Kombinationseffekter av föroreningar (pdf 385 kB) - Naturvårdsverket

More documents

Recommendations

Info

SWECO VIAK Kombinationseffekter av föroreningar bedömning av blandningseffekter, att ge forskarsamhället i uppdrag att modernisera och kvalificera riskanalysmetoder för kemikalieblandningar och att låta göra detaljanalyser av kombinationseffekter av grupper av strukturellt heterogena kemikalier, t.ex. läkemedelssubstanser. 7
English summary SWECO VIAK Kombinationseffekter av föroreningar This report addresses the challenges associated with the calculation of the toxicity of mixtures of chemicals and the estimation of environmental and health risks of those mixtures. It is obvious that practical limitations precludes toxicity testing of all possible combinations of chemicals and concentrations – for instance, testing the toxicity of all combinations of only 10 individual chemicals would require at least 1000 separate assays. As an alternative, the evaluation of mixture toxicity and risk is based on mathematical and statistical modelling. The reader is introduced to the most common models to classify and calculate mixture toxicity. Included are models assuming that 1) the chemicals act independently of each other in the organisms; 2) the chemicals have the same mechanism of toxicity, affect the same endpoint, or have the same chemical structure; 3) the chemicals interact with each other in synergistic or antagonistic ways. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models describing metabolism and toxicity of mixtures are briefly presented, and new approaches to use quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to estimate toxicity of mixtures from predicted chemical characteristics of the mixtures are reviewed. Reviews of the scientific literature shows that the toxicity of 75-80 % of known mixtures of two to four chemicals can be safely calculated by concentration addition, which means that the contribution of each component to the mixture toxicity is proportional to its concentration in the mixture. Schematic decision trees are constructed in the report to help the assessor to evaluate the toxicity and risk of complex mixtures of more or less unknown composition. Whole mixture toxicity test at different concentrations is the simplest approach, although sometimes cumbersome if one or several components are very toxic. Mixtures can be fractionated based on successive bioassays, fractionated and recombined, fractionated in combination with identification and toxicity testing of the 10 most risky components, and chemically identified in combination with a multivariate effects analysis. Since the number of complex mixtures in the environment is just formidable, the report reviews efforts to develop criteria to prioritise among them and presents list of prioritised mixtures containing similar components, mixtures of known and predictable composition, and mixtures of occasional composition or appearance. The environmental and health risk of mixtures is often expressed by an index by which the exposure to an individual component is compared to a guideline or regulatory value of the 8
Page 1 and 2: SWECO VIAK Rapport 2008 Kombination
Page 3 and 4: SWECO VIAK Kombinationseffekter av
Page 5: SWECO VIAK Kombinationseffekter av
Page 9 and 10: Målsättning med arbetet SWECO VIA
Page 13 and 14: karbamater/uretaner/ estrar av karb
Page 17 and 18: Fullständig positiv korrelation SW
Page 49 and 50: Dioxiner SWECO VIAK Kombinationseff
Page 57 and 58:
Bilagor SWECO VIAK Kombinationseffe
Page 59 and 60:
Bilaga 2 Kemiska blandningar där d
Page 61 and 62:
Referenser SWECO VIAK Kombinationse
Page 63 and 64:
SWECO VIAK Kombinationseffekter av
Page 65 and 66:
SWECO VIAK Kombinationseffekter av
show all

Kombinationseffekter av föroreningar (pdf 385 kB) - Naturvårdsverket

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?