

significativa na avaliação do volume sistólico pelos<br />

dois métodos. A ecocardiografia transtorácica, apesar<br />

<strong>de</strong> útil na avaliação da hipovolémia e global inicial <strong>de</strong><br />

doentes em choque, <strong>de</strong>verá ter a sua fiabilida<strong>de</strong><br />

validada em mais estudos, na avaliação global <strong>de</strong>stes<br />

doentes.<br />

Palavras-Chave: hemodinâmica, ecocardiografia,<br />

termodiluição, choque.<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

Objectives: Comparison between transthoracic<br />

echocardiography with transpulmonary thermodilution<br />

technique in the assessment of shock.<br />

Methods: Prospective observational study in a<br />

intensive care unit in a general hospital. Thirty patients<br />

in shock were evaluated by transthoracic<br />

echocardiography (TTE) and by the transpulmonary<br />

thermodilution technique (TTT). A qualitative<br />

evaluation was ma<strong>de</strong> by each method on the<br />

cardiogenic, hypovolemic and vasomotor components<br />

of shock. A quantitative evaluation was also ma<strong>de</strong> by<br />

each method, on stroke volume (SV).<br />

Results: Twenty-seven patients were inclu<strong>de</strong>d in the<br />

study, with a mean age of 68 years (43 to 85). 63%<br />

were male. Echocardiography and the transpulmonary<br />

thermodilution technique agreed on the evaluation of<br />

the cardiogenic component of shock in 70% of the<br />

patients, the hypovolemic component in 93% and the<br />

vasomotor component in 74%. The two methods<br />

agreed on all the components of shock in 56% of<br />

patients. On the evaluation of SV, the mean difference<br />

between the two methods was of 21.7ml (0.3 to<br />

119ml).<br />

Conclusion: In this study, echocardiography and<br />

transpulmonary thermodilution technique agreed on<br />

the global qualitative assessment of all the<br />

components of shock in 56% of patients. The<br />

agreement was maximum on the evaluation of<br />

hypovolemia (93% of patients). There was a significant<br />

difference on the SV measured by the two methods.<br />

Transthoracic echocardiography, although useful in the<br />

monitoring of hypovolemia and the initial evaluation of<br />

shocked patients, needs more studies to better <strong>de</strong>fine<br />

its reliability on the global evaluation of these patients.<br />

Keywords: hemodynamics, echocardiography,<br />

thermodilution, shock.<br />

Correspondência:<br />

Tiago Abreu<br />

Hospital do Espírito Santo<br />

Portugal<br />

INTRODUCTION<br />

The management of critical care patients<br />

inclu<strong>de</strong>s the optimization of hemodynamic<br />

parameters 1 . These parameters can be<br />

organized as preload (central venous pressure,<br />

pulmonary-artery-occlusion pressure), afterload<br />

(systemic vascular resistance in<strong>de</strong>x) or inotropic<br />

(cardiac output and in<strong>de</strong>x) parameters. There are<br />

several methods for the evaluation of these<br />

parameters, including several catheter based<br />

methods, ranging from the pulmonary-artery<br />

catheter to the usual central venous catheter, and<br />

non invasive methods, such as transthoracic<br />

echocardiography. Although there are several<br />

11

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