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funeko kwixesha le-hIV<br />
1994<br />
E-Uruguay<br />
Isivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe ekuthiwa yi-Trade<br />
Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights<br />
(TRIPS) siyayilwa, esichaphazela onke amazwe<br />
angamalungu oMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi.<br />
Esi sivumelwano sifuna ukuba amazwe athobele<br />
umthetho welungelo lomenzi – oko kumisela umda<br />
kwinani lamachiza akhuphisanayo emarikeni, loo nto<br />
ke igcine amaxabiso wephezulu. Ukusukela ekubeni<br />
unyango lomgca wokuqala nolomgca wesibini<br />
lusabonelelwa ngamalungelo abenzi, luhlala lubiza<br />
kakhulu kwaye lufumaneka kakhulu kumazwe<br />
anengeniso ephezulu. Amazwe anengeniso<br />
ephakathi kunye nesezantsi aye anyanzeleke ukuba<br />
alinde kude kuphelelwe imihla yamalungelo abenzi,<br />
okanye ade amachiza anebrendi ehlise amaxabiso<br />
ngokuhamba kwexesha.<br />
iller, courtesy MSF<br />
1998<br />
EMzantsi Afrika<br />
I-<strong>Treatment</strong> <strong>Action</strong><br />
<strong>Campaign</strong> (TAC)<br />
iyasekwa ukuze ifune<br />
inkxaso yofikelelo<br />
olukhulu kunyango<br />
lwe-HIV lwabo bonke<br />
abantu baseMzantsi<br />
Afrika.<br />
2005<br />
Kwihlabathi jikelele<br />
Ilungelo lomenzi<br />
le-AZT’liyaphelelwa,<br />
okokuvunyelwa<br />
iinguqulelo ezininzi<br />
zoosinga machiza.<br />
Ichiza liyafumaneka<br />
ngama-R670 ngomntu<br />
ngamnye ngonyaka,<br />
libiza ngaphantsi ngama-<br />
20% kunenguqulelo<br />
enelungelo lomenzi<br />
kunye nasezantsi<br />
ngama-87% kunexabiso<br />
lakuqala.<br />
2006<br />
EMelika (United<br />
States)<br />
I-Atripla, ipilisi<br />
yokuqala enye,<br />
indibaniselwano<br />
yedosi emiselweyo<br />
yakanye ngemini<br />
kusetyenziswa<br />
unyango<br />
lwendibaniselwano<br />
yamachiza<br />
amathathu,<br />
ivunyiwe.<br />
1997<br />
E-Brazil<br />
I-Brazil iphumeza ukunikwa<br />
kwemvume yamachiza<br />
okunyanzelekileyo, oko<br />
okuvumela abenzi ukuba<br />
bavelise iinguqulelo<br />
ezingoosinga machiza<br />
zamachiza anamalungelo<br />
abenzi. Ngokungawahoyi<br />
amalungelo omenzi,<br />
amaxabiso ehla kakhulu<br />
kwaye ufikelelo kunyango<br />
lwenyuke. UMzantsi Afrika<br />
zange uke unyanzelise<br />
imvume enyanzelekileyo.<br />
1994<br />
EMelika<br />
I-AZT esetyenziswa ngabasetyhini<br />
abakhulelwe kufumaniseka<br />
ukuba ilwehlisa ngama-70%<br />
usulelo olusuka kumama lusiya<br />
emntwaneni.<br />
Ifoto ngu-Talia Frenkel/American Red Cross 1994<br />
EMelika<br />
Unyango oluSebenza ngamandla<br />
kaKhulu lwe-Antiretroviral (Highly<br />
Active Antiretroviral Therapy)<br />
(HAART), olunendibaniselwano<br />
yee-ARVs ezininzi luyayilwa. Le<br />
indlela yonyango olunamandla ibiza<br />
ama-R36,000-R55,000 ngomntu<br />
ngamnye ngonyaka. I-HAART<br />
ayiyikufumaneka eMzantsi Afrika de<br />
ibe ngu-2004.<br />
2007<br />
E-Thailand<br />
Urthulumente<br />
wase-Thai<br />
ukhupha iimvume<br />
ezinqumamisa<br />
amalungelo abenzi<br />
kumayeza abizayo<br />
nayimfuneko,<br />
evumela<br />
ukungeniswa<br />
elizweni koosinga<br />
machiza be-ARVs.<br />
1996<br />
EMelika<br />
I-Post-exposure prophylaxis<br />
(PEP), ikhosi emfutshane<br />
yamachiza e-ARV, kwenziwa<br />
isincomo sayo ekwehliseni<br />
ingozi yosulelo lweHIV emva<br />
kokungakhuseleki okunengozi<br />
kakhulu kwizibonelelo<br />
zokhathalelo lwempilo, oko<br />
kusehlisa usulelo ngama-79%.<br />
I-PEP ayiyikufumaneka eMzantsi<br />
Afrika de ibe ngu-2002.<br />
Ifoto nguMalusi Mbatha<br />
2007<br />
EMzantsi Afrika<br />
Uyilo lweSicwangciso<br />
seSizwe se-HIV/AIDS and<br />
STIs (NSP) iyaziswa, lujolise<br />
ukubeka ama-80% abantu<br />
abafuna unyango kwii-ARVs<br />
ngo-2011.<br />
1996<br />
E-Brazil<br />
Inkqubo yokuqala<br />
yesizwe esimahla ye-ARV<br />
iyaziswa ngurhulumente<br />
onengeniso esezantsi.<br />
2010<br />
EMzantsi Afrika<br />
Ngaphandle kwenkqubela<br />
enkulu eyenziwe<br />
kwiminyaka engama-20<br />
edlulileyo, ngaphantsi<br />
kwesiqingatha sabo baphila<br />
ne-HIV bafuna unyango<br />
abanofikelelo kulo.<br />
15
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