The German Energiewende - Tamil

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02 |The German Energiewende (n[u ;kd ; vndu ;[pntz ;Nl) 

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© iStock/SilviaJansenx © Paul Langrock 

1971 

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The German Energiewende (n[u ;kd ; vndu ;[pntz ;Nl) | 03 

© iStock/SilviaJansenx © Paul Langrock 

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gpw gpupTfs; Nghd;W Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; gpuptpYk; vndu;[pntz;Nl 

ntw;wpfukhf ,aq;Ftij cWjpnra;Jnfhs;s> md;whl tho;T> 

murpay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhuj;jpy; khw;wq;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. 

kf;fspd; Njitfis kl;Lg;gLj;jhky; Nghf;Ftuj;jpid NkYk; 

epiyj;jpUf;fr;nra;a ,r;nray;Kiwf;F fhy mtfhrk; Njit. 

© dpa/Paul Zinken 

1986 

cf;iud;> Nru;Nehgpy; mZrf;jp Miyapy; ghupa tpgj;J Vw;gl;lJ. 

Rw;Wr;R+oy;> ,aw;if ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; mZ ghJfhg;G kj;jpa mikr;R 

n[u;kdpapy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. 

1986 

n[u;kdpapy; Kjy; rhiy rl;ltpjpfSf;F cl;gl;l 

R+uparf;jp thfdk; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ.


© dpa 

GJg;gpf;fj;jf;fit 

fhw;W kw;Wk; 

R+upadpypUe;J kpd;rhuk; 

GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpfspd; mgptpUj;jpahdJ> rf;jp ,af;FjpwDld; ,ize;J 

vndu;[pntz;Nltpw;F J}zhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fhw;W> R+upad;> ePu;rf;jp> ,aw;if 

capu;rf;jp kw;Wk; Gtpntg;g rf;jp Nghd;wit fhyepiyf;F Vw;GilajhfTs;sikahy; 

n[u;kdpahdJ krF vz;nza;apy; jq;fpapUf;f mtrpakpd;wp cs;ehl;bYs;s ,r;rf;jp 

tsq;fis gad;gLj;jf;$bajhf ,Ug;gJld; fhyepiyia ghJfhg;gjpy; gpujhd 

gq;fhw;wf;$bajhfTKs;sJ. 

GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpapid kpd;rhuj;Jiwapy; gad;gLj;Jjy; kpf cau;juj;jpy; 

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. 2014 Mk; Mz;L Kjy;> mit n[u;kdpapy; nfhs;Kjy; nra;ag;gl;l 

nkhj;j kpd;rhuj;jpy; %d;wpy; xU gFjpf;Fk; Nkyhd rf;jpapd;> kpf Kf;fpakhd 

%yg;nghUshf jpfo;fpd;wJ. gj;J tUlq;fSf;F Kd;du;> mtu;fs; xd;gJ tPjkhd 

NjitiaNa mile;jdu;. ,yf;fpidf; nfhz;l epjpAjtpNa ,e;j ntw;wpf;fukhd 

khw;wj;Jf;F fhuzk;. 1991,y; kpd;rhu toq;fy; rl;lk; %yk; Muk;gkhfpaJ. 

epiyahd fhg;Gtupf; fl;lzk; nrYj;jy;> kw;Wk; Gjpa njhopy;El;gq;fSf;fhd re;ij 

cUthf;fj;ij Nehf;fhff;nfhz;l fl;lha thq;Fjiy nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,J 2000 Mk; 

Mz;L GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jp %yg;nghUl;fs; rl;lj;jpd; %yk; gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ. mjpy; 

%d;W gpujhd mk;rq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. gy;tifg;gl;l njhopy;El;gq;fSf;fhd 

cj;juthjk; mspf;fg;gl toq;fy; rl;lk;; Kd;Dupik mspj;jy;; kw;Wk; midj;J 

kpd;ghtidahsu;fSf;fpilapy; Vw;gLk; Nkyjpf fl;lzj;ij $Ljy; fl;lz Kiwik 

%yk; gfpu;e;jspj;jy; vd;gdthFk;. 

© aleo solar AG/Flo Hagena 

GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jp tsq;fs; rl;lk; mKyhf;fg;gl;lJ Kjy;> Gjpa fhw;whiyfs; 

1987 

Nkw;Ff; flw;fiuapy;> 30 

tpirahopfs; nfhz;l 

n[u;kdpapd; Kjy; fhw;whiy 

cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. 

1990 

n[u;kd; murhq;fk; Mapuk;-$iu epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;ij 

Nghl;NlhNthy;ilf; (PV) njhopw;$lj;jpw;fhf 

mq;Fuhu;g;gzk; nra;J itj;jJ. 

1990 

fpof;F kw;Wk; 

Nkw;F n[u;kdp 

kPspizf;fg;gl;ld.

© dpa 


© aleo solar AG/Flo Hagena 

kw;Wk; PV MiyfSf;fhd tUlhe;j KjyPLfspd; mjpfupg;G 

epiyahf ,Ue;jJ. NkYk; vupnfhs;sp kw;Wk; ,aw;if thA 

MiyfspYk; KjyPLfs; ,lk;ngw;wd. mjpf Nfs;tpapd; 

fhuzkhf Gjpa Ntiytha;g;Gg;gpupT cUthdJ. ,jd; 

%yk; n[u;kdpapy; khj;jpuk; 338>000 njhopy;tha;g;Gfs; 

toq;fg;gl;ld. mJ GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpapd; njhopy;El;gj;ij 

NkYk; mjpfupj;jJld;> cyfshtpa uPjpapy; fzprkhd msT 

tpiy tPo;r;rpf;Fk; fhuzkhf mike;jJ. cjhuzkhf> xU 

R+uparf;jp njhFjp 2014 Mk; Mz;L Ie;J tUlq;fSf;F 

Kd;dpUe;j tpiyia tpl 75 rjtPjk; Fiwe;j tpiyapy; 

re;ijg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 2000 Mk; Mz;L n[u;kdpapd; 

epjpj;jpl;lj;jpy; xU fpNyhtw;W-kzpj;jpahy R+upakpd; 50 

A+Nuh rjj;ij nfhz;bUe;jJ. jw;nghOJ ehd;F> Ie;J 

A+Nuhrjj;jpw;fpilapy; ruhrupahf kjpg;G ngWfpd;wJ. kj;jpa 

INuhg;ghtpy; eLj;jukhd R+upantspr;rk; ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> 

R+upa rf;jpahdJ n[u;kdpapd; kpd;rhuj;jpw;F Kf;fpakhd 

tskhfptpl;lJ. PV Miyfs;> jw;nghOJ mz;zsthf 

Ie;jpy; xUgFjp kpd;rhuj;ij GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpfspypUe;J 

tpepNahfpf;fpd;wJ. 

GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpfspy; fhw;W rf;jp jw;nghOJ kpfTk; 

Kf;fpakhd tskhf jpfo;fpd;wJ. flNyhu fhw;whiyfs; 

%yk; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk; kpd;rhukhdJ xt;nthU fpNyhthw;Wkzpj;jpahyj;jpw;Fk; 

ruhrupahf 1.9 kw;Wk; 2.5 A+Nuhrjk; 

nrythfpd;wJ. 

fhw;W kw;Wk; R+upa rf;jpapd; tpupthf;fj;ij rPupa Kiwapy; 

nfhzbUg;gNjhL ,e;j tsq;fis kypthfTk; Neu;j;jpahd 

tpepNahfj;JlDk; mjpfupf;ff;$bajhf itj;jpUg;gJ 

n[u;kdpf;fhd rthyhFk;. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt n[u;kdp 

murhq;fk; kpd;rhuj;jpy; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpfSf;fhd 

epjpAjtpia rPuikj;jJ. ,e;j tpupthf;fk;> fhw;W kw;Wk; R+upa 

rf;jpapd; kypthd njhopy;El;gq;fspy; ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. 

tUlhe;j tpupthf;fk; jdpahu; njhypo;El;gq;fSf;F 

topaikg;gJld; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpfspd; mgptpUj;jpia 

Neu;j;jpahf nfhz;L nry;y ,yFthfTk; mikfpd;wJ. gpw 

Miy ,af;Fdu;fs; Nghy> GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jp Miyfis 

,af;Fgtu;fs; re;ijapy; jkJ kpd;rhuj;ij mjpfstpy; 

tpw;gid nra;a Ntz;lg;gLfpd;whu;fs;> ,jdhy; rf;jp tpepNahf 

Kiwikapy; ghupa nghWg;gpid vLf;fNtz;bAs;sJ. 

2017 Mk; Mz;L Kjy;> 750 fpNyhtw;WFk; Nkyhd ntspaPl;il 

midj;J MiyfSf;Fk; toq;fg;gl;l epjpAjtpapd; msthdJ 

Fwpj;j njhopy;El;gj;jpd; xg;ge;jg;Gs;sp mwpf;if %yk; 

fzf;fplg;gl;lJ. ,J 80 tPjkhd tUlhe;j tpupthf;fj;jpy; jhf;fk; 

nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. tpupthf;fk; njhlu;gpy; gpuhe;jpa NtWghLfSk; 

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kpd;rhu fl;lj;jpy; gw;whf;Fiwfs; Vw;gLk; 

gl;rj;jpy;> xg;ge;jg;Gs;spfspd; msTfs; Fiwfpd;wd. ,e;j 

msTfs; kpd;rhu gpuptpy; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpfspd; ntw;wpf;fij 

njhlu topaikf;fpd;wJ.jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gl;l epjptoq;fy; 

KiwikAld; nrytpdq;fis Nrkpj;jy; njhlu;Ggl;bUg;gjdhy; 

vndu;[pntz;Nltpd; nghUshjhu ed;ikfis rpwe;j gad;ghl;L 

Kiwia cWjpg;gLj;j cjtpnra;fpd;wJ. 

1990 

fhyepiy khw;wj;jpw;fhd murhq;fq;fSf;fpilapyhd FO 

(IPCC) cyfshtpa fhyepiy gw;wpa Kjy; fzpg;gPl;L 

Ma;twpf;ifia ntspapl;lJ. 

1991 

kpd;rhuf; fl;lk; toq;fy; rl;lk;> n[u;kdpapd; midj;J rf;jp 

tpepNahf];ju;fisAk; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f Kiwapy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l 

kpd;rhuj;ij thq;fp nghJkf;fs; ghtidf; fl;lj;jpy; 

cl;GFj;JkhW gzpj;jJ.


nryTfs; 

'n[u;kd; kf;fSf;F 

vndu;[pntz;Nlapd; tpiyahdJ 

kpf mjpfkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wjh?" 

,y;iy. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; kypTtpiyapy; fpilf;ff; $ba rf;jpahf vndu;[pntz;Nlit 

cUthf;FtNj xNu Nehf;fkhFk;. Ntiytha;g;Gfis cUthf;FtJld; ehl;bd; nghUshjhu 

];jpuj;jd;ikia Vw;gLj;JtJ mjd; ,uz;lhk; Nehf;fkhFk;. 

,U J}z;fshf> rf;jp ,af;Fjpwd; kw;Wk; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; 

mikfpd;wJ. ,it n[u;kdpahdJ rf;jp ,wf;Fkjpapy; jq;fpapUg;gij Fiwj;jy;> ,yhgk; 

epiyahd tsu;r;rpf; nfhs;ifia filg;gpbf;fpd;wJ.

© dpa/Jens Büttner 


© dpa/Philipp Dimitri © dpa/McPHOTO‘s 

fle;j jrhg;jj;jpy; krF vz;nza;apd; tpiy fzprkhf 

cau;tile;jJ. mjd; tpisthf 2016 Mk; Mz;L ghtidahsu;fs; 

jkJ nkhj;j tPl;Lf; nfhs;tdT nrytpdj;jpy; 7.5 rjtpfpjk; 

rf;jpf;fhf nrytpl;Ls;sdu;. 1990fspd; gpw;gFjpapy; ,Ue;jijtpl 

MW rjtpfpjk; FiwthFk;. ntg;gNkw;Wjy;> RLePu;> rikj;jy; kw;Wk; 

,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l fr;rh vz;nza; Nghd;w rf;jp tsq;fis 

ikakhff; nfhz;l vupnghUl;fs; n[u;kdpapd; tPl;Lj; Njitf;fhd 

rf;jp gw;Wfspy; ghupa ,lj;ij nfhz;bUe;jd. 2014 Mk; Mz;bd; 

,Wjpg;gFjpapy; vz;nza; tpiy tPo;r;rpaile;J> n[u;kdpapd; 

nfhs;tdthsu;fSf;F Xa;T fpilj;j NghjpYk;> kPz;Lk; 2018,y; 

mjd; tpiyia mjpfupj;J> vjpu;T$w Kbahj epiyia Vw;gLj;jpdh;. 

krF vz;nza;apd; tpiy kw;Wk; mJ fpilg;gJ tpepNahf];ju;fspd; 

eydpy; jq;fpAs;sJ. 

1994 

INuhg;ghtpd; Kjy; njhlu; cw;gj;jpahd kpd;rhu 

fhu;fs; re;ijf;F mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. 

1995 

cyfshtpa uPjpapy; gr;irtPl;L thA khriljiyf; 

Fiwg;gjw;fhd fye;Jiuahliy Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; If;fpa 

ehLfs; rigapd; KjyhtJ fhyepiy khw;w khehL ngu;ypdpy; 

eilngw;wJ.


fhyepiy ghJfhg;G 

gr;irtPl;L thA 

khirf; Fiwj;jy; 

vndu;[pntz;Nl fhyepiy khw;wj;ij kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kf;fpa $whFk;. fhyepiy 

khw;wj;jpd; jhf;fj;ij kf;fs;> ,aw;if kw;Wk; nghUshjhuk; Mfpatw;wpy; epiyahd 

kl;lj;jpy; epiyepWj;Jtij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. fhyepiy khw;wj;jpw;fhd 

murhq;fq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd FOtpd; (IPCC) kjpg;gPLfspd;gb> g+Nfhs ntg;gkiljy; 2°C 

Nkyhd Kd; njhopy;Jiwfhy ntg;gepiyapy; itf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mjd; nghUs;> xU 

Fwpg;gpl;l msT gr;irtPl;L thAf;fs; khj;jpuNk njhlu;e;J khriljiy Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. 

tspkz;lyj;jpy; Vw;fdNt ,e;j njhifapy; 65 rjtPjk; ,Ug;gjhy;> gr;irtPl;L thA 

khriljiyf; Fiwg;gjw;F ghupa cyfshtpa kw;Wk; Njrpa Kaw;rpfs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. 

fhgdPnuhf;irl; MdJ Kf;fpa Gijgbt vupnghUl;fis vupg;gjd; %yk; Vw;gLtjhFk;. 

mJ fhyepiy khw;wj;jpy; kpfg; ngupa jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. n[u;kdpapYk;> 

cyfpd; Vida ehLfspYk; gr;irtPl;L thAf;fspy; %d;wpy; xU gFjp kpd; Miyfshy; 

khrilfpd;wd. vdNt> GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpia fhyepiy eLepiy tsq;fSf;F khw;WtJ 

fhyepiy ghJfhg;Gf;fhd xU Kf;fpa gFjpahFk;. 

© dpa/Luftbild Bertram © dpa/MiS 

© iStock/ querbeet 

1996 

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re;ijfis jhuhskakhf;f jPu ;khd pj ;jJ. 

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%Nyhghaj ;ij nts pa pl;lJ.


© iStock/ querbeet 

1997Mk; Mz;by; f;NahNlh cld;gbf;ifia ifr;rhj;jpl;L> 

n[u;kdp mjd; gr;irtPl;L thA khir 2012Mk; Mz;lstpy; 

1990 kl;lq;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; 21 rjtPjj;jhy; 

Fiwj;Jf;nfhz;lJ. gpd;du; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f Kd;Ndw;wk; 

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. 2017Mk; Mz;lstpy;> n[u;kdp 28 tPjkhd 

Fiwg;ig Vw;fdNt mile;jpUe;jJ. tpw;gidapy; xt;nthU 

gpy;ypad; a+NuhTf;Fk;> n[u;kdpapYs;s epWtdq;fspy; 1990Mk; 

Mz;Lfspy; gr;irtPl;L thAf;fspd; mstpy; miuthrp kl;LNk 

cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. 

n[u;kdp 2030Mk; Mz;lhFk;NghJ gr;irtPl;L thA khir 55 

rjtPjj;jhy; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; mjw;fhd Kaw;rpfis mjpfupg;gjw;Fk; 

jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. mJ 2050Mk; Mz;lhFk; NghJ thA khir 

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Njrpa Fiwg;G ,yf;Ffs; INuhg;gpa kw;Wk; ru;tNjr fhyepiy 

ghJfhg;G nfhs;iffis cs;spizj;Js;sJ. gr;irtPl;L thA 

khir 2020Mk; Mz;lhFk; NghJ 20 rjtPjj;jhYk; 2030Mk; 

Mz;lhFk; NghJ 40 rjtPjj;jhYk; Fiwg;gjw;F INuhg;gpa 

ehLfspd; jiyikfs; kw;Wk; murhq;fq;fs; jPu;khdpj;Js;sd. 

2015Mk; Mz;L brk;gu; khjj;jpy;> 195 ehLfs; gup]; xg;ge;jj;jpy; 

ifr;rhj;jpl;ld. ,e;j ehLfs; Gtp ntg;gkiljiy ,e;j 

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gq;Fjhuu;fSk; khR ntspg;ghLfspd; nkhj;j msitf; 

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vjpu;g;gjw;fhd Kf;fpa INuhg;gpa fUtpahFk;. midj;J ngupa 

mstpyhd gr;irtPl;L ntspj;js;spfSk; fl;lha Kiwikapy; 

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xt;nthU nlhd; gr;irtPl;L thATf;Fk; khR nfhLg;gdTfs; 

rupahd msT itj;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mtu;fsplk; Nghjpa 

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fhyepiy ghJfhg;G njhopy;El;gq;fis KjyPL nra;ayhk;. ,J 

kypthf ,Uf;Fk; CO 2 khirj;jLf;fpd;wJ. thA mikg;gpy; cs;s 

vy;yh JiwfspYk; gr;irtPl;L thA khir 2005Mk; Mz;L 

epiyf;F xg;ghf 2030Mk; Mz;lstpy; 43 rjtPjj;jhy; Fiwf;Fk; 

,yf;iff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. 

n[u;kdpa murhq;fk; fhyepiy nraw;;ghl;Lj; jpl;lk; 2020 kw;Wk; 

fhyepiy nraw;ghl;Lj; jpl;lk; 2050 Mfpatw;iw nraw;gLj;jp mjd; 

Njrpa Fiwg;G ,yf;Ffis g+u;j;jpnra;Jnfhs;s Kaw;rpf;fpd;wJ. 

fhyepiy nraw;ghl;Lj; jpl;lk; vuprf;jp nraw;jpwid mjpfupf;fTk;> 

Nghf;Ftuj;J> njhopy;> tptrhak; Mfpatw;iw mjpf fhyepiy 

el;G uPjpahf;Ftjw;Fk; gy;NtW eltbf;iffis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. 

vuprf;jp kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp Nghd;w jdpahu; Jiwfspy; CO2 msitf; 

Fiwf;Fk; ePz;l fhy jpl;l ,yf;FfisAk; fhyepiy nraw;jpl;lk; 

cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. 

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f;NahNlh cld ;gbf;if Vw ;Wf;nfhs ;sg ;gl;lJ. 

191 ehLfs ; cld ;gbf;iff;F xg ;Gjy ; toq ;fpAs ;sd.


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#lhd tpthjj;ij J}z;btpl;bUe;jJ. gy n[u;kdpau;fSk; njhopy;El;g mghaj;ij 

kjpg;gpLtJ fbdk; vd;gijf; fz;Lgpbj;jdu;. kf;fs;> ,aw;if kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oy; kPJ 

mZ ciy tpgj;jhy; Vw;glf;$ba ghjpg;G Fwpj;J mtu;fs; ftiy nfhz;ldu;. 1986Mk; 

Mz;L cf;iudpd; n\u;Ndhgpy; efupy; Vw;gl;l tpgj;J me;j gaj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jpaNjhL 

n[u;kdpapd; gFjpfisAk; mRj;jg;gLj;jpaJ. 2000Mk; Mz;by; n[u;kdpa murhq;fk; 

kpd;rhuk; cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; mZrf;jp gad;ghl;il KOtJkhf epWj;Jtjw;Fk; 

GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f Mjhuq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; rf;jp toq;fSf;F khWtjw;Fk; jPu;khdpj;jJ. 

mZ Miy ,af;Feu;fs; %yk; mile;j cld;gbf;if Vw;fdNt ,Uf;Fk; Miyfspd; 

gad;ghl;bw;fhd fhy msit mikj;J> Gjpa njhopw;rhiyfisj; jil nra;jJ. 

© dpa/Uli Deck 

© dpa/Jens Wolf 

mZrf;jp gad;ghL KOikahf GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpfSf;F khw;wg;gLk; tiu ,ilntspia 

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2010Mk; Mz;L ,e;j jpl;lk; jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gl;lJ. [g;ghd; Gf;Fkhtpy; 2011Mk; Mz;L 

mZ ciy tpgj;Jf;Fg; gpd; ,e;j Kbit n[u;kd; murhq;fk; epuhfupj;jJ. 

Vnddpd; mtu;fspd; eltbf;iffspy; ngUk; mghaq;fs; ,Ug;gjhy;> mZrf;jp 

epiyaq;fSf;F mjpf fhg;gPL kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G nryTfs; cs;sd. Mifahy;> mZrf;jp 

kpd; epiyaj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpyfpr; nry;tJ nghUshjhu mu;j;jj;ijj; jUfpd;wJ. 

mZ rf;jpahy; kpd;rhuk; cw;gj;jp nra;tij tpiutpy; KbTf;Ff; nfhz;LtUtjw;F 

1998 

n[u;kdp> mjd; kpd;rhuk; kw;Wk; vupthA 

re;ijfis jhuhskakhf;Ftjw;F rl;lj;ij 

epiwNtw;wpaJ. 

2000 

INuhg ;g pa Mizf;FO INuhg ;ght py ; GJg ;g pf;fj ;jf;f rf;jp> 

Mw ;wy ; jpwd ; kw ;Wk ; fhyepiy ghJfhg ;g pw ;fhd KjyhtJ 

$l;L %Nyhghaj ;ij nts pa pl;lJ.


© dpa/Uli Deck 

© dpa/Jens Wolf 

n[u;kdpa ghuhSkd;wk; ngUk;ghd;ikahf thf;fspj;jJ. ,e;j 

rl;lk; mKYf;F te;jTld; gy;NtW kpd; cw;gj;jp epiyaq;fSk; 

kpd; cw;gj;jpia epWj;jpd. 2022Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; Vida 

Miyfspd; njhopw;ghL epiwTf;Ff; nfhz;Ltug;gLk;. 7 mZ 

kpd; Miyfs; njhlu;e;Jk; n[u;kdpapy; kpd;rhuj;ij toq;Ffpd;wd. 

mit ehl;by; vl;by; xU gq;F kpd;rhuj;ij cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wd. 

fjpupaf;f fopTfis mfw;Wtjw;Fj; Njitahd eltbf;iffs; $l 

mZ rf;jp gad;ghl;by; cs;s rthy;fis Kd;dpiyg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. 

kf;fs; kw;Wk; Rw;Wr; #oiyg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf> ,e;j fopTfs; 

kpfTk; ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F capu;f;Nfhsj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpyf;fp 

ghJfhg;ghf Nrkpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Mokhd Gtpapay; mikg;Gfspy; 

mZ rf;jp fopTfis Nrkpg;gNj rpwe;j topnad;W Jiwrhu; 

epGzu;fs; ek;Gfpd;wdu;. 

n[u;kdp mjd; fjpupaf;f fopTfis Vw;Wkjp nra;a tpUk;gtpy;iy. 

vt;thwhapDk;> ,Wjpahf mfw;Wk; jsj;jpw;fhd nghUj;jkhd 

,lj;ijj; NjLtJ fbdkhdnjd;gJ ep&gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. Muhag;gl;L 

rhj;jpakhd jsq;fis cs;ehl;L kf;fs; vjpu;f;fpd;wdu;. 

,jd; fhuzkhfNt n[u;kdp ,g;NghJ xU Gjpa mZFKiwia 

ifahs;fpd;wJ. ,J r%fj;jpd; midj;J gFjpfspYk; 

ntspg;gilahd kw;Wk; tpQ;Qhd mbg;gilapyhd Njly; 

nrad;Kiwia cs;slf;fpaJ. 2031Mk; Mz;by;> Fwpg;ghf 

cau;kl;l fjpupaf;f fopTf;fhd ,Wjp ,lj;ij fz;Lgpbg;gJ 

Nehf;fkhFk;. ,e;j jsk; xU kpy;ypad; tUl fhyg;gFjpf;fhd 

rpwe;j ghJfhg;G epiyia toq;f Ntz;Lk;. vdNt> ,Wjp 

foptfw;wy; Kbit mZ rf;jp nryTfNs nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. 

n[u;kdpaplk; Vw;fdNt Fiwe;j kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd fjpupaf;f 

fopTfis mfw;Wtjw;fhf xU mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l ,Wjp mfw;Wk; 

jsk; cs;sJ. nfhd;uhl; nunghrplup vd;w jsk; 2022Mk; Mz;L 

jpwe;Jitf;f jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

2000 

GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jp tsq;fs ; rl;l%yk; n[u;kdpapy; 

eilKiwf;F te;jJ. ,r ;rl;lkhdJ n[u;kdpapy; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f 

rf;jp tsu;r;rpf;F gpd;dhy; cs;s ce;J rf;jpahf khWk;. 

2000 

n[u ;kd ; murhq ;fk ; mZ rf;jpia epWj ;j 

KbTnra ;jJ. mZ rf;jp Miyfs ; 

mjpfgl;rkhf 32 Mz ;Lfs ; ,aq ;f 

mDkj pf ;fg ;gl;lJ.



2002 

KjyhtJ rf;jp Nrkpg;G fl;lisr; rl;lk; mKYf;F te;jJ. ,r;rl;lkhdJ 

Gjpa kw;Wk; ,Uf;Fk; fl;llq;fspd; xl;Lnkhj;j nraw;jpwd; juepiyfis 

mikf;fpd;wJ.


njhopy;tha;g;G kw;Wk; nghUshjhuk; 

'mjpfkhd kf;fs; 

vndu;[pntz;Nl fhuzkhf jk; 

njhopy;fis ,og;ghh;fsh?" 

,y;iy> rhjfkhd tpisTfisNa juf;$baJ. vndu;[pntz;Nl> 

nghUshjhu mu;j;jq;fis cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. Rw;Wr;#oy; kw;Wk; 

gr;irtPl;L thA khirf; Fiwf;fpd;wJ. fz;Lgpbg;Gfisj; 

J}z;Lfpd;wJ> n[u;kdpapd; kjpg;ig mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. rf;jp ,wf;Fkjp 

nryTfisj; jLf;fpd;wJ. gpuhe;jpa epWtdq;fshy; toq;fg;gLk; 

epWty; kw;Wk; guhkupg;G Nghd;w cl;fl;likg;G Ntiyfshy;> 

GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jp kw;Wk; Mw;wy;jpwd; fl;likg;G Nkk;ghLfspd; 

tsu;r;rpapypUe;J mjpfkhd tUthahdJ cs;ehl;by; jq;Ffpd;wJ. 

GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpfspd; tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; Mw;wy;jpwd; KjyPLfs; 

Gjpa njhopy; JiwfisAk; vjpu;fhy tsu;r;rpj;Jiwfspy; 

NtiyfisAk; cUthf;fpd;wJ. tu;j;jf> njhopy; kw;Wk; fl;blj; 

Jiwfspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l rf;jpjpwd; eltbf;iffs; khj;jpuk; 

560>000 njhopy;tha;;g;Gfis cUthf;fpAs;sd. mNjNeuk;> 

GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jp KjyPLfs; gj;J tUlq;fspy; ,j;JiwapYs;s 

Copau;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia ,ul;bg;ghf;fTs;sJ. 

Fwpg;ghf vz;nza;> vupthA> epyf;fup gpupj;njLj;jy; kw;Wk; 

kpd;rhu cw;gj;jpapy; Gijgbt vupnghUl;fs; Kf;fpa gq;F 

tfpf;Fk; njhopy;Jiwfspd; Gjpa gjtpfs; rpy njhopy;fspy; 

Ntiyfis khw;Wfpd;wd. mq;Nf nghJf;fl;likg;G khw;wq;fSk; 

,Ue;jd. cjhuzkhf> INuhg;ghtpd; rf;jp re;ijfspd; 

jhuhskakhf;fk; Nghl;bj;jd;ikia mjpfupj;Js;sJ. ,jd; 

nghUs;> epWtdq;fs; kpfTk; tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fjhf ,Uf;f 

Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j fhuzpfs; midj;Jk; Ntiy nra;Ak; ,lj;jpYk; 

khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. mjd; tpisthf> mz;iika 

Mz;Lfspy; tof;fkhd vuprf;jpJiwapy; Copau;fspd; vz;zpf;if 

Fiwe;Jtpl;lJ. 


2003 

gr;irtPl;L thAf;fSf;fhd xU gpizg;G 

ckpo;T tu;;j;jf mikg;ig INuhg;gh 

Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wJ. 

2004 

n[u;kdpapy; 160>000 kf;fs; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f 

rf;jp Jiwapy; gzpahw;Wfpd;wdu;.


cynfq;fpYk; gRik rf;jp khw;wk; 

'vndu;[pntz;Nl n[u;kdpapy; 

njhopw;gLk;- vdpDk; 

mjidg; Nghd;W ];jpukhd 

nghUshjhuk; mw;w ehLfs; 

vd;d nra;tJ?" 

© dpa/epa Business Wire 

© dpa 

vndu;[pntz;Nl Mlk;gukhdnjhd;wy;y. khwhf Gj;jhf;fj;jpd; Clhf epiyahd 

kw;Wk; ,yhgfukhd tsu;r;rpf;F Cf;fkspf;Fk;> mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; nropg;G 

Mfpatw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jk; vjpu;fhy tsu;r;rpj;Jiwfspy; Ntiyfis cUthf;Fk; 

jpl;lkhFk;. vdNt mJ cynfq;fpYk; cs;s xt;nthU ehl;bYk; mjd; 

rf;jp mikg;G Kiwia njhlu;e;Jk; epiyj;jpUf;fr; nra;tij nfhs;ifahf 

nfhz;Ls;sJ Mr;rupaky;y. 

mz;ika tUlq;fspy; cyf mstpy; fhw;W kw;Wk; #upa rf;jpapd; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f 

njhopy;El;gq;fspd; tpiyfs; tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sd. Muk;g fl;lj;jpy; Muha;r;rp 

kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp KjyPLfs;> mNjNghd;W GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpfSf;F gy;NtW 

njhopy;kakhf;fg;gl;l ehLfspy; epjpAjtp xU gpbiag; ngw cjtpdhYk;> Fwpg;ghf 

n[u;kdpapy; tpiyfspd; rupT Fwpg;gplj;jf;f jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. 

2005 

ckpo;T tu;j;jfk; INuhg;ghtpy; 

Muk;gkhdJ. INuhg;gpa xd;wpa 

mq;fj;Jt ehLfs; midj;Jk; 

,e;j jpl;lj;jpy; gq;nfLj;jd. 

2007 

GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jp mgptpUj;jp> fhyepiy 

ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; jpwd; rf;jp Mfpa ,yf;Ffs; 

,ize;j 2020 fhyepiy kw;Wk; Mw;wy; 

njhFg;ig INuhg;gpa xd;wpak; Vw;gLj;jpaJ. 

2007 

Yap]; ghku; vd;gtu; KOikahf #upa 

rf;jpapy; ,aq;Fk; Nrhyhu; nlf;rp fhu; 

xd;wpy; cyfj;ijr; Rw;wp te;jhu;. mtuJ 

Rw;Wyh 18 khjq;fs; njhlu;e;jJ.


© dpa/epa Business Wire 

© dpa 

KjyPl;L nryTfspd; rupT kw;Wk; ,af;f nryTfs; 

Fiwf;fg;gl;ljw;F ed;wp. mjdhy; cyfpd; rpy gFjpfspy; 

khdpaq;fs; ,d;wp GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpfs; jw;NghJ 

Nghl;bj; jd;ikAld; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. cjhuzkhf 

tl kw;Wk; njd; mnkupf;fhtpy; Gijgbt vupnghUs; 

kpd; Miyfs; Nkw;nfhs;tijtpl> kypthf fhw;whiy 

kw;Wk; #upa glyq;fs; kpd;rhuj;ij toq;Ffpd;wd. rPdh> 

gpNurpy;> njd;dhgpupf;fh kw;Wk; ,e;jpah Nghd;w ehLfs; 

GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy; Kd;dzpapy; 

cs;sd. vt;thwhapDk;> Efu;Nthu; tpiyfis Fiwthf 

itg;gjw;F ehLfspy; Gijgbt vupnghUl;fis khdpakhf 

toq;Ftjd; %yk; ,e;j tpupthf;fk; rpy Neuq;fspy; 

jLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Vwj;jho xU tUlj;Jf;F 325 gpy;ypad; 

mnkupf;f nlhyu;fs;> ,e;j khdpaq;fs; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f 

rf;jpf;fhd tplaq;fistpl ,uz;L klq;F mjpfkhdjhFk;. 

rf;jpjpwd; Nkk;ghl;Lj; jpl;lq;fSf;F ,e;j khdpaq;fs; 

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ vd;why; %d;W klq;F mjpf epjp 

fpilf;Fk;. 

2008 

fl;blq;fSf;fhd rf;jp flTr;rPl;il n[u;kd; mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. 

mJ fl;blq;fspd; rf;jp Efu;T kw;Wk; jpwd; Fwpj;j jfty;fis 

toq;Ffpd;wJ. GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpfSf;fhd rl;l%yk; Gjpa 

fl;blq;fspy; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f tsq;fspd; %yk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l msT 

ntg;g cw;gj;jpia toq;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; $WfpwJ. 

2009 

ru;tNjr GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f kpd;rf;jp epWtdk; 

(IRENA) 75 ehLfshy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.


kpd; tpepNahf mikg;G 

];khu;l; tpepNahf mikg;G 

n[u;kdpapd; rf;jp Kiwia khw;Wtjw;F etPd kw;Wk; jpwikahd cl;fl;likg;G 

Njit. ,jd; nghUs;> Gjpa kpd; rf;jp kpd; Rw;Wf;fs; epWtg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 

mNj Neuj;jpy; Kiwik kpfTk; nefpo;thdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. n[u;kdpapd; 

mZ rf;jp epiyaq;fs; %lg;gl;Ltpl;lhy;> Fwpg;ghf tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F 

n[u;kdpapy; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jp Miyfs; gw;whf;Fiwia re;jpf;Fk;. njw;F 

n[u;kdpapy; ,e;j rf;jp Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. ,q;Nf mike;Js;s mZ rf;jp 

Miyfs; khw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;. njw;Nf xU ngupa kf;fs; njhif kw;Wk; ngupa 

njhopy;Jiw epWtdq;fSk; cs;sd. Gjpa kpd;rhu neLQ;rhiyfs;> Fwpg;ghf 

jpwikahd njhopy;El;gj;Jld; tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F n[u;kdpapy; fhw;whiyfshy; 

cUthf;fg;gLk; kpd;rf;jp Neubahf njw;fpw;F nfhz;L nry;yg;gLk;. 

INuhg;gpa cs;sf kpd; rf;jp re;ij> n[u;kdpapy; fpupl; tpupthf;fj;jpw;F gpd;dhy; 

,uz;lhtJ ce;J rf;jpahf cs;sJ. kpd;rhuj;ij INuhg;gh KOtjpYk; 

Rje;jpukhfTk; Efu;NthUf;F kypthdjhfTk; toq;Ftjw;F cWg;G ehLfspYk; 

vy;iyfspYk; rpwe;j cl;fl;likg;G Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. INuhg;gpa xypgug;G fpupl; 

,af;Fdu;fs; ,uz;L Mz;LfSf;F xUKiw $l;L kpd; tpepNahf tsu;r;rp 

jpl;lj;ij Kd;itf;fpd;wdu;. ,e;j jpl;lj;jpy; midj;J n[u;kd; jpl;lq;fSk; 

Nru;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

© dpa/Stefan Sauer 

© dpa/euroluftbild.de/Hans Blossey 

n[u;kdpapd; kpd;rhuk; toq;Fk; ,af;Fdu;fs; (Grid operators) jkJ nrhe;j 

kjpg;gPLfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. mtu;fs; 10 njhlf;fk; 20 Mz;LfSf;F gpd;dhy; 

ehl;Lf;F vj;jid kpd;rhu ,izg;Gfs; Njitg;gLk; vd fzpg;gpLfpd;wdu;. 

mtu;fspd; jpl;l Kd;nkhopTfs; kj;jpa muR tiyaikg;G Kftu; vd;w mur 

mjpfhurigapdhy; guPl;rpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j njhlu; nrad;Kiwapy; nghJ 

kf;fs; mjpf mstpy; R+oy;> 

kw;Wk; nghUshjhuk; vd;gtw;wpd; Njitfis rpwg;ghf G+u;j;jp nra;af;$ba 

jPu;T vJ vd;gij fz;lwpa ciuahly; mbg;gilahd mZFKiw xd;iw 

gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. 

2009 

gtu; fpupl; tpupthf;f rl;lk; Gjpa cau; kpd;dOj;j 

kpd; toq;fSf;fhd xg;Gjy; nrad;Kiwia 

Ntfg;gLj;jpaJ. 

2010 

n[u ;kd ; murhq ;fk ; 2050 Mk ; Mz ;L tiu n[u ;kd pa pd ; rf;jp 

toq ;fSf;fhd ePz ;l fhy %Nyhghak ; vd ;w rf;jp fUJNfhis 

Vw ;Wf ;nfhz ;lJ


© dpa/Stefan Sauer 


n[u;kdpapd; rf;jp epiykhw;wy; 

(Energiewende) jpl;lk; tpz;ntspf;F 

kdpjid mDg;gpa jpl;lj;Jf;F xg;ghdJ 

- n[u;kd; mjpgu; gpuhq;f; thy;lu; 

kpd;tpepNahf tiyaikg;Gk; (Distribution Grid) GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f 

rf;jp (Green Energy) tsq;fSf;F khw;wkilAk; Nehf;fpy; 

juKau;j;jg;gl Ntz;ba Njit fhzg;gl;lJ. me;j 

tiyaikg;G Efu;NthUf;F kpd;rhuj;ij khj;jpuk; toq;Fk; 

xUtopg;ghij Nghd;W Muk;gj;jpy; tbtikf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. 

vdpDk; rk fhyj;jpy; fpl;lj;jl;l midj;J R+upa rf;jp 

gpwg;ghf;fp epiyaq;fs; kw;Wk; mjpfkhd fhw;whiyfs; 

vd;gd kpd;tpepNahf tiyaikg;Gf;F kpd;rhuj;ij 

toq;Ffpd;wd. cs;s+Uf;F Njitaw;w Nkyjpf kpd;rhuk; 

vjpu;jpirapy; nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk;> GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f 

rf;jp cw;gj;jp fhyepiyf;F Vw;g khWgLfpd;wJ. R+upa 

xsp ed;F fpilf;Fk; Neuq;fspy; R+upa rf;jp gpwg;ghf;fpfs; 

cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; $badthfTs;s mNjNtis> Mfhak; 

Nkf %l;lj;Jld; fhzg;gLk; Neuq;fspy; mtw;wpd; ntspaPL 

tPo;r;rpailfpd;wJ. tpepNahf tiyaikg;Gfs; juKau;j;jg;gl 

Ntz;Lk;. kpd;rhu cw;gj;jp $bf;FiwAk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; 

$l mit Gj;jp rhJupak; kpf;f tiyaikg;Gfshf fhzg;gl 

Ntz;Lk;. Gj;jp rhJupak; kpf;f tiyaikg;G xd;wpy; 

mjDld; njhlu;Ggl;l midtUf;Fkpilapy; njhlu;ghly; 

fhzg;gLk;> mjhtJ egu;fs; kw;Wk; kpd;rhuj;ij cUthf;Fk;> 

nfhz;L nry;Yk;> Nrkpf;Fk;> tpepNahfpf;Fk; kw;Wk; EfUk; 

mikg;GfSf;fpilapyhd njhlu;ghlyhFk;. ,jd; %ykhf 

cw;gj;jp tpidj;jpwDld; xUq;fpizf;fg;gLtJld; FWfpa 

fhymwptpg;gpy; mit Vw;wthW mikf;fg;gl KbAk;. 

(glk;: vt;thW xU Gj;jprhJupak; kpf;f tiyaikg;G 

,aq;Ffpd;wJ?) 

2010 

INuhg ;g pa xd ;wpak ; fl;blq ;fs pd ; rf;jp nraw ;ghL 

njhlu ;g py ; nghJf;fl;lis xd ;iw Vw ;Wf;nfhz ;lJ. 

2021 Mk ; Mz ;L njhlf;fk ; midj ;J Gjpa 

fl;blq ;fSk ; fpl;lj ;jl;l G+r ;r pa rf;jp nfhz ;l 

fl;llq ;fshf ,Uf ;f Ntz ;Lk ;. 

2010 

n[u ;kd pa pd ; rf;jp Kftu ; mikg ;G (Dena) 

n[u ;kd pa pd ; kpd ;rhu toq ;fypy ; fpl;lj ;jl;l 

40% GJg ;g pf;fj ;jf;f rf;jpia toq ;f Njitahd 

tiyaikg ;G mjpfu pg ;g pd ; Njit gw ;wpa Ma ;T 

xd ;iw nts pa pl;lJ.


toq;fypd; ghJfhg;G 

#upa rf;jp khw;Wk; 

fhw;wpdhy; jug;gLk; 

mjpf kpd;toq;fyhdJ 

ghJfhg;ghdjh ? 

n[u;khdpau;fs; vjpu;fhyj;jpy; njhlu;r;rpahd ek;gfj;jd;ik tha;e;j rf;jp toq;fypy; jq;fpapUf;f 

KbAk;. me;j ehl;bd; rf;jp toq;fy; cyfpd; kpfr;rpwe;j rf;jp toq;fypy; xd;whFk;. tUlj;jpd; 8>760 

kzpj;jpahyq;fspy; ruhrupahf 12.8 epkplq;fSf;F khj;jpuNk kpd; toq;fy; jilg;gLfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; 

R+upa rf;jp kw;Wk; fhw;whiyfs; %yk; mjpfupj;J tUk; kpd;rhuk; cw;gj;jpahy; mz;ika tUlq;fspy; 

kpd;ntl;Lfs; NkYk; Fiwtile;Js;sd. 

(glk;: n[u;kdpapy; kpd; ntl;Lfs; kpfTk; mupjhdit). 

© dpa/Moravic Jakub 


kpd;rhu cw;gj;jpapy; Vw;gLk; Vw;wj;jho;T fhuzkhf cUthFk; kpd;ntl;Lfs; kpfTk; mupjhdit. 

kpd;ntl;Lfs; ngUghYk; ntspaf fhuzpfs; kw;Wk; kdpjj; jtWfs; fhuzkhfNt Vw;gLfpd;wd. 

fle;j etk;gu; 4> 2006 ,y; n[u;kdpapd; gFjpfspy; ,lk;ngw;w ghupa kpd;ntl;Lf;Fk; ,JNt fhuzkhf 

mike;jJ. rf;jp njhFjp xd;wpd; toikahd ,af;f epWj;jk; xd;wpdhy; Vw;gl;l ,e;j kpd;ntl;L 

,uz;L kzp Neuk; tiu ePbj;jJ. ,e;j ,af;f epWj;jk; Vida njhFjpfspy; Nkyjpf Rikia 

Vw;gLj;jp INuhg;gpa toq;fy; tiyaikg;gpy; rq;fpypj;njhluhd jhf;fk; xd;Wf;F toptFj;jJ. ,e;j 

rk;gtj;jpd; gpd;du; n[u;kdp kw;Wk; mz;ila INuhg;gpa ehLfspy; ghJfhg;G nghwpKiw NkYk; 

Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 

cjhuzkhf> jl;Lg;ghLfis jLf;f Nkyjpf kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaq;fis xJf;fp itj;Js;sJ. 

,e;j epiyaq;fs; kpd; Efu;T $ba Fspu;fhy khjq;fSf;F kpfTk; mtrpakhdit. mj;Jld; 

,e;jf; fhyg;gFjpapNyNa fhw;whiyfs; kpfTk; mjpfkhf kpd; cw;gj;jpia Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wd. 

toq;fy; tiyaikg;G n[u;kdpapd; tlf;F gFjpapypUe;J njw;F gFjpf;F mjpfsthd kpd;rhuj;ij 

flj;Jkhapd; ,e;j xJf;fg;gl;l epiyaq;fs; njw;fpy; cs;s Njitia G+u;j;jp nra;Ak;. 

[g;ghdpd; GF\pkh gFjpapy; mZrf;jp epiyaj;jpy; ghupa tpgj;J xd;W ,lk;ngw;wJ. 

2011 

[g;ghdpd; GF\pkh gFjpapy; mZrf;jp epiyaj;jpy; ghupa tpgj;J xd;W 

,lk;ngw;wJ. n[u;kdp kpd;rhu cw;gj;jpapy; mZrf;jpapd; gq;fspg;ig 

2022 Mk; Mz;Lld; ePf;fpf; nfhs;s jPu;khdpj;Js;sJ. ,J Muk;gj;jpy; 

jpl;lkplg;gl;ljw;F Kd;djhfNt ,lk;ngw cs;sJ. cldbahf 8 gioa 

mZ kpd;rf;jp epiyaq;fs; nraypof;f nra;ag;gl;ld. 

2011 

INuhg;gpa xd;wpak; INuhg;ghtpy; R+oy; 

ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; rf;jp toq;fy; vd;gtw;iw 

fUj;jpy; nfhz;L rf;jp tPjp tiuglk; 2050 

vd;w Mtzj;ij ntspapLfpd;wJ.


© dpa/Moravic Jakub 


n[u;kdpapd; kpd; toq;fypy; GJg;gpj;jf;f rf;jp %yq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l 

fhyq;fspy; 60% f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l gq;fspg;ig toq;Ffpd;wd. mj;Jld; 

vjpu;tUk; tUlq;fspy; mjpfupj;J nry;y cs;sJ. NtWgl;l GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f 

rf;jp %yq;fs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W Jiz Guptdthf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 

guPl;rhu;j;j jpl;lq;fs; NtWgl;l tif kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaq;fspypUe;J 

ngwg;gLk; rf;jp cUthf;fj;ij xd;wpizf;f KbAk; vd fhz;gpf;fpd;wd. 

vdNt ,jd; %ykhf kpfTk; jq;fpapUf;f $ba kpd; toq;fiy 

,J rhj;jpakhf;Ffpd;wJ. R+upa ntspr;rk; my;yJ fhw;W ,y;yhj 

fhyg;gFjpfspy; ghuk;gupakhd nefpo;jpwd;kpf;f kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaq;fspy; 

Vw;gLk; ,ilntspia ePf;f cjTk;. ,t;thwhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; vupthA 

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaq;fs; ed;F gzpGupfpd;wd. vdpDk; mKf;f fsQ;rpa 

kw;Wk; capupay; rf;jp kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaq;fSk; tpiuthf rf;jpia 

toq;f ,aYkhdit. vdpDk; ,q;Fs;s jpl;lk; eLj;ju kw;Wk; ePz;l 

fsQ;rpa Kiwikfs; %yk; mt;thwhd fhyg;gFjpfspy; Vw;gLk; 

,ilntspfis vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ePf;f cjTtjhFk;. 

,e;j tplaj;jpy; kpd; rf;jp Efu;NthUk;; Kf;fpa gq;Filatu;fNs. 

mtu;fSf;F mjpf fhw;W epyTjy; Nghd;w kpd;rf;jp toq;fy; mjpfk; cs;s 

fhyg;gFjpfspy; kpd;rf;jpia gad;gLj;j Cf;Ftpg;Gfs; toq;fg;gl KbAk;. 

njhopw;rhiyfs;> gz;lfrhiyfs; my;yJ Fsp&l;b fsQ;rpaq;fs; Nghd;w 

ghupa kpd; ghtidahsu;fs; ,e;j topapy; Kiwikapd; xl;L nkhj;j 

Rikia mjpf mstpy; Fiwf;f KbAk;. 

,q;F fhzg;gLk; ghupa rthy; kpd;rf;jp re;ijia kPs;fl;likg;Gf;F 

cl;gLj;JtjhFk;. ,e;j tplaj;jpy; rPh;jpUj;jk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;s 

n[u;kdpapy; Muk;g fl;l eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. ,q;F 

nefpo;jd;ik Kf;fpakhdjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. kpd; rf;jp re;ijapd; 

midj;J ,af;Fdu;fSk; R+upa rf;jp kw;Wk; fhw;wpd; %yk; gpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; 

kpd;rf;jpapd; jsk;gYf;F Vw;g nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;. mNj Neuj;jpy; xl;L 

nkhj;j nryit Fiwf;f tiyaikg;Gfs; NtWgl;l rkepiyahf;Fk; 

njupTfspdpilNa Nghl;bj;jd;ik nfhz;ldthf fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 

epiykhWk; toq;fy; tiyaikg;G ngUf;fk; kw;Wk; Vw;fdNt INuhg;ghtpy; 

fhzg;gl;l NtWgLj;jg;gl;l gpuhe;jpa kpd;rf;jp re;ijfs; vd;gd n[u;kdpf;F 

ghupa jplepiy kw;Wk; nefpo;Tj;jpwd; vd;gtw;iw toq;Ffpd;wd. 

(glk;: vt;thW GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jp %yq;fs; jsk;gy; milfpd;wd?) 

2012 

Njh`htpy; ,lk;ngw;w If;fpa ehLfs; 

rigapd; R+oy; khehl;by; f;Nahlh 

newpKiw (Kyota Protocol) 2020 tiu 

eP;bf;fg;gl;lJ.


fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; 

Fohapy; rf;jp 

© dpa/Hannibal Hanschke 

© Paul Langrock 

vjpu;tUk; 2050 Mk; Mz;L n[u;kdp jdJ kpd; ghtidapy; 80% I GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f 

rf;jpfspy;> gpujhdkhf fhw;whiyfs; kw;Wk; PV Kiwfspy; ,Ue;J toq;f tpUk;Gfpd;wJ. 

Nkfq;fs; rLjpahf Njhd;Wk; my;yJ fhw;W Kd;dwptpg;G ,d;wp epw;Fk; nghOJ me;j 

ehl;Lf;F tpiuthf gad;gLj;jf; $ba kw;Wk; re;ju;g;gj;Jf;F nefpo;jpwd; kpf;f kpd;rhu 

Kiwik xd;W Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. rf;jp Nrkpg;G Kiwikfs; xU jPu;it toq;Ffpd;wd. 

fhw;Wk; R+upa xspAk; mjpfkhf fhzg;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; mtw;why; kpd;rhuj;ij Nrkpf;f 

KbAk;. mt;thW Nrkpf;fg;gl;l kpd;rhuk; Fiwe;j cw;gj;jp epfOk; fhyq;fspy;> ,Us; 

R+o;e;j fhyq;fspy; my;yJ Nkf%l;lk; mjpfkhd fhyg;gFjpfspy; toq;fg;gl KbAk;. 

fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; jPu;Tfs; gy cs;sd. kpd; fyq;fs;> nfhs;sstpfs; kw;Wk; gwf;Fk; 

rf;fuq;fs; (Flywheel) Kiwikfs; Nghd;wd xU ehspy; gy jlitfs; kpd; rf;jpia 

cs;thq;fp ntspaplf;$bait. vdpDk; mtw;wpd; nfhs;ssT FiwthdjhFk;. 

n[u;kdp vf;fp fsQ;rpa epiyaq;fis ePz;l fhyj;Jf;F kpd;rhuj;ij Nrkpf;f gpujhdkhf 

gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,e;j epiyaq;fspy; rpy yf;]k;Ngu;f; kw;Wk; M];jpupah Mfpa 

ehLfspy; fhzg;gLtJld; n[u;kdpa toq;fy; tiyaikg;Gld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

mit rk fhyj;jpy; 9 GW kpd;rhuj;ij Nrkpf;Fk; nfhs;ssT nfhz;lit. ,J 

INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpy; n[u;kdpf;F mjp$ba fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; nfhs;ssit toq;fpa 

NghJk; mtw;iw ngUg;gpg;gjw;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l gug;G vy;iyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt 

n[u;kdp mjpf Nrkpg;G trjpfs; nfhz;Ls;s ehLfSld; neUf;fkhf nraw;gLfpd;wJ. 

me;j tifapy; mT];jpNuypah> Rtp];yhe;J kw;Wk; Nehu;Nt Mfpad Kf;fpa ehLfshFk; 

fhw;iw mKf;fj;jpy; Nrkpg;gJ rf;jpia ePz;l fhyk; Nrkpf;f fhzg;gLk; ,d;ndhU 

KiwahFk;. ,q;F Nkyjpf rf;jp fhw;iw epyf;fPo; ,lq;fs; kw;Wk; cg;Gf;ftpif (Salt 

2013 

n[u;kdp KjyhtJ kpd;rhu flj;jy; tiyaikg;gpd; tpUj;jp 

njhlu;gpy; kj;jpa mur Njitfs; jpl;lkply; Njitfs; 

rl;l%yj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJ. 

2013 

KjyhtJ Kw;WKOjhf Gjpjhf cUthf;fg;gl;l kpd;rf;jpapy; 

,aq;Fk; fhu;fspd; ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhd cw;gj;jp 

Muk;gkhdJ.


© dpa/Hannibal Hanschke 

© Paul Langrock 

Dome) Nghd;w ,lq;fSf;Fs; mKf;f gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. 

NjitNaw;gbd; ,e;j mKf;fg;gl;l fhw;wpd; rf;jp xU gpwg;ghf;fpia 

,af;f itj;J kpd;rf;jpia cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. 

thAf;F rf;jp toq;Fjy; ePz;l fhy rf;jp Nrkpg;Gf;F mjpfk; 

rhj;jpak; kpf;f fUJNfhshf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,q;F GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f 

kpd;rf;jp kpd;gFg;G %yk; Ijurd; my;yJ njhFf;fg;gLk; ,aw;if 

thAf;fshf khw;w gad;gLfpd;wJ. ,q;Fs;s mD$yk; ahnjdpy; 

Ijurd; kw;Wk; ,aw;if thAf;fs; vd;gd fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gl> 

cldbahf gad;gLj;jg;gl my;yJ ,aw;if thA 

tiyaikg;Gf;Fs; GFj;jg;gl KbAk;> ,e;j thAf;fs; ,yFthf 

nfhz;L nry;yg;gl kw;Wk; nefpo;j;jpwDld; gad;gLj;jgg;l KbAk;. 

rf;jp epiyaq;fs; Njitf;F Vw;g mtw;iw kpd;rhukhfNth 

my;yJ ntg;gkhfNth khw;w KbAk;. mj;Jld; Efu;Nthu; mij 

rikaYf;F> ntg;gk; toq;f my;yJ jkJ fhu;fSf;F rf;jp toq;f 

gad;gLj;jyhk;. 

vdNt n[u;kd; murhq;fk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; nryitf; Fiwf;Fk; 

toptiffis fz;L gpbf;Fk; Ma;Tfis Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ. fle;j 

2011 njhlf;fk; muR fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; epjp toq;fy; Kd;ndLg;G 

xd;iw Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ. fle;j 2013 Kjy; mJ rpwpa 

kw;Wk; gutyhf;fg;gl;l PV KiwikAld; ,izf;fg;gl;l fsQ;rpa 

KiwikfSf;F epjp toq;fp tUfpd;wJ. kpd; tiyaikg;Gfspy; 

Vw;gLk; rpwpa rkepiy mw;w jd;ikfis tpiuthf rkg;gLj;jy; 

kpd;fyq;fis gad;gLj;Jk; Gjpa topKiwahFk;. ,jd; nghUs; 

gad;ghl;by; ,y;yhj kpd;rhuj;jpy; ,aq;Fk; thfdq;fs; kpd; 

toq;fiy Mw;Wg;gLj;j gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;. ,t;thwhd kpd;fy 

Kiwikfspd; re;ij mwpKfk; Ma;T> Gj;jhf;fk; vd;gtw;iw 

Vw;gLj;JtNjhL nryitAk; Fiwf;Fk;. 

vjpu;tUk; tUlq;fspy; kpd;rhu Nrkpg;Gf;fhd Nfs;tp tpNrlkhf 

kpd;rf;jp %yk; ,aq;Fk; thfdq;fspd; fhuzkhf mjpfupf;Fk;. 

kpd;rhu $l;biztpy; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpfs; ngUk; gq;F tfpf;Fk; 

epiyapy; tiyaikg;gpy; midj;J Nrkpg;G njhopy;El;gq;fSf;Fk; 

nryT Fiwe;j KiwikfNs rhj;jpakhd xNunahU topahFk;. 

FWfpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju fhy mbg;gilapy; Vida njupTfs; nryT 

Fiwe;jdthf fhzg;gLk;. ,tw;wpy; tiyaikg;G ePl;rp my;yJ 

tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f rf;jp gad;ghl;Lf;fhf cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; ghtid 

vd;gd cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. 

2014 

n[u;kdp GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jp %yq;fs; rl;l%yj;jpy; rPu;jpUj;jq;fis Nkw;nfhz;lJ. ,e;j rl;l%yj;jpy; jw;nghOJ tUlhe;j 

mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffs; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; re;ij ,izg;G tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

INuhg;gpa xd;wpak; 2030f;fhd rf;jp kw;Wk; fhyepiy ,yf;Ffis Vw;fpd;wJ. ,e;j ,yf;Ffspy; gr;ir tPl;L thA ntspNaw;wj;ij 

40% My; Fiwj;jy;> GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpapd; gq;if Fiwe;jJ 27% Mff;nfhz;bUj;jy; kw;Wk; rf;jp Efu;it Fiwe;jJ 27% 

My; Fiwj;jy; vd;gd cs;slq;Ffpd;wd.


kf;fs; kw;Wk; rf;jp epiykhw;wk 

'rf;jp epiykhw;wk; %yk; 

nghJ kf;fs; vt;thW 

gadiltu;?" 

dpa/Marc Ollivier 

rf;jp epiykhw;wy; jpl;lk; kf;fs; Mjuitg; ngWk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; khj;jpuNk 

ntw;wpailAk;. mJ kf;fs; nrYj;jf; $ba fl;lq;fspy; rf;jpia ngw;Wf;nfhs;s 

Kbtjpy; jq;fpAs;sJ. vdpDk; ,e;j rf;jp toq;fy; kPs fl;likf;fg;gLtjpy; kf;fSk; 

Neubahf ed;ikailtu;. mjpfkhd kf;fs; vt;thW jkJ tPLfspy; rf;jpia 

Nrkpf;f KbAk; vd mwpTiu Nfl;fpd;wdu;. jkJ tPLfspy; gioa ntg;gkhf;fy; 

Kiwikfis khw;wpaikf;Fk; my;yJ rf;jp tpidj;jpwd; Nkk;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;s 

Fiwe;j tl;bAldhd fld;fs; mj;Jld; mur epjpfis ngWtu;. Gjpjhf mLf;Fkhb 

FbapUg;nghd;iw thliff;F vLf;f tpUk;Gk; egu;fs; mq;F vt;tsT rf;jp Efug;gLk; 

kw;Wk; mjd; nryT vd;d Nghd;w jfty;fis cldbahf ngw;Wf; nfhs;tu;. 

mj;Jld; mtu;fs; Gjpa ryit ,ae;jpuk;> fzzp my;yJ kpd;tpsf;F xd;iw 

nfhs;tdT nra;Ak;NghJ me;j nghUspd; rf;jp tpidj;jpwd; jutupir nghUspd; 

tpiyg;gl;baypy; mr;rplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. 

© dpa/Westend61/Tom Chance © dpa/Bodo Marks 

2015 

n[u;kdp Njrpa rf;jp tpidj;jpwd; nraw;ghl;L jpl;lj;ij 

Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJld; 2020 R+oy; nraw;ghl;L epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;ij 

mwpKfk; nra;jJ. Kjy; jlitahf n[u;kdpapy; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f 

rf;jpfs; rf;jpapd; Kf;fpa %ykhf khw;wkilfpd;wJ. rf;jp re;ijapy; 

mit 27.4% Mf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 

2016 

If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; fhyepiy khw;w khehL ghup]py;> 

,lk;ngw;wJ. 195 ehLfs; cyf ntg;gkhjiy mjpf gl;rk; 

2°C Mf kl;Lg;gLj;j ,zq;fpd.

dpa/Marc Ollivier 


nghJkf;fs; ghuk;gupa rf;jp Jiwapy; fhw;whiyfspy; KjyPL nra;Js;s kw;Wk; 

capu;thA cw;gj;jp epiyaq;fis nfhz;Ls;s nghJkf;fshYk; 

cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. n[u;kdpapy; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s 1.5 

kpy;ypaDf;Fk; mjpfkhd PV njhFjpfspy; ngUk;ghyhdit 

Ntwhf;fg;gl;Ls;s tPLfspd; $iufspNyNa nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n[u;kdpapy; cs;s fhw;whiyfspy; miuthrpf;Fk; 

mjpfkhdtw;wpy; nghJ kf;fs; KjyPLfis Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sdu;. 

miuthrpf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l capupay; rf;jp KjyPLfs; 

tptrhapfshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

jkJ nrhe;j GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jp njhopy;El;gj;ij nghUj;j 

my;yJ epjpapl trjpaw;wtu;fs; Vidatu;fSld; ,ize;J 

nraw;gl KbAk;. rf;jp epiykhw;wy; jpl;lj;jpy; fpl;lj;jl;l 

850 rf;jp $l;LwT rq;fq;fis Nru;e;j 180>000 cWg;gpdu;fs; 

KjyPLfis Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,e;j KjyPLfs; 100 

A+Nuhf;fspy; ,Ue;J Muk;gkhfpd;wd. 

Nkyjpfkhf rf;jp epiykhw;wy; jpl;lj;jpd; jplkhd tplaq;fspy; 

nghJkf;fs; jkJ fUj;Jf;fis $w KbAk;. cjhuzkhf 

mtu;fspd; gpuNjrj;jpy; xU Gjpa fhw;whiy epWtg;gl 

cs;sjhapd; mJ gw;wpa mtu;fsJ fupridfs; kw;Wk; 

tpUg;Gfis mtu;fs; ntspapl KbAk;. n[u;kdp KOtJk; 

ghupa msTfspy; kpd;rhuj;ij flj;j epu;khzpf;fg;gl cs;s 

jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;s Gjpa flj;jpfs; njhlu;gpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; 

fye;Jiuahly;fspy; nghJkf;fs; capu;g;ghd tfpghfk; xd;iwf; 

nfhz;Ls;sdu;. nghJkf;fs; tiyaikg;G ePl;rp Njitfs; 

fzf;fplg;gl;l re;ju;g;gq;fspy; jkJ Nehf;Ffis $Wtjw;fhf 

,e;j fye;Jiuahly;fspd; Muk;gj;jpNyNa gq;F nfhs;s 

miof;fg;gl;ldu;. mj;Jld; mtu;fs; flj;Jk; fk;gpfspd; rupahd 

ghijia jPu;khdpj;jy; cl;gl midj;J Vida jpl;lkply; 

eltbf;iffspYk; gq;Nfw;wdu;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf kj;jpa 

murpd; tiyaikg;G Kftu; mikg;G kw;Wk; tiyaikg;G 

,aq;Fdu;fsplk; ,Ue;J flj;jy; fk;gpfs; jpl;lk; gw;wpa 

jfty;fis Kiwrhu; xOq;FKiwfs; Muk;gkhtjw;F Kd;dNu 

ngWfpd;wdu;. 

,e;j eltbf;iffs; rf;jp tiyaikg;G nghJkf;fs; 

ciuahlYf;F Jiz Guptjhf mike;jd. ,e;j nghJ kf;fs; 

ciuahlYf;F cs;s+u; mYtyfq;fs; fhzg;gLtJld; mit 

ePl;rp jpl;lq;fs; jpl;lkplg;gLk; gpuNjrq;fspy; nghJ kf;fSf;F 

epfo;Tfis Vw;ghL nra;fpd;wJ. ,e;j ciuahly;fs; Muk;g 

fl;lq;fspy; elj;jgg;Ltjd; %yk; jpl;lj;ij Kd;nfhz;L 

nry;tJ ,yFthf fhzg;gLtJld; nghJ kf;fs; mtw;iw 

Vw;Fk; jd;ik mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. 

2016 

ghup]; cld;ghL etk;gu; 4 Mk; jpfjp mKYf;F te;jJ. n[u;kdp 

GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpfSf;fhd epjp toq;fiy kPs; fl;likg;G nra;jJ. 

2017 njhlf;fk; midj;J tif njhopy;El;gq;fSf;Fk; tpiykDf;fs; 

Nfhug;gl;ld. 

2018 

INuhg;gpa fTd;rpy; kw;Wk; INuhg;gpa ghuhSkd;wk; vd;gd 

INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpy; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jpapd; cUthf;fk; 

kw;Wk; gad;ghL vd;gtw;Wf;F Mjutspf;Fk; Ml;rp 

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+ ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLk; kpd;rhuk; 

- Vw;Wkjp nra;ag;gLk; kpd;rhuk; 

---------------------------------------------- 

nkhj;j kpd;rhu Efu;T 

ntg;g gk;gp 

ntg;g gk;gpfs; cjhuzkhf 

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The German Energiewende - Tamil

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