masalebi da maTi Tvisebebi
masalebi da maTi Tvisebebi
masalebi da maTi Tvisebebi
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maia bliaZe • rusu<strong>da</strong>n axvlediani • <strong>da</strong>viT kereseliZe<br />
buneba<br />
5<br />
moswavlis wigni
Sinaarsi<br />
1<br />
<strong>masalebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>maTi</strong> <strong>Tvisebebi</strong><br />
1. ra aris masala 9<br />
2-3. masalis SerCeva <strong>da</strong> gamoyeneba 11<br />
4. xe, qviSa <strong>da</strong> Tixa 13<br />
5. liTonebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>maTi</strong> gamoyeneba 17<br />
6. ra aris mina 21<br />
7. qaRaldi <strong>da</strong> plastmasa 23<br />
2<br />
sxeuli <strong>da</strong> nivTiereba<br />
8. sxeuli <strong>da</strong> nivTiereba 28<br />
9. nivTierebis sami mdgomareoba 31<br />
10-11. nivTierebis mdgomareobis cvlileba 35<br />
12. wylis mniSvneloba bunebaSi 38<br />
3<br />
yvavilovani mcenareebi<br />
13. mcenareTa mravalferovneba 42<br />
14. mcenaris fesvi 44<br />
15-17. mcenaris Rero 46<br />
18. mcenaris sunTqva 49<br />
19-20. mcenaris kveba 51<br />
21. yvavili 53<br />
22. yvavilis <strong>da</strong>mtverva 56<br />
4<br />
orientireba<br />
23. horizontis mxareebi 60<br />
24. ra aris orientireba 62<br />
25. rogor gavignoT gza 64<br />
26-27. kompasi 67<br />
28-29. gagneba adgilobrivi niSnebiT 71
5<br />
gegma <strong>da</strong> ruka<br />
30-31. adgilis gegma 74<br />
32-33. ruka <strong>da</strong> rukis legen<strong>da</strong> 77<br />
34. rogori rukebi arsebobs 80<br />
35. sad mdebareobs saqarTvelo 83<br />
36. saqarTvelos ruka 85<br />
6<br />
geografiuli obieqtebi<br />
37. kontinentebi 87<br />
38. okeaneebi 90<br />
39. zRvebi, yureebi, sruteebi... 93<br />
40. xmeleTi okeaneSi 96<br />
41. evropa 99<br />
42. azia 104<br />
43. CrdiloeT amerika 109<br />
44. samxreTi amerika 113<br />
45. afrika 116<br />
46. avstralia 120<br />
47-48. antarqti<strong>da</strong> 123<br />
7<br />
cxovelebi<br />
49. cxovelebis mravalferovneba 127<br />
50. uxerxemlo cxovelebi 129<br />
51. xerxemliani cxovelebi 131<br />
52. ConCxis mniSvneloba 133<br />
53. rogor sunTqaven xerxemlianebi 136<br />
54. ra amoZravebs sisxls 140<br />
55. saWmlis moneleba 142
6<br />
8<br />
orientireba<br />
56. sinaTlis gavrceleba 145<br />
57-59. Crdili 147<br />
60-61. sinaTlis arekvla 150<br />
62. sinaTlis gar<strong>da</strong>texa 153<br />
63. bgerebis warmoqmna 156<br />
64. BGEbgerebis gavrceleba 158<br />
65. BGEbgeris arekvla 160<br />
66. BGEeqos gamoyeneba 163<br />
67. BGEbgerebis STanTqma 165<br />
68. BGEbgera <strong>da</strong> sinaTle 167<br />
9<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
69. pirveli <strong>da</strong>xmarebis tramvebis dros 170<br />
70. msubuqi Wrilobebi 172<br />
71. sisxldenebi 174<br />
72. pirveladi <strong>da</strong>xmareba travmebis dros 178<br />
73. janmrTeloba <strong>da</strong> garemo 181<br />
10<br />
sinaTle <strong>da</strong> bgera<br />
74-75. usafrTxo laSqroba 184<br />
75. yvela wyali sasmelad ar gamodgeba! 187<br />
76. Sxamiani mcenareebi <strong>da</strong> sokoebi 188<br />
77. gamoiCine sifrTxile cxovelebTan... 191<br />
11<br />
garemos <strong>da</strong>cva<br />
78. ra aris bunebrivi resursebi 194<br />
79. rogori bunebrivi resursebi arsebobs 196<br />
80. amouwuravi bunebrivi resursebi 198<br />
81. aRudgeneli bunebrivi resursebi 200<br />
82-83. tyis resursebi 204<br />
84. wylis resursebi 206<br />
85-87. bunebrivi resursebis meoreuli gamoyeneba 210
7<br />
leqsikoni 212<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi 1 218<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi 2 220<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi 3 221<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi 3a 222<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi 4 223<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi 5 224<br />
logoebis ganmartebebi<br />
gaixsene<br />
gaixsene naswavli masala<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirveba<br />
praqtikuli samuSao<br />
es sainteresoa<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiTi informacia TemasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />
ifiqre<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT rTuli, saazrovno kiTxvebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>imaxsovre<br />
ZiriTadi debulebebi<br />
!<br />
usafrTxoebis wesebis <strong>da</strong>cva<br />
yvela weriTi samuSao SeasruleT rveulSi.
<strong>masalebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>maTi</strong><br />
<strong>Tvisebebi</strong><br />
1<br />
Tavi<br />
Seityob:<br />
rogori <strong>masalebi</strong> arsebobs;<br />
rogor iyenebs a<strong>da</strong>miani liTons, xes,<br />
navTobs, qviSas...<br />
rogor mzaddeba qaRaldi, plastmasa...<br />
ratom iyeneben sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sxeulis<br />
<strong>da</strong>samzadeblad sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva masalas.<br />
SeZleb:<br />
ganasxvavo bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> xelovnuri <strong>masalebi</strong>;<br />
cdebis safuZvelze <strong>da</strong>adgino, ra <strong>Tvisebebi</strong>T<br />
xasiaTdeba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva masala;<br />
SearCio masala sxeulis <strong>da</strong>samzadeblad.
<strong>masalebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>maTi</strong> <strong>Tvisebebi</strong> 9<br />
1. ra aris masala<br />
savarjiSo<br />
Cven irgvliv arsebuli yvela sagani sxeulia.<br />
isini raRac masalisgan aris <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli. Seni<br />
wigni, merxi, tansacmeli, saTamaSo, manqana, saxli,<br />
skola, matarebeli <strong>da</strong> sxva yvelaferi masalisganaa<br />
<strong>da</strong>mzadebuli.<br />
zogierT masalas a<strong>da</strong>miani bunebisgan iRebs. maT<br />
bunebrivi masala hqvia, magaliTad, matyli, tyavi <strong>da</strong><br />
abreSumi cxovelebisgan miiReba; xe-tye, bamba, seli <strong>da</strong><br />
kauCuki – mcenareebisgan; rkina, oqro, Tixa, qvanaxSiri<br />
<strong>da</strong> navTobi ki miwis wiaRSi moipoveba.<br />
1. <strong>da</strong>akvirdi suraTze<br />
gamosaxul sxeulebs <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>adgine, ra masalisgan<br />
aris TiToeuli maTgani<br />
<strong>da</strong>mzadebuli<br />
bambas bambis buCqisgan iReben.<br />
misgan Zafs arTaven, bambis<br />
qsovilebs amzadeben <strong>da</strong><br />
tansacmels keraven.<br />
savarjiSo<br />
2. Seixede Sens garderobSi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>adgine, Seni<br />
tansacmli<strong>da</strong>n romelia <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli cxoveluri<br />
masalisgan <strong>da</strong> romeli – mcenareuli masalisgan<br />
matyls cxvris bewvisgan iReben.<br />
mas tansacmlis, xaliCebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>samzadeblad iyeneben.
10<br />
Tavi 1<br />
Cven a<strong>da</strong>mianis mier Seqmnil masalasac viyenebT.<br />
maT xelovnuri <strong>masalebi</strong> hqvia. xelovnuri masalis<br />
<strong>da</strong>samzadeblad sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva bunebriv masalas anu<br />
nedleuls iyeneben. a<strong>da</strong>mianis mieraa Seqmnili<br />
mina, plastmasa, qaRaldi, betoni <strong>da</strong> mravali sxva.<br />
magaliTad, plastmasebis umetesobas navTobisgan<br />
amzadeben. am SemTxvevaSi navTobi nedleulia.<br />
zogjer xelovnur masalas bunebrivi masalis<br />
Sesacvlelad iyeneben.<br />
3. ra gansxvavebaa bunebriv <strong>da</strong><br />
xelovnur masalas Soris<br />
4. <strong>da</strong>adgine, suraTze naCvenebi<br />
sxeulebi<strong>da</strong>n romelia<br />
<strong>da</strong>mzadebuli bunebrivi <strong>da</strong><br />
romeli – xelovnuri masalisgan<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
5. Sea<strong>da</strong>re erTmaneTs sityvaTa ori rigi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>adgine, ra niSniT aris <strong>da</strong>jgufebuli<br />
bamba wyali tyavi<br />
qaRaldi betoni<br />
matyli xe qva<br />
rezini plastmasa<br />
6. <strong>da</strong>adgine, ra masalisgan SeiZleba<br />
iyos <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli TiToeuli<br />
sxeuli<br />
sarke<br />
kari<br />
makrateli<br />
saxazavi<br />
Wiqa fanqari<br />
tafa<br />
karis saxeluri<br />
manqanis saburavi<br />
xaliCa<br />
7. CamoTvlili sxeulebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
amowere mxolod bunebrivi<br />
masalisgan <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli sxeulebi.<br />
CamoTvale is xelovnuri <strong>masalebi</strong>,<br />
romlebiTac SesaZlebelia <strong>maTi</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>mzadeba.<br />
rezinis burTi<br />
Salis win<strong>da</strong><br />
tyavis fexsacmeli<br />
plastmasis saTamaSo<br />
minis Wiqa<br />
bambis maisuri<br />
oqros beWedi<br />
xis skami<br />
8. <strong>da</strong>adgine Sens saklaso oTaxSi<br />
arsebuli sxeulebi ra masalisganaa<br />
<strong>da</strong>mzadebuli, ga<strong>da</strong>ixaze <strong>da</strong> Seavse<br />
cxrili:<br />
bunebrivi masala<br />
xelovnuri masala
2-3. masalis SerCeva <strong>da</strong> gamoyeneba<br />
<strong>masalebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>maTi</strong> <strong>Tvisebebi</strong> 11<br />
masala<br />
xis<br />
masala<br />
savarjiSo<br />
xis<br />
xis<br />
kibe<br />
skami<br />
s x e u l i<br />
xis<br />
magi<strong>da</strong><br />
kovzi<br />
oqros<br />
kovzi<br />
s x e u l i<br />
vercxlis<br />
kovzi<br />
1. <strong>da</strong>akvirdi sqemebs <strong>da</strong> Sea<strong>da</strong>re isini erTmaneTs.<br />
Seni azriT, kidev romeli sxeulebi SeiZleba<br />
<strong>da</strong>mzaddes erTi <strong>da</strong> imave masalisgan <strong>da</strong> romeli<br />
masala SeiZleba gamoiyeno sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sxeulis<br />
<strong>da</strong>samzadeblad<br />
zogjer, erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave sxeuls sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva masalisgan<br />
amzadeben, zogjer ki erTi masalisgan sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
sxeuli mzaddeba. sxeulis <strong>da</strong>mzadebisas aucilebelia<br />
<strong>masalebi</strong>s sworad SerCeva. masalas sxeulis<br />
<strong>da</strong>niSnulebisa <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebis mixedviT arCeven.<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
mSeneblobaSi qvas, betonsa <strong>da</strong> rkinas iyeneben,<br />
radgan es <strong>masalebi</strong> magari <strong>da</strong> mtkicea. Seni saklaso<br />
oTaxis fanjrebSi minaa Casmuli imitom, rom mina<br />
gamWvirvalea <strong>da</strong> mzis siTbosa <strong>da</strong> sinaTles atarebs.<br />
2. am sxeulebis <strong>da</strong>samzadeblad sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva masalaa<br />
gamoyenebuli.<br />
a) <strong>da</strong>adgine, ra masalisganaa <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli TiToeuli<br />
maTgani<br />
b) rogor fiqrob, ratom gamoiyenes maT<br />
<strong>da</strong>samzadeblad swored es masala<br />
g) SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom es sxeulebi sxva<br />
masalisgan yofiliyo <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli axseni ratom<br />
fexsacmels, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d,<br />
tyavis an rezinisgan<br />
amzadeben, radgan es orive<br />
masala gamZlea.<br />
3. Seni azriT, romeli fexsacmeli<br />
ufro mosaxerxebelia, xis Tu<br />
rezinis ratom fiqrob ase
12<br />
Tavi 1<br />
4. ra gansxvavebaa masalasa <strong>da</strong> sxeuls Soris<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
5. rogor fiqrob:<br />
a) ratom amzadeben botebs rezinisgan<br />
b) ratom ar keraven sacurao kostiums Salis qsovilisgan<br />
6. <strong>da</strong>akvirdi suraTebs <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>adgine, am sxulebisTvis sworad aris Tu ara masala<br />
SerCeuli rogor fiqrob, ra moxdebo<strong>da</strong>, es sxeulebi marTlac rom am masalisgan<br />
<strong>da</strong>emzadebinaT<br />
aguris sarke<br />
qaRaldis kari<br />
qvis leibi<br />
minis skami<br />
7. <strong>da</strong>xate velosipedi <strong>da</strong> mis TiToeul nawils miuwere, ra masalisgan <strong>da</strong>amzadebdi.<br />
axseni, ratom gamoiyenebdi am masalas<br />
8. <strong>da</strong>akvirdi suraTs:<br />
a) <strong>da</strong>adgine, riT gansxvavdeba es xelTaTmanebi erTmaneTisgan;<br />
b) amoiwere isini, romlebic bunebrivi masalisgan aris <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli;<br />
g) ra SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba TiToeuli maTgani<br />
Salis<br />
celofnis<br />
tyavis<br />
naWris<br />
rezinis
<strong>masalebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>maTi</strong> <strong>Tvisebebi</strong> 13<br />
4. xe, qviSa <strong>da</strong> Tixa<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
1. <strong>da</strong>akvirdi naxatebs. rogor fiqrob, ratom SearCies<br />
am sxeulebis <strong>da</strong>samzadeblad xis masala<br />
xe, qviSa <strong>da</strong> Tixa bunebrivi masalaa.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani xes, rogorc masalas, uZvelesi droi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
iyenebs. igi aSenebs saxlebs, navebs, amzadebs avejs,<br />
Tbeba SeSiT. xis ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebis Sedegad qaRalds,<br />
muyaos, foto <strong>da</strong> kino firebs, saRebavs, qsovils <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
amzadebs.<br />
xis masalis gamoyenebisas didi yuradReba eqceva xis<br />
saxeobas. magaliTad, fiWvis, soWisa <strong>da</strong> naZvis xeebisgan<br />
miRebuli masala Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT rbilia, advilad iWreba<br />
<strong>da</strong> muSavdeba. muxa <strong>da</strong> aryis xe gamZlea, amitom maT<br />
mSeneblobaSi <strong>da</strong> avejis <strong>da</strong>samzadeblad iyeneben.<br />
es sainteresoa!<br />
de<strong>da</strong>miwis mosaxleobis naxevarze meti<br />
dResac xis saxlebSi cxovrobs.<br />
xisgan mraval saojaxo nivTs<br />
amzadeben.
14<br />
Tavi 1<br />
<strong>da</strong>akvirdi suraTebs <strong>da</strong><br />
aRwere, rogor ga<strong>da</strong>iqca xe<br />
samSeneblo masalad<br />
xis masalas didi raodenobiT iyenebs a<strong>da</strong>miani, amitom<br />
de<strong>da</strong>miwaze sul ufro mcirdeba tyeebis farTobi. xis<br />
masalis <strong>da</strong>zogvis mizniT a<strong>da</strong>miani qmnis mis Semcvlel<br />
xelovnur masalebs, magaliTad, plastmasas.<br />
2. mimoixede saklaso oTaxSi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>adgine:<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
a) romeli sxeulebia <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli xisgan<br />
b) ratom gamoiyenes maT <strong>da</strong>samzadeblad xis masala<br />
g) SeiZleba Tu ara imave sxeulebis <strong>da</strong>mzadeba sxva masaliT<br />
d) CamoTvale es <strong>masalebi</strong>.<br />
3. gamoarkvie, ra aris Sens saxlSi xisgan <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli. ufrosebis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>adgine, romeli xisgan aris es sxeulebi <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli <strong>da</strong> ratom iqna<br />
SerCeuli xis es saxeoba<br />
4. rukis gamoyenebiT <strong>da</strong>adgine, romel kontinentze rogori tyeebia<br />
gavrcelebuli <strong>da</strong> Seavse cxrili:<br />
wiwvovani tye<br />
foTlovani tye<br />
tropikuli tye<br />
kontinenti<br />
wiwvovani<br />
tye<br />
foTlovani<br />
tye<br />
tropikuli<br />
tye
<strong>masalebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>maTi</strong> <strong>Tvisebebi</strong> 15<br />
qviSa sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva zomis marcvlebisgan, nawilakebisgan<br />
Sedgeba. es nawilakebi erTmaneTTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
ar aris <strong>da</strong> amitom qviSa fxvieria. zogjer qviSas<br />
Zlieri qari aitacebs xolme <strong>da</strong> erTi adgili<strong>da</strong>n<br />
meoreze ga<strong>da</strong>aqvs. qviSa wyals ar akavebs, amitom is<br />
wyalgamtaria.<br />
gaixsene<br />
Tixac wvrili, magram erTmaneTTan mWidrod<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli nawilakebisgan Sedgeba. igi, qviSisgan<br />
gansxvavebiT, fxvieri ar aris. Tixa wyalgaumtaria.<br />
albaT giTamaSia qviSaSi.<br />
gaixsene, ra figurebs<br />
amzadebdi sveli<br />
qviSisgan. ramdenad<br />
myarad <strong>da</strong> didxans<br />
inaxebo<strong>da</strong> Seni naxelavi<br />
mzis, qarisa <strong>da</strong> wylis moqmedebis<br />
Sedegad qanebi iSleba <strong>da</strong><br />
qviSa <strong>da</strong> Tixa warmoiqmneba.<br />
qviSa <strong>da</strong> Tixa de<strong>da</strong>miwaze far<br />
Tod gavrcelebuli sasargeblo<br />
wiaRiseulia.<br />
qviSa kargi samSeneblo masalaa.<br />
mas xSirad cements<br />
umateben <strong>da</strong> miRebuli masaliT<br />
mSeneblobisas agurebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> qvebs erTmaneTze `awebeben~.<br />
qviSa minis <strong>da</strong>samzadebla<strong>da</strong>c<br />
gamoiyeneba.<br />
es sainteresoa!<br />
bunebriv simdidres,<br />
romelsac a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
miwis wiaRi<strong>da</strong>n an<br />
misi ze<strong>da</strong>piri<strong>da</strong>n<br />
moipovebs, sasargeblo<br />
wiaRiseuli hqvia,<br />
im adgils ki, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
wiaRiseuli moipoveba –<br />
sabado.<br />
qviSa bunebaSi bevrganaa, gansakuTrebiT ki zRvebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
mdinareebis sanapiroebze <strong>da</strong> u<strong>da</strong>bnoebSi.
16<br />
Tavi 1<br />
mSrali Tixa myifea <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rtymisas advilad imsxvreva,<br />
sveli Tixa ki plastiliniviT moqnili <strong>da</strong> webovania.<br />
misgan mravali sagnis gamoZerwva SeiZleba. Tixisgan<br />
<strong>da</strong>mzadebul nakeTobas gaxurebul RumelSi aTavseben,<br />
ris Sedegad igi qvasaviT magrdeba.<br />
Tixisgan WurWels amzadeben.<br />
xelobas, romelic Tixis<br />
<strong>da</strong>muSavebasTan aris<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli, meTuneoba<br />
hqvia, xolo Tixisgan<br />
<strong>da</strong>mzadebul WurWels –<br />
keramika.<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
qviSa <strong>da</strong> Tixa erTmaneTisgan feriTac gansxvavdeba.<br />
qviSa ufro xSirad moyviTaloa, zogjer ki –<br />
monacrisfro. Tixa, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, yavisferia, zogjer<br />
ki – TeTri, momwvano an mowiTalo.<br />
5. Tixis romel Tvisebas iyenebs a<strong>da</strong>miani WurWlis<br />
<strong>da</strong>samzadeblad ratom ar iyenebs igi am mizniT<br />
qviSas<br />
6. <strong>da</strong>adgine, moipoveba Tu ara Sens sacxovrebel<br />
adgilTan axlos qviSa <strong>da</strong> Tixa rogor iyeneben mas<br />
7. Sea<strong>da</strong>re erTmaneTs qviSisa <strong>da</strong> Tixis <strong>Tvisebebi</strong>,<br />
<strong>da</strong>adgine maT Soris msgavseba-gansxvaveba,<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>ixaze sqema <strong>da</strong> Seavse:<br />
Tixa msgavseba qviSa<br />
... ... ...<br />
ifiqre<br />
rogor fiqrob, ratom aris wvimis Semdeg Tixian<br />
adgilebSi siaruli Zneli<br />
Caatare c<strong>da</strong><br />
saWiro masala: qviSa, Tixa, wyali, 2 cali Tasi.<br />
msvleloba:<br />
• zaiRe Tanabari raodenobiT qviSa <strong>da</strong> Tixa <strong>da</strong> TasebSi Cayare.<br />
• zTiToeuls <strong>da</strong>asxi wyali, mozile <strong>da</strong> Seni fantaziiT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva figura gamoZerwe.<br />
• z<strong>da</strong>awyve Tixis <strong>da</strong> qviSis figurebi mzeze gasaSrobad.<br />
• z<strong>da</strong>akvirdi, romeli ufro male gamagr<strong>da</strong>. rogor fiqrob, ratom<br />
• zSemdeg, xelis <strong>da</strong>WeriT Seecade <strong>da</strong>Salo es figurebi. romeli ufro advilad<br />
<strong>da</strong>iSala ratom
5. liTonebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>maTi</strong> gamoyeneba<br />
<strong>masalebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>maTi</strong> <strong>Tvisebebi</strong> 17<br />
liTonebi bunebrivi masalaa. liTonebi erTmaneTisgan<br />
gansxvavdeba, magram maT saerTo <strong>Tvisebebi</strong>c aqvT.<br />
erT-erTi gansxvaveba isaa, rom yvela liTons aqvs<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli feri <strong>da</strong> Taviseburi bzinvareba.<br />
zogierTi liToni kargad atarebs eleqtrul<br />
dens. amitom maT eleqtroga<strong>da</strong>mcemi mavTulebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>samzadeblad iyeneben.<br />
liTonebs, romelTa formis Secvla <strong>da</strong>rtymiT<br />
SeiZleba, We<strong>da</strong>di hqvia. zogierTi liToni civ<br />
mdgomareobaSi iWedeba, Tumca umravlesobas gaxureba<br />
sWirdeba. amitom Cven SegviZlia liTonebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
forma mivceT <strong>da</strong> maTgan mravali sxeuli <strong>da</strong>vamzadoT.<br />
zogierTi liTonis <strong>Tvisebebi</strong>:<br />
savarjiSo<br />
1. CamoTvale Sen irgvliv<br />
arsebuli sxeulebi,<br />
romlebic sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
liTonisgan aris<br />
<strong>da</strong>mzadebuli.<br />
alumini<br />
msubuqi <strong>da</strong> mtkice<br />
spilenZi<br />
mowiTalo-moyviTalo,<br />
siTbosa <strong>da</strong> eleqtrobis<br />
kargi gamtari<br />
oqro<br />
rkina<br />
mbzinavi, yviTeli, ar<br />
iJangeba, eleqtrobis<br />
kargi gamtari.<br />
nacrisferi, We<strong>da</strong>di,<br />
advilad magnitdeba.<br />
bevri liToni haerze<br />
iJangeba. Tu maT specialur<br />
zumfaris qaRalds gausvam,<br />
is isev <strong>da</strong>iwyebs bzinvasa <strong>da</strong><br />
prials. rom ar <strong>da</strong>iJangos,<br />
liTonis nakeTobebs laqsaRebavebiT<br />
faraven.<br />
vercxli<br />
mkrTali, mbrwyinavi,<br />
eleqtrobis <strong>da</strong> siTbos<br />
Zalian kargi gamtari,<br />
mZime.<br />
tyvia<br />
mZime, formas<br />
advilad icvlis,<br />
ar iJangeba,<br />
momwamlavi.
18<br />
Tavi 1<br />
es sainteresoa!<br />
de<strong>da</strong>miwaze bunebrivi<br />
saxiT 65 saxeobis liToni<br />
arsebobs, Tumca maTgan<br />
mxolod 20 gamoiyeneba.<br />
liTonebi – oqro, vercxli<br />
<strong>da</strong> platina iSviaTad<br />
kargaven bzinvarebas,<br />
amitom maT keTilSobil<br />
liTonebs uwodeben.<br />
uZveles dros <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli<br />
oqros nivTebi dResac<br />
axaliviT bzinavs.<br />
yvela liToni myaria,<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> vercxliswylisa.<br />
is erTaderTi Txevadi<br />
liTonia.<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva liToni sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva temperaturaze<br />
lRveba, magaliTad, tyvia <strong>da</strong> kala Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT <strong>da</strong>bal<br />
temperaturaze lRveba, amitom <strong>maTi</strong> <strong>da</strong>dnoba<br />
samzareulos gazquris alzec aris SesaZlebeli.<br />
rkinis madnis <strong>da</strong>dnoba mxolod specialur RumelSi<br />
SeiZleba, sa<strong>da</strong>c Zalian maRali temperaturaa.<br />
<strong>da</strong>mdnari liTonebi advilad ereva erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong><br />
Senadnobi warmoiqmneba. Senadnobi misi Semadgeneli<br />
liTonebis Tvisebebs aerTianebs, magaliTad,<br />
simtkicesa <strong>da</strong> simsubuqes.<br />
2. CamoTvale, romel liTonebs icnob<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
3. romel liTons iyeneben eleqtrosadenebis <strong>da</strong>samzadeblad<br />
4. kbilis <strong>da</strong>zianebis SemTxvevaSi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi zogjer oqros an vercxlis kbilebs<br />
isvamen, ratom<br />
5. ratom amzadeben TviTmfrinavebs aluminisgan<br />
6. romel xelsawyoSi iyeneben vercxliswyals<br />
7. rogor miiReba Senadnobi<br />
8. es sxeulebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva liTonisganaa <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli:<br />
a) Seecade <strong>da</strong>adgino, romeli liToni gamoiyenes maT <strong>da</strong>samzadeblad.<br />
b) axseni, ratom <strong>da</strong>amzades isini am liTonebisgan
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