Appendix M

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2 Indholdsfortegnelse 1 FORORD............................................................................................................. 1 2 INDHOLDSFORTEGNELSE............................................................................... 2 3 INDLEDNING ...................................................................................................... 7 4 GEOLOGI............................................................................................................ 8 4.1 Basalt ............................................................................................................................. 8 4.2 Færøernes geologi....................................................................................................... 13 5 BJERGMEKANIK ............................................................................................. 20 5.1 Bjergarters trykkfasthed ........................................................................................... 20 5.2 Stres i borekerner....................................................................................................... 20 5.2.1 Principal stres ....................................................................................................... 23 5.2.2 Middel og deviatorisk stres .................................................................................. 25 5.2.3 Shearstyrke/kompressionsstyrke .......................................................................... 26 5.2.4 Von Mises shear styrke ........................................................................................ 26 5.2.5 Mohr-Coulomb shear modellet ............................................................................ 27 5.3 Strækstyrke................................................................................................................. 28 5.4 Elasticitet.....................................................................................................................30 5.5 Borbarhedsindeks....................................................................................................... 32 5.5.1 Drilling Rate Index DRI....................................................................................... 33 5.5.2 Bit Wear Index BWI ............................................................................................ 36 5.5.3 Cutter Life Index CLI........................................................................................... 40 5.5.4 Minitester ............................................................................................................. 40 5.6 Abrasion ...................................................................................................................... 42 2
5.6.1 Mohs hårdhedsskala:............................................................................................ 42 5.6.2 Vickers Hardness Number Rock VHNR.............................................................. 43 5.6.3 Sammenligning mellem Mohs hårdhedsskala og VHN ....................................... 44 6 TESTER ............................................................................................................ 45 6.1 Prøver ..........................................................................................................................45 6.1.1 Stenprøver ............................................................................................................ 45 6.1.2 Udformning af prøvestykker ................................................................................ 46 6.2 Brasilianske tester ...................................................................................................... 48 6.3 Kompressions tester ................................................................................................... 49 6.4 Strain ........................................................................................................................... 50 6.5 Borbarhedstester ........................................................................................................ 51 6.5.1 DRI....................................................................................................................... 51 6.5.2 BWI ...................................................................................................................... 52 6.5.3 CLI ....................................................................................................................... 52 6.5.4 Densitet, sprødhedstal og slitageværdier.............................................................. 53 6.6 Mineralogi................................................................................................................... 54 6.6.1 XRD-tester ........................................................................................................... 54 6.6.2 Tyndslib................................................................................................................ 55 6.6.3 Vickers hårdhed.................................................................................................... 60 6.7 Kommentarer til testresultater ................................................................................. 62 6.7.1 Tensionsstyrke...................................................................................................... 62 6.7.2 Kompressionsstyrke ............................................................................................. 62 6.7.3 DRI....................................................................................................................... 64 6.7.4 BWI og CLI.......................................................................................................... 65 6.7.5 Sammenligninger ................................................................................................. 66 7 BOREMETODER .............................................................................................. 70 7.1 Konventionelle boremetoder ..................................................................................... 70 3
Page 1 and 2: BSc-speciale Boringer i basalt på
Page 3: 1 Forord Denne opgave er udført ve
Page 7 and 8: 8.5.3 Levetid......................
Page 9 and 10: 3 Indledning Efteråret 2000 blev d
Page 11 and 12: Foruden de ovenfor nævnte minerale
Page 13 and 14: Figur 4.3 Til venstre. En meget reg
Page 15 and 16: 4.2 Færøernes geologi Opbyggelse
Page 17 and 18: Midterste basaltserie: Tykkelse ca.
Page 19 and 20: Gange: Dette er basalter som er lø
Page 21 and 22: Spørgsmålet er så hvad det er fo
Page 23 and 24: Figur 5.1 Hvis man belaster en cyli
Page 25 and 26: 5.2.1 Principal stres Den generelle
Page 27 and 28: Figur 5.4 Denne ligning bruges i Mo
Page 29 and 30: 1 = − 3 (5.19) 3 J ( σ σ ) 2 1
Page 31 and 32: En mere indirekte metode til at må
Page 33 and 34: Radial strain kan derfor også udtr
Page 35 and 36: Figur 5.8 Det viser sig at geologie
Page 37 and 38: Figur 5.10 Prinsippet for måling a
Page 39 and 40: tungsten carbide, giver indekset sa
Page 41 and 42: Figur 5.14 Sammenhæng mellem DRI,
Page 43 and 44: Sievers’ miniature drill test: He
Page 45 and 46: 5.6.2 Vickers Hardness Number Rock
Page 47 and 48: 6 Tester 6.1 Prøver Når vi skulle
Page 49 and 50: at endefladerne på kerneprøverne
Page 51 and 52: 6.3 Kompressions tester De tre før
Page 53 and 54: 6.5 Borbarhedstester Borbarhedstest
Page 55 and 56:
CLI 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 57 and 58:
Prøve 12 15a Plagioklas 35%vol 18%
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100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20
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Kornstørrelse (mm) 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0
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som vi beskriver som zeolitter er k
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sige. Den anden prøve (9.2) havde
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Sprødhetstal 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 3
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Kompressionsstyrke (MPa) 400 350 30
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Kompressionsstyrke (MPa) 400 350 30
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3. Skæring (PDC borekronen) 7.2 Dr
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P( effekt ) tryk ) A q ⋅ P( = (7.
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være mere udsat for brud end ved b
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Figur 7.7 Forskellige typer inserts
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centerlinje, men ligger mere eller
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8.1 Hammerboring Som med al teknik
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af effekten til boring, samtidig so
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Hammere skaber kraftige vibrationer
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8.3.3 Pålidelighed AG-Itator synes
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specielt hvor det er dyrt at bore p
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8.5 Wassara Wassara hammeren funger
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8.6 Minidisk-bit Disk-kuttere blev
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ROP = Borerate, m/time RPM = Omdrej
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8.6.2 Fordele Reduceret pris, fordi
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8.8 Boring med jet Af de alternativ
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q = Væskerate, m 3 /sek A = Areal,
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8.9.1.5 Trykket Den almindelige opf
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Figur 8.10 Skæredybden som functio
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10 < x < 100mm , 5 < U < 100 mm sek
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Fordelene med denne metode, imod su
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Figur 8.13 Skæring af dolemit. Bor
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8.11 GR & DC Gulf Research & Develo
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δv δP ρv = − (8.24) δl δl ρ
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Figur 8.14 Cavitationstallet og det
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8.13 FlowDrill FlowDrill og Kongsbe
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8.13.1.2 Væskerate Når DHP’en b
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9 Energibetragtninger Store mængde
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Pmin dbU Espec ker = (9.6) P min =
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127
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ensartet i styrke, på grund af at
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Der skal bemærkes at denne rate er
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Figur 10.3 ROP i forhold til DRI fo
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Der er stor mulighed for at porøsi
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10. Hard Rock Drilling, Accelerated
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33. SPE 38581, Development and Test
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Appendix L PHOTOGRAPHS OF LABORATOR
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Appendix L Siever’s J-Value test
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Billeder af Sievers J-forsøgene Pr
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Prøve 9 Prøve 10 Appendix K III
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Prøve 14 Prøve 15a Appendix K V
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Appendix J I
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Appendix J III
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Appendix J V
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Appendix J VII
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Appendix J IX
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Prøve 7 Prøve 9 Prøve 10 Appendi
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Prøve 15b Appendix I IV
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Prøve 5 og 4 Appendix H Vágatunni
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Prøve 9 Appendix H Gang på Sundsh
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Appendix H Forladt stenbrud ved Tho
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Appendix H Stenbrud i Hundsarabotnu
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Appendix F Lokationer for prøverne
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Appendix E Vickers Hardness Number
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Appendix C RESULTAT FRA ANALYSER; 3
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Kort over Færøernes geologiske op
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Prøve nr. 4 Appendix M II
Page 185 and 186:
Prøve nr. 7 Appendix M IV
Page 187 and 188:
Prøve nr. 10 Appendix M VI
Page 189 and 190:
Prøve nr. 13 Appendix M VIII
Page 191 and 192:
Prøve nr 15a Appendix M X
Page 193:
Appendix M XII
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Appendix M

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