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TABLE 6. Average yields (in 1000 metric tonnes) of dry food legume crops (1966-70 and 197 1-75). % change Chick-pea Broad beans Lentils Dry beans Dry peas % % CountTy 66-70 71-75 change 66-70 71-75 change 66-70 71-75 change 66-70 71-75 change 66-70 71-75 Morocco 734 606 -17 933 1167 + 25 548 598 + 9 526 579 +10 634 781 +23 Algeria 459 519 +13 617 686 + 11 386 388 0 420 590 +40 466 422 - 9 Tunisia 417 568 +36 573 683 + 19 256 407 +58 - - - - - - Libya 400 535 +33 287 1091 +280 - - - - - - 1450 2250 +55 Egypt 1625 1853 +14 2025 2381 + 17 1428 1773 +24 1723 2147 +24 1329 1644 +23 Sudan 885 818 -18 1459 1429 - 2 - - - 1225 1060 -13 - - - Jordan 506 525 + 3 850 609 - 28 656 802 +22 - - - - - - Iraq 691 640 -17 1049 973 - 7 646 665 + 2 756 646 -14 - - - Syria 814 724 -11 1080 1497 + 38 653 761 +16 1221 1364 +11 880 955 + 8 Lebanon 705 705 0 1121 1075 - 4 586 694 +18 1353 1313 - 2 1342 1105 -17 Cyprus - - - 1063 873 - 17 - - - 1982 1453 -26 - - - Turkey 1134 1115 - 2 1278 1493 + 16 984 933 - 5 1279 1508 +17 1135 1405 +23 Iran 485 799 +64 - - - 660 737 +11 1110 1084 - 2 - - - Pakistan 508 542 + 6 - - - 340 351 + 3 447 482 + 7 - - - Region 748 785 + 5 1028 1483 + 44 699 765 + 9 1095 1112 + 1 1034 1143 +10 World 603 618 + 2 1052 1128 + 7 601 629 + 4 467 499 + 6 1114 1118 0
increase achieved in Algeria (Table 6). In absolute terms the average regional yield of dry beans is still more than double that of the world although the marginal increase in yield over the period was greater in the case of the world as a whole (Table 6). Dry Peas The dramatic production increases that occurred in the region between 1966-70 and 197 1-75 can be largely attributed to the 73.8% increase in production area that took place over this period, together with the 10% average yield increase. In contrast to this, the world average yield remained static and the cultivated area only expanded by 6.3% over the period (Table 3). Of the regional production area, 84% is in Morocco (Table 4), but although yields in this country increased by about 23% between 1966-70 and 1971-75, they are still less than half those achieved in Egypt and Libya, whose yields have also risen by 23 and 55% respectively (Table 6). Conclusion From this initial study it can be seen that there is a great variation in the production of grain legume crops throughout the region. Considerable changes can be seen at the individual country level that together have resulted in the region as a whole making an increased contribution to the world production of all five of the crops over the period studied. Despite these fairly appreciable changes, there has been relatively little change in the importance of the individual producers in the region. In general, the grain legume-producing countries in West Asia and North Africa can be divided into two groups: those growing relatively large areas but achieving relatively low yields; and those in which average yields are relatively high but the area devoted to production is small. There appear to be only a very few countries that combine high yields with a large production area in any one of the crops, and none that achieves this for more than one crop. This indicates the considerable potential for production increases existing within the region, both through marginal yield increases in the large producing areas and through marginal increases in area in the regions already achieving high yields. However, a large number of different physical, biological, economic, and social factors contribute to the production situation and its propensity to change in each individual country. Therefore, before any concrete conclusions on the likelihood of realizing this potential can be made, further detailed studies of the complete production situation and the factors affecting it in each country are an essential prerequisite. 22
Page 1 and 2: I I ARCHIV 35914 o kI.k J k.. 1 ,1
Page 3 and 4: Food Legume Improvement and Develop
Page 5 and 6: Section V Food Legume Development G
Page 7 and 8: Foreword It is well established tha
Page 9 and 10: unless the rains are sufficiently e
Page 11 and 12: Evaporation Because several differe
Page 13 and 14: ainfall actually stored in the soil
Page 15 and 16: plant water use appear to be less a
Page 17 and 18: TABLE I. Average pulse production s
Page 19 and 20: TABLE 3. Average production (in 100
Page 21: TABLE 5. Average area (in 1000 hect
Page 25 and 26: iological structure of existing far
Page 27 and 28: COST OF FNPLTS F ER TI LI ZEN. LABO
Page 29 and 30: wheat, with the variety Mexipak bei
Page 31 and 32: Chemical composition of grain legum
Page 33 and 34: The cooking process serves to softe
Page 35 and 36: Despite these proven advantages, th
Page 37 and 38: usts in the coastal and subcoastal
Page 39 and 40: The world collections of lentils an
Page 41 and 42: LFDKU DAMNH 1N .BOUR 0105 MINIA EGY
Page 43 and 44: either cereals or cotton. As it is
Page 45 and 46: Sowing Date Investigations over the
Page 47 and 48: the continued use of manual operati
Page 49 and 50: PALESTINE 10 SHOBAKO --200, . .f !4
Page 51 and 52: the production processes are carrie
Page 53 and 54: J \. A A A CHICKPEA r LENTIL ( \ .,
Page 55 and 56: Karaj College of Agriculture in 196
Page 57 and 58: TABLE 1. Area (ha), production (met
Page 59 and 60: Food Legume Research and Developmen
Page 61 and 62: TABLE 1. Total area (in '000 feddan
Page 63 and 64: appreciably improved and the nitrog
Page 65 and 66: Varietal Improvement Breeding activ
Page 67 and 68: Area (ha), production (metric tonne
Page 69 and 70: Research Activities Legume research
Page 71 and 72: or tolerance to these diseases and
Page 73 and 74:
Area (ha), production (metric tonne
Page 75 and 76:
treatment with insecticides such as
Page 77 and 78:
Crop CYPRUS !AREAS WHERE FOOD LEGUM
Page 79 and 80:
Field Peas (Pisum sativum) Peas are
Page 81 and 82:
Broad Beans (Viciafaba) and Dry Pea
Page 83 and 84:
not turn it; three ploughings are n
Page 85 and 86:
provinces of Shoa and Gojam yielded
Page 87 and 88:
TABLE I. Area (ha), production and
Page 89 and 90:
Food Legume Improvement in the Peop
Page 91 and 92:
Food Legume Production in Libya Au
Page 93 and 94:
with a mean annual precipitation of
Page 95 and 96:
Food Legumes in India A. S. Tiwari
Page 97 and 98:
variety of forms. The most common o
Page 99 and 100:
Sectioti ITT Disease Problems on Le
Page 101 and 102:
importance during the 1976-77 seaso
Page 103 and 104:
Besides its more obvious effect on
Page 105 and 106:
ecorded as Mycosphaerella rabiei),
Page 107 and 108:
Food Legume Diseases in Ethiopia Al
Page 109 and 110:
lines for resistance toAscochyta bl
Page 111 and 112:
TABLE 2. Effect of SBBMV on the com
Page 113 and 114:
Section IV Major Pests and Weeds of
Page 115 and 116:
common and widely distributed. The
Page 117 and 118:
mm long. It has small dark spots an
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Life Cycle B. rufimanus resembles t
Page 121 and 122:
Insect Pests of Chick-pea and Lenti
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probably the most damaging, startin
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Some Insect Pests of Leguminous Cro
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The Biology and Control of Orobanch
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haustorium, is composed of undiffer
Page 131 and 132:
0. crenata has been noted; and the
Page 133 and 134:
which show very little persistence;
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TABLE 1. A comparison of the tolera
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Accentuation of Weed Control Proble
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Chemical Solubility in water Amt wa
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Genetic Resources of Grain Legumes
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TABLE I. Distribution, altitude, an
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Cultivars in Current Use Currently
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and multilocation trials. Detailed
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Lentil Breeding The lentil improvem
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USSR, and countries of Central and
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smallest of the food legume collect
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The "double podding" condition, whe
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esidual moisture after the winter r
Page 159 and 160:
In general, lentils, however, are g
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yields. Studies in Sudan have estab
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Salinity Tolerance Chick-peas are h
Page 165 and 166:
Excessive water supply can damage t
Page 167 and 168:
The Role of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixa
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40 30 20 10 40 30 LOCAL LARGE i-h 1
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The ICRISAT Chick-pea Program with
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five lines yielding significantly b
Page 175 and 176:
TABLE 2. International nurseries an
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Methods of Population Improvement i
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After three seasons of recombinatio
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een quoted extensively; however, th
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(4) the coordination and support of
Page 185 and 186:
Conferences and Workshops This comp
Page 187 and 188:
experienced personnel, and the cons
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assist developing countries in thei
Page 191 and 192:
The Food Legume Improvement and Dev
Page 193 and 194:
The Role of IDRC in Food Legume Imp
Page 195 and 196:
Section VII Recommendations for Pr
Page 197 and 198:
damage caused by them in the variou
Page 199 and 200:
Section 1 Abu-Shakra, Mirza S.S., a
Page 201 and 202:
Ayoub, AT. 197 1/72/73a. Ful masri
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changing plant morphological charac
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Bond, D.A., and Pope, M. 1970. Fact
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Nene, Y.L., and Reddy, M.V. 1976. P
Page 209 and 210:
Section V Abu Salih, H.S., Ishag, H
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Khan, T.N. 1973. A new approach to
Page 213 and 214:
1977b. Methods of breeding broadbea
Page 215 and 216:
HACHEMI, Dr Lounes Institut de dév
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