Lyman alfa-skogen

IK Pegasi 17
där d(pc) är distansen i parsek. Se:
Majewski, Steven R. (2006). ”Stellar Motions” (http:/ / www. astro. virginia. edu/ class/ majewski/ astr551/ lectures/ VELOCITIES/ velocities.
html). University of Virginia. . Läst 2007-05-14.
[17] Wilson, Ralph Elmer: General catalogue of stellar radial velocities (http:/ / adsabs. harvard. edu/ abs/ 1953QB901. W495. . . . . ), Carnegie
Institution of Washington, 1953. Hämtat 2007-05-14.
[18] Med Pytagoras sats får man hastigheten genom:
km/s.
där är radialhastigheten och är den tvärgående hastigheten, respektivt.
[19] Burleigh, M. R.; Barstow, M. A.; Bond, H. E.; Holberg, J. B.: Provencal, J. L.; Shipman, H. L.; MacDonald, J.; Goodchild, S.: Proceedings
12th European Workshop on White Dwarfs (http:/ / adsabs. harvard. edu/ abs/ 2001ASPC. . 226. . 222B) ”Resolving Sirius-like Binaries with
the Hubble Space Telescope”, Astronomy Society of the Pacific, San Francisco 28 juli – 1 augusti 1975, sid. 222. ISBN 1-58381-058-7.
Hämtat 2007-02-27.
[20] A. Gautschy, H. Saio (1995). ” Stellar Pulsations Across The HR Diagram: Part 1 (http:/ / adsabs. harvard. edu/ abs/ 1995ARA& A. . 33. . .
75G)”. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 33: ss. 75–114. doi: 10.1146/annurev.aa.33.090195.000451 (http:/ / dx. doi. org/ 10.
1146/ annurev. aa. 33. 090195. 000451). . Läst 2007-05-14.
[21] För en förklaring av stjärnfärgerna, se ”The Colour of Stars” (http:/ / outreach. atnf. csiro. au/ education/ senior/ astrophysics/
photometry_colour. html). Australia Telescope Outreach and Education. 21 december 2004. . Läst 2007-09-26.
[22] Templeton, Matthew (2004). ”Variable Star of the Season: Delta Scuti and the Delta Scuti variables” (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/
20061026110020/ http:/ / www. aavso. org/ vstar/ vsots/ summer04. shtml). AAVSO. Arkiverad från originalet (http:/ / www. aavso. org/
vstar/ vsots/ summer04. shtml) den 26 oktober 2006. . Läst 2007-01-23.
[23] Smith, Gene (16 april 1999). ”Stellar Spectra” (http:/ / casswww. ucsd. edu/ public/ tutorial/ Stars. html). University of California, San Diego
Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences. . Läst 2007-05-19.
[24] J. G. Mayer, J. Hakkila (1994). ” Photometric Effects of Binarity on AM Star Broadband Colors (http:/ / adsabs. harvard. edu/ abs/
1994AAS. . . 184. 0607M)”. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 26: ss. 868. . Läst 2007-05-14.
[25] Anonym (2005). ”Stellar Lifetimes” (http:/ / hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/ hbase/ astro/ startime. html). Georgia State University. . Läst
2007-02-26.
[26] Staff (August 29, 2006). ”White Dwarfs & Planetary Nebulas” (http:/ / chandra. harvard. edu/ xray_sources/ white_dwarfs. html).
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. . Läst 2007-06-09.
[27] Heger, A.; Fryer, C. L.; Woosley, S. E.; Langer, N.; Hartmann, D. H. (2003). ” §3, How Massive Single Stars End Their Life (http:/ / adsabs.
harvard. edu/ abs/ 2003ApJ. . . 591. . 288H)”. Astrophysical Journal 591 (1): ss. 288–300. doi: 10.1086/375341 (http:/ / dx. doi. org/ 10. 1086/
375341). . Läst 2007-08-14.
[28] Seligman, Courtney (2007). ”The Mass-Luminosity Diagram and the Lifetime of Main-Sequence Stars” (http:/ / cseligman. com/ text/ stars/
mldiagram. htm). . Läst 2007-05-14.
[29] Staff (August 29, 2006). ”Stellar Evolution - Cycles of Formation and Destruction” (http:/ / chandra. harvard. edu/ edu/ formal/ stellar_ev/
story/ index4. html). Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. . Läst 2006-08-10.
[30] Richmond, Michael (October 5, 2006). ”Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars” (http:/ / spiff. rit. edu/ classes/ phys230/ lectures/
planneb/ planneb. html). Rochester Institute of Technology. . Läst 2007-06-07.
[31] Darling, David. ”Carbon burning” (http:/ / www. daviddarling. info/ encyclopedia/ C/ carbon_burning. html). The Internet Encyclopedia of
Sciencs. . Läst 2007-08-15.
[32] Savage, D. Jones, T.; Villard, Ray; Watzke, M. (August 6, 1997). ”Hubble Separates Stars in the Mira Binary System” (http:/ / hubblesite.
org/ newscenter/ archive/ releases/ 1997/ 26/ text/ ). HubbleSite News Center. . Läst 2007-03-01.
[33] Oberhummer, H.; Csótó, A.; Schlattl, H. (2000). ” Stellar Production Rates of Carbon and Its Abundance in the Universe (http:/ / www.
sciencemag. org/ cgi/ content/ full/ 289/ 5476/ 88)”. Science 289 (5476): ss. 88–90. doi: 10.1126/science.289.5476.88 (http:/ / dx. doi. org/ 10.
1126/ science. 289. 5476. 88). PMID 10884230. . Läst 2007-06-07.
[34] Iben, Icko, Jr. (1991). ” Single and binary star evolution (http:/ / adsabs. harvard. edu/ abs/ 1991ApJS. . . 76. . . 55I)”. Astrophysical Journal
Supplement Series 76: ss. 55–114. doi: 10.1086/191565 (http:/ / dx. doi. org/ 10. 1086/ 191565). . Läst 2007-03-03.
[35] Gil-Pons, P.; García-Berro, E. (2001). ” On the formation of oxygen-neon white dwarfs in close binary systems (http:/ / adsabs. harvard. edu/
abs/ 2001astro. ph. . 6224G)”. Astronomy and Astrophysics 375: ss. 87–99. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20010828 (http:/ / dx. doi. org/ 10. 1051/
0004-6361:20010828). . Läst 2007-05-15.
[36] Woosley, S. E.; Heger, A. (2002). ” The Evolution and Explosion of Massive Stars (http:/ / www. ucolick. org/ ~alex/ Preprints/ RMP. pdf)”
(PDF). Reviews of Modern Physics 74 (4): ss. 1015–1071. doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.74.1015 (http:/ / dx. doi. org/ 10. 1103/ RevModPhys.
74. 1015). . Läst 2007-05-30.
[37] De vita dvärgarna är noggrant fördelade omkring den genomsnittliga massan på 0,58 solmassa, och bara 2%. Se:
Holberg, J. B.; Barstow, M. A.; Bruhweiler, F. C.; Cruise, A. M.; Penny, A. J. (1998). ” Sirius B: A New, More Accurate View (http:/ / www.
iop. org/ EJ/ article/ 0004-637X/ 497/ 2/ 935/ 36707. html)”. The Astrophysical Journal 497 (2): ss. 935–942. doi: 10.1086/305489 (http:/ / dx.
doi. org/ 10. 1086/ 305489). . Läst 2007-05-15. av alla vita dvärgar hat minst en solmassa.
[38] ”Estimating Stellar Parameters from Energy Equipartition” (http:/ / www. sciencebits. com/ StellarEquipartition). ScienceBits. . Läst
2007-05-15.
[39] km.