M.A. (Education) Part I and II - Nalanda Open University

NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY 

M.A. [Education] 

PART–I, PAPER–I 

¼Principles of Education½ 

Annual Examination, 2012 

Time : 3 Hours Full Marks : 80 

fdUgha fdUgha fdUgha fdUgha ik¡p ik¡p ik¡p ik¡p iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa ds ds ds ds mÙkj mÙkj mÙkj mÙkj nhft, nhft, nhft, nhft, A A A A lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa ds ds ds ds vad vad vad vad leku leku leku leku gSa gSa gSa gSa A AA 

A 

Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks. 

1. Define Education and discuss aims of education. 

f'k{kk dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk f'k{kk ds mís';ksa dh foospuk dhft, A 

2. Write an essay on different bases of education. 

f'k{kk ds fofHkUu vk/kkjksa ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A 

3. Describe the role of family in education and explain its relationship with school as an 

agency of education. 

f'k{kk esa ifjokj dh Hkwfedk dh foospuk dhft, rFkk f'k{kk ds ,d vfHkdj.k ds :i esa Ldwy ds 

lkFk blds lEcU/kksa dh O;k[;k dhft, A 

4. What do you mean by curriculum? What are the main principles of curriculum 

construction? 

ikB~;Øe ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ ikB~;Øe fuekZ.k ds eq[; fl)kUr D;k gSa \ 

5. Examine the features of the New Education Policy of 1986. 

1986 dh u;h f'k{kk uhfr dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk ijh{k.k dhft, A 

6. What do you mean by National Integration? Discuss its various dimensions and 

importance. 

jk"Vªh; ,drk ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ blds fofHkUu vk;keksa ,oa egÙo dk foospu dhft, A 

7. Throw light on recommendations given by different Commissions regarding progress 

of women education in India. 

Hkkjr esa L=h&f'k{kk dh izxfr esa fofHkUu vk;ksxksa }kjk nh x;h flQkfj'kksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

8. Examine the role and functions of University Grant Commission in development of 

Higher Education. 

mPp f'k{kk ds fodkl esa fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx dh Hkwfedk ,oa dk;ksZa dk ijh{k.k dhft, A 

9. Discuss the recommendations of Mudalear Commission regarding Secondary Education. 

ek/;fed f'k{kk ds fy, eqnkfy;j vk;ksx }kjk fn;s x;s flQkfj'kksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

10. Discuss the merits and demerits of the essay-type examination pattern. 

fucU/kkRed&ijh{kk Lo:i ds xq.kksa ,oa nks"kksa dk foospu dhft, A 

 

Examination Programme-2012 

M.A Education (Part–I) 

Date Papers Time Examination Centre 

09.05.2012 Paper–I 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna 

11.05.2012 Paper–II 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna 

15.05.2012 Paper–III 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna 

17.05.2012 Paper–IV 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna 

19.05.2012 Paper–V 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna 

21.05.2012 Paper–VI 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna 

23.05.2012 Paper–VII 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna 

25.05.2012 Paper–VIII 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna



PART–I, PAPER–II 

¼Development of Education in India½ 




A 


1. Trace the history of Ancient Indian education system from down of civilization to 

sometime around fourteenth century A.D. 

lH;rk ds izkjEHk ls ysdj yxHkx 14oha 'krkCnh rd dh Hkkjrh; izkphu f'k{kk i)fr ds 

bfrgkl dks js[kkafdr dhft, A 

2. Discuss the contents of Woods Despatch 1854. Examine its importance. 

oqM~l fMLiSp 1854 ds vUrcZLrq dk foospu dhft, A blds egÙo dk ijh{k.k dhft, A 

3. Discuss the significant educational developments in India under colonial administration. 

fczfV'k iz'kklu ds nkSjku Hkkjr esa f'k{kk esa gq, egRoiw.kZ ifjorZuksa ij ppkZ dhft, A 

4. Write an essay on National Development and Education Policy in India. 

Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; fodkl ,oa 'kSf{kd uhfr ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A 

5. Discuss the system of education for Handicapped Children in India. 

Hkkjr esa fodykax ckydksa ds fy, 'kSf{kd O;oLFkk dk foospu dhft, A 

6. Explain the main features of revised National Education Policy, 1992. 

la'kksf/kr jk"Vªh; f'k{kk&uhfr] 1992 dh eq[; fo'ks"krkvksa dks Li"V dhft, A 

7. Examine the status of secular education in Independent India. 

Lora= Hkkjr esa iaFkfujis{k f'k{kk dh fLFkfr dk ijh{k.k dhft, A 

8. Write an essay on Women education in medieval India. 

e/;dkyhu Hkkjr esa ukjh f'k{kk ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A 

9. Delineate the features of good mental health of a teacher. 

,d f'k{kd ds mRÑ"V ekufld LokLF; dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks js[kkafdr dhft, A 

10. What do you mean by mentally retarded child ? Discuss characteristics for 

identification of mentally retarded children. 

eUncqf) ckyd ls vkidk D;k rkRi;Z gS \ eUncqf) ckydksa dh igpku gsrq fo'ks"krkvksa dh 

foospuk dhft, A



PART–I, PAPER–III 

¼Philosophical Foundation of Education½ 




A 


1. Define educational philosophy and explain its nature, need and importance. 

f'k{kk n'kZu dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk bldh izÑfr] vko';drk ,oa egÙo dh O;k[;k dhft, A 

2. Describe the following ¼fuEufyf[kr dk o.kZu dhft,½ %& 

(a) Philosophy and Curriculum ¼n'kZu ,oa ikB~;Øe½ 

(b) Philosophy and Teacher ¼n'kZu ,oa f'k{kd½ 

3. How the educational system of a nation is influenced by its philosophical ideas ? Discuss. 

fdlh jk"Vª dk 'kSf{kd i)fr fdl ij mlds nk'kZfud fopkjksa ls izHkkfor gksrk gS \ foospuk dhft, A 

4. Define culture and discuss its various types. 

laLÑfr dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk blds fofHkUu izdkjksa dk foospu dhft, A 

5. Write an essay on the "Educational Thought during the vedic Period". 

^ôSfnd dky ds le; 'kS{kf.kd fpUru** ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A 

6. Explain the educational contributions of Jain Philosophy. 

tSu n'kZu ds 'kSf{kd ;ksxnku dh O;k[;k dhft, A 

7. Describe the meaning of Learning. Discuss the various factors influencing the process 

of Learning. 

vf/kxe ds rkRi;Z dk o.kZu dhft, A vf/kxe dh izfØ;k dks izHkkfor djus okys rÙoksa dk foospu dhft, A 

8. Discuss the theory of knowledge as advocated in Naya Philosophy 

U;k; n'kZu esa fn;s x;s Kku fl)kUr dh foospuk dhft, A 

9. Explain the educational theory of Gandhijee. 

xk¡/khth ds f'k{kk ds fl)kUr dh O;k[;k dhft, A 

10. Write short notes on any Two of the following :— 

fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks nks nks nks ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k, %& 

(a) National Council of Educational Research & Training 

¼jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ,oa izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~½ 

(b) Role of Pressure Groups in the management of Schools 

¼fo|ky; ds izcU/ku esa ncko lewgksa dh Hkwfedk½ 

(c) Two Dimensional Model of Conflict 

¼}; vk;keh la?k"kZ izfreku½ 

 

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fuxe 

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le; le; le; ,oa ,oa LFkku LFkku ij ij ij gha gha vvk;ksftr 

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k;ksftr k;ksftr gks gksa gks aa axh xh A 

A



PART–I, PAPER–IV 

¼Sociological Foundation of Education½ 




A 


1. Define Educational Sociology. Discuss how the knowledge of educational sociology 

helps the teacher to develop a progressive society ? 

'kSf{kd lekt'kkL= dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A foospu dhft, fd izxfr'khy lekt fodflr djus esa 

'kSf{kd lekt'kkL= dk Kku f'k{kd dks fdl izdkj lgk;rk djrk gS \ 

2. Examine the relations of Educational Sociology with Psychology, History and 

Education. 

'kSf{kd lekt'kkL= dk euksfoKku] bfrgkl ,oa f'k{kk ds lkFk lEcU/kksa dk ijh{k.k dhft, A 

3. What are formal and informal agencies of education. Describe the role of school as a 

formal agencies. 

f’k{kk ds vkSipkfjd vkSj vukSipkfjd vfHkdj.k D;k gSa \ ,d vkSipkfjd vfHkdj.k ds :i esa fo|ky; 

dh Hkwfedk dk o.kZu dhft, A 

4. Discuss the caste and class as social determiners of education. 

f’k{kk ds lkekftd fu/kkZjd ds :i esa tkfr ,oa oxZ dh Hkwfedk dh foospuk dhft, A 

5. What is socialization ? Discuss the role of teacher and education in socialization. 

lekthdj.k D;k gS \ lekthdj.k esa f’k{kd ,oa f’k{kk dh Hkwfedk dh foospuk dhft, A 

6. What is Population Education ? What are its main problems in India. How do you 

develop awareness among students about Population Education. 

tula[;k f'k{kk D;k gS \ Hkkjr esa bldh izeq[k leL;k,¡ D;k gSa \ f'k{kk ds }kjk Nk=ksa esa tula[;k 

f'k{kk ds ckjs esa vki tkx:drk dSls fodflr djsaxs A 

7. What do you mean by modernization in education ? How far it helpful to bring 

changes in Indian Society ? 

f'k{kk esa vk/kqfudhdj.k ls vkidk D;k rkRi;Z gS \ ;g dgk¡ rd Hkkjrh; lekt esa ifjorZu ykus esa 

lgk;d gS \ 

8. What do you mean by Moral Development ? How do you develop morality among 

student through education. 

uSfrd fodkl ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ f’k{kk ds }kjk vki Nk=ksa esa uSfrdrk dk fodkl dSls djsaxsa \ 

9. Examine various forms and consequences of the Gender Inequality with special 

reference to India. 

Hkkjr ds fof'k"V lanHkZ esa] ySafxd vlekurk ds fofHkUu Lo:iksa ,oa ifj.kkeksa dk ijh{k.k dhft, A 

10. Write an essay on the "Role of Teacher and Intellectuals in Education". 

^^f'k{kk esa f'k{kdksa ,oa cqf)thfo;ksa dh Hkwfedk** ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A



PART–I, PAPER–V 

¼Psychological Foundation of Education½ 




A 


1. Examine the concept of Educational Psychology. Discuss its Scope and functions. 

'kSf{kd euksfoKku dh vo/kkj.kk dk ijh{k.k dhft, A blds {ks= ,oa dk;ks± dk foospu dhft, A 

2. What are the methods of Educational Psychology ? Discuss any two important 

methods which you like. 

f'k{kk&euksfoKku dh dkSu&dkSu lh fof/k;k¡ gSa] fdUgha nks egÙoiw.kZ fof/k;ksa dk o.kZu dhft, ftUgsa vki 

ilUn djrs gSa A 

3. What is Learning ? Describe the factors that affecting learning. 

vf/kxe D;k gS \ vf/kxe dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

4. Explain the classical conditioning theory of learning. 

vf/kxe ds 'kkL=h; vuqcU/ku fl)kUr dk o.kZu dhft, A 

5. How is motivation related to learning ? Explain, in brief, the main theories of motivation. 

izsj.kk fdl izdkj ls vf/kxe ls lEcfU/kr gS \ izsj.kk ds eq[; fl)kUrksa dk la{ksi esa o.kZu dhft, A 

6. What do you understand by personality ? What are different methods of measuring 

personality ? Describe it. 

O;fDrRo ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ O;fDrRo ekiu dh dkSu&dkSu lh fof/k;k¡ gSa \ o.kZu dhft, A 

7. What is creativity ? What can be the role of school and teacher in developing among 

children. 

ltZukRedrk D;k gS \ cPpksa esa ltZukRedrk ds fodkl gsrq fo|ky; rFkk f'k{kd dh Hkwfedk D;k gks 

ldrh gS \ 

8. Define Emotion. Discuss the effects of emotion on human behaviour. 

laosx dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A ekuo O;ogkj ij laosx ds izHkkoksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

9. Define Attention. Discuss the external and internal conditions to concentrate attention. 

vo/kku dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A vo/kku dks dsfUær djus dh cká rFkk vkUrfjd n'kkvksa dk o.kZu 

dhft, A 



(a) Education, Learning and Instruction ¼f'k{kk] vf/kxe rFkk vuqns'ku½ 

(b) Education for Special Children ¼fof'k"V ckydksa dh f'k{kk½ 

(c) Programme Instruction ¼vfHkØfer vuqns'ku½ 

(d) Projective Method ¼iz{ksi.k fof/k½ 

(e) Theory of Moral Development ¼uSfrd fodkl dk fl)kUr½



PART–I, PAPER–VI 

¼Methodology of Educational Research½ 




A 


1. Discuss the meaning and objectives of Research. 

vuqla/kku ds rkRi;Z ,oa mís';ksa dk foospu dhft, A 

2. What do you understand by historical research ? Discuss its aims and importance in 

educational research. 

,sfrgkfld vuqla/kku ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku esa blds mís'; rFkk egÙo dk o.kZu 

dhft, A 

3. Describe the need and importance of educational research. 

'kSf{kd vuqla/kku dh vko';drk rFkk egÙo dk o.kZu dhft, A 

4. Discuss various types of tools of educational research with their merits and demerits. 

'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ds ;a=ksa ds fofHkUu izdkjksa dk muds xq.k ,oa nks"kksa ds lkFk foospu dhft, A 

5. Define problem. What are the principles of selection of problem in research ? 

leL;k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A 'kks/k esa leL;k ds pquko ds fl)kUr D;k gSa \ 

6. Examine the meaning of objectivity and also examine its need in research. 

oLrqfu"Brk ds rkRi;Z dk ijh{k.k dhft, rFkk 'kks/k esa bldh vko';drk dk Hkh ijh{k.k dhft, A 

7. What do you mean by National Integration ? Discuss its various dimensions and 

importance. 

jk"Vªh; ,drk ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ blds fofHkUu vk;keksa ,oa egÙoksa dk foospu dhft, A 

8. What do you understand by Schedule ? Describe its importance and method of 

Construction. 

vuqlwph ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ blds egRo rFkk cukus dh fof/k dk o.kZu dhft, A 

9. Discuss the objectives and step of descriptive research design. 

o.kZukRed vuqla/kku vfHkdYi ds mís'; ,oa pj.kksa dh foospuk dhft, A 



(a) Random Sampling and Stratified Sampling ¼;knqfPNdh ,oa LrjhÑr U;kn'kZ½ 

(b) Importance of Assumption ¼ifjdYiuk dk egÙo½ 

(c) Rating Scale ¼fu/kkZj.k ekiuh½



PART–I, PAPER–VII 

¼Educational Technology½ 




A 


1. Explain the concept of Educational Technology. State its objectives, uses and limitations. 

'kSf{kd rduhdh ds izR;; dks Li"V dhft, A blds mís';] mi;ksfxrk rFkk lhekvksa dks crkb, A 

2. What do you know about components of Education Technology ? Discuss utility of 

hardware components of educational technology. 

'kSf{kd rduhd ds vo;oksa ds ckjs esa vki D;k tkurs gSa \ 'kSf{kd rduhd ds dBksj vo;oksa dh 

mi;ksfxrk dh foospuk dhft, A 

3. What are the variables of Teaching ? Discuss their functions. 

f'k{k.k ds pj dkSu gSa \ buds dk;ksZa dk foospu dhft, A 

4. Discuss the application of computer in increasing the effectiveness of class room 

instruction. 

oxZ vuqns'ku ds izHkkoksa dks c



PART–I, PAPER–VIII 

¼Principles of Educational Administration & Management½ 




A 


1. Write an essay on objectives and scope of educational management. 

'kSf{kd izcU/ku ds mís';ksa ,oa {ks= ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A 

2. Describe the various managerial approaches in educational management. 

'kSf{kd izcU/ku esa fofHkUu izcU/kdh; mikxeksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

3. Mention the various agencies working under the Ministry of Education. Discuss the 

role of University Grant Commission. 

f'k{kk ea=ky; ds vUrxZr dk;Z djus okys fofHkUu ,tsfUl;ksa dk mYys[k dhft, A fo'ofo|ky; 

vuqnku vk;ksx dh Hkwfedk dk o.kZu dhft, A 

4. Examine the Taylor's theory of Scientific Management. Discuss its merits and demerits. 

Vsyj ds oSKkfud çcU/ku fl)kUr dk ijh{k.k dhft, A blds xq.k rFkk nks"kksa dh foospuk dhft, A 

5. Describe the Role Conflict Theory of Educational Management. 

f'k{kk izcU/ku esa Hkwfedk la?k"kZ fl)kUr dk o.kZu dhft, A 

6. Discuss the various provisions under the Indian Constitution relating to education. 

Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vUrxZr f'k{kk ls lEcfU/kr fofHkUu izko/kkuksa dh foospuk dhft, A 

7. Describe the qualities of Leader and discuss the factors affecting leadership. 

usrk ds xq.kksa dk o.kZu dhft, ,oa usr`Ro dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa dh foospuk dhft, A 

8. Discuss the Tri-dimensional view (Theory) of Educational Management. 

f'k{kk izcU/ku ds f=&vk;keh jk; ¼fl)kUr½ dh foospuk dhft, A 

9. Explain the various problems of Primary Education in India with special reference to 

Right to Primary Education. 

izkFkfed f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj ds lanHkZ esa] Hkkjr esa izkFkfed f'k{kk dh fofHkUu leL;kvksa dh O;k[;k 

dhft, A 

10. Discuss the role of 'decision' in school organization and explain the various types of 

'decision'. 

fo|ky; laxBu esa ^fu.kZ;* dh Hkwfedk dh foospuk dhft, rFkk ^fu.kZ;* ds fofHkUu izdkjksa dh O;k[;k 

dhft, A



PART–II, PAPER–IX 

¼Organizational Behaviour½ 




A 


1. Explain the concept of organization and describe its major types. 

laxBu ds lEizR;; dh O;k[;k dhft, rFkk laxBu ds fofHkUu izdkjksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

2. What is organizational behaviour ? Describe its characteristics. 

laxBukRed O;ogkj D;k gS \ bldh fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

3. Evaluate New-Classical theory of organization. 

laxBu ds uo&Dykfldh fl)kUr dk ewY;kadu dhft, A 

4. "Personality is the product of environmental and biological factors". Discuss this 

statement. 

^Ô;fDrRo i;kZoj.kh; rFkk tSfod dkjdksa dk ifj.kke gksrk gS A** bl dFku dh foospuk dhft, A 

5. Examine critically the need hierarchy theory of work motivation. 

dk;Z&vfHkizsj.k ds vko';drk inkuqØe fl)kUr dh vkykspukRed O;k[;k dhft, A 

6. Explain the Organizational conflict as a process. 

laxBukRed la?k"kZ dks ,d izfØ;k ds :i esa O;k[;k dhft, A 

7. Discuss meaning and dimensions of organizational climate. 

vlaxBukRed ifjos'k ds vFkZ ,oa vk;keksa dh foospuk dhft, A 

8. Explain the concept of group and describe its main types. 

lewg ds lEizR;; dks Li"V dhft, rFkk blds eq[; izdkjksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

9. Evaluate Trait theory of leadership. 

usr`Ro ds 'khyxq.k fl)kUr dk ewY;kadu dhft, A 

10. Explain any Two of the following :— 

fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks nks nks nks dh O;k[;k dhft, %& 

(a) Barriers to Effective Communication ¼izHkkoh lapkj dh ck/kk,¡½ 

(b) Sources of Stress ¼ruko ds lzksr½ 

(c) Administrative theory of Feyol ¼Qs;ksy dk iz'kklfud fl)kUr½ 

(d) Types of Attitude ¼eukso`fÙk ds izdkj½



PART–II, PAPER–X 

¼Environemtnal Education½ 




A 


1. 'Environmental studies means education about the environment, through the environment 

and for the environment'. Discuss. 

î;kZoj.k v/;;u ls vfHkizk; gS i;kZoj.k ds fy,] i;kZoj.k ds ckjs esa] i;kZoj.k ds }kjk f'k{kk A* 

foospu dhft, A 

2. Discuss the physical elements of environment. 

i;kZoj.k ds HkkSfrd rÙoksa dh foospuk dhft, A 

3. Why is teaching of Environmental Studies necessary at primary level ? Explain. 

Describe various components of Environmental Studies. 

izkFkfed Lrj ij i;kZoj.k v/;;u dk v/;kiu D;ksa vko';d gS \ O;k[;k dhft, A i;kZoj.k 

v/;;u ds fofHkUu ?kVdksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

4. What do you mean by Natural Resources ? Explain the importance of forest as a 

important resource. 

izkÑfrd lalk/ku ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ ,d eq[; lalk/ku ds :i esa ouksa ds egÙo dh foospuk 

dhft, A 

5. Describe the meaning and structure of eco-system. 

ikfjfLFkfrd ra= dk vFkZ ,oa lajpuk dk o.kZu dhft, A 

6. Define resource conservation and discuss the purpose of conservation of natural 

resources. 

lalk/kuksa ds laj{k.k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk izkÑfrd lalk/kuksa ds laj{k.k dh vko';drk dk 

foospu dhft, A 

7. Throw light on types and sources of water-pollution and mention the laws related to 

prevention of it. 

ty&iznw"k.k ds izdkj ,oa lzksrksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, rFkk blds jksdFkke ds fy, dkuwu dk mYys[k 

dhft, A 

8. Write an essay on 'Solid Waste Pollution'. 

^Bksl vif'k"V iznw"k.k* ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A 

9. Critically examine the Environmental Protection Act., 1986. 

i;kZoj.k laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 1986 dk vkykspukRed ijh{k.k dhft, A 

10. Explain any Two of the following :— 

fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks nks nks nks dh O;k[;k dhft, %& 

(a) N.B.A. ¼ueZnk cpkvks vkUnksyu½ 

(b) Acid Rain ¼vEy o"kkZ½ 

(c) Importance of Bio-Gas ¼ck;ks xSl dh mi;ksfxrk½ 

(d) Wild Life Management ¼oU; thoksa dk izcU/k½



PART–II, PAPER–XI 

¼Educational Administrative Practice½ 




A 


1. Explain the meaning, objectives and nature of educational administration. 

'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds vFkZ] mís'; ,oa izÑfr dh O;k[;k dhft, A 

2. Throw light on the concept of educational administrative process. 

'kSf{kd iz'kklfud izfØ;k dh vo/kkj.kk ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

3. Describe the characteristics of educational management. 

'kSf{kd izcU/k dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

4. Present a brief essay on different agencies of educational organization. 

'kSf{kd laxBu ds fofHkUu vfHkdj.kks ij laf{kIr ys[k izLrqr dhft, A 

5. Write short notes on the following :— 

fuEufyf[kr ij laf{kIr fVIif.k;k¡ fyf[k, %& 

(a) Educational Supervision ¼'kSf{kd i;Zos{k.k½ 

(b) Bureaucratic and Democratic approach of management 

¼izcU/ku dk ukSdj'kkgh ,oa turkaf=d mikxe½ 

6. Define 'Communication' and discuss process of Communication. 

^laizs"k.k* dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk lEizs"k.k dh izfØ;k dk foospu dhft, A 

7. What is 'Leadership' ? Explain the different types and styles of 'Leadership'. 

ûsr`Ro* D;k gS \ ûsr`Ro* ds fofHkUu izdkjksa rFkk 'kSfy;ksa dh O;k[;k dhft, A 

8. What do you mean by school organization ? Describe the different types of school 

organization. 

fo|ky; laxBu ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ fo|ky; laxBu ds fofHkUu izdkjksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

9. Analyze the principles of Power and Delegation. 

'kfDr rFkk izR;k;kstu ds fl)kUrksa dk fo'ys"k.k dhft, A 

10. Enlist the important suggestions differed by Kothari Commission towards 

advancement of social national integration through education. 

f'k{kk }kjk lkekftd vkSj jk"Vªh; ,drk ds fy, dksBkjh vk;ksx }kjk lq>k, x;s mik;ksa dk mYys[k 

dhft, A



PART–II, PAPER–XII 

¼Teacher Education½ 



fdUgha fdUgha fdUgha fdUgha ik¡p ik¡p ik¡p ik¡p iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa ds ds ds ds mÙkj mÙkj mÙkj mÙkj nhft, nh nh nhft, 

ft, ft, A A A A lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa ds ds ds ds vad vad vad vad leku leku leku leku gSa gSa gSa gSa A AA 

A 


1. Describe the meaning, aims and objectives of teacher education. 

v/;kid f'k{kk ds vFkZ] y{; ,oa mís';ksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

2. Write an essay on the topic of "teacher education as a profession". 

^^f'k{kd&f'k{kk ,d O;olk; ds :i esa** fo"k; ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A 

3. Discuss the main provisions made in National Educational Policy, 1986 for teachers 

training. 

jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr] 1986 esa f'k{k.k izf'k{k.k ds fy, cuk, x;s eq[; izko/kkuksa dh foospuk dhft, A 

4. State some of the important reasons that necessitate training of teachers. 

v/;kidksa ds fy, izf'k{k.k dh vfuok;Zrk ds dqN izeq[k dkj.k crkb, A 

5. Trace the history of teacher education in India. 

Hkkjr esa v/;kid f'k{kk ds bfrgkl dk o.kZu dhft, A 

6. Describe the problem of research in the area of teacher education. 

v/;kid f'k{kk ds {ks= esa 'kks/k lEcU/kh dfBukbZ;ksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

7. Discuss the concept and importance of microteaching in skill development of teachers. 

v/;kidksa ds dkS'ky fodkl esa lw{e&f'k{k.k dh vo/kkj.kk vkSj egÙo dh ppkZ dhft, A 

8. Examine the role of teacher and Headmaster in school organization. 

fo|ky; laxBu esa iz/kkuk/;kid vkSj f'k{kd dh Hkwfedk dk ijh{k.k dhft, A 

9. Define time table. Explain its purpose and type. 

le; lkfj.kh dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A blds mís'; ,oa izdkj dh O;k[;k dhft, A 

10. Examine the role of different types of teacher training institutes in India. 

Hkkjr esa fofHkUu izdkj ds f'k{k.k izf'k{k.k laLFkkuksa dh Hkwfedk dk ijh{k.k dhft, A 


fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks nks nks nks ij laf{kIr fVIif.k;k¡ fyf[k, %& 

(a) NCTE ¼jk"Vªh; v/;kid f'k{kk ifj"kn~½ 

(b) Cocurricular Activities ¼ikB~;lgxkeh fØ;k,¡½ 

(c) NCERT ¼jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~½



PART–II, PAPER–XIII 

¼Distance Education½ 




A 


1. How does distance education strive for access, flexibility and equality in education ? 

Explain the issues with suitable examples. 

nwjLFk f'k{kk fdl izdkj f'k{kk esa igq¡p] yphykiu ,oa lekurk ykus dk iz;kl djrh gS \ mfpr 

mnkgj.kksa ls eqíksa dh O;k[;k dhft, A 

2. Explain the principles and characteristics of Distance Education. Discuss the scope of 

Distance Education. 

nwjLFk f'k{kk ds fl)kUrksa vkSj fo'ks"krkvksa dks Li"V dhft, A nwjLFk f'k{kk ds dk;Z{ks= dh foospuk 

dhft, A 

3. Describe the major problems of distance teaching. 

nwjLFk f'k{k.k dh izeq[k leL;kvksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

4. (i) Differentiate between Tutoring and Counselling. 

V~;wVÇjx rFkk dkmfUlÇyx esa vUrj Li"V dhft, A 

(ii) Distinguish between Self Learning Material and Test Book. 

Lokf/kxe lkexzh rFkk ikB~;iqLrd esa Hksn Li"V dhft, A 

5. Explain the bases of Distance Education. 

nwjLFk f'k{kk ds vk/kkjksa dh O;k[;k dhft, A 

6. Examine the theoretical contributions of Michael Moore to Distance Education. 

nwjLFk f'k{kk ds izfr ekbdy ewjs ds lS)kfUrd ;ksxnku dk ijh{k.k dhft, A 

7. What is meant by "teaching through tutor comments" ? Describe the different types of 

teaching and non-teaching comments with examples. 

^^vuqf'k{kd fVIif.k;ksa ds ek/;e ls f'k{k.k** ls D;k vfHkizk; gS \ fofHkUu izdkj dh f'k{k.k vkSj 

f'k{k.ksÙkj fVIif.k;ksa dk lksnkgj.k o.kZu dhft, A 

8. Explain the roles and responsibilities of Teachers in Distance Education. 

nwjLFk f'k{kk esa f'k{kdksa dh Hkwfedkvksa ,oa mÙkjnkf;Roksa dh O;k[;k dhft, A 

9. "Self Learning Material is considered as the soul of teaching-learning under Open and 

Distance Learning (ODL)" system. Critically analyze the statement. 

^^[kqyh vkSj nwjLFk vf/kxe iz.kkyh ds vUrxZr Lokf/kxe lkexzh dks v/;kiu&vf/kxe dh tku le>k 

tkrk gS A** bl dFku dk vkykspukRed fo'ys"k.k dhft, A 

10. Discuss the role of media in Distance Education. Also, highlight the strengths and 

limitations of print and non-print media. 

nwjLFk f'k{kk esa ehfM;k ¼lapkj½ dh Hkwfedk dh foospuk dhft, A eqfær vkSj xSj&eqfær ehfM;k dh 

lkeF;ks± vkSj ifjlhekvksa dk Hkh mYys[k dhft, A



PART–II, PAPER–XIV 

¼Educational Statistics½ 




A 


1. What is importance of data in statistics ? Explain limitations of statistics ? 

lkaf[;dh esa leadksa ds D;k egÙo gSa \ lkaf[;dh dh ifjlhek,¡ dks Li"V dhft, A 

2. Define Tabulation and mention its methods. 

lkj.kh;u dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk bldh fof/k;ksa dk mYys[k dhft, A 

3. Name the different measures of central tendency. Find the mean of the following 

ungrouped data and analyze the results. 

dsUæh; izo`fÙk ds fofHkUu ekidksa dk uke crkb, A fuEufyf[kr voxZ vk¡dM+ksa dk ek/; fudkfy, rFkk 

ifj.kke dk fo'ys"k.k dhft, A 

35] 38] 0] 7] 9] 4] 5] 10] 12 

4. What is Regression ? Differentiate between Correlation and Regression. 

izfrxeu D;k gS \ lglEcU/k vkSj izfrxeu ds chp ds vUrj dks Li"V dhft, A 

5. Find the correlation coefficient with the help of Karl Pearson method from the 

following data of X and Y. 

X vkSj Y ds fuEufyf[kr leadksa ls dkyZ fi;jlu fof/k ls lglEcU/k Kkr dhft, A 

X 78 89 97 69 54 79 60 65 

Y 125 137 156 112 107 136 120 110 

6. Define Variability. Explain the measure of variation. 

fopyu'khyrk dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A fopyu ds ekiksa dks Li"V dhft, A 

7. Describe the method of graphical representation of data and discuss its advantages. 

leadksa ds xzkfQdy izfrfuf/kRo fof/k dk o.kZu dhft, rFkk blds ykHkksa dh foospuk dhft, A 

8. What is definition of analysis of variance ? Explain its meaning. 

izlj.k&fo'ys"k.k dh D;k ifjHkk"kk gS \ blds vFkZ dks Li"V dhft, A 

9. Explain the relationship between ANOVA and t-test. 

,uksHkk (ANOVA) vkSj t–ijh{k.k ds chp ds lEcU/k dks Li"V dhft, A 



(a) Standard Deviation ¼izeki fopyu½ 

(b) Mean, Median and Mode ¼ek/;] ekf/;dk vkSj cgqyd½ 

(c) X²–test 

(d) F–test



PART–II, PAPER–XV 

¼Educational Guidance and Counseling½ 




A 


1. What do you mean by Personal Guidance. Discuss its objectives and explain different 

form of personal guidance. 

O;fDrxr funsZ'ku ls vkidk D;k rkRi;Z gS \ blds mís';ksa dh foospuk dhft, rFkk O;fDrxr 

funsZ'ku ds fofHkUu Lo:iksa dks Li"V dhft, A 

2. What do you mean by Guidance ? Discuss the main theories of Guidance. 

funsZ'ku ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ funsZ'ku ds ewy fl)kUrksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

3. What do you mean by Placement Service ? Discuss the placement functions and 

responsibilities of school. 

fu;kstu lsok ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ fo|ky; ds fu;kstu lEcU/kh dk;ks± ,oa mÙkjnkf;Roksa dk 

foospuk dhft, A 

4. Write an essay on Self Analysis Service. 

vkRe fo'ys"k.k lsok ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A 

5. Explain the nature and purpose of counseling. Discuss the characteristics of an 

effective counselor. 

ijke'kZ dh izÑfr rFkk vko';drk dks Li"V dhft, A ,d izHkkoh ijke'kZnkrk ¼micks/kd½ ds xq.kksa dh 

foospuk dhft, A 

6. Write a descriptive note on need of Research in Guidance. 

funsZ'ku esa vuqla/kku dh vko';drk ij ,d fooj.kkRed fVIi.kh fyf[k, A 

7. Define Aptitude Test and discuss its various forms. 

vfHk;ksX;rk ijh{k.k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk blds fofHkUu Lo:iksa dh foospuk dhft, A 

8. Define Cumulative Record Card and discuss its importance. 

ladfyr vkys[k i= dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk blds egÙo dh foospuk dhft, A 

9. Discuss behavioural problem of students and its remedial measures. 

fo|kÆFk;ksa dh O;ogkjxr leL;k ,oa blds mipkjkRed mik;ksa dh foospuk dhft, A 



(a) Educational Backwardness ¼'kSf{kd fiNM+kiu½ 

(b) Problems of Talented Child ¼izfrHkkoku ckydksa dh leL;k,¡½ 

(c) Vocational Guidance ¼O;kolkf;d funsZ'ku½ 

(d) Kind of Intelligence ¼cqf) ds izdkj½



PART–II, PAPER–XVI (New) 

¼Educational Assessment½ 




A 


1. Explain the scope of Educational Measurement. 

'kSf{kd ekiu ds dk;Z&{ks= dh O;k[;k dhft, A 

2. What do you understand by Educational Evaluation. Describe its important 

characteristics. 

'kSf{kd ewY;kadu ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ bldh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

3. What do you understand by Measurement and Evaluation ? Describe its main 

differences. 

ekiu ,oa ewY;kadu ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ blds izeq[k vUrjksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

4. What do you understand by essay test ? Describe the different types of questions 

which is used in it. 

fucU/kkRed ijh{kk ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ blesa iz;qDr gksus okys iz'u ds izdkjksa dh O;k[;k dhft, A 

5. What do you understand by rating scale ? Describe the major types of rating scale with 

examples. 

fu/kkZj.k ekiuh ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ fu/kkZj.k ekiuh ds izeq[k izdkjksa dk mnkgj.k lfgr o.kZu 

dhft, A 

6. What is schedule ? Discuss its merits and limitation as a tool of measurement and 

evaluation. 

vuqlwph D;k gS \ ekiu ,oa ewY;kadu ds midj.k ds :i esa blds xq.kksa rFkk nks"kksa dh foospuk dhft, A 

7. Define validity and describe its various types. 

oS/krk dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk blds izeq[k izdkjksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

8. What do you mean by norm-referenced test and criterion referenced test ? Describe 

the comparison between norm-referenced test and criterion referenced test. 

ekud lanÆHkr ijh{k.k rFkk fud"k lanÆHkr ijh{k.k ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ ekud lanÆHkr ijh{k.k 

rFkk fud"k lanÆHkr ijh{k.k ds chp rqyukRed o.kZu dhft, A 

9. Discuss the major aims of achievement test. Are they indispensable to education ? 

miyfC/k ijh{k.k ds izeq[k mís';ksa dk foospu dhft, A D;k ;g f'k{kk ds fy, vifjgk;Z gSa \ 

10. Define Intelligence. How it is measured ? 

cqf) dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A bls dSls ekik tkrk gS \



PART–II, PAPER–XVI (Old) 

¼Educational Evaluation½ 




A 


1. Define evaluation and explain its need and importance in education, with illustrations. 

ewY;kadu dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk f'k{kk esa mlds egÙo vkSj mldh vko';drk dks mnkgj.k ds 

lkFk Li"V dhft, A 

2. Explain internal and external evaluation and discuss advantages and disadvantages of 

internal evaluation. 

vkUrfjd ,oa cká ewY;kadu dh O;k[;k dhft, rFkk vkUrfjd ewY;kadu ds xq.k ,oa nks"kksa dh foospuk 

dhft, A 

3. Discuss the various approaches of evaluation. Differentiate between Norm referenced 

and criterion referenced evaluation. 

ewY;kadu ds fofHkUu mikxeksa dk o.kZu dhft, A ekud lanÆHkr rFkk ekun.M lanÆHkr ewY;kadu esa 

vUrj Li"V dhft, A 

4. What is difference between educational and instructional objectives. Describe the 

Bloom's theory of Instructional objectives. 

'kSf{kd ,oa 'kS{kf.kd mís'; esa D;k vUrj gS \ Cywe ds 'kS{kf.kd mís'; fl)kUr dk o.kZu dhft, A 

5. Explain essential criteria of a good evaluation tool with examples. 

ewY;kadu ds vPNs midj.k dh vko';d dlkSVh dh O;k[;k lksnkgj.k dhft, A 

6. What are the various tools of evaluation ? Differentiate between rating scale and 

anecdotal record. 

ewY;kadu ds fofHkUu ;a= dkSu&dkSu ls gSa \ fu/kkZj.k ekiuh ;a= rFkk ?kVukØe vfHkys[k esa vUrj Li"V 

dhft, A 

7. Explain the concept of Question Bank and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. 

iz'u cSad dh vo/kkj.kk dh O;k[;k dhft, rFkk blds ykHk&gkfu;ksa dh foospuk dhft, A 

8. Define the term 'Reliability'. Describe three approaches to estimate reliability of an 

achievement test. 

fo'ouh;rk 'kCn dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A miyfC/k ijh{k.k dk fo'oluh;rk dk vkdyu djus ds fy, 

fdUgha rhu mikxeksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

9. Describe the concept of Dispersion and differentiate between the measures of central 

tendency and the measures of dispersion. 

izdh.kZu dh vo/kkj.kk dk o.kZu dhft, rFkk dsUæh; izo`fÙk dh ekiksa ,oa izdh.kZu ds ekiksa esa vUrj 

dhft, A 



(a) Projective Technique ¼iz{ksih rduhdh½ 

(b) Validity ¼oS/krk½ 

(c) Diagnostic Test ¼funkukRed ijh{k.k½ 

(d) Measurement, Assessment and Evaluation ¼ekiu] ewY; fu/kkZj.k ,oa ewY;kadu½

M.A. (Education) Part I and II - Nalanda Open University

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