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maka mosiaSvili<br />
599 97 25 55<br />
pankisi... kuTxe, romelic ukve<br />
20 welze metia araTu qveynis, aramed xSirad msoflios yura-<br />
dRebis centrSia. xeoba, romlis xsenebac adamianTaTvis xan<br />
SiSTan asocirdeba, xan silamazesTan, xanac auRebel, Seucno-<br />
bel kuTxes warmoadgens.<br />
294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
imisTvis, rom ufro metad axlos<br />
gavigoT pankisis istoria, moviSvelie<br />
patricia fSeSlakeviCis<br />
werili pankisze, sadac is regionisa<br />
da xalxis istoriaze gviyveba.<br />
amonaridi pankisis istoriidan:<br />
„pankisis xeoba da alaznis veli<br />
ganuyofeli nawilebi arian kaxe-<br />
Tis. xeobis istoriaSi, iseve rogorc<br />
mTeli saqarTvelosaTvis,<br />
saukeTeso iyo Tamar mefis periodi<br />
(XII-XIII ss). im dros xeobis teritoriaze<br />
arsebobda saerisTavo<br />
saxelwodebiT TorRva pankeli. saerisTavo,<br />
ZiriTadad, dasaxlebuli<br />
iyo kaxelebiTa da velze TandaTanobiT<br />
Camosaxlebuli qarTveli<br />
mTielebiT: TuSebiT da fSavelebiT.<br />
qarTvelebs aSenebuli hqondaT<br />
mravali qristianuli taZari,<br />
romelTa umravlesobisgan dRes<br />
mxolod nangrevebiRaa SemorCenili.<br />
maTze gadawydoma pankisis yovel<br />
kuTxe-kunWulSi SeiZleba.<br />
TavdasxmebiT, omebiT, epidemiebiT<br />
gaukacrieldada pankisis xeoba,<br />
misi xelaxali dasaxleba daiwyo<br />
XVI saukuneSi, roca levan kaxe-<br />
Tis mefem sazRvrispiras gaweuli<br />
samxedro samsaxurisTvis pankisis<br />
miwebiT daajildova mTieli qar-<br />
Tvelebi: TuSebi da fSavelebi. xeobaSi<br />
saxldebian aseve osebi da<br />
mTieli mezobeli daRestnidan –<br />
lekebi da avarelebi XVII saukunidan.<br />
sparselebis mier kaxeTis<br />
dapyrobis Semdeg iranis Sahi pankisSi<br />
asaxlebs musliman Turqmenul<br />
tomebs.<br />
pankisis xeobaSi dRes mcxovrebi<br />
qistebis winaprebi vainaxebi –<br />
inguSebi iyvnen.<br />
qistebis pirveli winaprebi pankisSi<br />
XVII saukuneSi gamoCndnen.<br />
maSin Camovidnen amayi maistovebi<br />
da melxevebi – udidesi CeCnuri<br />
Temebi CeCneT- inguSeTis sazRvridan.<br />
rogorc legenda mogviTxrobs,<br />
daaxloebiT, 200 wlis winaT ramdenime<br />
CeCeni ymawvili maistidan,<br />
anu maRalmTiani CeCneTidan wamovida<br />
kavkasionis mTebSi dakarguli<br />
cxvrebis saZebnelad. ramdenime<br />
dRis Semdeg gzas maTi mamebic daadgnen<br />
da kavkasionis meore mxares<br />
– saqarTvelos uRran tyeSi aRmoCndnen.<br />
daRlilebma mwyemsuri<br />
kombali miwaSi CaarWves da mcire<br />
xniT dasasveneblad Caimuxles. mxolod<br />
diliT gamoeRviZaT da iq,<br />
sadac komblebi hqondaT Casobili,<br />
ankara wyaro moCuxCuxebda, xilo<br />
komblebis Tavze mercxlebs bude<br />
hqondaT aSenebuli. kacebma Zebna<br />
Sewyvites, radgan yovelive amaSi<br />
RvTis neba dainaxes da gadawyvites,<br />
rom isini da maTi modgma aq<br />
dasaxldebian aw da maradis. aseTia<br />
legenda, xolo istoriuli wyaroebiT<br />
intesiuri Camosaxleba XIX<br />
saukunidan daiwyo. axalmosaxleebs<br />
CeCneTidan CamohyavdaT ojaxebi<br />
da saxldebodnen miwebze, romelsac<br />
qarTveli Tavadebi maT<br />
ojaxiT aZlevdnen, radgan daRestneli<br />
da azerbaijanuli saxanos<br />
mZarcvelebisgan saqarTvelos sazRvrebis<br />
dasacavas mebrZoli mTielebi<br />
esaWiroebodaT.<br />
Semdeg, mTeli XIX saukunis ganmavlobaSi,<br />
pankisSi, maistovebis<br />
garda, sxva CeCnurma da inguSurma<br />
gvarebmac daiwyes Camosaxleba.<br />
ZiriTadad eseni iyvnen im period-<br />
Si Crdilo kavkasiis dampyrobeli<br />
da CeCnuri winaaRmdegobis CamxSobi<br />
mefis armias gamoqceulebi.<br />
mravali aTwleulis manZilze<br />
qarTveli mTielebi, TuSebi da<br />
N1 (222) 23.01-29.01.2018 w.<br />
pankisi da Cemi<br />
qveynis arCevani<br />
fSavebi pankisis mezoblad cxovrobdnen.<br />
1866 wels joyoloSi aSenda<br />
qarTuli marTlmadidebluri taZari,<br />
sadac loculobdnen rogorc<br />
qarTveli mTielebi, aseve CeCnebic.<br />
pankisis xeobas arc muslimani misonerebi<br />
iviwyebdnen. 1902 wels<br />
sofel duisSi meCeTi aigo, romelic<br />
sul male Crdilo kavkasiaSi<br />
popularuli sufituri ordenis<br />
saqmianobis centrad iqca.<br />
pankisSi yvelaze meti mimdevrebi<br />
hyavda kunta haji kiSievis saZmos<br />
(erT-erTi yvelaze aqtiuri<br />
mowinaaRmdege iyo imam Samilisa da<br />
mefis ruseTis winaaRmdeg misi SeiaraRebuli<br />
brZolis), kadiriis<br />
„tarikatisis” (gza) mimdevari. mravali<br />
saZmo iqmneboda da rac gansakuTrebuli<br />
iSviaToba iyo, maT<br />
Soris, qalTa ordenic. es „hajistebi”,<br />
rogorc maT aq uwodeben,<br />
dResac ikribebian did dResawaulebze<br />
da jgufurad loculoben,<br />
anu asruleben „jikrs”. loculoben<br />
arabulad, CeCnurad da<br />
qarTulad, xSirad ki es aris CeCnurisa<br />
da qarTulis nazavi e. w. qisturi<br />
dialeqti, romelzec saubrobs<br />
qarTveli CeCnebis umetesoba.<br />
qistebma, saqarTveloSi cxovrebis<br />
200 welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi,<br />
qarTuli kulturis mravali<br />
elementi SeiTvises, magram saku-<br />
Taric SeinarCunes. religiisa da<br />
nawilobriv enis garda, Senar-<br />
Cunebuli aqvT ojaxSi qcevis mkacri<br />
etiketi. amgvarad, yovelgvari<br />
Sexeba da kontaqti qalsa da mamakacs<br />
Soris sxva pirebis Tvalwin<br />
tabudadebulia. gaarSiyeba, Ziri-<br />
Tadad, JestebiTa da saxis mimikiT<br />
xdeba, magram arasodes mowmeebis<br />
TandaswrebiT. qali, ganasakuTrebiT<br />
axaldaqorwinebuli, ver dajdeba<br />
mamamTilisa da mazlebis<br />
gverdiT, ar mimarTavs maT pirveli.<br />
ojaxis yvela wevrisTvis akr-<br />
Zalulia namdvili saxeliT mimarTva.<br />
yoveldRiuroba ki, rogoricaa<br />
samzareulo, saojaxo zeimebi,<br />
qorwilebi _ sruliad gaqarTulebuli<br />
iyo. qistebi, iseve rogorc<br />
qarTvelebi, vazis moSenebas<br />
misdevdnen, svamdnen Rvinos WiqiT,<br />
an yanwiT.<br />
qarTulma xelisuflebam Seifara<br />
CeCeni Camosaxlebulebi da<br />
ltolvilebi. saqarTvelos damoukidebeli<br />
respublikis periodSi<br />
(1918-1921 ww.) maT moqalaqeoba mianiWes.<br />
moxeleebi maSin maT qarTul<br />
saxelebs aZlevdnen. amis Sedegad<br />
mravali CeCeni dRes ormag<br />
saxels atarebs – CeCnursa da qarTuls.<br />
sxvaTa Soris, aseTi „qar-<br />
Tuli elferis” gamo qistebi, maTi<br />
moZme CeCnebis, inguSebisa da daRestnelebisgan<br />
gansxvavebiT, 1944<br />
wels centralur aziaSi stalinur<br />
gadasaxlebas gadaurCnen.<br />
ssrk-s periodSi qistebsac, iseve<br />
rogorc sxvebs, SeexoT gasab-<br />
Woebisa da aTeizmis politika.<br />
1930 wlidan mTel saqarTveloSi<br />
iqmneboda „uRmerToTa kavSirebi”,<br />
romlebic ebrZodnen rogorc<br />
qristianobas, aseve islams. sabWo-<br />
Ta xelisufleba xuravda eklesiebs,<br />
meCeTebsa da sxva siwmindeebs.<br />
duisSi daixura meCeTi. specialuri<br />
samsaxurebi sdevnidnen da apatimrebdnen<br />
religiur liderebs.<br />
mravali sufiti da sxva sasuliero<br />
piri daapatimres, gaacimbires,<br />
an sicocxles gamoasalmes. religia,<br />
maT Soris, islami, sazogadoebrivi<br />
cxovrebidan gaqra. qistebisTvis<br />
man saojaxo sferoSi gadainacvla,<br />
farulad loculobdnen.<br />
stalinis gardacvalebis Semdgomi<br />
„daTboba” daiwyo da 1960 wlidan<br />
xelisuflebam duisis meCeTis xelaxla<br />
gaxsnis neba darTo.<br />
pankisis xeobis Semdgomi istoria<br />
es aris sabWoTa, xolo Semdeg<br />
ki, 1991 wlidan, damoukidebeli,<br />
SinaomebiTa da afxazeTisa da „samxreT<br />
oseTis” sepatratizmiT gatanjuli<br />
saqarTvelos istoria.<br />
pankisi, garda imisa, rom oseTSi<br />
mimdinare omis periodSi (1990 wlebi)<br />
osebi masobrivad tovebdnen<br />
iqaurobas, am mRelvare movlenebisgan<br />
gariyulad idga, izolirebuli<br />
iyo da saqarTvelos xelisufleba<br />
mas sul ufro da ufro<br />
iviwyebda. krizisi kidev ufro<br />
amZafrebda siduxWires. mravali<br />
qisti midioda ruseTSi samuSaos<br />
saSovnelad. didi talRa, umTavresad<br />
mamakacebi, miemgzavreboda CeCneTSic,<br />
romelmac damoukidebloba<br />
1991 wels gamoacxada. 1994 wels<br />
dawyebuli I ruseT-CeCneTis omis<br />
Sedegad bevri migranti ukan dabrunda,<br />
maTTan erTad pankisSi Camovidnen<br />
samxreT CeCneTidan ltolvilebi.<br />
misi damTavrebis Semdeg<br />
mravali maTgani ukan dabrunda. axalgazrda<br />
qistebic miemgzavrebodnen<br />
CeCneTSi, sadac saqarTvelosgan<br />
gansxvavebiT samuSao iSoveboda,<br />
qveynis aRmSenebloba mimdinareobda.<br />
sami wlis Semdeg II omi<br />
daiwyo, romelmac mniSvnelovani<br />
gavlena iqonia pankisis xeobaze,<br />
misi Sedegebi dRemde igrZnoba.<br />
ruseT-CeCneTis II omis dawyebidan,<br />
anu 1999 wlidan, xeobaSi<br />
Camovida 10 aTasze meti CeCeni<br />
ltolvili. umTavresi simZime maT<br />
sisxlismier naTesavebs – qistebs<br />
daawvaT. saxlebSi, skolebSi, gamajansaRebel<br />
centrebsa da sxva<br />
nagebobebSi da sajaro dawesebulebebSi<br />
cxovrobdnen avadmyofi,<br />
yovelgvar saarsebo saxsars moklebuli<br />
adamianebi. zogi ltolvili<br />
cxvars mwyemsavda, mefutkreobas<br />
misdevda da TavianT Svilebs<br />
avarjiSebdnen kavkasiaSi sportis<br />
popularul saxeobaSi – Widaoba-<br />
Si. 2001- 2002 wels xeobaSi iaraRis,<br />
cocxali saqonlisa da narkotikebis<br />
kontrabanduli dajgufebebi<br />
daZrwodnen. xeoba yvelasTvis Caiketa,<br />
garda iqauri mudmivi mosaxleobisa.<br />
Sesasvlel gzebze qarTuli<br />
jari da qistebis saxalxo<br />
laSqari Cadga, daayenes sakontrolo<br />
punqtebi. pankisis xeobis blokada<br />
2002 wlis bolosTvis dasrulda,<br />
roca qistebma qarTuli<br />
jaris daxmarebiT sruliad gawmindes<br />
xeoba bandebisgan. 2003 wels<br />
CeCeni mebrZolebis jgufebi, romlebic<br />
saqarTveloSi imalebodnen,<br />
toveben xeobas. 2004 wels situacia<br />
Cawynarda da usafrTxoeba<br />
srulad aRdga.<br />
amJamad pankisis xeoba, Ziri-<br />
Tadad, qistebiTaa dasaxlebuli.<br />
daaxloebiT 8 aTasi qistia, umTavresad<br />
cxovroben duisSi, joyoloSi,<br />
birkianSi, jibaxevSi, walaxanSi<br />
(zemo, Sua, qvemo) da omaloSi.<br />
qistebi axmetaSic cxovroben da<br />
calkeul Sereul ojaxebSi mTel<br />
axmetis raionSi. qisturi ojaxebi<br />
TbilisSic cxovroben.<br />
qisturi soflebis garda xeoba-<br />
Si aris fSavebis, TuSebisa da bacbielebis<br />
soflebi, rogorc adgilobrivebi,<br />
cxovroben xevsurebica<br />
da osebic”.<br />
uxucesebi<br />
2015 wels gamocemul wignSi „qistebis<br />
adaT-wesebi”, romlis avtoric<br />
xaso xangoSvili gaxlavT,<br />
erT-erTi Tema aris, rogor Seiqmna<br />
uxucesTa sabWo. batoni xaso<br />
wers:<br />
„qistebi veinaxuri tomia. CeCnebi,<br />
inguSebi da qistebi erTi eris,<br />
veinaxebis warmomadgenlebi arian<br />
da erTiani sazogadoebriv-politikuri<br />
wyoba, ena da kultura<br />
aqvT. marTalia, arsebobs met-naklebi<br />
gansxvavebani enobrivi (dialeqturi)<br />
da adaT-wesebis mixedviT,<br />
magram es imdenad umniSvneloa,<br />
rom aranair gaugebrobas<br />
ar iwvevs urTierTobebSi.<br />
veinaxuri saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis<br />
procesSi, jer kidev,<br />
adreul stadiaSi, wina planze gamodis<br />
uxucesTa sabWo, „mexq pial”<br />
(sityvasityviT „qveynis samarTali”),<br />
romelic Seiqmna demokratiuli<br />
arCevnebis gziT. TiToeuli<br />
Teifi irCevda delegats (umetes<br />
SemTxvevaSi, gvaris ufross), romelic<br />
cxaddeboda Tuxumis (tomi)<br />
yrilobaze, sadac xdeboda uxucesTa<br />
sabWos arCevnebi.<br />
„mexq pial” warmoadgenda sakanonmdeblo<br />
organos da, amave dros,<br />
irCevda da akontrolebda aRmasrulebel<br />
xelisuflebas. marTlmsajulebas<br />
ganagebda uxucesTa sabWo,<br />
qveynis donis saCivrebi ganixileboda<br />
qveynis uxucesTa sabWos<br />
mier, xolo yofa-cxovrebiTi danaSauli<br />
ganixileboda Tuxumis uxucesTa<br />
sabWoze. Sida regionul da<br />
soflis davebs aseve wyvetda xalxi,<br />
romelTac modave mxareebi airCevdnen<br />
uxucebidan, TiTo an or-or<br />
mosamarTles, romelTac esmodaT<br />
adaT-wesebis kodeqsi da saqmeebs<br />
arCevdnen.<br />
uxucesTa sabWo mtkiced da ganuxrelad<br />
axorcielebda sazogadoebis<br />
demokratiul wyobas. arasodes<br />
dauSvebda, maT mier daniSnuli<br />
moxele imdenad gaZlierebuliyo,<br />
rom ecada, mmarTvelobis<br />
sadaveebi Tavis xelSi moeqcia, daemyarebina<br />
avtoritaruli mmarTveloba.<br />
rom ar momxdariyo aseTi<br />
ram, sardalsa da sxva moxeles gansazRvruli<br />
vadiT irCevdnen. Tu<br />
moxele ise gamdidrdeboda, rom<br />
qonebis dagrovebas daiwyebda (miwebis<br />
Sesyidva, saqonlis momravleba),<br />
mas qonebis konfiskaciiT qveynidan<br />
aZevebdnen.<br />
pankiSi mcxovrebma qistebma, TavisTavad<br />
igulisxmeba, is adaT-wesebi<br />
gamoitanes, romlebic damaxasiaTebeli<br />
iyo maTTvis. maT axal<br />
samSobloSi axal pirobebSi mouxdaT<br />
cxovrebis dawyeba.<br />
gagrZeleba meeqvse gv<br />
5
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